WO2019144893A1 - 一种判断用户视觉能力的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种判断用户视觉能力的方法和系统 Download PDF

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WO2019144893A1
WO2019144893A1 PCT/CN2019/072923 CN2019072923W WO2019144893A1 WO 2019144893 A1 WO2019144893 A1 WO 2019144893A1 CN 2019072923 W CN2019072923 W CN 2019072923W WO 2019144893 A1 WO2019144893 A1 WO 2019144893A1
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visual
eeg
information
user
stimulation
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PCT/CN2019/072923
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French (fr)
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陈溪萍
陶陆阳
陶泓旭
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陶陆阳
陈溪萍
陶泓旭
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A61B5/377—Electroencephalography [EEG] using evoked responses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of psychophysics, and more particularly to a method and system for identifying attention or non-attention visual information by EEG.
  • VEP visual evoke potential
  • PRVEP flash VEP
  • SPVEP sweep pattern VEP
  • mVEP multifocal VEP
  • Vision also known as visual acuity
  • Visual acuity belongs to the category of psychophysics. The result is a comprehensive judgment made by the high-level visual center on the complex processing and analysis of the stimulus. The completion of the visual information processing advanced center was completed. Since the 1990s, we and other scholars in China have established regression equations for the relationship between visual reversal image visual evoked potential (PRVEP) and ERP P100, which can roughly determine the visual acuity of the subjects, but the above methods and visual acuity screening The results are not exactly the same. In recent years, researchers have explored the joint application of VEP and fixation properties to assess objective visual acuity.
  • PRVEP visual reversal image visual evoked potential
  • the field of view is divided into a central field of view in the range of 30° and a peripheral field of view other than 30°, wherein the area of 5° is referred to as the macular field of view, and the area of 5° to 30° is referred to as the side center area or the Bjerrum area.
  • a number of visual field examination methods have been developed, including short-wavelength automated perimetry, motion perimetry, frequency doubling technology (FDT), and high-pass resolution (high-pass). Resolution perimetry) and pattern discrimination perimetry, automated pupil perimetry, flicker perimetry, microperimetry, etc. These detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but Subjective subjective cooperation is required to obtain the results of the examination.
  • VSA visual-spatial attention
  • Color vision is also an important part of visual function. It is a kind of three cone sensor that is sensitive to red, green and blue on the retina by various visible light of different wavelengths, and converts the color vision signal into electrochemical signal. Through a layer of projection, coding and processing of the visual system network, and finally a subjective feeling formed in the brain's visual center.
  • the detection methods related to color vision defects can be roughly divided into three ways: psychophysical pathways, molecular biology pathways and electrophysiological pathways.
  • the color vision mirror detection method is more accurate, and the principle is to judge the color vision state by the matching of the specific color of the subject.
  • Nagel color vision abnormality inspection mirror divided into two types, I and II.
  • Type I is weakly sensitive to red and green, and red and green.
  • Type II differs in that a very bright short-wavelength source is used. At this time, the distribution of the three color-sensitivity visual sensitivity curves is different, so it is easier to distinguish the color vision. The type of exception. Others include Moreland color vision mirror, Besancon color vision mirror, Neitz color vision mirror and Pickford-Nicolson color vision mirror, but the color vision microscopy is more professional and requires subjective cooperation.
  • the Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Department of Ophthalmology of Xiehe Hospital jointly developed the first fully automatic double matching color vision detector in China, and obtained the national utility model patent (patent approval number: ZL982074298).
  • cVEP has been recognized as a method for quantitative detection of color vision dysfunction caused by retinopathy, color vision abnormalities caused by damage to the high visual pathway (after opto-intersection) or central pathway cannot be detected, and event-related potentials (ERPs) can be applied. EEG changes in this patient were detected, suggesting that ERP can be used for quantitative detection of color dysfunction caused by various causes.
  • the present invention proposes a method and system that is capable of identifying both attentional visual information and non-attention visual information.
  • a method for identifying attention/non-attention visual information comprising the steps of: step 1 presenting one or more sets of visual stimulation flows; and step 2, collecting brains of user attention/non-attention visual correspondence Electrical information, EEG information includes an EEG waveform and its corresponding brain region; Step 3, grouping the visual stimulation flow and the corresponding EEG waveform by time; Step 4, determining the user's vision according to the user's EEG waveform ability.
  • the visual stimulation flow is visual stimulation information composed of a visual visual target, color vision stimulation information composed of colors, or visual field stimulation information composed of single light-emitting points randomly given within 360 degrees of different visual field ranges.
  • the visual acuity information includes a first visual target having the same size and a different orientation as the continuous visual target in the plurality of consecutive visual targets facing the same.
  • the brainwave generated by the target stimulus contains all the components in the early, middle, middle, late and late stages.
  • the EEG waveform with high amplitude and short latency is the supra-optical visual force curve, indicating that the user can clearly see the corresponding visual target. ;
  • the EEG waveforms of the components with decreased amplitude and prolonged latency are threshold visual acuity curves, indicating that the user can just see the corresponding visual visual targets;
  • the mid-, late-, and late-stage components are not included, and the EEG waveforms that do not contain the early components or contain the early components whose amplitudes are significantly reduced are subliminal visual acuity curves, indicating that the user cannot see the corresponding Vision target.
  • the user's threshold visual acuity is obtained by comparing the user's multiple sets of EEG waveforms.
  • the color vision stimulation information is that the plurality of consecutive objects having the first color include a second target having the same size as the target, the second color, the saturation, and the brightness being the same or weakened.
