WO2019153876A1 - 评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法 - Google Patents

评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019153876A1
WO2019153876A1 PCT/CN2018/120916 CN2018120916W WO2019153876A1 WO 2019153876 A1 WO2019153876 A1 WO 2019153876A1 CN 2018120916 W CN2018120916 W CN 2018120916W WO 2019153876 A1 WO2019153876 A1 WO 2019153876A1
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head
road surface
acceleration
evaluating
damage
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PCT/CN2018/120916
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沙爱民
高杰
栾博
谭玉锹
童峥
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长安大学
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Priority to US16/968,879 priority Critical patent/US20210010904A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/0078Shock-testing of vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08Shock-testing

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  • the invention relates to the field of transportation engineering, in particular to a method, a device and a testing method for evaluating the degree of collision damage between a rider's head and a road surface.
  • the present invention provides a method, device and test method for quantitatively and accurately evaluating the degree of fall injury of a bicycle rider on a certain road surface.
  • the invention provides a method for evaluating the degree of collision between a rider's head and a road surface, comprising: 1) calculating TBS values according to the following formula for different road conditions:
  • the degree of damage is classified into six levels according to the degree of damage or threat to the human body, such as mild damage, moderate damage, severe injury, serious injury, critical injury, and fatal injury.
  • Each level corresponds to a range of TBS values, that is, the possibility of damage of each level corresponding to the TBS value is provided in the damage degree possibility lookup table for intuitive determination.
  • the pavement comprises an asphalt pavement, a cement pavement, a pavement pavement, an elastic pavement of a bicycle lane, a deck pavement, a sports ground or a safety floor.
  • the invention also provides a device for evaluating the degree of damage of a rider's head and a road surface, comprising: a collision impact system for testing acceleration; a data acquisition system for collecting, storing and transmitting the measured acceleration; and a data analysis system for receiving data The acceleration values transmitted by the system are collected and analyzed.
  • the impact impact system comprises a vertically disposed sliding track, a supporting bottom plate disposed at a bottom of the sliding track, and a head model sliding along the sliding track, wherein the two ends of the sliding track are provided with a ring hoop.
  • the sliding rail is provided with a height control device in a vertical direction, and an acceleration sensor is disposed in the head model, and the acceleration sensor is connected to the data acquisition system.
  • the data acquisition system includes a constant current power adapter for supplying power to the system, a data acquisition card connected to the acceleration sensor, and data storage software.
  • the constant current power adapter is connected to the acceleration sensor, and the data analysis system is Output computer and software to calculate acceleration measurements.
  • the head model is formed by a combination of a hemisphere and an equi-radius cylinder, the head model being made of an aluminum alloy having a diameter of 160 mm ⁇ 5 mm and a hemisphere having a mass of 4.6 kg ⁇ 0.05 kg, the head
  • the side surface of the part model is provided with a column-shaped through groove, and the through groove is in close contact with the sliding guide rail.
  • the sliding guide rail is composed of three cylindrical metal rods having a parallel radius of 9 mm; the inner diameter of the annular hoop is 89 mm.
  • the acceleration sensor is a piezoelectric type sensor for measuring acceleration in a direction perpendicular to a road surface, the acceleration sensor is located at a center of gravity of the head model, and an axis of the acceleration sensor does not deviate from an axis of the head model 5°.
  • the present invention also provides a method for testing a device for assessing the degree of damage to a rider's head and road surface, comprising:
  • the falling time and acceleration data are output through the acceleration data output port, the sensor reading is stopped after the reading is completed, and the measured acceleration data is saved;
  • the method for evaluating the damage degree of the rider's head and the road surface is provided by the present invention, and the corresponding test device is specially designed for the method, and the test method by using the device is provided.
  • This is of great significance for quantitatively describing whether the road surface can ensure the safety of the bicycle cyclist to the greatest extent, and thus provides an effective method and tool for the construction of the urban bicycle lane and the evaluation of the urban bicycle lane.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for evaluating a degree of collision damage between a rider's head and a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the head model of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the slide rail and the ring hoop of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the height control device of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 5 is an example of impact acceleration data.
