WO2019158009A1 - 包含磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸的复合肥料 - Google Patents

包含磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸的复合肥料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019158009A1
WO2019158009A1 PCT/CN2019/074613 CN2019074613W WO2019158009A1 WO 2019158009 A1 WO2019158009 A1 WO 2019158009A1 CN 2019074613 W CN2019074613 W CN 2019074613W WO 2019158009 A1 WO2019158009 A1 WO 2019158009A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
polyglutamic acid
ammonium phosphate
compound fertilizer
magnesium ammonium
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PCT/CN2019/074613
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
仲汉根
季红进
张明
罗莉娟
王莹
王英
韦建峰
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江苏辉丰生物技术有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏辉丰生物技术有限公司 filed Critical 江苏辉丰生物技术有限公司
Priority to US16/969,606 priority Critical patent/US20210017094A1/en
Priority to MX2020008406A priority patent/MX2020008406A/es
Priority to EP19754828.2A priority patent/EP3753914B1/en
Priority to BR112020016309-0A priority patent/BR112020016309A2/pt
Priority to UAA202005365A priority patent/UA127417C2/uk
Priority to CA3090907A priority patent/CA3090907C/en
Priority to AU2019222024A priority patent/AU2019222024B2/en
Priority to EA202091911A priority patent/EA202091911A1/ru
Publication of WO2019158009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019158009A1/zh
Priority to CONC2020/0010928A priority patent/CO2020010928A2/es

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B9/00—Fertilisers based essentially on phosphates or double phosphates of magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemical fertilizers and relates to a functional compound fertilizer, in particular to a compound fertilizer comprising magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid.
  • Magnesium ammonium phosphate commonly known as struvite, was originally found in bird droppings. It is a white inorganic crystal mineral, orthorhombic, and the crystal is often axisy, wedge-shaped, short-column or thick. The relative density is 1.71, the relative molecular mass is 245.43, the solubility in cold water is very low, it is soluble in hot water and dilute acid, insoluble in ethanol, and decomposed in alkali solution. Magnesium ammonium phosphate has low solubility and does not damage crop roots. It can meet the nutrient requirements of crops in different periods, promote crop growth, enhance crop disease resistance, increase the yield and quality of fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc., and make the fruits of crops bright. It is mellow, nutritious and reduces environmental pollution. Many scholars have shown that magnesium ammonium phosphate is an excellent slow-release fertilizer and has a good effect in agricultural applications.
  • ⁇ -poly-glutamic acid is also known as natto gum or polyglutamic acid. It is a water-soluble, biodegradable, non-toxic, organism produced by microbial fermentation. Polymer. Polyglutamic acid is a kind of homo-amino acid formed by glutamic acid monomer polymerization through amide bond. It has excellent biodegradability, super-adsorption, non-toxicity, etc. It is reduced by adding it to compound fertilizer. Fertilizer nutrient loss, improve fertilizer utilization, regulate plant growth and other multiple effects. It has significant application effects on rice, wheat, corn, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and other plants, which can significantly increase crop yield.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a safe and environmentally friendly compound fertilizer in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the inventors have found that polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate have a significant synergistic effect in promoting plant growth and increasing crop yield. At the same time, the two have a good complementarity in providing nutrient absorption and utilization for crops.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a composite fertilizer comprising polyglutamic acid and ammonium ammonium phosphate and its use in promoting plant growth and increasing crop yield in the agricultural field.
  • the object of the invention can be achieved by the following measures:
  • a compound fertilizer comprising two functional components of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate.
  • the weight ratio between the two components of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate is from 1:100 to 10,000. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio may be further preferably from 1:150 to 8,000 in order to make the effect more apparent.
  • the present invention can be applied as a trace element fertilizer, and the weight ratio of polyglutamic acid to magnesium ammonium phosphate is from 1:100 to 1200, preferably from 200 to 1,000.
  • the weight ratio of polyglutamic acid to magnesium ammonium phosphate is from 1:1000 to 10,000, preferably from 1:1,500 to 8,000.
  • a microbial agent or a mixture of one or more known microorganisms may be added in the present invention.
  • suitable microorganisms include, but are not limited to, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizobium, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, preferably Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum.
  • the total number of effective viable cells is more than 0.2 billion / gram, in order to further improve the use effect, it is preferred that the total number of effective viable bacteria of the microorganism is more than 200 million / gram, and further preferably the total number of viable bacteria of the microorganism is more than 1 billion /g.
  • the composite fertilizer containing polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate contains organic matter.
  • the organic matter content is greater than 8%, preferably greater than 20%.
  • Suitable organic matter includes, but is not limited to, one of cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, humic acid, lipids, asphaltenes, resins and gums, tannins, terpenes, vitamins, terpenes, and humus. a mixture of more than one substance.
  • fertilizers containing organic substances such as livestock and poultry manure, municipal waste organic matter, sludge, straw, wood chips, food processing waste, etc.
  • organic-containing substances grass charcoal, weathered coal, lignite, humic acid, etc.
  • trace element fertilizer When the invention is applied as a trace element fertilizer, other large, medium or trace elements may be added in combination. Different types or amounts of trace elements are added or mixed according to different crop growth needs and soil moisture.
  • the trace elements are essential nutrients for plant growth, including sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, and nickel.