  • the EEG generated by the target stimulus contains EEG waveforms of all components in the early, middle, late, and late stages, indicating that the user can recognize the second color;
  • EEG waveforms that do not contain early, mid, late, and late components indicate that the user is not able to distinguish the second color
  • the EEG waveforms containing the components of the early, middle, late, and late stages or the components with the ability to distinguish the color are reduced, and the latency is prolonged, indicating that the user's ability to distinguish the second color is reduced;
  • the visual field stimulation information is that the plurality of light spots having the first brightness include a second light spot having the same size as the light spot and having the second brightness, and the second brightness and the first brightness are significantly different.
  • the concentric circles centered on the dots and the meridians passing through the center of the circle (as shown in Fig. 1a, each meridian at intervals of 15 degrees, a concentric circle every 10 degrees) randomly present the above light.
  • Point or first bright spot (as shown in Figure 1b).
  • the EEG generated by spot stimulation contains all components in the early, middle, middle, late and late stages, and the EEG waveforms with high amplitude and short latency are indicated in the early stage, indicating that the corresponding bright spot area is the effective field of view; the EEG waveform corresponding to the effective field of view For the reference waveform, it can be used to determine the sensitivity of the user to the second spot. If the middle and late components are missing, the user is not sensitive to the second spot.
  • early, intermediate, late or late components described above are used to determine the user's visual ability; early components include, but are not limited to, positive waves occurring at 100 ms, and negative waves occurring after 100-200 ms, including, but not limited to, Positive waves appearing at 200 ms; intermediate and late components include, but are not limited to, negative waves occurring at 200-400 ms; late components include, but are not limited to, positive waves occurring at 300-700 ms.
  • a system for determining a user's visual ability comprising:
  • a presentation module for presenting a stimulus stream to a user
  • the acquisition module comprises an event-related potential acquisition module consisting of a multi-lead electrode cap for detecting an EEG signal and a multi-lead brain electrical amplifier connected thereto, for collecting EEG information generated by the user without attention, and the information a processing and analysis module sent to the EEG information;
  • the processing and analysis module of the EEG information is used to receive EEG information, analyze waveform patterns generated by EEG information, and locate brain regions.
  • the EEG information processing and analysis module further includes an EEG recording synchronization unit for synchronizing the time frequency at which the stimulation event occurs with the time frequency of the EEG triggered.
  • a visual stimulation information making module is also included.
  • the attention/non-attention visual stimulation information problem such as the vision-related visual stimulation information problem, the color vision-related visual stimulation information problem, and the visual field-related visual stimulation information problem, can be accurately identified by the EEG, thereby determining the visual ability of the user.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a method of partitioning a field of view
  • Figure 1b is a schematic view of the stimulation highlights
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of identifying attention/non-attention visual information, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for identifying vision related information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method of identifying color vision related information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for identifying visual field related information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for identifying visual field related information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an event-related potential is a proper noun, which refers to an EEG signal elicited after stimulation of an event, and in the present invention refers to a related EEG signal elicited by a visual information stimulation event.
  • the present invention provides a method for identifying attention or non-attention visual information by EEG.
  • a method for identifying attention or non-attention visual information comprising the following steps: Step 1 , presenting one or more sets of visual stimulation flows; step 2, collecting EEG information corresponding to the user's attention or non-attention visual, the EEG information includes the EEG waveform and its corresponding brain region; Step 3, the visual stimulation flow And the corresponding EEG waveforms are grouped by time; in step 4, the user's visual ability is determined according to the user's EEG waveform.
  • auditory stimuli such as storytelling, recitation, etc.
  • storytelling a visual stimulation information data stream
  • recitation a visual stimulation information data stream
  • auditory stimuli such as storytelling, recitation, etc.
  • the visual stimulation flow is visual stimulation information composed of a visual visual target, color vision stimulation information, or visual field stimulation information composed of single light-emitting points randomly given within 360 degrees of different visual field ranges.
  • the visual stimulation flow may include a visual stimulation information flow, a color vision stimulation information flow, and a visual field stimulation information flow.
  • the visual stimulation information flow is produced and presented as follows: 1 application but not limited to open source and computer programming software such as Eprime, EEGLab or Mitsar or other image editing tools, but not limited to logarithmic visual acuity or LogMar vision
  • the table and the like are used as the data source of the vision-related visual information stimulation data stream; 2 the application is not limited to covering all the target objects corresponding to 0.01 to 1.2, but is not limited to the event related potential (ERP) stimulation paradigm.
  • EPP event related potential
  • the Oddball or S1-S2 paradigm forms a stimulus data stream; 3 the data stream is suddenly inserted intermittently into a plurality of optotypes that are continuously presented in a certain orientation, and the optotypes of the optotypes are successively different (eg, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, etc.) or discontinuity (such as 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, etc.), the data stream can be from 0.01 to 1.2 visual targets, or three or more different steps Any combination of optotypes, the optotypes can be presented in any ratio, interval, and presentation time.
  • color vision stimulation information flow is as follows: 1 application, but not limited to open source software such as Eprime, EEGLab or Mitsar, computer programming software or other image editing tools, rounded with three primary colors and any combination of colors Shape (arbitrary diameter) as the data source of the color vision related visual information stimulation data stream; 2 application but not limited to the Oddball or S1-S2 paradigm in the ERP stimulation paradigm to form the stimulation data stream; 3 the data stream is continuous to present the optotype in the first color A visual object of the same size, with the same or reduced brightness, saturation, and brightness is inserted abruptly, and the visual target can be presented in any ratio, interval, and presentation time.