  • Figure 6 is a graph of acceleration versus time for a single collision.
  • Figure 7 is a single collision displacement-time relationship diagram.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the impact acceleration measured in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the impact acceleration measured in Example 2.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the impact acceleration measured in Example 3.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for evaluating a degree of collision damage between a rider's head and a road surface, including:
  • Step S1 For different road conditions, calculate the TBS value according to the following formula:
  • TBS is the head damage
  • t 1 , t 2 is the two moments in the impact process,
  • t 2 - t 1 denotes a certain time interval between the start of recording and the end of recording, in which the TBS takes a maximum value (t 2 - t 1 ⁇ 15 ms).
  • the calculation formula is to solve the time and acceleration and calculate the index TBS, and measure the acceleration and time relationship values at different heights of different road surfaces.
  • the magnitude of the TBS value is used to judge the likelihood of damage at all levels. It is then used to judge the damage of the surface material of the road surface to the head drop.
  • the pavement includes asphalt pavement, cement pavement, pavement pavement, bicycle pavement elastic pavement, bridge deck pavement, sports ground or safety floor.
  • Step S2 Comparing the TBS values calculated under different road surfaces of different heights to the query
  • the damage degree possibility query table provided by the present invention is shown in Table 1, and the probability sizes under the corresponding different damage levels are given.
  • the degree of damage or threat that may be caused to the human body is divided into six levels: mild damage, moderate damage, severe damage, serious damage, critical damage, and fatal damage, which can more intuitively evaluate the collision between the rider's head and the road surface. degree of damage.
  • the TBS value safety threshold is 1000. When the calculated TBS value is 1000, 2% of normal men may have critical head trauma, 16% may cause severe head injury, 36% may cause severe head injury, 35% May cause moderate head injury and 11% may cause mild head injury. When the TBS value is greater than 1000, it is considered that the current test road surface has a large safety risk to the rider's head drop injury.
  • Table 1 is based on the examination of domestic and foreign literatures, and the inventors obtained through a large number of practical tests.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for evaluating the degree of collision between a rider's head and a road surface, including a collision impact system 1, a data acquisition system 2, and a data analysis system 3.
  • the collision impact system 1 is used for testing acceleration, which comprises a vertically disposed slide rail 5, a support bottom plate 6 disposed at the bottom of the slide rail 5, and a head model 4 sliding along the slide rail 5, the slide rail 5
  • a ring hoop 9 is provided at both ends, and the hoop hoop 9 is used to clamp the slide rail 5 to provide a stable fixed platform and to restrain its deformation.
  • the slide rail 5 is provided with a height control device 8 in the vertical direction, and the head model 4 is provided with an acceleration sensor 7, which is connected to the data acquisition system 2.
  • the data acquisition system 2 includes a constant current power adapter 10, a data acquisition card 11, data storage software, and data transmission.
  • the data transmission cable is connected between the acceleration sensor 7, the data acquisition system 2, and the data analysis system 3.
  • the data analysis system 3 is a computer and software that outputs an acceleration measurement value.
  • the main body portion of the head model 4 is in the form of a combination of a hemisphere and an equi-radius cylinder.
  • the material of the head model 4 is an aluminum alloy, and the diameter is 160 mm ⁇ 5mm, the hemisphere with a mass of 4.6kg ⁇ 0.05kg, the side of the head model 4 is provided with a corresponding column-shaped through groove 16 and the sliding rail can be closely fitted.
  • the sliding guide rail 5 is composed of three cylindrical metal rods having a parallel radius of 9 mm, and is hooped at both ends of the rail by a ring hoop 9 having a certain thickness, and the inner diameter of the hoop hoop 9 is 89 mm.
  • the height control device 8 is composed of a bolt 12 and a nut 13 slidable on the guide rail. When the bolt 12 and the nut 13 are tightened, the barrel hoop 14 in the nut 13 is pressed against the guide rail.
  • the supporting bottom plate 6 is made of a metal material.