  • some plants also need Silicon, sodium, and cobalt are called beneficial elements.
  • the potassium fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium rock salt, potassium magnesium salt, carnallite, potassium nitrate or kiln ash potassium fertilizer, etc., preferably potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the manganese fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, manganese sulfate, manganese chloride or organic chelated manganese.
  • the ferritic fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, inorganic iron fertilizer, organic iron fertilizer or chelated iron fertilizer.
  • Suitable inorganic iron fertilizers may comprise ferrous sulfate, iron sulphate, iron oxide, ferrous carbonate or ferrous ammonium phosphate monohydrate;
  • suitable organic iron fertilizers include hexauronate trisodium or fulvic acid diamine iron.
  • the copper fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, copper sulfate, cuprous oxide, chelated copper or copper-containing slag, and the like.
  • the boron fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, borax or boric acid.
  • the zinc fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc nitride or chelated zinc, preferably zinc sulfate.
  • the sulphur fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, potassium sulphate or sulfuric acid, and the sulphur fertilizer may comprise ammonium thiosulfate, sulphur-urea or liquid sulphur dioxide.
  • the cobalt fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride or a chelated cobalt fertilizer (eg, humic acid-chelating cobalt fertilizer, fulvic acid-chelating cobalt fertilizer, sugar alcohol type cobalt fertilizer, etc.).
  • a chelated cobalt fertilizer eg, humic acid-chelating cobalt fertilizer, fulvic acid-chelating cobalt fertilizer, sugar alcohol type cobalt fertilizer, etc.
  • the silicon fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, silicon ore, silicate or a cerium-soluble mineral fertilizer mainly composed of calcium silicate.
  • the calcium fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, lime (including quicklime, slaked lime, limestone powder, etc.) or calcium phosphate fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, and some nitrogen and calcium fertilizers such as calcium nitrate, lime nitrogen, etc., and may also be white clouds. Stone (including complex calcium salts of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate) and calcined products thereof (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide).
  • Polyglutamic acid is mainly composed of D-glutamic acid and L-glutamic acid by amide bond polymerization. Due to different polymerization methods, polyglutamic acid mainly contains two configurations: ⁇ -polyglutamic acid. (by ⁇ -amide bond polymerization, ⁇ -PGA) and ⁇ -polyglutamic acid (polymerization by ⁇ -amide bond, ⁇ -PGA), the polyglutamic acid form of the present invention is ⁇ -polyglutamic acid, In the present invention, it is simply referred to as "polyglutamic acid" (the structural formula is as follows).
  • the polyglutamic acid in the present invention may be a ⁇ -polyglutamic acid solution, or a pure ⁇ -polyglutamic acid or a salt thereof, or a fermentation culture containing ⁇ -polyglutamic acid, or may contain a powder of ⁇ -polyglutamic acid of a fermenting agent; ⁇ - contained therein
  • the polyglutamic acid has an average molecular weight of ⁇ -polyglutamic acid of 20 to 3000 KDa, preferably a ⁇ -polyglutamic acid solution.
  • the inventors found through experiments that a compound fertilizer containing a combination of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate can better regulate the growth of crops, promote the health effects of crops, and increase crop yield.
  • the present invention provides the use of a composition comprising component A (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and component B (polyglutamic acid) to modulate the growth of crops in the agricultural sector, particularly in applications for increasing crop yield.
  • component A magnesium ammonium phosphate
  • component B polyglutamic acid
  • the combination of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate has hydrophilicity and water retention property, and can form a film on the surface layer of the root hair of the plant, thereby protecting the root hair on the one hand, and slowing the loss of fertilizer on the other hand, and effectively balancing the soil acid and alkali. value.
  • polyglutamic acid is a biodegradable polypeptide macromolecular polymer, which is safe and environmentally friendly. In the natural soil environment, it can be gradually degraded by microorganisms into glutamic acid required for plant growth regulation, effectively promoting crops. Growth, disease resistance growth, quality improvement and production.
  • composition of the present invention can also be used in combination with other pesticides (such as fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators), fertilizers, etc., and these are mixed with Commonly used pesticides or fertilizers disclosed in the art.
  • pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators
  • fertilizers etc.
  • the composite fertilizer of the present invention has a solid shape. Depending on the subject to be administered, it may be processed into a granule, flake, granule or powder form, preferably in the form of granules and powder.
  • the method comprises the steps of: 1) pulverizing ammonium magnesium phosphate to 20-70 mesh; 2) granulating and drying the pulverized ammonium magnesium phosphate; 3) according to polyglutamic acid
  • the polyglutamic acid solution is uniformly sprayed with a magnesium phosphate ammonium 1:50 to 15000 weight ratio (preferably 1:100 to 10000); 4) the fertilizer particles are dried; 5) quantitatively packed to obtain a granular composite fertilizer.
  • the above microbial inoculant may be added to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer, and the specific processing method is: 1) pulverizing ammonium magnesium phosphate to 10-70 mesh; 2) pulverizing ammonium phosphate Magnesium granulation drying and cooling; 3) uniformly spraying polyglutamic acid solution according to a weight ratio of polyglutamic acid to magnesium ammonium phosphate 1:50 to 15000 (preferably 1:100 to 10000); 4) being purchased or cultured a microbial agent or more than one microbial agent in Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizobium, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Paecilomyces lilacin, and the microbial agent and polyglutamic acid-ammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed.