  • open source software such as Eprime, EEGLab or Mitsar
  • computer programming software or other image editing tools rounded with three primary colors and any combination of colors Shape (arbitrary diameter) as the data source of the color vision related visual information stimulation data stream
  • Oddball or S1-S2 paradigm in the ERP stimulation paradigm to form the stimulation data stream
  • 3 the data stream is continuous to present the opto
  • the visual field stimulation information flow is produced and presented as follows: 1 application but not limited to open source software such as Eprime, EEGLab or Mitsar, computer programming software or other image editing tools, but not limited to static view meridian intersection As a presentation point, a white light spot (but not limited to) with a light intensity unit (candela, cd) or a luminous flux (lumen, lm) of 1.0 mm to 10 mm is used as a data source for visual field-related visual information stimulation data flow; 2 application, but not limited to the Oddball or S1-S2 paradigm in the ERP stimulation paradigm to form a stimulus data stream; 3 the data stream is a sudden intermittent insertion of a plurality of spots of the same brightness, which are significantly different from the brightness of the spot having the first brightness
  • the spot can be presented in any ratio, interval, and presentation time.
  • step 2 the user views the presented visual stimulation flow, and collects the brain electricity generated by the user's attention or non-attention vision, such as the brain electricity generated by the user seeing or seeing the information.
  • the visual stimuli flow is visual stimulation information
  • the collected attentional or non-attention visual EEG information is analyzed: an EEG waveform having high amplitude and short latency characteristics including all components in the early, middle, middle, and late stages.
  • the picture shows the supra-visual visual acuity curve, indicating that the user can see the corresponding visual visual target; including all components in the early, middle, middle, late and late stages.
  • the EEG waveform with the amplitude decrease and the latent period is extended.
  • Threshold visual acuity curve indicating that the user can see the corresponding visual visual target; including early components or no waveforms, compared with the upper threshold and the threshold visual acuity curve, does not include the medium, middle and late components, and the early component amplitude is significantly reduced.
  • the electrical waveform diagram is a subliminal visual acuity curve, indicating that the user cannot see the corresponding visual visual target.
  • the user's threshold visual acuity is obtained by comparing the user's multiple sets of EEG waveforms.
  • the visual stimulation flow is color vision stimulation information
  • the collected attentional or non-attention visual EEG information is analyzed: an electroencephalogram waveform including all components of the early, middle, middle, late, and late stages, indicating that the user can identify the first Two colors; EEG waveforms that do not contain early, mid, late, and late components, indicating that the user is not able to distinguish the second color; contains some components in the early, middle, late, and late stages or compared to the color-identifying components
  • the EEG waveform with reduced amplitude and extended latency indicates that the user's ability to distinguish the second color is reduced;
  • the visual stimulation stream is visual field stimulation information.
  • the straight lines and the previous concentric circles constitute a meridian, and the visual field stimulation information (shown in FIG. 1b) is randomly presented at each intersection of the meridian, and the visual field stimulation information is included in the plurality of first brightness spots.
  • the brightness of the light spot has a second light spot with a significant difference and the same size.
  • the light spot can obtain an EEG waveform, it is proved that the intersection is an effective field of view, and the obtained EEG waveform can also be used as a reference waveform.
  • the figure is used for comparing with the EEG waveform obtained by the second spot to determine the sensitivity of the point to the brightness of the user.
  • early, middle, late or late components described above are used to determine the user's visual ability; early components include, but are not limited to, a positive wave P1 occurring at 100 ms, and a negative wave N1 appearing at 100-200 ms thereafter, with intermediate components including but not Limited to positive wave P2 occurring at 200 ms; intermediate and late components include, but are not limited to, negative wave N2 occurring at 200-400 ms; late components include, but are not limited to, positive wave P3 occurring at 300-700 ms.
  • a series of optotypes with the same matching perspective as the Chinese international standard static visual acuity chart is used as the data source, and the visual acuity data flow is used to excite brain visual attention or non-attention processing EEG.
  • the EEG components obtained by non-attentional visual information stimulation include early, middle, late, and late time domain related components and corresponding brain localization.
  • the visual acuity consistent with the subject's visual acuity (angle of view) is called threshold visual acuity; the viewing angle of the suprascopic visual acuity is greater than the viewing angle of the threshold visual acuity; the viewing angle of the subliminal visual acuity is smaller than the viewing angle of the threshold visual acuity.
  • the vision of the testee can be determined by the method of comparing the testees themselves. For example, if someone has a visual acuity of 0.4 (threshold visual acuity), 0.3 is his suprascopic visual acuity (the icon is larger), and 0.5 is his subthreshold visual acuity (the icon becomes smaller).
  • the present invention can be applied to subjects who do not cooperate with the examination, such as objective examination of eye damage in judicial identification, visual screening of clinical infants, visual screening of deaf people, etc., and the subject can be known by EEG. vision.
  • the subjects can be selected to perform their own comparisons at various levels of visual acuity.
  • three kinds of EEG temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of threshold, threshold and subthreshold visual acuity can be obtained as follows: 1 Threshold upper vision: The brain is induced by the brain to recognize visual information spontaneously, and can be detected in multiple brain regions, and the most widely distributed, generally in the posterior brain region (but not limited to), all brain wave formation in the early, middle, late, and late stages.
  • 2 threshold visual acuity spontaneously recognized visual information induced by brain-distributed brain compared with suprascopic visual information
  • the area is relatively concentrated, mainly concentrated in the posterior brain area (but not limited to), and is transformed to the central and anterior brain regions, presenting all the EEG waveform components in the early, middle, late, and late stages, but with the suprascopic visual acuity.
  • each group of visual acuity information the composition of visual acuity in the data stream is stimulated, and the corresponding EEG components are extracted and analyzed, and the one-to-one correspondence between EEG and visual acuity can be established.
  • the visual information stimulating data stream composed of four visual optics as an example (this can be analogized to the visual information stimulating data stream composed of different numbers of visual optics): Select a certain size optotype in the stimulus data stream as the standard stimulus Other stimuli are compared with them.
  • the visual acuity curve is stimulated in the data stream.