  • the supporting bottom plate 6 is a steel plate for preventing the eccentric deformation of the sliding guide rail 5 from being less rigid and improving the overall stability of the impact impact system 1.
  • the supporting bottom plate 6 passes through a certain thickness of the hoop.
  • the ring 9 is tightly clamped together with the slide rail 5, and the slide rail 5 should be rigidly connected perpendicularly to the support base 6.
  • the acceleration sensor 7 is a piezoelectric type sensor for measuring acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the road surface, and has a range of 1000 g, a voltage sensitivity of 20 mv/g, a test frequency range of 0.5 to 10000 Hz, and a linearity of not more than 2%.
  • the acceleration sensor 7 is located at the center of gravity of the head model 4, the axis of the acceleration sensor 7 does not deviate from the axis of the head model 4 by more than 5°, and the acceleration sensor 7 and the head model 4 should be tightly connected by bolts 15. .
  • the present invention also provides a method for evaluating a rider's head and road surface damage degree device, comprising:
  • the falling time and acceleration data are output through the acceleration data output port. After the collision is completed, the reading of the sensor is stopped, and the measured acceleration data is saved.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Pavement material type Asphalt concrete pavement Cement concrete pavement Colored plastic track Road condition intact intact intact Pavement type Urban non-motor vehicle lane Urban non-motor vehicle lane playground
  • the implementation of the embodiments 1 to 3 employs the apparatus and calculation method provided by the present invention.
  • the testing process follows the testing steps provided by the present invention.
  • the head model used in the test was made of aluminum alloy with a diameter of 162 mm and a weight of 4.62 kg.
  • the accelerometer is a piezoelectric sensor for measuring the acceleration in the direction perpendicular to the road surface.
  • the range is 1000g
  • the voltage sensitivity is 20mv/g
  • the test frequency range is 0.5-10000Hz
  • the linearity is not higher than 2%.
  • the measuring points are selected on the road sections where the embodiments 1 to 3 are located, and each of the embodiments selects three measuring points. Then use a small brush to clean the surface of the measuring point.
  • the test device was placed on the measuring point, and the height of the head model was adjusted by the height fixing device.
  • the height adjusting devices of the embodiments 1 to 3 were adjusted as shown in Table 3.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 The first drop height / cm 10 10 10 2nd drop height / cm 20 - 20 3rd drop height / cm - - 30 4th drop height / cm - - 40
  • the release operation is repeated three times for each drop height and the data is output. After the test is finished, the fall time and acceleration data are output through the acceleration data output port. After the collision is completed, the sensor reading is stopped, and the measured acceleration data is saved and analyzed.
  • TBS value is calculated to determine the degree of collision of the rider's head with the road surface.
  • Table 4 the average value of the test is shown in the table.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Drop height 10cm 961.0 1604.8 61.1 Drop height 20cm 1734.2 - 189.2 Drop height 30cm - - 371.0 Drop height 40cm - - 602.8 Drop height 50cm - - 880.1 Drop height 60cm - - 1238.5
  • a common male rider collides with the road when riding, he may have a fatal head trauma of 6% at a drop height of 20 cm, and a critical head trauma may occur at 29%. 37% may cause severe head injury, 22% may cause severe head injury, and 6% may cause moderate head injury.