  • the magnesium granules are mixed and stirred evenly, so that the effective viable bacteria per gram of fertilizer is not less than 0.2 billion (preferably not less than 200 million per gram of fertilizer); 5) drying fertilizer granules; 6) quantitative packaging, Granular composite microbial fertilizer.
  • the organic matter may be added after the step 4, the organic matter content is higher than 8%, and the organic matter is preferably cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, and humic acid.
  • the organic matter may be added after the step 3, the organic matter content is higher than 8%, and the organic matter is preferably cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, and humic acid.
  • a proper amount of a large amount of elements, medium elements and trace elements can be added to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer, and the specific processing methods are: 1) according to the crop Need to, choose the right amount of a large number of elements, medium elements or trace elements, and pulverize to 10-70 mesh with ammonium ammonium phosphate; 2) Add the pulverized raw materials to the feed port, set the material ratio, mix according to a certain ratio Granulation, granulation, drying and cooling; 3) uniform spraying of polyglutamic acid solution according to the weight ratio of polyglutamic acid to magnesium ammonium phosphate 1:100-10000; 4) purchased or cultured Bacillus subtilis, Hartsmu One or more microbial agents of mold, rhizobium, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Paecilomyces lilacin are used alone or mixed, and the microbial agent and the polyglutamic acid-mag
  • the organic matter may also be added after the step 4, the organic matter content is higher than 8%, and the organic matter is preferably cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, humic acid.
  • the organic matter may also be added after the step 4, the organic matter content is higher than 8%, and the organic matter is preferably cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, humic acid.
  • the combination of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate in the composition of the present invention has a synergistic lifting effect, and the specific performance is as follows: 1.
  • the present invention can improve the balance of acidic soil. Traditional nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are mostly acidic fertilizers. Long-term application will increase the acidity of the soil and cause crop yield reduction or deficiency.
  • the combination of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate can effectively reduce the nitrogen leaching loss of the soil and has the effect of alleviating soil acidification.
  • Polyglutamate slow control can significantly reduce the nitrogen leaching loss of ammonium ammonium phosphate, N 2 O release can be significantly reduced, can provide more durable and effective nutrients for plant growth, and make magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitate
  • the release of NH 3 -N was slow, and the leaching amount of NH 3 -N showed a gradual decline.
  • the amount of ammonium phosphate and phosphorus in the ammonium phosphate is significantly lower than that of other fertilizers, especially nitrogen leaching, and the pH of the soil is increased, which can increase the pH value of the soil; 2. Water-in-water fertilizer, fertilizer and water To reduce water and fertilizer loss and improve the stress resistance of crops; 3. Chelate trace elements.
  • the utilization rate of conventional fertilizer is not high.
  • polyglutamic acid By adding polyglutamic acid, the absorption and utilization of magnesium ammonium phosphate can be improved by the crop; 4.
  • the photosynthesis efficiency of the plant is improved.
  • the fertilizer of the invention can increase the leaf area of the crop, thereby increasing the photosynthesis efficiency of the crop leaves; 5, having a good slow release and slow control effect.
  • Magnesium ammonium phosphate itself has a certain sustained release property
  • polyglutamic acid itself is also a good sustained release agent. By combining polyglutamic acid with magnesium ammonium phosphate, it can better regulate the sustained release of magnesium ammonium phosphate. The combination of the two has a good environmental effect.
  • the experimental variety Yunyan PVH1452 was tested in the second group of Hetou Village, Longshan Town, Longling County, Yunnan province, with medium fertility, pH 5.31, organic matter 3.51%, available nitrogen 121.5 mg/kg, available phosphorus 35.18 mg/kg, and available potassium 82.6 mg/ Kg, quick-acting zinc 1.8mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 640mg/kg, exchangeable magnesium 24.2mg/kg.
  • the compound fertilizer of the invention uses 10 kg per mu
  • the control fertilizer ammonium phosphate uses 10 kg per mu
  • the polyglutamic acid is 10 g, 50 g, 100 g per acre.
  • the area of the plot is 40m 2 and the row spacing is 1.0m*0.4m. There are protection lines around the community.
  • the compound fertilizer of the present invention is applied once with other base fertilizers.
  • the leaf color and growth of the tobacco seedlings were observed 12 days after transplanting, and the leaf thickness, the number of effective leaves per plant, the single leaf weight of fresh leaves, and the proportion of superior tobacco were observed.
  • 15 representative tobacco plants were selected and labeled as observation strains. Each plant was labeled with 4 lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves for investigation of biological characteristics.
  • Fresh weight; the number of effective leaves per plant was investigated before the initial roasting. The marked leaves and non-marked leaves in each cell are harvested, baked, and graded, respectively. The number of harvested plants was investigated before the initial roasting and used for statistical yield. After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the fresh weight is weighed and then baked. When grading, the weight and number of leaves of each grade are recorded in time.
  • Blade thickness relative to conventional (CK) blade thickness.
  • test site was a Sanqi planting base in Gumu Town, Wenshan City, Yunnan province. Medium soil fertility, pH 5.54, organic matter 9.42mg/kg, available nitrogen 112.4mg/kg, available phosphorus 14.35mg/kg, available potassium 65.2mg/kg, available zinc 2.1mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 523mg/kg, exchangeability Magnesium 15.6 mg / kg.
