WO2019169471A1 - Pneumatic massage system - Google Patents

Pneumatic massage system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019169471A1
WO2019169471A1 PCT/CA2019/000030 CA2019000030W WO2019169471A1 WO 2019169471 A1 WO2019169471 A1 WO 2019169471A1 CA 2019000030 W CA2019000030 W CA 2019000030W WO 2019169471 A1 WO2019169471 A1 WO 2019169471A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bladder
switching module
chambers
fluidic switching
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2019/000030
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Katherine ARTHURS
John Knelsen
Robert J. Mcmillen
Renato Colja
Milosz NIEC
Wade O'MOORE
Horia Blendea
Original Assignee
Leggett & Platt Canada Co.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/116,433 external-priority patent/US11432995B2/en
Application filed by Leggett & Platt Canada Co. filed Critical Leggett & Platt Canada Co.
Priority to EP19764160.8A priority Critical patent/EP3761938A4/de
Priority to CN201980017369.4A priority patent/CN111818894B/zh
Priority to JP2020546336A priority patent/JP7065992B2/ja
Priority to CN202310094148.5A priority patent/CN115990104A/zh
Publication of WO2019169471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019169471A1/en
Priority to US17/009,018 priority patent/US11883358B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H9/00Pneumatic or hydraulic massage
    • A61H9/005Pneumatic massage
    • A61H9/0078Pneumatic massage with intermittent or alternately inflated bladders or cuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H7/00Devices for suction-kneading massage; Devices for massaging the skin by rubbing or brushing not otherwise provided for
    • A61H7/007Kneading
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/90Details or parts not otherwise provided for
    • B60N2/914Hydro-pneumatic adjustments of the shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/90Details or parts not otherwise provided for
    • B60N2/976Details or parts not otherwise provided for massaging systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/01Constructive details
    • A61H2201/0119Support for the device
    • A61H2201/0138Support for the device incorporated in furniture
    • A61H2201/0149Seat or chair
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/12Driving means
    • A61H2201/1238Driving means with hydraulic or pneumatic drive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1614Shoulder, e.g. for neck stretching
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1623Back
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1628Pelvis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1628Pelvis
    • A61H2201/1633Seat
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/164Feet or leg, e.g. pedal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5002Means for controlling a set of similar massage devices acting in sequence at different locations on a patient
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5056Control means thereof pneumatically controlled
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/06Arms
    • A61H2205/062Shoulders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/08Trunk
    • A61H2205/081Back
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61HPHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/10Leg
    • A61H2205/106Leg for the lower legs

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a pneumatic massage system for commercial and residential use, for example, office and home furniture, and more specifically for use within vehicular seating systems (aircraft, automobiles, etc ).
  • Conventional massage systems in automotive seats utilize mechanical systems to perform a massage function in the form of pressure patterns for interfacing with a seat occupant.
  • Such systems typically use mechanical actuators to generate certain massage modes at various levels of pressure intensity and predefined massage patterns.
  • the modes may include some form of rolling, compressing, stretching, kneading, poking, and/or vibrating a seat occupant to provide an enjoyable experience while relaxing muscles.
  • a pneumatic massage system including a source of pressurized air, a fluidic switching module in communication with the source of pressurized air, a first bladder in communication with the fluidic switching module, a second bladder in communication with the fluidic switching module, and a third bladder in
  • the fluidic switching module is configured to direct air from the source of pressurized air to each of the first bladder, the second bladder, and the third bladder in a predefined sequence.
  • the predefined sequence includes inflating the first bladder, inflating the second bladder while deflating the first bladder, and inflating the third bladder while deflating the second bladder.
  • the first bladder, the second bladder, and the third bladder are arranged in a circular pattern.
  • the first bladder, the second bladder, and the third bladder are integrally formed as a single body.
  • the pneumatic massage system further includes a support backing with a planar surface abutting each of the first bladder, the second bladder, and the third bladder.
  • the pneumatic massage system further includes a pressure transfer member positioned opposite the support backing, and the pressure transfer member at least partially overlies each of the first bladder, the second bladder, and the third bladder.
  • the second bladder is positioned adjacent the first bladder, and the third bladder is positioned adjacent the second bladder.
  • the fluidic switching module includes no moving parts.
  • the present disclosure provides, in another aspect, a pneumatic massage system including a source of pressurized air, a fluidic switching module in communication with the source of pressurized air, and a bladder assembly in communication with the fluidic switching module.
  • the bladder assembly includes a plurality of chambers.
  • the fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each of the chambers in a predefined sequence.
  • the plurality of chambers is arranged in a circular pattern, and the fluidic switching module is configured to sequentially inflate and deflate adjacent chambers of the plurality of chambers to produce a rotary massage effect.
  • the plurality chambers is arranged in a generally linear pattern, and the fluidic switching module is configured to sequentially inflate and deflate adjacent chambers of the plurality of chambers to produce a translating massage effect.
  • the bladder assembly includes a body defining each of the plurality of chambers, and adjacent chambers of the plurality of chambers are separated by a weld.
  • the bladder assembly includes a plurality of passages integral with the body, and each of the plurality of passages is in communication with a respective chamber of the multi-chamber air bladder. Also, each of the plurality of passages is in communication with the fluidic switching module.
  • the bladder assembly includes a support backing positioned adjacent the body, and the support backing includes a planar surface in abutting contact with each chamber of the plurality of chambers.
  • the bladder assembly includes a pressure transfer member positioned adjacent the body opposite the support backing, and the pressure transfer member at least partially overlies each of the chambers.
  • each chamber of the plurality of chambers partially overlaps an adjacent one of the plurality of chambers.
  • the predefined sequence includes sequential inflation of adjacent chambers of the plurality of chambers.
  • the predefined sequence includes sequential deflation of adjacent chambers of the plurality of chambers.
  • the fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each chamber of the plurality of chambers in the predefined sequence without moving any portion of the fluidic switching module.
  • the present disclosure provides, in another aspect, a massaging seat assembly including a support surface positioned to support a portion of a seat occupant, a first fluidic switching module in communication with a source of pressurized air, and a first bladder assembly including a first plurality of chambers in communication with the first fluidic switching module.
  • the first fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each chamber of the first plurality of chambers in a first predefined sequence to impart a translational or rotational massage to the seat occupant through the support surface.
  • the massaging seat assembly includes a second fluidic switching module in communication with the source of pressurized air, and a second bladder assembly including a second plurality chambers in communication with the second fluidic switching module.
  • the second fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each chamber of the second plurality of chambers in a second predefined sequence to impart a translational or rotational massage to the seat occupant through the support surface.
  • the massaging seat assembly also includes an adjustment device positioned fluidly between the source of pressurized air and the first and second fluidic switching modules.
  • the adjustment device is configured to actuate between a first position in which the adjustment device directs air from the source of pressurized air to the first fluidic switching module, and a second position in which the adjustment device directs air from the source of pressurized air to the second fluidic switching module.
  • the adjustment device is configured to actuate from the first position to the second position in response to a pressure signal from the first fluidic switching module.
  • the adjustment device is configured to actuate from the second position to the first position in response to a pressure signal from the second fluidic switching module.
  • the first fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each chamber of the first plurality of chambers in the predefined sequence without moving any portion of the fluidic switching module.