  • a common male rider when a common male rider hits a head and collides with the road surface, he may have a critical head trauma of 6% at a drop height of 60 cm, and 24% may cause serious head injury. 41% may cause severe head injury, 25% may cause moderate head injury, and 4% may cause mild head injury.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法,通过自制的测试装置获取头部模型从一定高度下落砸向路面的冲击加速度,将获得的冲击加速度通过处理后,计算得到TBS值,通过查询本发明提供的TBS对应骑行者头部损伤程度可能性查询表,得到骑行者在测试路面跌落发生头部碰撞后轻重损伤的可能性大小,用于评价路面跌落安全隐患。与相关技术相比,本发明提供的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法及装置对于定量描述路面是否能最大程度的保障自行车骑行者安全具有重要意义,从而为城市自行车道的修建以及对城市自行车道的评价提供了有效的方法和工具。

Description

评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及交通运输工程领域,尤其涉及一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法。
背景技术
我国被称作“自行车王国”,从建国以来一直有着较大的自行车保有量。如今,在城市公共自行车和共享单车的普及和国家对绿色交通出行方式大力倡导下,自行车骑行正成为深受人们喜爱的一种绿色健康的出行方式。在未来城市的发展设想中,独立运行的自行车交通系统呼之欲出,近年自行车专用的独立自行车道正在逐步兴起修建,从环青海湖自行车道到厦门的空中自行车道,自行车交通系统有着广阔的发展前景。
然而,随着自行车交通量的不断扩大,城市基础设施建设并未充分考虑自行车骑行者的交通安全。自行车结构简单,较为轻便,对骑行者的保护能力较差,是交通运输工具中的弱者。自行车在骑行中,骑行者往往容易受到交通条件和自然环境的影响发生侧翻,骑行者一旦跌落车下往往会引起严重的人身伤害。因此,自行车道在设计中应该充分考虑骑行者可能的意外跌落危险,同时路面所选面层材料应对头部着地这一种严重的损伤可能进行一个安全评估,减小自行车高度处的跌落的头部可能的损伤程度。
关于骑行者头部损伤的方面,研究论文《基于汽车-自行车碰撞事故重建的骑车人动力学响应和损伤研究》和《基于车人碰撞事故重建的行人头部动力学响应》讨论了骑行者头部与汽车风挡玻璃碰撞损伤,并未提供人体头部与路面碰撞损伤的测试和定级方法。中国专利 中未检索到相关内容。
目前世界各国尚未建立评价自行车道对自行车骑行者跌落损伤的统一标准和测试方法,科学研究也未对这一问题展开研究。这对于发展自行车交通系统是不利的,同时也是对自行车骑行者安全保障的忽视。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种可以定量地、准确地评价某段路面的对自行车骑行者跌落损伤程度的方法、装置及测试方法。
本发明提供一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法,包括:1)针对不同路面情况,按照如下公式计算TBS值:
Figure PCTCN2018120916-appb-000001
式中,a(t)为测试出的合成加速度,以g为单位,g=9.8m/s 2;t 1,t 2为在冲击过程中的两个时刻,t 2-t 1表示记录开始与记录结束两个时刻之间的某一段时间间隔;在该时刻段内TBS值取最大值。
2)用求得的TBS值来判定损伤程度:损伤程度是根据对人体造成损伤或威胁的程度分为了轻度损伤、中度损伤、重度损伤、严重损伤、危重损伤、致命损伤六个等级,每个等级对应着TBS值范围,即损伤程度可能性查询表中提供了TBS值对应各等级损伤的可能性,以便进行直观判定。
优选的,所述路面包括沥青路面、水泥路面、人行道铺装、自行车道弹性铺装、桥面铺装、运动场地或安全地坪。