  • the compound fertilizer of the invention uses 100 kg per mu
  • the control fertilizer ammonium phosphate uses 100 kg per acre
  • the polyglutamic acid is 15 g, 30 g, 60 g per acre, respectively, and other nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are no longer applied.
  • Regular potassium fertilizer and conventional trace element fertilizer are used later. Random block design, 3 repetitions.
  • the area of the plot is 20m 2 (4m*5m).
  • the fertilizer of the present invention is mixed with a conventional fertilizer and then applied.
  • Dry weight ratio (%) dry weight / fresh product weight * 100%
  • the experiment was carried out at an organic alfalfa planting base in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, Ningxia.
  • the soil pH value was 5.41
  • the organic matter content was 3.13%
  • the total nitrogen content was 0.216%
  • the total phosphorus content was 0.16%
  • the total potassium content was 6.52%
  • the available nitrogen content was 47.31 mg/kg
  • the available phosphorus content was 11.23 mg/kg
  • the available potassium content was 167.32. Mg/kg.
  • the test cultivar was 'Ningjing No.7', with a tree age of 5a and a row spacing of 2m. The overall tree potential was relatively balanced.
  • the base fertilizer is applied by an annular groove (that is, an annular groove of 70 cm wide and 60 cm deep is excavated 40 cm from the root neck of the tree), and is applied together with other conventional fertilizers.
  • 50 kg of the fertilizer of the invention was applied per acre.
  • the control treatment of magnesium ammonium phosphate was applied 50 kg per mu, and the polyglutamic acid was applied 50 g, 100 g, 200 g per mu, and the microbial agents were Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and Bacillus subtilis + Harbin trichoderma.
  • the agent is used alone for 50 kg (the effective viable count is more than 2 billion / g).
  • the experimental site was selected in an orangery in Huashu Township, Kecheng District, Zhangzhou City, Zhejiang province.
  • the pH of the tested soil was 5.7, the organic matter was 12.4 mg/kg, the total nitrogen was 2.6 mg/kg, the available phosphorus was 12.1 mg/kg, and the available potassium was 101 mg/kg.
  • the test crop variety is “Red Beauty”. The test was set up with four treatments and three repetitions. There are 5 citrus trees in each district with an area of 40m 2 .
  • the fertilizer of the invention is applied 6kg/s, the ammonium ammonium phosphate is applied 6kg/single alone, and the polyglutamic acid is applied separately for 0.5g/s, 1.0g/s, 1.5g/s, and the microbial agent Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and Bacillus subtilis + Harbin's Trichoderma mixture were used alone for 6 kg / tree (effective viable count more than 2 billion / gram). In addition to fertilization, other field management is consistent. Observe the growth in citrus growth and determine citrus yield, quality and disease.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸的复合肥料，聚谷氨酸和磷酸铵镁的重量比1:100～10000，优选1：200～8000。试验结果表明，本发明的复合肥料可很好的调节作物生长，提高抗病抗逆性，促进作物健康作用，提高作物产量。