  • a massaging seat assembly including a support surface positioned to support a portion of a seat occupant, a first bladder assembly positioned behind the support surface, the first bladder assembly including a plurality of chambers configured to inflate in a predefined sequence to impart a translational or rotational massage to the seat occupant through the support surface, and a second bladder assembly positioned behind the first bladder assembly, the second bladder assembly configured to inflate and deflate to vary an intensity of the translational or rotational massage.
  • the massaging seat assembly includes a fluidic switching module in communication with a source of pressurized air, the fluidic switching module configured to direct air from the source of pressurized air to each of the plurality of chambers.
  • the second bladder assembly is in communication with the source of pressurized air separately from the fluidic switching module.
  • the fluidic switching module is configured to inflate each chamber of the first plurality of chambers in the predefined sequence without moving any portion of the fluidic switching module.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a pneumatic system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fluidic switching module of the pneumatic system of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 2, with a cover removed.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion the fluidic switching module of FIG. 6, identified by lines 6-6.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion the fluidic switching module of FIG. 6, identified by lines 7-7.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 6, identified by lines 8-8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic of an air passage of the fluidic switching module of FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 11 A-l 1E are schematic representations of airflow operation through the fluidic switching module of FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 12A is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to one embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 12B is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 12C is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 13 A is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 13B is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a bladder subassembly according to another embodiment that may be used with the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a seating system according to one embodiment, incorporating the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 21 is top view of the seating system of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a set of lower back bladders of the seating system of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the set of lower back bladders of FIG. 22.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a set of lower back bladders of the seating system of FIG. 20, according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the set of lower back bladders of FIG. 24.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a set of upper back bladders of the seating system of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the set of upper back bladders of FIG. 26.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates a set of upper back bladders of the seating system of FIG. 20, according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the set of upper back bladders of FIG. 28.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a set of bolster bladders of the seating system of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of the set of bolster bladders of FIG. 30.
  • FIG. 32 illustrates a set of shoulder bladders of the vehicular seating system of FIG.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the set of shoulder bladders of FIG. 32.
  • FIG. 34 illustrates a set of shoulder bladders of the vehicular seating system of FIG. 20, according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of the set of shoulder bladders of FIG. 34.
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a footrest assembly of the seating system of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 37 illustrates an upper portion of a vehicular seating system incorporating the pneumatic system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates a set of lumbar bladders of the vehicular seating system of FIG. 37.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a set of lumbar bladders of the vehicular seating system of FIG. 37, according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates a control schematic for the pneumatic system of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 41 illustrates a control schematic for the pneumatic system of FIG. 1, according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 42 illustrates a control schematic for the pneumatic system of FIG. 1, according to another embodiment.
  • FIGS. 43-46 are control schematics illustrating operation of the pneumatic system of FIG. 1, according to another embodiment.
  • a pneumatic system 10 i.e., a pneumatic massage system, oscillating pneumatic system, rotary pneumatic system, etc.
  • the pneumatic system 10 includes a pneumatic source 14 (e.g., an air pump, air compressor, etc.), a first bladder 18, a second bladder 22, a third bladder 26, and a fourth bladder 30.
  • the pneumatic system 10 further includes one or more fluidic switching modules 34 fluidly connected to the pneumatic source 14 and to the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30.
  • the pneumatic source 14 is driven by an electric motor.
  • pneumatic pressure is generated by a dedicated electric motor.
  • the pneumatic source 14 is any suitable source of compressed air, including a pneumatic module or any pneumatic source within an existing vehicle pneumatic system.
  • One or more adjustment devices 36 may optionally be provided in the pneumatic system 10.
  • an adjustment device 36 is provided between the pneumatic source 14 and a plurality of fluidic switching modules 34 to selectively direct air from the pneumatic source 14 to the fluidic switching modules 34 in a desired sequence.
  • the adjustment devices 36 may be associated with each bladder 18, 22, 26, 30 (e.g., in communication with pneumatic tubes) for bladder control.
  • the adjustment devices 36 can also or alternatively be used on one or more air supply conduits and/or one or more exhaust conduits (depending on the supply and exhaust configuration to the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30.
  • the pneumatic system 10 is utilized to create a massage effect by cyclically inflating and deflating the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30.
  • the pneumatic source 10 provides a source of pressurized air to the fluidic switching module 34, which controls the flow of air to the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 in a predefined sequence without moving any portion of the fluidic switching module 34.
  • the flow of air is controlled by the fluidic switching module 34 such that the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 repeatedly inflate and deflate in a staggered fashion (i.e., out of unison inflation), thereby creating a massaging effect.
  • the pneumatic system 10 may include any number of bladders.
  • the system 10 can be configured to provide a three, four, five, six, or more air-chambered pattern or circuit, which in certain applications may be a circular or rotational pattern, although other non-circular shaped patterns are within the present scope, to include other multi-part or multi- sectored or positioned bladder configurations.
  • the pneumatic system 10 is integrated within a seat, which for the purposes of the following description may be any vehicle seat within a passenger compartment of a vehicle, though the seat is not necessarily limited to vehicular applications.
  • the fluidic switching module 34 includes a base 38 and a cover 42.
  • the module 34 further includes five air connections 46A-46E formed on one side 50 of the base 38.
  • the base 38 includes a pneumatic source connector 46 A, a first bladder connector 46B, a second bladder connector 46C, a third bladder connector 46D, a fourth bladder connector 46E.
  • an air passage 54 is formed in the base 38.
  • the air passage 54 is partially defined by a channel 58 with a floor 62 and the cover 42.
  • the air passage 54 is at least partially defined by the floor 62, the cover 42, and sidewalls extending between the floor 62 and the cover 42.
  • the air connections 46A-46E are fluidly connected to the air passage 54 via corresponding bores 66A-66E, which pass through the floor 62.
  • vents 70, 74, 78, 82 (FIG. 4) to atmosphere are formed in the base 38 (more specifically, in the floor 62) to fluidly communicate the air passage 54 with atmosphere.
  • the air passage 54 and the vents 70, 74, 78, 82 passively control (i.e., with no additional mechanical or electrical valves) the flow of air from the pneumatic source 14 to the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 in a predetermine sequence.
  • the air passage 54 defines a plurality of“zones” and “subsystems.”
  • the air passage 54 includes a first subsystem 86 (shaded in FIG. 10), a second subsystem 90 fluidly connected to the first subsystem 86, and a third subsystem 94 fluidly connected to the first subsystem 86.
  • the first subsystem 86 includes an inlet zone 98 at a first upstream position including the air source connection 46 A and a first splitter zone 102 positioned downstream from the inlet zone 98.
  • the first subsystem 86 further includes a first transfer zone 106 and a second transfer zone 110.
  • the first splitter zone 102 is fluidly connected to the first transfer zone 106 and the second transfer zone 110.
  • the first transfer zone 106 is in fluid communication with an inlet zone 114 of the second subsystem 90.
  • the second transfer zone 110 is in fluid communication with an inlet zone 118 of the third subsystem 94.
  • the second subsystem 90 includes the inlet zone 1 14 at a second upstream position and a second air splitter zone 122 fluidly connected to the inlet zone 1 14.
  • the second subsystem 90 further includes a first bladder zone 126 and a second bladder zone 130 fluidly connected to the second splitter zone 122.
  • the first bladder connection 46B is positioned within the first bladder zone 126 and the second bladder connection 46C is positioned within the second bladder zone 130.