本发明还提供一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,包括:碰撞冲击系统,用于测试加速度;数据采集系统,将测试的加速度进行采集并存储或传输;数据分析系统,接收数据采集系统传输的加速度值并进行分析。
优选的,所述碰撞冲击系统包括竖直设置的下滑轨道、设于下滑轨道底部的支撑底板及沿所述下滑轨道滑动的头部模型,所述下滑轨道两端部设有圆环箍环,所述下滑轨道竖直方向上设有高度控制装置,所述头部模型内设置有加速度传感器,所述加速度传感器与数据采集系统连接。
优选的,所述数据采集系统包括给系统供电的恒流电源适配器、与所述加速度传感器连接的数据采集卡以及数据存储软件,所述恒流电源适配器与加速度传感器连接,所述数据分析系统为输出计算加速度测量值的计算机及软件。
优选的,所述头部模型由半球体和等半径圆柱体组合形成,所述头部模型的材质为铝合金,其直径为160mm±5mm,质量为4.6kg±0.05kg的半球,所述头部模型侧面设有柱状贯通槽,该贯通槽与所述下滑导轨紧密贴合。
优选的,所述下滑导轨由三根相互平行的半径为9mm的圆柱状金属杆组成;圆环箍环内径为89mm。
优选的,所述加速度传感器为压电型传感器,用于测量与路面垂直方向的加速度,所述加速度传感器位于头部模型的重心处,所述加速度传感器的轴线与头部模型的轴线偏差不超过5°。
本发明还提供一种对评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置进行测试的方法,包括:
1)试验准备
选择测点,用小毛刷将测点路面清扫干净,在下滑导轨内侧涂刷润滑油以减小摩擦力对头部模型下落的影响,连接加速度传感器与电源适配器以及计算机数据采集软件,并检查整体运行情况;
2)试验操作
将碰撞冲击系统放置在测点上,调节高度控制装置至指定位置,手动缓慢提升头部模型至固定高度,确保头部模型与三条导轨均接触良好且加速度传感器读数稳定后,释放头部模型使其沿下滑导轨竖向下落,与路面材料发生碰撞冲击;每个下落高度重复释放操作三次并 输出数据;
3)数据采集
通过加速度数据输出端口输出下落时间与加速度数据,碰撞完成后读数记录后停止传感器读数,并对测得的加速度数据进行保存操作;
4)数据处理
加速度传感器获得的一系列特定时刻与该时刻竖向加速度的二维坐标(t i,a i)(i=1…n),线性拟合后绘制出加速度与时间关系图。
与相关技术相比,本发明提供的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法,还特别为该方法设计了相应的测试装置,并提供了利用该装置进行的测试方法。这对于定量描述路面是否能最大程度的保障自行车骑行者安全具有重要意义,从而为城市自行车道的修建以及对城市自行车道的评价提供了有效的方法和工具。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的装置的结构示意图。
图2为图1中的头部模型的结构示意图。
图3为图1中的下滑导轨及圆环箍环的俯视图。
图4为图1中的高度控制装置结构示意图。
图5为冲击加速度数据样例。
图6为单次碰撞加速度-时间关系图。
图7为单次碰撞位移-时间关系图。
图8为实施例1测得的冲击加速度图。
图9为实施例2测得的冲击加速度图。
图10为实施例3测得的冲击加速度图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例提供了一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法,包括:
步骤S1:针对不同路面情况,按照如下公式计算TBS值:
Figure PCTCN2018120916-appb-000002
式中,TBS为头部损伤,a(t)为测试出的合成加速度,以g为单位(g=9.8m/s 2);t 1,t 2为在冲击过程中的两个时刻,t 2-t 1表示记录开始与记录结束两个时刻之间的某一段时间间隔,在该时刻间隔内TBS取最大值(t 2-t 1≤15ms)。
该计算公式是对时间和加速度求解并计算指标TBS,不同路面不同高度下,测出加速度和时间关系值。TBS值的大小用于评判各级损伤的可能性。进而用于评判路面表面材料对头部跌落的损伤可能。
所述路面包括沥青路面、水泥路面、人行道铺装、自行车道弹性铺装、桥面铺装、运动场地或安全地坪。
选取某一次撞击附近的加速度与时间的关系图,以及位移与时间的关系图如图6和图7。