Description

包含磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸的复合肥料 技术领域
本发明属于农业化肥技术领域，涉及一种功能性复合肥料，具体地说是涉及一种包含磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸的复合肥料。
背景技术
磷酸铵镁(magnesium ammonium phosphate)因最早发现于鸟粪中而俗称为鸟粪石，是白色无机晶体矿物，斜方晶系，晶体常呈轴状、楔状、短柱状或厚板状。相对密度为1.71，相对分子质量为245.43，在冷水中溶解度很低，易溶于热水和稀酸，不溶于乙醇，遇碱溶液分解。磷酸铵镁溶解性小，不伤作物根系，能够满足作物不同时期的养分需求，促进作物生长，增强作物抗病能力，提高瓜果、蔬菜、花卉等的产量和品质，使作物的果实色泽鲜艳，味道醇美，营养丰富，并能减少环境污染。众多学者研究表明，磷酸铵镁是一种优良的缓释肥料，在农业应用上有着良好的效果。
聚谷氨酸(γ-poly-glutamic acid，简称γ-PGA)又称纳豆胶、多聚谷氨酸，它是一种水溶性，生物降解，不含毒性，使用微生物发酵法制得的生物高分子。聚谷氨酸是由谷氨酸单体通过酰胺键聚合而成的一类均聚氨基酸，具有极佳的生物可降解性、超强吸附、无毒等优点，将其加入复合肥中具有减少肥料养分流失，提高肥料利用率、调节植物生长等多重功效。在水稻、小麦、玉米、蔬菜、果树、花卉等植物上均具有显著应用效果，可以显著提高作物产量。
目前，农业作物种植过程中，由于长期不合理的肥料、农药使用，比如施用单质高氮、高磷等化学来调节作物生长，提高作物产量，以及长期施用化学含磷农药，使土壤中存在的单一养分浓度过高，不仅造成土壤中物相反应存量过大，而且在土壤中产生有害物质，并且成为造成部分地区土壤板结的主要因素，导致作物产量反而下降，农产品质量降低，违背了土壤生态环境的自然发展规律，因此创制新型肥料，合理施用肥料，提高肥料综合利用效率，激活土壤生命，是肥料产业实现可持续发展的重要手段。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种安全环保的复合肥料。发明人发现，聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两者之间在促进植物生长和提高作物产量方面具有显著的协同提高作用。同时两者在为作物提供养分吸收和利用方面，两者具有很好的互补作用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁复合肥料的制备方法及其在农业领域促进植物生长和提高作物产量方面的应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到：
一种复合肥料，包含聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两种功能性组分。聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两组分之间的重量比为1:100～10000。在一种优选方案中，为使作用效果更明显两者重量比可进一步优选为1：150～8000。
进一步，根据本发明的使用用途，本发明可作为微量元素肥料施用，聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁的重量比为1：100～1200，优选200～1000。作为基肥或追肥使用时，聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁的重量比为1：1000～10000，优选1：1500～8000。
在本发明的一种技术方案中，为提高肥料效果，活化土壤，本发明中可添加一种微生物菌剂或一种以上已知的微生物菌混合物。合适的微生物包含但不限于选择枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌、淡紫拟青霉，优选枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌。本发明中，有效活菌数总量大于0.2亿/克，为进一步提高使用效果，优选微生物菌有效活菌数总量大于2亿/克，进一步优选微生物菌有效活菌数总量大于10亿/克。
进一步，在含有聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁的复合肥料中含有有机质。有机质含量大于8％，优选高于20％。合适的有机质包括但不限于纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、腐殖酸、类脂物质、沥青质、树脂和树胶、单宁、甾类、维生素、萜类和腐殖质等物质中的一种或一种以上物质的混合物。或者含有有机物质的肥料(如畜禽粪便、城市垃圾有机物、污泥、秸秆、木屑、食品加工废料等)以及含有机质的物质(草炭、风化煤、褐煤、腐殖酸等)，也可以加入微生物菌剂或刺激生长的物质，如尿素等。
本发明作为微量元素肥料施用时，可复合添加其它一些大量、中量或微量元素。根据不同作物长势需求和土壤墒情添加或混合施用不同种类或数量不等的微量元素。
本发明中，所述微量元素是指植物生长必不可少的营养元素，包括硫、钾、钙、铁、锰、锌、铜、硼、钼、氯、镍11种，此外，有些植物还需要硅、钠、钴，被称为有益元素。
所述钾素肥料包含但不限于氯化钾、硫酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、钾石盐、钾镁盐、光卤石、硝酸钾或窑灰钾肥等，优选磷酸二氢钾。
所述锰素肥料包含但不限于有硫酸锰、氯化锰或有机螯合锰等。
所述铁素肥料包含但不限于无机铁肥、有机铁肥或螯合铁肥。适合的无机铁肥可包含硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、氧化铁、碳酸亚铁或一水合磷酸亚铁铵；适合的有机铁肥包含三硝酸六尿 素合铁或黄腐酸二胺铁。
所述铜素肥料包含但不限于硫酸铜，氧化亚铜、螯合太铜或含铜矿渣等。
所述硼素肥料包含但不限于硼砂或硼酸。
所述锌素肥料包含但不限于硫酸锌、氧化锌、氮化锌或螯合态锌，优选硫酸锌。
所述硫素肥料包含但不限于硫酸铵、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾或硫化肥，硫化肥可包含硫代硫酸铵、硫磺-尿素或液态二氧化硫。
所述钴素肥料包含但不限于硫酸钴、氯化钴或螯合态钴肥(如腐殖酸-螯合钴肥、黄腐酸-螯合钴肥、糖醇型钴肥等)。