  • the second subsystem 90 includes a first vent zone 134 fluidly connected to the first bladder zone 126 and a second vent zone 138 fluidly connected to the second bladder zone 130.
  • the first vent 70 is positioned within the first vent zone 134 and the second vent 74 is positioned within the second vent zone 138.
  • the second subsystem 90 includes a feedback zone 142 fluidly connected to the second vent zone 138 and the first transfer zone 106 of the first subsystem 86.
  • the third subsystem 94 is similar to the second subsystem 90.
  • the third subsystem 94 includes the inlet zone 114 at a third upstream position and a third air splitter zone 146 fluidly connected to the inlet zone 1 14.
  • the third subsystem 94 further includes a third bladder zone 150 and a fourth bladder zone 154 fluidly connected to the third splitter zone 146.
  • the third bladder connection 46D is positioned within the third bladder zone 150 and the fourth bladder connection 46E is positioned within the fourth bladder zone 154.
  • the third subsystem 94 includes a third vent zone 158 fluidly connected to the third bladder zone 150 and a fourth vent zone 162 fluidly connected to the fourth bladder zone 154.
  • the third vent 78 is positioned within the third vent zone 158 and the fourth vent 82 is positioned within the fourth vent zone 162.
  • the third subsystem 94 includes a feedback zone 166 fluidly connected to the fourth vent zone 162 and the second transfer zone 110 of the first subsystem 86.
  • the air passage 54 further defines a plurality of “passages,”“walls,”“dimensions,” etc.
  • the first inlet zone 98 includes an inlet passage 170 in fluid communication with the air source connector 46 A and defines an inlet air stream axis 174 (FIG. 7).
  • the bore 66A of the air source connector 46A defines a diameter 178 within a range of approximately 1.0 mm to approximately 3.0 mm.
  • the inlet passage 170 narrows downstream to a nozzle 182.
  • the inlet passage 170 includes an inlet width dimension 186 and the nozzle 182 defines a nozzle width dimension 190 smaller than the inlet width dimension 186.
  • the inlet width dimension 186 is equal to the diameter 178.
  • the inlet width dimension 186 is larger than the nozzle width dimension 190 by a factor within a range of approximately 1.25 to approximately 5.5.
  • the first splitter zone 102 includes an air splitter 194, a first outlet passage 198, a second outlet passage 202, and a notch 206 (i.e., an airflow biasing feature).
  • the air splitter 194 is positioned from the nozzle 182 a distance 208 of approximately 2.0 mm to approximately 3.0 mm. In some embodiments, the distance 208 is equal to approximately four times the nozzle width 190.
  • the air splitter 194 is curved and defines at least one radius 210. In alternative embodiments, the air splitter is cusped. In other words, the air splitter 194 may be either concave or convex.
  • the air splitter 194 includes a center point 214 aligned with the inlet air stream axis 174.
  • the first outlet passage 198 includes a first wall 218 and the second outlet passage 202 includes a second wall 222 positioned opposite the first wall 218.
  • the first wall 218 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 174 to define a first angle 226.
  • the second wall 222 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 174 to define a second angle 230. Both the first angle 226 and the second angle 230 are within a range of approximately 15 degrees to approximately 25 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle 226 is equal to the second angle 230.
  • the notch 206 is positioned upstream of the first outlet passage 198 and downstream of the nozzle 182. More specifically, the notch 206 is positioned between the nozzle 182 and the first wall 218. In other words, the notch 206 replaces a portion of the first wall 218. As explained in further detail below, the notch 206 biases the airflow from the nozzle 182 to initially flow through the first outlet passage 198 before flowing through the second outlet passage 202.
  • the notch 206 defines a dimension 234 that is within a range of approximately 0.025 mm to approximately 0.50 mm. The greater the notch size the greater the biasing effect toward the corresponding output channel 198. However, a notch size too great can create airflow instability.
  • the notch 206 may be a groove, slot, or other suitable geometric feature in the wall 218 to generate an area of low pressure.
  • downstream of the first splitter zone 102 are both the first and second transfer zones 106, 110.
  • the first outlet passage 198 is in fluid communication with the first transfer zone 106.
  • the second outlet passage 202 is in fluid communication with the second transfer zone 110.
  • the first transfer zone 106 includes a transfer passage 238 with two curved walls 242 and the second transfer zone 1 10 similarly includes a transfer passage 246 with two curved walls 250.
  • the transfer passage 238 is in fluid communication with an inlet passage 254 that defines an air stream axis 258.
  • the inlet passage 254 narrows to a nozzle 262 that is narrower than the nozzle 182.
  • the nozzle 262 defines a nozzle width dimension 266 smaller than the nozzle width 190.
  • the nozzle width dimension 266 is equivalent to or smaller than the nozzle width 190 by a factor within a range of approximately 100% to approximately 50%.
  • the second splitter zone 122 Downstream of the nozzle 262 is the second splitter zone 122.
  • the second splitter zone 122 includes an air splitter 270, a first outlet passage 274, a second outlet passage 278, and a notch 282.
  • the air splitter 270 is positioned from the nozzle 262 a distance 284 of
  • the air splitter 270 is curved and defines at least one radius 286. Like the air splitter 194, the air splitter 270 may be either concave or convex. Specifically, the air splitter 270 includes a center point 290 aligned with the inlet air stream axis 258.
  • the first outlet passage 274 includes a first wall 294 and the second outlet passage 278 includes a second wall 298 positioned opposite the first wall 294. The first wall 294 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 258 to define a first angle 302.
  • the second wall 298 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 258 to define a second angle 306. Both the first angle 302 and the second angle 306 are within a range of approximately 15 degrees to approximately 25 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle 302 is equal to the second angle 306.
  • the notch 282 is positioned upstream of the first outlet passage 274. More specifically, the notch 282 is positioned between the nozzle 262 and the first wall 294. In other words, the notch 282 replaces a portion of the first wall 294.
  • the notch 282 defines a dimension 310 that is within a range of approximately 0.025 mm to approximately 0.5 mm. As explained in further detail below, the notch 282 biases the airflow from the nozzle 262 to initially flow through the first outlet passage 274 before flowing through the second outlet passage 278.
  • the first bladder zone 126 Downstream of the second splitter zone 122 are the first bladder zone 126, the second bladder zone 130, the first vent zone 134 and the second vent zone 138.
  • the first outlet passage 274 is in fluid communication with the first bladder zone 126 and the first vent zone 134.
  • the second outlet passage 278 is in fluid communication with the second bladder zone 130 and the second vent zone 138.
  • the first bladder zone 126 includes a passage 314 with two opposing walls 318 and the first bladder connector 46B.
  • the second bladder zone 130 includes a passage 322 with two opposing walls 326 and the second bladder connector 46C.
  • the first vent zone 134 includes a passage 330 with two curved walls 334 and the first vent 70.
  • the second vent zone 138 includes a passage 338 with two curved walls 342 and the second vent 74.
  • the first vent 70 defines a first vent diameter 346 and the second vent 74 defines a second vent diameter 350.
  • the feedback zone 142 includes a feedback passage 351 including two curved walls 352.
  • the feedback passage 254 is in fluid
  • the feedback zone 142 provides a passive way to switch airflow from the second subsystem 90 to the third subsystem 94.