以t 2-t 1=15ms为例,选取[t 3-7.5,t 3+7.5]为初始间隔区间,计算出TBS 0数值,并通过计算[t 3-7.5+Δ,t 3+7.5+Δ]时间间隔下的TBS数值与TBS 0进行比较,确定TBS 0是否为极大值。
步骤S2:将不同高度不同路面下计算所得的TBS值对照查询本发明提供的损伤程度可能性查询表如表1,给出其对应的不同损伤等级下的可能性大小。将对可能对人体造成的损伤或者威胁的程度分为了轻度损伤、中度损伤、重度损伤、严重损伤、危重损伤、致命损伤六个等级,可以更直观的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞的损伤程度。 TBS值安全临界值为1000,当计算出的TBS值为1000时,普通男性具有2%可能发生危重头部创伤,16%可能造成严重头部损伤,36%可能造成重度头部损伤,35%可能造成中度头部损伤,11%可能造成轻度头部损伤。当TBS值大于1000时,认为当前测试路面对骑行者头部跌落损伤存在较大安全风险。
表1损伤程度可能性查询表(%)
Figure PCTCN2018120916-appb-000003
注:规定将计算所得TBS值按四舍五入取整,得到整百数值后查 表。
需要说明的是,表1是在查阅国内外文献的基础上,发明人通过大量实际试验验证所得到的。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供了一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的装置,包括碰撞冲击系统1、数据采集系统2和数据分析系统3。
所述碰撞冲击系统1用于测试加速度,其包括竖直设置的下滑轨道5、设于下滑轨道5底部的支撑底板6及沿所述下滑轨道5滑动的头部模型4,所述下滑轨道5两端部设有圆环箍环9,圆环箍环9用于箍定下滑导轨5,为其提供一个稳定的固定平台并约束其变形。
所述下滑轨道5竖直方向上设有高度控制装置8,所述头部模型4内设置有加速度传感器7,所述加速度传感器7与数据采集系统2连接。
所述数据采集系统2包括恒流电源适配器10、数据采集卡11、数据存储软件以及数据传输,所述数据传输线缆连接于加速度传感器7、数据采集系统2、数据分析系统3之间。
所述数据分析系统3为输出计算加速度测量值的计算机及软件。
如图1、图2、图3、图3所述头部模型4主体部分采取半球体与等半径圆柱体组合的形式,所述头部模型4的材料为铝合金,加工为直径为160mm±5mm,质量为4.6kg±0.05kg的半球,所述头部模型4侧面设有相应柱状贯通槽16与下滑导轨可以紧密贴合。所述下滑导轨5由三根相互平行的半径为9mm的圆柱状金属杆组成,在导轨两端由具有一定厚度的圆环箍环9箍定,圆环箍环9内径为89mm。其中一根安装高度调节装置的下滑导轨5上刻有量程为100cm,分度值为10cm的刻度线,每根圆柱状导轨与头部模型4侧面的相应柱状贯通槽16可以紧密贴合,且不严重影响头部模型4的自由下落。所述高度控制装置8由可在导轨上滑动的螺栓12和螺帽13组成,当螺栓12和螺帽13旋紧时,螺帽13中的桶状箍环14受压与导轨紧箍。当头部模型4需在某一高度处下落,将高度控制装置8的底沿儿与下滑 导轨5刻度线对齐,旋紧螺栓12,手动将头部模型4提至高度控制装置8的底沿儿处稳定后即可释放下落。所述支撑底板6为金属材质,所述支撑底板6为防止下滑导轨5整体刚度较小产生偏心变形并提高碰撞冲击系统1整体稳定性的钢板,所述支撑底板6通过一定厚度的圆环箍环9与下滑导轨5紧密箍定在一起,下滑导轨5应与支撑底板6垂直刚性连接。所述加速度传感器7为压电型传感器,用于测量与路面垂直方向的加速度,其量程为1000g,电压灵敏度为20mv/g,测试频率范围为0.5~10000Hz,线性度不高于2%。所述加速度传感器7位于头部模型4的重心处,所述加速度传感器7的轴线与头部模型4的轴线偏差不超过5°,所述加速度传感器7与头部模型4应通过螺栓15紧密连接。
本发明还提供一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置进行测试的方法,包括:
步骤S1:试验准备
选择测点,用小毛刷将测点路面清扫干净,在下滑导轨5内侧涂刷润滑油以减小摩擦力对头部模型4下落的影响,连接加速度传感器7与电源适配器10、数据采集卡11以及计算机数据采集软件,并检查整体运行情况。
步骤S2:试验操作
将碰撞冲击系统1放置在测点上,调节高度固定装置8至指定位置,手动缓慢提升头部模型4至固定高度,确保头部模型4与三条导轨5均接触良好且加速度传感器读数稳定后,释放头部模型4使其沿导轨竖向下落,与路面材料发生碰撞冲击。为避免偶然误差,每个下落高度重复释放操作三次并输出数据,如图5所示。