  • the amplitude decreases, the latency is extended to the basic characteristics, corresponding to the threshold visual acuity target; in the posterior brain region (but not limited to) present or not
  • the above-mentioned early wave components are presented, and compared with the threshold-up and threshold visual acuity curves, the mid-, late-, and late-wave components are not present, and the P1 amplitude of the early wave component is reduced as a basic sub-visual visual acuity.
  • the attention or non-attention EEG color stimuli stimulated by different color spot stimulation data streams are randomly given in different visual field ranges of 360 degrees, and the data source is the three primary colors (red, green and blue) in the color optics. Color, and a multi-color stimulus data stream formed by combining two or more of the three primary colors in any ratio.
  • EEG components obtained by careful or non-attentional random color vision processing include early, middle, late, and late temporal spatial correlation components.
  • the early component has a positive wave P1 of 100ms (but not limited to), followed by a 100-200ms (but not limited to) negative wave N1; the medium-phase component has a positive wave P2 of 200ms (but not limited to);
  • the composition has a negative wave N2 occurring at 200-400 ms (but not limited to); its late component is a positive wave P3 occurring at 300-700 ms (but not limited to).
  • the primary color of the three primary colors and the other mixed color systems may be the same or arbitrary, and the composition analysis is performed with a small probability and a large probability.
  • the brain electricity induced by various color stimuli information is formed when the brain spontaneously recognizes color vision information.
  • the color system is presented with the same or different probability in three (but not limited to) colors.
  • the three primary colors in the same probability are at high amplitude (including peak amplitude). And the average amplitude), short latency (including peak latency and average latency) are characterized.
  • the mixed color system has different degrees of fluctuation of various components, and is not accompanied by or accompanied by changes in latency.
  • High probability (including peak amplitude and average amplitude) and short latency (including peak latency and average latency) are characterized by small probability of large probability in different probability color systems.
  • the red-green visual target and the red visual target appearing at a higher frequency than the green visual target to form the color-sensing information stimulus data stream (this can be analogized to the color-sensing information stimuli data stream composed of different color optotypes):
  • the brain region (but not limited to) can present all wave components in the early, middle, late, and late stages, with high amplitude (including peak amplitude and average amplitude) and short latency (including peak latency and average latency) corresponding to red-green
  • the standard indicates that the subject has a strong ability to distinguish the red-green target; in the posterior brain region (but not limited to), all the wave components in the early, middle, middle, late and late stages are compared, and the amplitude is decreased compared with the red-green curve.
  • the latent period is extended to the basic characteristics, which also corresponds to the red-green visual target, but it indicates that the subject's ability to distinguish the red-green target is weak; in the posterior brain region (but not limited to), the early wave component is presented or not, and the medium-term component is not present.
  • the P1 amplitude reduction of the early wave components is obviously the basic feature, but it cannot correspond to the red and green standard stimuli, indicating that the subjects cannot distinguish the red and green labels. And so on.
  • 1 When the subject is able to distinguish a certain color, it corresponds to all the wave components in the early, middle, late and late stages in the posterior brain region (but not limited to); 2 when the subject is unable to distinguish When a certain color (ie, color blindness to a certain color) does not present the early, middle, late, and late stage EEG waveform components in the corresponding posterior brain region; 3 when the subject distinguishes a certain color When the ability is diminished (that is, the color is weak for a certain color), the EEG waveform components in the early, middle, middle, late, and late stages are present in the corresponding posterior brain region, but the corresponding comparison with 1 indicates the latency of each component of the EEG. Prolonged and reduced amplitude.
  • the user's color perception ability is obtained, such as normal, color blindness or color weakness to one or several colors.
  • the data source is an international computer automatic field of view, application but not Limited to a series of optotypes that match the light intensity or luminous flux with a standard perimeter design such as Godman.
  • the EEG component obtained by the subject's brain attention or non-attentional visual field information processing includes early (but not limited to) P1 time domain related components, including but not limited to delta frequency domain related components.
  • the early components of the time domain include a positive wave P1 of 100ms (but not limited to), followed by a negative wave N1 of 100-200ms (but not limited to) after P1; the medium component includes a positive wave of 200ms (but not limited to) P2; wherein the late component comprises a negative wave N2 occurring 200-400 ms (but not limited to); the late component comprises a positive wave P3 occurring 300-700 ms (but not limited to).
  • the frequency domain components include frequency bands (but are not limited to): Delta (0-4 Hz), Theta (4-8 Hz), Alpha (8-12 Hz), Beta (12-35 Hz), and Gama (35 Hz or higher).
  • the posterior brain region in the posterior brain region (but not limited to) present all of the above EEG waveform components in the early, middle, late and late stages, with amplitude (including peak amplitude and average amplitude), latency (including peak latency) And the average latency) is the identification feature.
  • the effective field of view is compared with the defect field curve, and the early positive wave P1 in the positive wave (but not limited to) exhibits a high amplitude and a short latency is a basic feature.
  • the frequency domain is used to observe the power values of each frequency band under different visual field conditions, and the physiological region distribution of each frequency band generated by visual stimulation under normal conditions is taken as the standard. When the visual field is deficient, the distribution of physiological regions in each frequency band changes.
  • the 360-degree range of visual field induced attention or non-attention EEG time domain components are (but not limited to) central and top regions, midline brain regions are most obvious changes, midline stimulation corresponds to midline brain region ERP waveform, non-midline stimulation region and ERP waveform brain region In a cross correspondence.
  • the 360-degree range of visual field induced attention or non-attention EEG frequency domain ERO components in the frequency band (but not limited to) Theta, Alpha, Beta as the main change, the stimulus orientation (from the central to the periphery) and the power size to form a linear or nonlinear corresponding change Characteristics, and presenting midline stimulation corresponding to EROs in the midline brain region, and the non-midline stimulation region and the EROs brain region are in a cross-corresponding relationship.