  • the third subsystem 94 is similar to the second subsystem 90. In some embodiments, the third subsystem 94 is the same as (i.e., identical to) the second subsystem 90. Downstream of the second transfer zone 1 10 is the inlet zone 1 18 of the third subsystem 94. With reference to FIG. 9, the transfer passage 246 is in fluid communication with an inlet passage 354 that defines an air stream axis 358. The inlet passage 354 narrows to a nozzle 362 that is narrower than the nozzle 182. In particular, the nozzle 362 defines a nozzle width dimension 366 smaller than the nozzle width 190. The nozzle width dimension 366 is equivalent to or smaller than the nozzle width 190 by a factor within a range of approximately 100% to approximately 50%.
  • the third splitter zone 146 Downstream of the nozzle 362 is the third splitter zone 146.
  • the third splitter zone 146 includes an air splitter 370, a first outlet passage 374, a second outlet passage 378, and a notch 382.
  • the air splitter 370 is positioned from the nozzle 362 a distance 384 of
  • the air splitter 370 is curved and defines at least one radius 386. Like the air splitter 270, the air splitter 370 may be either concave or convex. Specifically, the air splitter 370 includes a center point 390 aligned with the inlet air stream axis 358.
  • the first outlet passage 374 includes a first wall 394 and the second outlet passage 378 includes a second wall 398 positioned opposite the first wall 394.
  • the first wall 394 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 358 to define a first angle 402.
  • the second wall 398 is oriented with respect to the inlet air stream axis 358 to define a second angle 406. Both the first angle 402 and the second angle 406 are within a range of approximately 15 degrees to approximately 25 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle 402 is equal to the second angle 406.
  • the notch 382 is positioned upstream of the first outlet passage 374. More specifically, the notch 382 is positioned between the nozzle 362 and the first wall 394. In other words, the notch 382 replaces a portion of the first wall 394.
  • the notch 382 defines a dimension 410 that is within a range of approximately 0.025 mm to approximately 0.5 mm. As explained in further detail below, the notch 382 biases the airflow from the nozzle 362 to initially flow through the first outlet passage 374 before flowing through the second outlet passage 378.
  • the third bladder zone 150 Downstream of the third splitter zone 146 are the third bladder zone 150, the fourth bladder zone 154, the third vent zone 158 and the fourth vent zone 162.
  • the first outlet passage 374 is in fluid communication with the third bladder zone 150 and the third vent zone 158.
  • the second outlet passage 378 is in fluid communication with the fourth bladder zone 154 and the fourth vent zone 162.
  • the third bladder zone 150 includes a passage 414 with two opposing walls 418 and the third bladder connector 46D.
  • the fourth bladder zone 154 includes a passage 422 with two opposing walls 426 and the fourth bladder connector 46E.
  • the third vent zone 158 includes a passage 430 with two curved walls 434 and the third vent 78.
  • the fourth vent zone 162 includes a passage 438 with two curved walls 442 and the fourth vent 82.
  • the third vent 78 defines a third vent diameter 446 and the fourth vent 82 defines a fourth vent diameter 450.
  • the feedback zone 166 includes a feedback passage 451 including two curved walls 452.
  • the feedback passage 451 is in fluid communication with the passage 438 of the fourth vent zone 162, and is in fluid communication with the transfer passage 246 of the second transfer zone 1 10.
  • the feedback zone 166 provides a passive way to switch airflow from the third subsystem 94 to the second subsystem 90.
  • the pump 14 provides a source of pressurized air at the air connector 46A.
  • the air passage 54 passively controls the source of pressurized air to cyclically and sequentially inflate and deflate the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30.
  • the air passage 54 inflates and deflates each of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 in a predetermined sequence with no additional electrical or mechanical valves, switches, or other external controls.
  • the predetermined sequence includes out of unison inflation of each of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 (i.e., inflating the first bladder first, and then inflating the second bladder, and then inflating the third bladder, etc.).
  • pressurized air from the pump 14 is received by the fluidic switching module 34 and enters the inlet passage 170 of the air passage 54.
  • the pressure in the input passagel70 i.e., the inlet pressure
  • the airflow accelerates as the inlet passage 170 narrows to form the nozzle 182.
  • An air velocity too fast creates excessive turbulence, which degrades operation and stability of the module 34.
  • the airflow contacts the first air splitter 194.
  • the first splitter 194 divides the airflow between one of the two outlet passages 198, 202.
  • a low pressure field develops along both of the adjacent angled walls 218, 222 due to entrainment of the surrounding air.
  • the low pressure fields developing along both of the adjacent angle walls 218, 222 are different as a result of the notch 206 in the first wall 218.
  • the low pressure field along the first wall 218 is stronger than the low pressure field along the second wall 222.
  • the difference in low pressure fields deflects the airflow toward the first wall 218 with the biasing notch 206 and the corresponding first outlet passage 198.
  • the physical phenomenon that causes the airflow to attach to one of the two walls 218, 222 is known as the Coanda effect.
  • the Coanda effect is the tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice (e.g., the nozzle 182) to follow an adjacent flat or curved surface (e.g., the wall 218) and to entrain fluid from the surroundings.
  • the airflow initially flows from the first air splitter 194 to the second subsystem 90.
  • the angles 226, 230 of the walls 218, 222 (FIG. 7) with respect to the airflow centerline 174 are designed to control the strength of the low pressure fields and the point at which the airstream attaches to the walls 218, 222 downstream.
  • the airflow initially draws in an additional inflow of air through the feedback passage 351 due to the Venturi effect. Specifically, additional airflow is drawn into the transfer passage 238 from the vent 74. However, when the transfer passage 238 reaches approximately 15% to approximately 25% of the input pressure at the nozzle 182, the airflow through the feedback passage 351 reverses to flow towards the vent 74. In other words, airflow through the transfer passage 238 initially creates a Venturi effect, drawing in additional airflow through the feedback passage 351, until the pressure in the transfer passage 238 reaches a threshold (e.g., approximately 28% of the inlet pressure). As such, this variable direction airflow is illustrated in FIG.
  • a threshold e.g., approximately 28% of the inlet pressure
  • the transfer passage 238 reaches and temporarily stabilizes at approximately 40% to approximately 60% of the input pressure, and provides a temporarily stable inlet pressure to the second subsystem 90.
  • the second air splitter 270 of the second subsystem 90 operates in much the same way as the first air splitter 194 of the first subsystem 86.
  • low pressure fields develop along both of the adjacent angled walls 294, 298 due to entrainment of the surrounding air.
  • the differential between the low pressure fields develops because of the biasing notch 282, and the air stream from the nozzle 262 deflects toward the angled wall 294 and the first outlet passage 274.
  • a stronger low pressure area forms on the wall 294 with the notch 282, biasing the airflow in that direction.
  • wall attachment occurs due to the Coanda effect and the airflow is directed toward the first bladder output passage 314, inflating the first bladder 18.
  • first bladder 18 starts inflating, additional air is drawn into the first bladder passageway 314 from the first vent passage 330 due to the Venturi effect.
  • the additional airflow from the vent 70 due to the Venturi effect increases the airflow in the passage 314 by a factor of approximately 1.0 to approximately 1.1.
  • the airflow in the first vent passage 330 reverses.
  • the airflow through first vent passage 330 is illustrated in FIG. 1 1 A as a double-sided arrow.
  • the first bladder 18 reaches a maximum pressure at approximately one-third of the input pressure.