步骤S3、数据采集
通过加速度数据输出端口输出下落时间与加速度数据,碰撞完成后读数记录后停止传感器读数,并对测得的加速度数据进行保存操作。
步骤S4、数据处理
加速度传感器获得的一系列某一时刻与该时刻竖向加速度的二维坐标(t i,a i)(i=1…n),线性拟合后绘制出加速度与时间关系图。
实施例1~3
实施例1~3的主要区别在于所测试的对象路段不同。表2所示为实施例1~3中对于测试路段的描述。
表2实施例1~3的测试路段
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
路面材料类型 沥青混凝土路面 水泥混凝土路面 彩色塑胶跑道
路面状况 完好 完好 完好
路面类型 城市非机动车道 城市非机动车道 运动场地
实施例1~3的实施过程采用本发明所提供的装置和计算方法。测试过程遵循本发明提供的测试步骤。
测试所采用的头部模型材质为铝合金,直径为162mm,重量为4.62kg。加速度传感器为压电型传感器,用于测量与路面垂直方向的加速度,其量程为1000g,电压灵敏度为20mv/g,测试频率范围为0.5~10000Hz,线性度不高于2%。在实施例1~3所在的路段上选取测点,每一个实施例选取三个测点。然后用小毛刷将测点路面清扫干净。
连接加速度传感器与电源适配器以及计算机数据采集软件,并检查整体运行情况。在下滑导轨内侧涂刷润滑油以减小摩擦力对头部模型下落的影响,
将测试装置放置在测点上,通过高度固定装置调整头部模型的下落高度,实施例1~3的高度固定装置调节高度如表3所示。
表3实施例1~3中头部模型的下落高度
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
第1次下落高度/cm 10 10 10
第2次下落高度/cm 20 - 20
第3次下落高度/cm - - 30
第4次下落高度/cm - - 40
第5次下落高度/cm - - 50
第6次下落高度/cm - - 60
随后,手动缓慢提升头部模型至高度固定装置下沿,确保头部模型与三条导轨均接触良好且加速度传感器读数稳定后,释放头部模型使其沿导轨竖向下落,与路面材料发生碰撞冲击。为避免偶然误差,每个下落高度重复释放操作三次并输出数据。测试结束后,通过加速度数据输出端口输出下落时间与加速度数据,碰撞完成后读数记录后停止传感器读数,并对测得的加速度数据进行保存操作并进行分析。
实施例1~3测得的冲击加速度图如图8~图10所示。
数据处理时,对加速度记录仪获得的一系列某时刻与该时刻加速度的二维坐标,根据坐标进行线性拟合,计算TBS值,判断骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤的程度可能性。通过计算,实施例1~3中从不同高度下落的TBS值如表4所示,表中所示为测试的平均值。
表4TBS测试值
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
下落高度10cm 961.0 1604.8 61.1
下落高度20cm 1734.2 - 189.2
下落高度30cm - - 371.0
下落高度40cm - - 602.8
下落高度50cm - - 880.1
下落高度60cm - - 1238.5
将表4中的TBS数据代入损伤程度可能性查询表可知:
实施例1中,普通男性骑行者在骑行时,如果发生头部与路面碰撞,他在下落高度为20cm的情况下,有6%可能发生致命头部创伤,29%可能发生危重头部创伤,37%可能造成严重头部损伤,22%可能造成重度头部损伤,6%可能造成中度头部损伤。
实施例2中,普通男性骑行者在骑行时,如果发生头部与路面碰撞,他在下落高度为10cm的情况下,有6%可能发生致命头部创伤,29%可能发生危重头部创伤,37%可能造成严重头部损伤,22%可能 造成重度头部损伤,6%可能造成中度头部损伤。
实施例3中,普通男性骑行者在骑行时,如果发生头部与路面碰撞,他在下落高度为60cm的情况下,有6%可能发生危重头部创伤,24%可能造成严重头部损伤,41%可能造成重度头部损伤,25%可能造成中度头部损伤,4%可能造成轻度头部损伤。