  • the physical parameters of the 360-degree field of view are established according to the computer stimulation acquisition program, including (but not limited to) stimulation code, timing, azimuth, light intensity or luminous flux, and the brain electrical stimulation point is obtained by collecting non-attention field EEG and automatic tracking and screening.
  • the ERPs and EROs feature components are extracted and classified.
  • the effective field of view gray scale map is obtained by using the same field of view light spot three times (but not limited to) to give different light intensity or luminous flux to induce the average value of the brain electrical component. In this way, it can replace the current visual field and test the unconstrained subjects, that is, the spot light that can be seen has the corresponding EEG, and the visual field defect is not visible, and no EEG is generated. You can draw a field of view.
  • the present invention also provides a system for identifying attention or non-attention visual information, as shown in FIG. 6, comprising: a presentation module for presenting a stimulus flow to a user; and an acquisition module comprising a multi-lead electrode cap for detecting an EEG signal And an event-related potential acquisition module composed of a multi-lead brain electrical amplifier connected thereto, for collecting user attention or non-attention visual EEG information, and transmitting the information to the processing and analysis module of the EEG information;
  • the information processing and analysis module is configured to receive EEG information, analyze waveform patterns generated by EEG information, and locate brain regions.
  • the system further comprises a visual stimulation information making module, which can generate visual stimulation information, color vision stimulation information and visual field stimulation information, and transmit the information to the presentation module.
  • a visual stimulation information making module which can generate visual stimulation information, color vision stimulation information and visual field stimulation information, and transmit the information to the presentation module. The method of making the stimulus information is described above.
  • the processing and analysis module of the EEG information further includes: an EEG recording synchronization unit, configured to synchronize the time frequency of the occurrence of the stimulation event with the time frequency of the EEG triggered, so as to complete the search for the stimulation event at a certain point in time.
  • the induced EEG achieves the goal of stimulating events and eliciting EEG.
  • the EEG signal processing and analysis module is implemented by the methods in steps 3 and 4 above, and is used to give the user's vision, color perception recognition ability, and effective field of view.