  • the airflow at the second air splitter 270 is deflected and the airflow switches to the second output passage 278 and the second bladder passage 322, corresponding to the second bladder 22.
  • the pressure in the feedback passage 351 is high enough to cause the airflow at the first air splitter 194 to switch and deflect towards the second outlet passage 202.
  • the pressure feedback through the feedback passage 351 causes the airflow at the first air splitter 194 to defect and switch to the second output passage 202, corresponding to the third subsystem 94.
  • this variable airflow is illustrated in FIG. 11C as a double sided arrow (i.e., initially flowing towards the transfer passage 246 and then flowing towards the fourth vent passage 438).
  • the transfer passage 246 reaches and temporarily stabilizes at approximately 40% to approximately 60% of the input pressure, and provides a temporarily stable inlet pressure to the third subsystem 94.
  • the third air splitter 370 of the third subsystem 94 operates in much the same way as the second air splitter 270 of the second subsystem 90.
  • low pressure fields develop along both of the adjacent angled walls 394, 398 due to entrainment of the surrounding air.
  • the differential between the low pressure fields develops because of the biasing notch 382, and the air stream from the nozzle 362 deflects toward the angled wall 394 and the first outlet passage 374.
  • a stronger low pressure area forms on the wall 394 with the notch 382, biasing the airflow in that direction.
  • wall attachment occurs due to the Coanda effect and the airflow is directed toward the third bladder output passage 414, inflating the third bladder 26.
  • the third bladder 26 starts inflating, additional air is drawn into the third bladder passageway 414 from the third vent passage 430 due to the Venturi effect.
  • the additional airflow from the third vent 78 due to the Venturi effect increases the airflow in the passage 414 by a factor of approximately 1.0 to approximately 1.1.
  • the airflow in the third vent passage 430 reverses.
  • the airflow through the third vent passage 430 is illustrated in FIG. 11C as a double-sided arrow.
  • the third bladder 26 reaches a maximum pressure at approximately one-third of the input pressure.
  • the airflow at the third air splitter 370 is deflected and the airflow switches to the second output channel 378 and the fourth bladder passage 422, corresponding to the fourth bladder 30.
  • the operation of the fluidic module 34 begins another cycle of inflating and deflating the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30.
  • the state shown in FIG. 11E the state shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11E is similar to the state shown in FIG. 11 A in that airflow is biased to inflate the first bladder 18. However, FIG. 11E differs in that the remaining bladders 22, 26, 30 are deflating while the first bladder 18 is inflating.
  • the inflation and deflation of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 continues as long as there is an inlet pressure provided at the air connector 46A.
  • the cyclical inflation and deflation of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 repeats indefinitely in the predefined sequence until the pressurized air source 14 is turned off.
  • the fluidic module 34 provides a defined sequential continuous massage effect via inflation and deflation of bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 when a pressurized air is supplied to the inlet connector 46A.
  • the fluidic module 34 advantageously does not rely on the use of electronics or moving mechanical components for operation or control. This makes the module 34 reliable, repeatable, and cost efficient.
  • a defined massage sequence i.e., cyclical inflation/deflation of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30
  • cascading vented fluidic amplifiers i.e., subsystems 86, 90, 94
  • the sequence is further defined by the use of feedback zones 146, 166 that force switching of the airflow at predefined static pressures.
  • the vented fluidic amplifiers were chose to eliminate sensitivity to false switching under load and also provide the additional benefit of providing a passage for automatic deflation when the operation of the pneumatic system 10 has completed.
  • FIGS. 12A-19 illustrate exemplary bladder subassemblies 500a-500k that may be used with the pneumatic system 10 of FIG. 1 and inflated in a sequence controlled by the adjustment device(s) 36 and fluidic module(s) 34.
  • each of the bladders 18, 22, 26, 30 may be part of a particular bladder subassembly 500a-500k, which in the illustrated embodiments, have a multi-part or multi-sectored bladder configuration.
  • Each bladder subassembly 500a-500k may be described, therefore, as a multi-chambered bladder or as a plurality of bladders.
  • FIG. 12A illustrates a bladder subassembly 500a according to one embodiment.
  • the bladder subassembly 500a includes a body 506 with two air chambers 508 separated by a weld 520.
  • the air chambers 508 have generally equal volumes in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the chambers 508 may have different volumes.
  • a passage 532 extends from each chamber 508 and provides a pathway for fluid flow into and out of the respective chambers 508.
  • the body 506 is made of a flexible, polymer film.
  • the body 506 may be made from polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, PVC, EVA, or any other air-tight, flexible, and suitably strong material.
  • the welds 520 may be formed by ultrasonic welding, hot air welding, solvent bonding, or any other process suitable for permanently fusing portions of the body 506 together to form the air-tight chambers 508.
  • FIG. 12B illustrates a bladder subassembly 500b according to another embodiment.
  • the bladder subassembly 500b is similar to the bladder subassembly 500a but includes a body 506 with three air chambers 508, each having generally the same volume.
  • the air chambers 508 are equally spaced in a circumferential direction of the bladder subassembly 500b. Alternatively, the chambers 508 may have different volumes.
  • FIG. 12C illustrates a bladder subassembly 500c according to another embodiment.
  • the bladder subassembly 500c is similar to the bladder subassemblies 500a, 500b but includes a body 506 with four air chambers 508, each having generally the same volume.
  • the air chambers 508 are equally spaced in a circumferential direction of the bladder subassembly 500c.
  • the chambers 508 may have different volumes.
  • FIG. 13 A illustrates a bladder subassembly 500d according to another embodiment.
  • the bladder subassembly 500d is similar to the bladder subassemblies 500a, 500b, 500c but includes a body 506 with five air chambers 508, each having generally the same volume.
  • the air chambers 508 are equally spaced in a circumferential direction of the bladder subassembly 500d. Alternatively, the chambers 508 may have different volumes.
  • FIG. 13B illustrates a bladder subassembly 500e according to another embodiment.
  • the bladder subassembly 500e is similar to the bladder subassemblies 500a, 500b, 500c, 500d but includes a body 506 with six air chambers 508, each having generally the same volume.
  • the air chambers 508 are equally spaced in a circumferential direction of the bladder subassembly 500e. Alternatively, the chambers 508 may have different volumes.
  • the pneumatic system 10 can be configured to provide a two, three, four, five, six, or more air-chambered pattern or circuit, which in certain applications may be a circular or rotational pattern (e.g., FIG. 22; FIG. 24), although other non-circular shaped patterns are within the present scope, to include other multi-part or multi-sectored or positioned bladder configurations (i.e., the two, three, four, five, or six sector circular designs illustrated in FIGS. 12A-13B are not limiting).
  • the pneumatic system 10 may also include one or more single-chamber bladders (i.e. bladders that are not partitioned so as to form multiple parts or sectors).
  • FIG. 14 illustrates bladder subassemblies 500f.
  • Each of the bladder subassemblies 500f includes a body 506 with a plurality of air chambers 508 and a bladder support backing 512 abutting the body 506 on one side.
  • the bladder support backing 512 is made of a rigid or semi- rigid material, such as plastic or stiff felt.
  • each support backing 512 has a square shape, but the support backing 512 can have a variety of other shapes (e.g., circular, elliptical, rectangular, etc.).
  • the support backing 512 may be affixed to the air chambers 508 in a variety of different ways, including but not limited to adhesives, mechanical fasteners (e.g., staples), and ultra-sonic welding.