以上结果表明,对于实施例1与实施例2中的沥青路面和水泥路面来讲,骑行者下落高度仅为10cm的情况下,骑行者几乎肯定会受到严重的头部损伤。另一方面,塑胶跑道可以使骑行者下落高度提高至50cm,在下落高度为30~40cm时,骑行者所承受的头部伤害大幅降低。以上测试结果符合最基本的客观规律。因此,从实施例1~3可以看出,本发明所公开的方法、测试装置是真实、有效、快速的。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    1)针对不同路面情况,按照如下公式计算TBS值:
    Figure PCTCN2018120916-appb-100001
    式中,a(t)为测试出的合成加速度,以g为单位,g=9.8m/s 2;t 1,t 2为在冲击过程中的两个时刻,t 2-t 1表示记录开始与记录结束两个时刻之间的某一段时间间隔;
    2)用求得的TBS值来判定损伤程度:损伤程度是根据对人体造成损伤或威胁的程度分为了轻度损伤、中度损伤、重度损伤、严重损伤、危重损伤、致命损伤六个等级,每个等级对应着TBS值范围,以便进行直观判定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度的方法,其特征在于,所述路面包括沥青路面、水泥路面、人行道铺装、自行车道弹性铺装、桥面铺装、运动场地或安全地坪。
  3. 一种评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,其特征在于,包括:
    碰撞冲击系统,用于测试加速度;
    数据采集系统,将测试的加速度进行采集并存储或传输;
    数据分析系统,接收数据采集系统传输的加速度值并进行分析。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,其特征在于,所述碰撞冲击系统包括竖直设置的下滑轨道、设于下滑轨道底部的支撑底板及沿所述下滑轨道滑动的头部模型,所述下滑轨道两端部设有圆环箍环,所述下滑轨道竖直方向上设有高度控制装置,所述头部模型内设置有加速度传感器,所述加速度传感器与数据采集系统连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装 置,其特征在于,所述数据采集系统包括给系统供电的恒流电源适配器、与所述加速度传感器连接的数据采集卡以及数据存储软件,所述恒流电源适配器与加速度传感器连接,所述数据分析系统为输出计算加速度测量值的计算机及软件。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,其特征在于,所述头部模型由半球体和等半径圆柱体组合形成,所述头部模型的材质为铝合金,其直径为160mm±5mm,质量为4.6kg±0.05kg的半球,所述头部模型侧面设有柱状贯通槽,该贯通槽与所述下滑导轨紧密贴合。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,其特征在于,所述下滑导轨由三根相互平行的半径为9mm的圆柱状金属杆组成;圆环箍环内径为89mm。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置,其特征在于,所述加速度传感器为压电型传感器,用于测量与路面垂直方向的加速度,所述加速度传感器位于头部模型的重心处,所述加速度传感器的轴线与头部模型的轴线偏差不超过5°。
  9. 一种对权利要求3所述的评价骑行者头部与路面碰撞损伤程度装置进行测试的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    1)试验准备
    选择测点,用小毛刷将测点路面清扫干净,在下滑导轨内侧涂刷润滑油以减小摩擦力对头部模型下落的影响,连接加速度传感器与电源适配器以及计算机数据采集软件,并检查整体运行情况;
    2)试验操作
    将碰撞冲击系统放置在测点上,调节高度控制装置至指定位置,手动缓慢提升头部模型至固定高度,确保头部模型与三条导轨均接触良好且加速度传感器读数稳定后,释放头部模型使其沿下滑导轨竖向下落,与路面材料发生碰撞冲击;每个下落高度重复释放操作三次并输出数据;
    3)数据采集
    通过加速度数据输出端口输出下落时间与加速度数据,碰撞完成后读数记录后停止传感器读数,并对测得的加速度数据进行保存操作;
    4)数据处理
    加速度传感器获得的一系列特定时刻与该时刻竖向加速度的二维坐标(t i,a i)(i=1…n),线性拟合后绘制出加速度与时间关系图。
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