所述硅素肥料包含但不限于硅矿石、硅酸盐或含硅酸钙为主的枸溶性矿物肥料。所述钙素肥料包含但不限于石灰(包括生石灰、熟石灰和石灰石粉等)或钙磷肥，如钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙等和部分氮钙肥如硝酸钙、石灰氮等，也可以为白云石(包括碳酸钙和碳酸镁的复合钙盐)及其煅烧产物(氧化钙和氢氧化钙)。
这些大量元素、中量元素或微量元素根据作物特点、土壤墒情、环境特点来综合考虑添加，这些元素的应用技术均为行业内公开技术。
聚谷氨酸(PGA)主要是由D-谷氨酸和L-谷氨酸通过酰胺键聚合而成，由于聚合方式不同，聚谷氨酸主要包含两种构型：α-聚谷氨酸(通过α-酰胺键聚合，α-PGA)和γ-聚谷氨酸(通过γ-酰胺键聚合，γ-PGA)，本发明中的聚谷氨酸形式为γ-聚谷氨酸，在本发明中简称为“聚谷氨酸”(其结构式如下)。
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000001
γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的结构
本发明中的聚谷氨酸可以为γ-聚谷氨酸溶液，或γ-聚谷氨酸纯品或其盐纯品，也可以为包含γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵培养物，或含有发酵菌剂的γ-聚谷氨酸的粉体；以其中所含的γ-
聚谷氨酸计，γ-聚谷氨酸的平均分子量为20-3000KDa，优选γ-聚谷氨酸溶液。
发明人通过试验发现，含有聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁的组合而成的复合肥料可以更好的调节作物的生长，促进作物的健康作用，提高作物的产量。
本发明提供了包含组分A(磷酸铵镁)和组分B(聚谷氨酸)的组合物在农业领域调节农作物生长的用途，尤其是在提高作物产量中的用途效果显著。
本发明中，聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁结合具有亲水、保水性能，能在植株根毛表层形成一层薄膜，一方面保护根毛，另一方面可减缓肥料流失，同时可有效平衡土壤酸碱值。同时组合 物中，聚谷氨酸是生物可降解型聚肽类大分子聚合物，安全环保，在自然界土壤环境中，能被微生物逐步降解为植物生长调节所需要的谷氨酸，有效促进作物生长，抗病增长，提质增产。
为充分发挥本发明的优势效果，本发明的组合物还可以与其他农药(如杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂)、肥料等混合使用，这些与之混用的均为现有技术公开的常用的农药或肥料。
本发明的复合肥料形态为固体形状。根据施用对象不同，可加工成颗粒状、片状、微粒状或粉末状形态，优选颗粒状和粉末状。
在本发明其中一种加工技术方案中，包括如下步骤：1)将磷酸铵镁粉碎至20-70目；2)将粉碎后的磷酸铵镁造粒烘干冷却；3)按照聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁1:50～15000重量比(优选为1:100～10000)均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；4)烘干肥料颗粒；5)定量包装，得颗粒状复合肥料。
也可以，1)将磷酸铵镁粉碎至20-70目；2)将聚谷氨酸与粉碎后的磷酸铵镁1:50～15000重量比(优选为1:100～10000)均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；3)烘干；4)定量包装，得粉剂复合肥料。
在本发明的另外一种加工技术方案中，可加入上述微生物菌剂，得到复合微生物肥料，具体加工方法是：1)将磷酸铵镁粉碎至10-70目；2)将粉碎后的磷酸铵镁造粒烘干冷却；3)按照聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁1:50～15000重量比(优选为1:100～10000)均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；4)将外购或培养的枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌、淡紫拟青霉中的一种微生物菌剂或一种以上的微生物菌剂混合均匀，将微生物菌剂与聚谷氨酸-磷酸铵镁颗粒剂混合搅拌均匀，使最终每克肥料中有效活菌数不低于0.2亿个(优选每克肥料中不低于2亿个)；5)烘干肥料颗粒；6)定量包装，得颗粒状复合微生物肥料。
上述加工技术方案中，也可在步骤4后面加入有机质，有机质含量高于8％，有机质优选纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、腐殖酸。
一种加工技术方案中，也可以，1)将磷酸铵镁直接粉碎至10-70目；2)按照聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁1:100～10000重量比均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；3)将外购或培养的枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌、淡紫拟青霉中的一种微生物菌剂或一种以上的微生物菌剂混合均匀，将微生物菌剂与聚谷氨酸-磷酸铵镁颗粒剂混合搅拌均匀，使最终每克肥料中有效活菌数不低于0.2亿个(优选每克肥料中不低于2亿个)；4)烘干肥料；5)定量包装，得粉剂复合微生物肥料。
上述粉剂加工技术方案中，也可在步骤3后面加入有机质，有机质含量高于8％，有机质优选纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、腐殖酸。
在本发明的另外一种加工技术方案中，根据实际土壤结构和不同作物生长需要，可加入适量的大量元素、中量元素、微量元素，得到复合微生物肥料，具体加工方法是：1)根据作物需要，选择适量的大量元素、中量元素或微量元素种类，与磷酸铵镁分别粉碎至10-70目；2)将粉碎后的原料加入投料口，设置用料比，按照一定比例进行混配造粒，造粒烘干冷却；3)按照聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁1:100～10000重量比均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；4)将外购或培养的枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌、淡紫拟青霉中的一种或一种以上的微生物菌剂单独使用或混合，将微生物菌剂与聚谷氨酸-磷酸铵镁颗粒剂混合搅拌均匀，使最终每克肥料中有效活菌数不低于0.2亿个(优选每克肥料中不低于2亿个)；5)烘干肥料颗粒；6)定量包装，得颗粒状复合微生物肥料。