  • the bladder support backing 512 has a planar surface in abutting contact with each of the air chambers 508 to distribute pressure generated by inflating the respective air chambers 508 across a larger contact area behind the air chambers 508.
  • the bladder support backing 512 inhibits the bladder subassemblies 500f from sinking into the yielding material, which would tend to reduce the strength of the massage effect felt by the user.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates bladder subassemblies 500g.
  • Each of the bladder subassemblies 500g includes a body 506 with a plurality of air chambers 508 and a pressure transfer member 516 positioned in front of the air chambers 508.
  • the pressure transfer member 516 is configured to smooth application of pressure as the respective air chambers 508 are inflated sequentially (e.g., in an alternating or circular pattern).
  • the pressure transfer member 516 may be made of a rigid material (e.g., plastic) or a semi-rigid material (e.g., stiff felt).
  • the pressure transfer member 516 is configured as a flat plate with a circular shape.
  • a maximum dimension (i.e. diameter) of the pressure transfer member 516 is less than a maximum dimension of the air chambers 508 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the pressure transfer member 516 extends just beyond an inflated apex of each of the air chambers 508.
  • the pressure transfer member 516 may be affixed to the air chambers 508 in a variety of different ways, including but not limited to adhesives, mechanical fasteners, and ultra-sonic welding. The shape, material, relative size, and position of the pressure transfer member 516 may be varied to provide a desired feel.
  • each of the bladder subassemblies 500g includes both a pressure transfer member 516 and a bladder support backing 512, such that the air chambers 508 are sandwiched between the pressure transfer member 516 and the bladder support backing 512. In other embodiments, the bladder subassemblies 500g may not include the support backing 512.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates bladder subassemblies 500h in which the welds 520 between adjacent air chambers 508 are separated.
  • the welds 520 may be cut along their lengths after the welds 520 are formed. This permits greater flexure and displacement of each of the air chambers 508 relative to one another.
  • the air chambers 508 remain interconnected at a central hub 524.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a bladder subassembly 500i that is similar to the bladder subassembly 500h with separated welds 520.
  • the separated welds 520 permit the air chambers 508 of the bladder subassembly 500i to be positioned to overlap slightly.
  • the overlapping arrangement may provide an improved and more continuous feel when the air chambers 508 of the bladder subassembly 500i are inflated in a circular sequential pattern, for example.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a bladder subassembly 500j that includes two stacked multi-sector bladder subassemblies 528a, 528b, such as any of the bladder subassemblies 500a-i described above.
  • inlets 532 to each air chamber 508 of the respective bladder subassemblies 528a, 528b are grouped in pairs and fluidly coupled together by Y-fittings 536. In other embodiments, the inlets 532 may be coupled together by other fittings or fluid transfer components.
  • each air chamber 508 of the bladder subassembly 528a has a corresponding air chamber 508 on the bladder subassembly 582b that inflates and deflates in unison.
  • the stacked construction of the bladder subassembly 500j may thus provide greater expansion, and therefore, greater massage pressure, against a user’s body.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a bladder subassembly 500k including a body 506 with six air chambers or sectors 508a, 508b, 508c.
  • each of the air chambers 508a, 508b, 508c may be inflated and deflated individually in sequence to produce a rotary massage effect.
  • opposite air chambers 508a, 508b, 508c may be linked together in pairs (e.g., by Y-fittings or any other suitable fluid transfer arrangement) and inflated (e.g., 508a) and deflated (e.g., 508b, 508c) in sequence to produce a dual pressure point rotary passage effect.
  • multiple bladder subassemblies can be positioned in an array or group as part of the pneumatic system 10.
  • the pneumatic system 10 controls the bladders (e.g., 18, 22, 26, 30, 500a- 500k) to provide a variety of different massage effects, including translational or undulating (to include circular) pressure patterns.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate a seating system 600 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, which incorporates features and aspects of the pneumatic system 10 described above.
  • the illustrated seating system 600 includes a seat back or upper portion 61 1, a seat or lower portion 613, and a foot rest 670.
  • the pneumatic system 10 is integrated into each of the upper portion 61 1, the lower portion 613, and the foot rest 670 of the seating system 600.
  • the pneumatic system 10 may be integrated into only one or two of the upper portion 61 1, the lower portion 613, and the foot rest 670.
  • the illustrated seating system 600 is configured as a reclining massage chair.
  • the seating system 600 includes a fixed base 614.
  • the upper portion 611, the lower portion 613 and the foot rest 670 are each movable relative to the base 614 between an upright position (not shown), a reclined position (FIGS. 20-21), and, optionally, a plurality of intermediate positions between the upright position and the reclined position.
  • the relative position(s) of the upper portion 61 1, the lower portion 613, and the foot rest 670 may be adjusted together (e.g., as part of a predetermined reclining operation) or individually (e.g., in response to user inputs).
  • the illustrated pneumatic system 10 in the seating system 600 is only one possible application for the disclosed pneumatic system 10.
  • Other applications include any transportation-related seating or resting products for a driver or passenger, to include non-automotive applications not limited to aircraft or locomotive seats, as well as residential and commercial (office) furniture, bedding, and other such products in which a comforting massage effect in any portion thereof is desired.
  • the illustrated pneumatic system 10 includes four sets of bladders 630a, 630b, 630c, 63 Od in the upper portion 61 1 and a set of bladders 63 Oe in the lower portion 613.
  • the first set of bladders 630a i.e. shoulder bladders 630a
  • the second set of bladders 630b i.e. upper back bladders 630b
  • the third set of bladders 630c i.e. bolster bladders 630c
  • the fourth set of bladders 630d i.e.
  • the lower back bladders 630d is positioned in the lower back or pelvic/lumbar region of the upper portion 61 1.
  • the fifth set of bladders 630e i.e. seat bladders 530e
  • the bladders 630a-e are positioned behind a support surface (not shown) of the seating system 600 that at least partially supports an occupant. As such, that bladders 630a-e are configured to impart a massage effect to the occupant through the support surface.
  • the number and arrangement of bladders in the upper and lower portions 611, 613 of the seating system 600 may vary.
  • the sets of bladders 630a-e are positioned to anatomically align with features of a user’s body, and preferably to align with features of the user’s body that experience tension when in the user is in a seated position.
  • the following description focuses primarily on the illustrated embodiments of the sets of bladders 630a-e, it should be understood that any features and elements of the bladder subassemblies 500a-k described above could be incorporated into the sets of bladders 630a-e.
  • FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate the lower back bladders 630d.
  • the illustrated set of lower back bladders 630d includes an array of six multi-segment user-facing bladders 634, arranged in three rows and two columns.
  • a fluidic switching module 34a, 34b, 34c is associated with each of the rows of lower back bladder 630d.
  • the fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b, 34c direct air from the pneumatic source 14 to provide the user with a circular pressure pattern or massage effect applied to the user’s lower back due to the arrangement and timing of the disclosed system 10. (FIG. 22).
  • the fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b, 34c may direct air from the air source 14 to inflate a first bladder 1, then inflate a second bladder 2 while deflating the first bladder 1, then inflate a third bladder 3 while deflating the second bladder 2, then inflate the first bladder 1 while deflating the third bladder 3, and so on.
  • the user-facing bladders 634 in the respective columns can create circular pressure patterns simultaneously in opposite rotational directions 635a, 635b to produce an inward rotating sensation or an outward rotating sensation. (FIG. 22).