  • the invention has the advantages that the designed vision-related stimulation information is divided into threshold upper threshold, threshold value and sub-threshold stimulation, and the presentation mode is mixed stimulation flow presentation; 2 the visual field-related stimulation information designed is consistent with the international standard visual field, but stimulated The flow pattern is mixed and presented; the color perception-related stimulation information designed by the 3 is derived from different colors based on the red, yellow and blue ternary colors, and the presentation mode is mixed with the stimulus flow; 4 the above-mentioned presentation mode can be designed when the subject does not cooperate Visual information EEG is extracted in non-attention situations; 5 visual stimulation information and presentation methods can be self-aligned to eliminate individual differences; 6 EEG analysis methods can distinguish threshold, threshold and subthreshold conditions The electroencephalogram morphology of the vision-related stimulation information processing and the brain regions involved; 7 The EEG analysis method can distinguish the EEG generated from different visual field stimulation information and the corresponding brain regions, and can reflect the subjects The corresponding field of view; 8 established EEG analysis methods can distinguish the EEG generated by different color stimul
  • the brain has an automatic recognition and feedback loop of external visual stimulation information, and the EEG loop is not subject to eye and peripheral visual attention and awareness.
  • EEG acquisition and EEG features of brain spontaneous recognition information generated by different visual information are stimulated and analyzed, and the relationship between visual stimulation, characteristic EEG, and corresponding brain regions is established.

Abstract

一种判断用户视觉能力的方法，包括：步骤1，呈现一组或多组视觉刺激流；步骤2，采集用户注意或非注意视觉产生的脑电信息，脑电信息包括脑电波形图及其对应的脑部区域；步骤3，将视觉刺激流和对应的脑电波形图按时间分组；步骤4，根据用户脑电波形图判定用户的视觉能力。该方法可对注意力不集中、无法固视视觉信息和不能主动配合检测者进行视觉功能的客观检测。

Description

一种判断用户视觉能力的方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及心理物理学领域，尤其涉及一种通过脑电识别注意或非注意视觉信息的方法和系统。
背景技术
目前，国内外尚没有能够精确识别视觉功能的方法和仪器设备，临床上主要依靠视觉诱发电位(visual evoke potential,VEP)对视力进行粗略检测，所使用的VEP包括闪光VEP(flash VEP,fVEP)、图形反转VEP(pattern reversal VEP,PRVEP)、扫描图形VEP(sweep pattern VEP,SPVEP)、多焦VEP(multifocal VEP,mVEP)。随着脑磁图(electric magnetoencephalography,EMG)和功能性磁共振(functional magnetic resonance image,fMRI)的出现，也有人开始将其用于视觉认知功能的研究中。但相对于EMG和fMRI而言，脑认知事件相关电位(cerebral event related potentials,c-ERPs)、事件相关频谱(event-related oscillations,EROs)给视觉信息加工脑机接口的建立提供了更加便捷和经济的方式，但以往报道的所有方法均需要人的主观配合，在不配合的情况下仍然难以形成有效的视觉功能分析结果。
(1)视力(visual acuity)检查相关背景技术
视力(亦称视敏度)是眼睛的空间辨别能力，视力检查属于心理物理学范畴，反映出的结果是由高级视中枢对刺激进行复杂处理和分析后所做出的综合判断，是在整个视觉信息加工高级中枢的参与下完成的。上世纪90年代至今，我们及国内其他学者曾建立模式翻转图像视觉诱发电位(PRVEP)脑电P100与视力相关性的回归方程，可以大概判定被试者的视力，但上述方法与视力表筛查结果并不完全一致。近年来，有研究者探索了联合应用VEP和固视性质检查方法来评估客观视力，还先后研究了PRVEP及扫描图形视觉诱发电位(SPVEP)与视力的相关性，但都不能反映 高级视中枢对视觉信息刺激进行复杂处理和分析的整个过程，无法建立视力信息与大脑之间的脑-机接口，且上述所有方法都需要被试者的主观配合，有利于定量检测视力。
(2)视野(visual field)检查相关背景技术
视野被分为30°范围内的中心视野和30°以外的周围视野，其中5°范围以内称为黄斑视野，位于5°～30°的区域则称为旁中心区或Bjerrum区。目前已经开发出许多视野检查方法，包括短波长自动视野检查(short-wavelength automated perimetry)、运动觉视野检查(motion perimetry)、倍频视野检查(frequency doubling technology,FDT)、高通分辨(high-pass resolution perimetry)和模型辨别视野检查(pattern discrimination perimetry)、自动瞳孔视野检查(automated pupil perimetry)、闪烁视野检查(flicker perimetry)、微视野检查(microperimetry)等，这些检测方法有各自的优缺点，但均需受试者的主观配合才能得出检查结果。有理论认为，视野c-ERPs的研究属于视觉空间注意(visual-spatial attention,VSA)中方位研究的一种，大脑对视野刺激的反应不受人的主观意识支配，可以揭示大脑对视野信息处理的机制，提示ERP可用于定量检测视野。
(3)色觉(color vision)检查相关背景技术