上述加工技术方案中，根据实际土壤结构和不同作物生长需要，也可在步骤4后面加入有机质，有机质含量高于8％，有机质优选纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、腐殖酸。
在一种粉剂的加工方案中，可以按照以下方法，1)根据作物需要，选择适量的大量元素、中量元素或微量元素种类，与磷酸铵镁分别粉碎至10-70目；2)将粉碎后的原料加入投料口，设置用料比，按照一定比例搅拌均匀；3)按照聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁1:100～10000重量比均匀喷淋聚谷氨酸液；4)将外购或培养的枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌、淡紫拟青霉中的一种或一种以上的微生物菌剂单独使用或混合，将微生物菌剂与聚谷氨酸-磷酸铵镁颗粒剂混合搅拌均匀，使最终每克肥料中有效活菌数不低于0.2亿个(优选每克肥料中不低于2亿个)；5)烘干肥料；6)定量包装，得粉剂复合微生物肥料。
上述加工技术方案中，根据实际土壤结构和不同作物生长需要，也可在步骤4后面加入有机质，有机质含量高于8％，有机质优选纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、腐殖酸。
本发明的组合物中聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两者之间具有相互的协同提升作用，具体表现为：1、本发明可改善酸性土壤的平衡。传统的氮肥和磷肥大都为酸性肥料，长期施用会提高土壤的酸性，造成作物减产或缺素。而本发明中，聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁结合能有效减少土壤氮素淋洗损失，具有缓解土壤酸化等作用。聚谷氨酸缓控作用，可显著降低磷酸铵镁的氮素淋洗损失，N 2O释放量能显著降低，可为植株的生长提供更为持久的有效养分，并且使得磷酸铵镁沉淀物中NH 3-N的释放比较缓慢，且NH 3-N的淋溶量呈逐渐下降趋势。施入土壤后，磷酸铵镁氮、磷元素淋洗量明显低于其他肥料，尤其是氮的淋洗，且土壤pH有所提升，能使土壤PH值提高；2、水包肥，肥水一体，减少水肥流失，提高作物的抗逆性能； 3、螯合微量元素。常规肥料在施用过程中，利用率不高，通过加入聚谷氨酸可以提高作物对磷酸铵镁的吸收利用；4、提高植物光合作用效率。本发明的肥料可增加作物的叶片面积，从而增加作物叶片的光合作用效率；5、具有良好的缓释缓控效果。磷酸铵镁本身具有一定的缓释性，而聚谷氨酸本身也是一种良好的缓释剂，通过聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两者结合，能更好地调节磷酸铵镁的缓释速率，两者结合具有良好的环境效应。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
以下实施例所有配方中百分比均为重量百分比(折百)。本发明复合肥料的各种加工工艺均为现有技术，根据不同情况可以有所变化。
一、实施例
(一)按照本说明书中的固体制剂的加工方法制备的肥料及其肥效试验
1、按照本说明书中的固体制剂的加工方法制备的肥料(表1)
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000003
2、田间肥效试验测定
(1)利用本发明实施例1-8制备的固体肥料来验证对烟草的生长和增产效果。
试验品种云烟PVH1452，试验位于云南省龙陵县龙山镇河头村二组，肥力中等，pH5.31、有机质3.51％、有效氮121.5mg/kg，速效磷35.18mg/kg，速效钾82.6mg/kg、速效锌1.8mg/kg、交换性钙640mg/kg、交换性镁24.2mg/kg。
施用量：本发明的复合肥料每亩使用10公斤，对照肥料磷酸铵镁单用每亩使用10公斤，聚谷氨酸每亩单用分别为10g、50g、100g。其他肥料的施用按照90kg/hm 2纯氮，m(N):m(P 2O 5):m(K 2O)＝l:1:2的标准执行。随机区组设计，3次重复。小区面积40m 2，行株距1.0m*0.4m。小区四周设保护行。本发明的复合肥料随其他基肥一次性施用。
观察烟苗移栽后12天的叶色和长势，观察烟叶成型后的叶片厚度、单株有效叶片数、鲜叶单叶重、上等烟比例。各处理烟株打顶后，选择有代表性烟株15株，标记作观察株，每株标记下部叶、中部叶和上部叶各4片，用于调查生物学特性，采收时调查单叶鲜重；初烤采收前调查单株有效叶片数。各小区中标记的叶片与非标记的叶片分别采收、烘烤、分级。初烤前调查实收株数，用于统计产量。烟叶采收后随即称取鲜重，再挂牌烘烤。分级时，及时记载好各等级烟叶重量与叶片数，各处理标记叶片分级后全部按小区、部位扎把留作分析样，再统计干烟叶平均产量、上中等烟比例。同时监测烟草生长的抗逆性(即烟草黑胫病发生程度)。
叶片厚度：相对于常规(CK)的叶片厚度。
表2.本发明实施例对烟草生长促进试验数据汇总表
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000005
从表2试验结果可知，联合施用磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸能促进烟株长势更加健壮，提高鲜烟单叶重，增加单株有效叶片数及提高烟叶产量和品质。而单独施用磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸则效果较差。主要是因为聚谷氨酸与磷酸铵镁两者具有很好的协同作用，聚谷氨酸能降低磷酸铵镁在土壤中的流失，有效促进作物对磷酸铵镁的吸收和转化利用。单独施用磷酸铵镁时，烟株对镁离子吸收较为缓慢，利用率较低，烟叶呈浅绿色，没有达到理论施用效果。单独施用聚谷氨酸时，不能替代镁素，虽然聚谷氨酸能促进烟株吸收土壤中部分镁离子的功能，但如果土壤中镁离子不足，烟株仍会表现缺素现象，因此实验中施用聚谷氨酸的烟叶呈现黄绿色，属于轻度缺镁现象。而常规对照则完全标签为烟株缺镁现象，下部叶失绿发黄，叶边缘及叶尖开始发黄并向上扩展，部分严重缺镁的烟株除叶脉仍然保持绿色黄绿色外，叶片将全部变白，叶尖出现褐色坏死。
(2)利用本发明实施例9-16制备的固体肥料来验证对三七的生长和增产效果。
试验地点为云南省文山市古木镇某三七种植基地。土壤肥力中等，pH 5.54、有机质9.42mg/kg、有效氮112.4mg/kg，速效磷14.35mg/kg，速效钾65.2mg/kg、速效锌2.1mg/kg、交换性钙523mg/kg、交换性镁15.6mg/kg。