  • the set of lower back bladders 63 Od further includes intensity bladders 636 positioned behind the user-facing bladders 634.
  • three intensity bladders 636 are provided (one for each row of lower back bladders 630d).
  • the intensity bladders 636 are coupled to the pneumatic source 14 separately from the fluidic switching modules 34 and therefore may be controlled independently of the user-facing bladders 634 (FIG. 25).
  • the intensity bladders 636 can be inflated to provide additional intensity or pushing force against the user to enhance the feel created by the user facing bladders 634.
  • the intensity bladders 636 may be controlled in a sequential pattern to create a translating effect either independently of or in conjunction with the circular pressure patterns of the user-facing bladders 634.
  • the intensity bladders 636 may be used as a lumbar support mechanism for the seating system 600.
  • FIGS. 26 and 27 illustrate the upper back bladders 630b.
  • the illustrated set of upper back bladders 630b includes an array of twelve single-chamber user-facing bladders 640, arranged in six rows and two columns (FIG. 26).
  • each row of user-facing bladders 640 is fluidly coupled together so as to inflate and deflate as a pair.
  • Each row of user-facing bladders 640 is in communication with a fluidic switching module 34, which directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to provide the user with a translating pressure pattern applied to the user’s upper back due to the arrangement and timing of the disclosed system 10 (FIG. 27).
  • a single fluidic switching module 34 with at least six outlet ports is used; however, in other embodiments, multiple fluidic switching modules 34 with fewer outlet ports may be used.
  • each of the twelve user- facing bladders 640 may be independently controllable.
  • each of the user-facing bladders 640 have a generally triangular shape in the illustrated embodiment.
  • adjacent user-facing bladders 640 in each column are laterally offset from one another.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the user-facing bladders 640 also provides a horizontally translating pressure sensation that alternates back and forth simultaneously with the pressure sensation moving up and down.
  • the set of upper back bladders 630b further includes an intensity bladder 644 positioned behind the user-facing bladders 640.
  • the intensity bladder 644 is coupled to the pneumatic source 14 separately from the fluidic switching module 34 and therefore may be controlled independently of the user-facing bladders 640 (FIG. 29).
  • the intensity bladder 644 can be inflated to provide additional intensity or pushing force against the user to enhance the feel created by the user facing bladders 640.
  • FIGS. 30-31 illustrate the bolster bladders 630c.
  • the illustrated set of bolster bladders 630c includes an array of twelve single-chamber user- facing bladders 648, arranged in six rows and two columns (one column associated with each bolster of the seat back 612; FIG. 30).
  • each row of user-facing bladders 648 is fluidly coupled together so as to inflate and deflate as a pair.
  • Each row of user-facing bladders 648 is associated with a fluidic switching module 34, which directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to provide the user with a translating pressure pattern applied to the user’s lateral back due to the arrangement and timing of the disclosed system 10 (FIG. 31).
  • a single fluidic switching module 34 with at least six outlet ports is used; however, in other embodiments, multiple fluidic switching modules 34 with fewer outlet ports may be used.
  • each of the twelve user-facing bladders 648 may be independently controllable.
  • the user-facing bladders 648 have a generally triangular shape. In addition, adjacent user-facing bladders 648 in each column are laterally offset from one another. Accordingly, in addition to a vertically translating pressure sensation (i.e. in the directions of arrows 639a and 639b), the illustrated arrangement of the user-facing bladders 648 also provides a horizontally translating pressure sensation that alternates back and forth simultaneously with the pressure sensation moving up and down.
  • the illustrated set of bolster bladders 630c further includes an intensity bladder 652 positioned behind each column of the user-facing bladders 648.
  • the intensity bladder 652 is coupled to the pneumatic source 14 separately from the fluidic switching module 34 and therefore may be controlled independently of the user-facing bladders 648.
  • the intensity bladder 652 can be inflated to provide additional intensity or pushing force against the user to enhance the feel created by the user- facing bladders 648. In other embodiments, the intensity bladder 652 may be omitted.
  • FIGS. 32-33 illustrate the shoulder bladders 630a.
  • the illustrated set of shoulder bladders 630a includes an array of twelve single-chamber user-facing bladders 656, arranged in two rows and six columns.
  • each column of user- facing bladders 656 is fluidly coupled together so as to inflate and deflate as a pair.
  • the rows of user- facing bladders 656 are stacked in a front-rear direction of the seat back 612. The stacked construction may provide greater expansion, and therefore, greater massage pressure, against the user’s shoulders.
  • the user-facing bladders 656 have a generally rectangular or elongated shape.
  • the columns of user-facing bladders 656 are separated into two lateral groups of three columns, corresponding with the user’s left and right shoulders, respectively, with a gap between the two groups for the user’s neck.
  • Each column of user-facing bladders 656 is associated with a fluidic switching module 34, which directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to provide the user with a translating pressure pattern applied to the user’s shoulders due to the arrangement and timing of the disclosed system 10.
  • the user- facing bladders 656 may be controlled in a cycle including an inward translating sensation against the user’s shoulders, followed by an outward translating sensation, or vice versa.
  • the set of shoulder bladders 630a further includes an intensity bladder 660 positioned behind each lateral group of the user-facing bladders 656.
  • the intensity bladders 660 are coupled to the pneumatic source 14 separately from the fluidic switching module 34 and therefore may be controlled independently of the user-facing bladders 656.
  • the intensity bladders 660 can be inflated to provide additional intensity or pushing force against the user to enhance the feel created by the user-facing bladders 656.
  • FIG. 36 illustrates the footrest assembly 670 of the seating system 600.
  • the footrest assembly 670 includes first and second sets of paddle actuators 674a, 674b.
  • Each of the paddle actuators 674a, 674b includes one or more bladders (not shown), which can be controlled to move the paddle actuators 674a, 674b inward and outward to provide an upward or downward squeezing effect on a user’s calves.
  • One or more additional bladders may be located behind a support surface 675 of the footrest assembly 670 between each of the sets of paddle actuators 674a, 674b.
  • the additional bladders provide a translating or kneading effect along the user’ s calves.
  • FIG. 37-39 illustrate a seating system 600' according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, which incorporates features and aspects of the pneumatic system 10 described above.
  • the illustrated seating system 600' is a vehicular seating system configured for use as a driver’s seat or passenger’s seat in an automobile, for example.
  • the seating system 600' is similar to the seating system 600 described above, and features and elements of the seating system 600' corresponding with features and elements of the seating system 600 are given identical reference numbers appended by a prime symbol (').
  • the following description focuses primarily on differences between the seating system 600' and the seating system 600.
  • the seating system 600' includes an upper portion or seat back 61 G.
  • the pneumatic system 10 is integrated into the upper portion 61 1'.
  • the seating system 600' also includes a lower portion or seat that may also include components of the pneumatic system 10.
  • the illustrated pneumatic system 10 includes two sets of bladders 630b' (i.e. upper back bladders) and 630d' (i.e. lower back bladders) in the upper portion 61 G.
  • the upper back bladders 630b 1 are positioned in the upper back region of the upper portion 61
  • the lower back bladders 630d' are positioned in the lower back or pelvic/lumbar region of the upper portion 61 1'.