色觉也是视觉功能的重要组成部分，是由不同波长的各种可见光作用于视网膜上对红、绿和蓝色敏感的三种视锥细胞感受器，并经其将色觉信号转换为电化学信号，再经过视觉系统网络的层层投射、编码及处理，最后在大脑视觉中枢所形成的一种主观感觉。目前对色觉缺陷相关检测方法可大致分为三条途径：心理物理学的途径、分子生物学的途径和眼电生理途径。在目前常用的定量色觉检测方法中，色觉镜检测的方法较为准确，其原理是通过受检者对特定颜色的匹配来判断其色觉状况。如Nagel色觉异常检查镜，分I、II两型。I型对红、绿色盲和红、绿色弱敏感；II型 的不同之处是使用了很亮的短波长光源，此时3种色觉异常的视敏感度曲线的分布不同，因此更容易区分色觉异常的类型。其他还有如Moreland色觉镜、Besancon色觉镜、Neitz色觉镜和Pickford-Nicolson色觉镜等，但色觉镜检查的专业性较强，而且也需要被试者的主观配合。2003年，中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室与协和医院眼科联合研制出国内第一台全自动双匹配色觉检测仪，并获国家实用新型专利(专利批准号：ZL982074298)，此仪器能够精细地检测各种类型的色觉功能障碍，但同样需要被试者的配合，无法进行自动定量检测。虽然cVEP已经被公认为是定量检测视网膜病变造成的色觉功能障碍的方法，但针对高位视路(视交叉后)或中枢通路损害引起的色觉异常无法检测，而应用事件相关电位(ERPs)则可以检测到这种病人的脑电变化，提示ERP可以用于各种原因引起的色觉功能障碍定量检测。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明提出一种即能够识别注意视觉信息也能够识别非注意视觉信息的方法和系统。
根据本发明的一个方面，提出一种识别注意/非注意视觉信息的方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1，呈现一组或多组视觉刺激流；步骤2，采集用户注意/非注意视觉对应的脑电信息，脑电信息包括脑电波形图及其对应的脑部区域；步骤3，将视觉刺激流和对应的脑电波形图按时间分组；步骤4，根据用户脑电波形图判定用户的视觉能力。
其中，视觉刺激流为由视力视标组成的视力刺激信息、由颜色组成的色觉刺激信息或以360度不同视野范围内随机给予的单发光点组成的视野刺激信息。
进一步的，视力刺激信息为朝向相同的多个连续视标中包含与连续视标大小相同、朝向不同的第一视标。
视标刺激产生的脑电波包含明显的早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，具有高波幅、短潜伏期特征的脑电波形图为阈上视力曲线，表示用户能够明显看清相应的视力视标；
包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，与阈上视力曲线相比，各成分波幅下降、潜伏期延长的脑电波形图为阈值视力曲线，表示用户刚好能看清相应的视力视标；
与阈上和阈值视力曲线相比，不包含中期、中晚期及晚期成分，不包含早期成分或包含的早期成分波幅降低明显的脑电波形图为阈下视力曲线，表示用户看不清相应的视力视标。
通过用户的多组脑电波形图对比，获得用户的阈值视力。
进一步的，色觉刺激信息为连续多个具有第一颜色的视标中包含与所述视标大小相同、具有第二颜色、饱和度和亮度相同或减弱的第二视标。
视标刺激产生的脑电包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分的脑电波形图，表明用户能够识别第二颜色；
不包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期成分的脑电波形图，表明用户不能够辨别第二颜色；
包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的部分成分或与能够辨别颜色的成分相比较波幅降低、潜伏期延长的脑电波形图，表明用户辨别第二颜色的能力减退；
通过用户的多组脑电波形图对比，判断用户辨别第二颜色的能力是正常、色盲或色弱。
进一步的，视野刺激信息为具有第一亮度的多个光点中包含与所述光点大小相同、具有第二亮度的第二光点，第二亮度和第一亮度显著不同。
按照标准视野分区方法，以圆点为中心的同心圆和通过圆心的子午线(如图1a所示，每间隔15度一条子午线，每隔10度一个同心圆)的交叉 点上随机呈现上述的光点或第一亮点(如图1b所示)。
光点刺激产生的脑电包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，且早期成分波幅高、潜伏期短的脑电波形图，表示相应的亮点区域为有效视野；有效视野对应的脑电波形图为基准波形图，可以用于判断用户对第二光点的敏感性。如果缺少中晚期成分，则表示用户对第二光点不敏感。
上述的早期、中期、中晚期或晚期成分用于判断用户的视觉能力；早期成分包括但不限于在100ms出现的正波，和之后在100-200ms出现的负波，中期成分包括但不限于在200ms出现的正波；中晚期成分包括但不限于在200-400ms出现的负波；晚期成分包括但不限于在300-700ms出现的正波。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种判断用户视觉能力的系统，包括：
呈现模块，用于向用户呈现刺激流；
采集模块，包括由检测脑电信号的多导联电极帽和与之相连的多导联脑电放大器组成的事件相关电位采集模块，用于采集用户非注意视觉产生的脑电信息，并将信息发送到脑电信息的处理和分析模块；
脑电信息的处理和分析模块，用于接收脑电信息，对脑电信息产生的波形图进行分析和脑区定位。
脑电信息的处理和分析模块还包括脑电记录同步单元，用于将刺激事件出现的时间频率与所引发的脑电的时间频率同步化。
进一步的，还包括视觉刺激信息制作模块。
通过本发明，可以通过脑电精确识别注意/非注意视觉刺激信息问题，如视力相关视觉刺激信息问题、色觉相关视觉刺激信息问题、视野相关视觉刺激信息问题，从而判定用户的视觉能力。
附图说明
图1a为视野分区方法示意图；
图1b为刺激亮点部位示意图；
图2为根据本发明一个实施例的一种识别注意/非注意视觉信息的方法的流程图；
图3为根据本发明一个实施例的一种识别视力相关信息的方法的示意图；
图4为根据本发明一个实施例的一种识别色觉相关信息的方法的示意图；
图5为根据本发明一个实施例的一种识别视野相关信息的方法的示意图；
图6为根据本发明一个实施例的一种识别视野相关信息的系统结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提供的一种通过脑电识别注意/非注意视觉信息的方法和系统进行详细描述。
在以下的描述中，将描述本发明的多个不同的方面，然而，对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，可以仅仅利用本发明的一些或者全部结构或者流程来实施本发明。为了解释的明确性而言，阐述了特定的数目、配置和顺序，但是很明显，在没有这些特定细节的情况下也可以实施本发明。在其他情况下，为了不混淆本发明，对于一些众所周知的特征将不再进行详细阐述。
在本领域中，事件相关电位是专有名词，指某一种事件刺激后所引出的脑电信号，在本发明中指的是通过视觉信息刺激事件所引出的相关脑电信号。
本发明提供一种通过脑电识别注意或非注意视觉信息的方法，如图2所示，根据本发明的一个方面，提出一种识别注意或非注意视觉信息的方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1，呈现一组或多组视觉刺激流；步骤2，采集用户注意或非注意视觉对应的脑电信息，脑电信息包括脑电波形图及其对应的 脑部区域；步骤3，将视觉刺激流和对应的脑电波形图按时间分组；步骤4，根据用户脑电波形图判定用户的视觉能力。
进一步的，在呈现视觉刺激信息数据流的时候，可同时在环境中呈现听觉刺激(如评书、朗诵等)。
其中，视觉刺激流为由视力视标组成的视力刺激信息、色觉刺激信息或以360度不同视野范围内随机给予的单发光点组成的视野刺激信息。
在步骤1中，向用户呈现多组视觉刺激流。视觉刺激流可以包括视力刺激信息流、色觉刺激信息流、视野刺激信息流。