施用量：本发明的复合肥料每亩使用100公斤，对照肥料磷酸铵镁单用每亩使用100公斤，聚谷氨酸每亩单用分别为15g、30g、60g，其它氮磷肥不再施用，后期使用常规钾肥和常规的微量元素肥料。随机区组设计，3次重复。小区面积20m 2(4m*5m)。本发明的肥料与常规肥混匀后撒施。
三七生长过程中，跟踪测定三七植株的株高、茎基粗、测定叶面积，采收后测定茎叶和块根的鲜产重量。三七块根烘干后测定块根的重量、增产率和干重比。
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000006
干重比(％)＝干产重量/鲜产重量*100％
表3.本发明实施例对三七生长促进试验数据汇总表
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000008
从表3试验结果可知，共同施用磷酸铵镁、聚谷氨酸可以提高三七植株的株高，增加茎基，从而提高三七的抗倒伏能力，同时本发明的复合肥料显著提升三七的叶面积，提高光合作用效率，从而达到增产的效果。而单独施用磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸则效果较差。
(二)按照本说明书中的固体制剂的加工方法制备复合肥料及其肥效试验
1、按照本发明中的关于固体制剂的加工方法制备颗粒剂和粉剂复合肥料(表4)
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000009
2、本发明的肥料田间肥效验证试验
(1)利用本发明制备的实施例验证枸杞增产试验
试验于在宁夏固原市原州区某有机枸杞种植基地进行。供试土壤pH值5.41、有机质含量3.13％、全氮含量0.216％、全磷含量0.16％、全钾含量6.52％、速效氮含量47.31mg/kg、速效磷含量11.23mg/kg、速效钾含量167.32mg/kg。供试枸杞品种为‘宁杞七号’，树龄5a，株行距2m，整体树势较为平衡。
基肥采用环状沟施法(即在距树体根颈40cm处开挖70cm宽，60cm深的环状沟)，与其它常规肥料一同施用。每亩施用本发明的肥料50公斤。对照处理磷酸铵镁单独施用每亩50公斤，聚谷氨酸每亩单独施用每亩分别为50g、100g、200g，微生物菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌、哈 茨木霉菌，以及枯草芽孢杆菌+哈茨木霉菌混剂均单用50公斤(有效活菌数大于20亿/克)。每个处理选取3株，重复3次，每小区随机排列，其他田间管理措施一致。试验过程中，选择标记好的植株，挂好标签，自下向上逐一测定各个处理对枸杞毛根系的重量(烘干后称重)、百粒鲜果重量、观察枸杞长势、测定单位鲜果亩产量，以及调查各处理的病害发生情况。
表5.本发明实施例制备的复合肥料对枸杞生长及增产效果
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000010
从表5试验结果可知，共同施用磷酸铵镁、聚谷氨酸和微生物菌剂可以提高枸杞植株的生长，主要表现为提高枸杞株高，增加枸杞根须数量(根干质量)，有利于根系营养吸收传导，形成枸杞良性循环生长。本发明的复合肥料可以增加枸杞单粒种，提高枸杞产量，同时能够显著提高枸杞的含糖量，可提升枸杞的品种，并且对枸杞的土传病害具有很好的控制作用，减少农药的施用量。而单独施用磷酸铵镁和聚谷氨酸则效果一般。
(2)利用本发明制备的实施例验证对柑橘的增产效果
试验地选择在浙江省衢州市柯城区华墅乡某橘园。供试土壤pH值为5.7，有机质12.4㎎/㎏，全氮2.6㎎/㎏，有效磷12.1㎎/㎏，速效钾101㎎/㎏。供试作物品种为“红美人”。试验设四个处理，三次重复。每小区柑橘树5棵，面积为40m 2。本发明的肥料施用6kg/棵，磷酸铵镁单独施用6kg/棵，聚谷氨酸单独施用分别为每棵0.5g/棵、1.0g/棵、1.5g/棵，微生物菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌，以及枯草芽孢杆菌+哈茨木霉菌混剂均单用6kg/棵 (有效活菌数大于20亿/克)。除施肥外，其他田间管理保持一致。观察在柑橘生长过程中的长势，测定柑橘产量、品质以及病害情况。
表6.本发明实施例制备的复合肥料对柑橘生长及增产效果
Figure PCTCN2019074613-appb-000011
从表6试验结果可知，共同施用磷酸铵镁、聚谷氨酸和微生物菌剂可以促进柑橘生长，提高柑橘的产量和品质。可以促进柑橘树势健壮，生产旺盛，叶色浓绿，提高新苗抽发数量，优质果增加，色泽好，皮薄皮亮，柑橘树势，抽发的新捎多、健壮，柑橘的品质大大改善，同时也可减少图传病害的发生。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合肥料，其特征在于，该肥料中含有聚谷氨酸和磷酸铵镁两种功能性组分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，所述聚谷氨酸和磷酸铵镁的重量比为1:100～10000，优选为1：150～8000；进一步优选为1：200～8000。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，该复合肥料还含有一种或一种以上的微生物菌剂组分。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，所述的微生物菌剂选自枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、根瘤菌、苏云金杆菌和淡紫拟青霉；优选为选自枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，所述微生物菌的有效活菌数总量大于0.2亿/克；优选为所述微生物菌的有效活菌数总量大于2亿/克，进一步优选为所述微生物菌有效活菌数总量大于10亿/克。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5中任一所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，该复合肥料中还含有有机质。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，所述有机质的含量大于8％；优选为大于20％。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，该肥料为固体型复合肥料。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一所述的复合肥料，其特征在于，该复合肥料的施用方式是作为基肥或追肥施用。
  10. 权利要求1～9中任一所述的复合肥料在提高作物产量中的用途。
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