  • the lower back bladders 630d' includes user-facing bladders 634' that may be positioned either in front of (FIG. 38) or behind (FIG. 39) support material 64 G in the upper portion 61 1' of the seating system 600'.
  • the support material 64 G may include, for example, foam, a wire grid, a flex mat, or any other support material that may be used in a seating system.
  • the set of lower back bladders 630d' further includes intensity bladders 636' positioned behind the user- facing bladders 634'. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 38, the intensity bladders 636' and the user-facing bladders 634' are on opposite sides of the support material 641'.
  • the intensity bladders 636' and the user-facing bladders 634' are both positioned behind the support material 641'.
  • the intensity bladders 636' can be inflated to provide additional intensity or pushing force against the user to enhance the feel created by the user-facing bladders 634'.
  • the pneumatic system 10 for the seating system 600' includes a fluidic switching module 34 coupled to each of the plurality of user-facing bladders 634' for directing air from the pressurized air source 14 to the respective bladders 634'.
  • the intensity bladders 636' are coupled to the pressurized air source 14 separately from the fluidic switching module 34.
  • a valve module 35 is provided, which enables individual control of each of the intensity bladders 636'.
  • the intensity bladders 636' may be controlled in a sequential pattern to create a translating effect either independently of or in conjunction with circular pressure patterns of the user-facing bladders 634'.
  • the intensity bladders 636' may be used as a lumbar support mechanism for the seating system 600'.
  • FIGS. 41-46 illustrate exemplary pneumatic control schemes for operating the pneumatic system 10 with multiple fluidic switching modules 34.
  • an adjustment device 36 in the form of an air direction valve 36 is disposed between the pneumatic source 14 and two fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b.
  • Air exhaust lines 704a, 704b couple each of the fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b to the air direction valve 36.
  • pressure from the pneumatic source 14 is directed by the valve 36 to the first fluidic switching module 34a, which provides air to inflate a plurality of bladders 708 (such as any of the bladders described herein) in sequence, as described above with reference to FIGS. 11A-E.
  • the first fluidic switching module 34a exhausts the air through the exhaust line 704a and to the valve 36.
  • valve 36 This actuates the valve 36 to a second position, which then directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to the second fluidic switching module 34b.
  • the second fluidic switching module 34b provides air to inflate a second plurality of bladders 712 in sequence, and then exhausts the air through the exhaust line 704b and to the valve 36. This actuates the valve 36 back to its starting position, and the process repeats.
  • the exhaust lines 704a, 704b are replaced by feedback lines.
  • the feedback lines perform the same function as exhaust lines 704a, 704b but do not move a substantial volume of air out of the associated fluidic switching module 34a, 34b.
  • the fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b may exhaust air along other flow pathways.
  • FIG. 42 illustrates a pneumatic control scheme according to another embodiment that is similar to the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 41.
  • the air direction valve 36 is replaced by one or more electronically-actuated valves 36'.
  • a separate bladder 715 (such as one of the intensity bladders described above) is also in fluid communication with the solenoid-actuated valve.
  • FIGS. 43-46 illustrate a pneumatic control scheme according to another embodiment that is similar to the embodiments described and illustrated above with reference to FIGS. 41-42.
  • three fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b, 34c are coupled to the pneumatic source 14 in series, via two adjustment devices 36a, 36b.
  • each of the fluidic switching modules 34a, 34b, 34c includes a respective air exhaust line 704a, 704b, 704c.
  • the first air exhaust line 704a and the third air exhaust line 704c are coupled to the first adjustment device 36a, and the second air exhaust line 704b is coupled to the second adjustment device 36a.
  • pressure from the pneumatic source 14 is directed by the first adjustment device 36a to the first fluidic switching module 34a, which provides air to inflate a plurality of bladders 708 (such as any of the bladders described herein) in sequence, as described above with reference to FIGS. 11 A-E.
  • the first fluidic switching module 34a After inflating the last of the plurality of bladders 708, the first fluidic switching module 34a exhausts the air through the exhaust line 704a and to the first adjustment device 36a. This actuates the adjustment device 36a to a second position (FIG. 44), which then directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to the second fluidic switching module 34b.
  • the second fluidic switching module 34b provides air to inflate a second plurality of bladders 712 in sequence, and then exhausts the air through the exhaust line 704b and to the second adjustment device 36b. This actuates the second adjustment device 36b to a second position (FIG. 45), which then directs air from the pneumatic source 14 to the third fluidic switching module 34c.
  • the third fluidic switching module 34c provides air to inflate a third plurality of bladders 716 in sequence, and the exhausts the air through the third exhaust line 704c. This actuates the first adjustment device 36a back to its first position (FIG. 46), and the process repeats.
  • multiple fluidic switching modules 34 can be coupled together in series using one or more adjustment devices 36 to control sequential inflation and deflation of any desired number and arrangement of bladders.
  • the pneumatic system 10 is operable such that the occupant senses a translational or an undulating (to include circular) pressure pattern due to the arrangement and timing of the disclosed system.
  • This pattern is not one of“poking” or “tapping” but is instead a smooth and continuous application of pressure that may be pre- programmed into the system and responsive to the presence of a seat occupant (e.g., through a sensed pressure load and thereafter automatically modifiable based on occupant size, weight, and positioning), or it may be completely user definable and adjustable in real-time - either locally or in some applications tied into an“intelligent” control system and controllable via a smartphone or other application-based technology.
  • This sequential massage function may also be configured such that the massaging effect will continue until the source of pressurized air is removed.
  • a massage cycle can be steady and continuous but in others the cycle may be discontinuous or further still random, for all or only part of a user’s interaction with the seating surface.
  • the discontinuity or the randomness may be based on differing inflation/deflation times or rates among certain chambers (adjacent or non-adjacent) resulting from duration differences between chambers.
  • first alternating chambers could be inflated to a maximum inflation for two seconds while second alternating chambers could be inflated to a maximum inflation for one second. Variations may also be accomplished through flow restrictors or adjusters in certain flow conduits (supply or exhaust). As previously described, such differences may be automatic and pre-programmed into the system, or they may be user adjustable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Passenger Equipment (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
PCT/CA2019/000030 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 Pneumatic massage system WO2019169471A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19764160.8A EP3761938A4 (de) 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 Pneumatisches massagesystem
CN201980017369.4A CN111818894B (zh) 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 气动按摩系统
JP2020546336A JP7065992B2 (ja) 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 空気圧マッサージシステム
CN202310094148.5A CN115990104A (zh) 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 气动按摩系统
US17/009,018 US11883358B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2020-09-01 Pneumatic massage system

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201862638828P 2018-03-05 2018-03-05
US62/638,828 2018-03-05
US16/116,433 2018-08-29
US16/116,433 US11432995B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2018-08-29 Pneumatic massage
US201862747470P 2018-10-18 2018-10-18
US62/747,470 2018-10-18

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US16/116,433 Continuation-In-Part US11432995B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2018-08-29 Pneumatic massage

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US17/009,018 Continuation US11883358B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2020-09-01 Pneumatic massage system

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CN113274267A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-20 汪勇波 一种用于支具的多腔气囊、多模式控制系统及方法

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JP2021514777A (ja) 2021-06-17
EP3761938A4 (de) 2021-12-01
CN115990104A (zh) 2023-04-21
EP3761938A1 (de) 2021-01-13
JP7065992B2 (ja) 2022-05-12
CN111818894B (zh) 2023-02-21

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