(1)视力刺激信息流的制作和呈现方式如下：①应用但不限于Eprime、EEGLab或Mitsar等开源及电脑程序设计软件或其他图像编辑工具，以(但不限于)对数视力表或LogMar视力表等视标作为视力相关视觉信息刺激数据流的数据源；②应用但不限于涵盖0.01～1.2所对应的所有视标，应用但不限于事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)刺激范式中的Oddball或S1-S2范式形成刺激数据流；③数据流为某一朝向连续呈现的多个视标中突然间断插入一个与其朝向不同的、大小相同的视标，视标的视角梯级呈连续性(如0.1,0.2,0.3…等)或不连续性(如0.1,0.3,0.5,0.8…等)，数据流可以是从0.01视标连续至1.2视标，也可以是三个或三个以上不同梯级视标的任意组合，视标可以按任意的比例、间隔时间和呈现时间呈现。
(2)色觉刺激信息流的制作和呈现方式如下：①应用但不限于Eprime、EEGLab或Mitsar等开源软件及电脑程序设计软件或其他图像编辑工具，以三原色及其任意组合后的颜色做成圆形(直径任意)作为色觉相关视觉信息刺激数据流的数据源；②应用但不限于ERP刺激范式中的Oddball或S1-S2范式形成刺激数据流；③数据流为连续以第一颜色呈现视标中突然插入一个与其大小相同、具有第二颜色、饱和度和亮度相同或减弱的视标，视标可以 按任意的比例、间隔时间和呈现时间呈现。
(3)视野刺激信息流的制作和呈现方式如下：①应用但不限于Eprime、EEGLab或Mitsar等开源软件及电脑程序设计软件或其他图像编辑工具，以(但不限于)静态视野图子午线相交点作为呈现点，以不同光强度单位(candela,cd)或光通量(lumen,lm)的直径为1.0mm～10mm的以白色光点(但不限于)作为视野相关视觉信息刺激数据流的数据源；②应用但不限于ERP刺激范式中的Oddball或S1-S2范式形成刺激数据流；③数据流为多个具有第一亮度的光点中突然间断插入与其亮度呈显著差异的、同样大小的光点，光点可以按任意的比例、间隔时间和呈现时间呈现。
在步骤2中，用户观看呈现的视觉刺激流，采集用户注意或非注意视觉所产生的脑电，比如用户正视或余光看到的信息所产生的脑电。
在一个实施例中，视觉刺激流为视力刺激信息，分析所采集的注意或非注意视觉脑电信息：包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，具有高波幅、短潜伏期特征的脑电波形图为阈上视力曲线，表示用户能够看清相应的视力视标；包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，与阈上视力曲线相比，具有波幅下降、潜伏期延长的脑电波形图为阈值视力曲线，表示用户刚好能看清相应的视力视标；包含早期成分或者无波形，与阈上和阈值视力曲线相比，不包含中期、中晚期及晚期成分，早期成分波幅降低明显的脑电波形图为阈下视力曲线，表示用户看不清相应的视力视标。
通过用户的多组脑电波形图对比，获得用户的阈值视力。
在另一个实施例中，视觉刺激流为色觉刺激信息，分析所采集的注意或非注意视觉脑电信息：包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分的脑电波形图，表明用户能够识别第二颜色；不包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期成分的脑电波形图，表明用户不能够辨别第二颜色；包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的部分成分或与能够辨别颜色的成分相比较波幅降低、潜伏期延长的脑电 波形图，表明用户辨别第二颜色的能力减退；
通过用户的多组脑电波形图对比，判断用户辨别第二颜色的能力是正常、色盲或色弱。
在又一个实施例中，视觉刺激流为视野刺激信息。按照标准视野分区方法，以圆点为中心，每隔10度画一个同心圆，一直画到80度；之后在圆的360度范围每间隔15度画一条通过圆心的直线(如图1a所示)，这些直线与之前的同心圆构成子午线，在子午线的每个交叉点随机呈现视野刺激信息(如图1b所示)，该视野刺激信息为多个第一亮度的光点中包含与所述光点的亮度具有显著差异、大小相同的第二光点，若所述的光点能够获得脑电波形图，则证明该交叉点为有效视野，所获得的脑电波形图也可作为基准波形图，用于与第二光点所获得的脑电波形图进行比较，来确定用户该点对光亮度的敏感性。
分析所有光点刺激所得到的注意或非注意视觉脑电信息：包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，且早期成分波幅高、潜伏期短的脑电波形图，表示相应的光点区域为有效视野。
上述的早期、中期、中晚期或晚期成分用于判断用户的视觉能力；早期成分包括但不限于在100ms出现的正波P1，和之后在100-200ms出现的负波N1，中期成分包括但不限于在200ms出现的正波P2；中晚期成分包括但不限于在200-400ms出现的负波N2；晚期成分包括但不限于在300-700ms出现的正波P3。
实施例1：
(1)如图3所示，以与中国国际标准静态视力表等同匹配视角的系列视标为数据源，按照前述视力刺激数据流激发出大脑视觉注意或非注意加工脑电，这种注意或非注意随意视觉信息刺激获得的脑电成分包含了早期、中 期、中晚期和晚期时域相关成分以及相应的脑区定位。与被试者视力(视角)一致的视力称为阈值视力；阈上视力的视角大于阈值视力的视角；阈下视力的视角小于阈值视力的视角。划分以后可以通过对被测试者自身比对的方法实现对其视力的确定。如某人的视力为0.4(阈值视力)，0.3就是他的阈上视力(图标更大)，而0.5就是他的阈下视力(图标变小)。当刺激流出现时他一定能看到0.3和0.4的视标，就会分别引发出相应的脑电，而0.5视标出现时则不能引出，这样就可以通过脑电确认他的视力为0.4。所以本发明就可以应用于不配合检查的被试者，如司法鉴定眼损伤的客观检查、临床婴幼儿视力筛查、聋哑人的视力筛查等，通过脑电就可以知道被试者的视力。
可以同时选取被试者在多种视力视标水平下的脑电进行自身比对，比如三种，可以得出阈上、阈值和阈下视力的脑电时空分布特征如下：①阈上视力：该脑电为大脑自发识别视觉信息所诱导，可在多个脑区检测到，分布最广泛，一般在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的所有脑电波形成分，以高波幅(包括峰振幅和平均振幅)、短潜伏期(包括峰潜伏期和平均潜伏期)为特征；②阈值视力：与阈上视觉信息相比，自发识别视觉信息所诱导的脑电分布脑区相对集中，主要集中在后部脑区(但不限于)，并向中央及前部脑区递变，呈现上述早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有脑电波形成分，但与阈上视力各对应脑区的脑电相比，呈现波幅下降、潜伏期延长的基本特征；③阈下视力：在后部脑区为主呈现上述早期脑电波形成分，但与阈上和阈值视力各对应脑区的脑电相比，在后部脑区(但不限于)不呈现中期、中晚期及晚期波成分，早期脑电波形成分P1也呈现为波幅降低明显的特征。
(2)根据每一组视力信息刺激数据流中视力视标的组成，提取与其相对应的脑电成分并分析其特征，可以建立脑电与视力视标的一一对应关系。以四个视力视标所组成的视觉信息刺激数据流为例(以此可以类推到不同数 量视力视标所组成的视力信息刺激数据流)：选择刺激数据流中某个大小视标作为标准刺激，其他刺激与其进行比对。根据几组视力信息刺激数据流中视力曲线，与阈上视力曲线相比，波幅下降，潜伏期延长为基本特征的，对应于阈值视力视标；在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现或不呈现以上早期波成分，与阈上和阈值视力曲线相比，不呈现中期、中晚期及晚期波成分，早期波成分P1波幅降低明显为基本特征的对应阈下视力视标。
(3)根据上面的分析，得出用户的阈值视力。
实施例2
(1)如图4所示，以360度不同视野范围内随机给予不同颜色光点刺激数据流激发的注意或非注意脑电色觉刺激，数据源为色光学中三原色(红绿蓝)为基本色，以及由三原色中两种及以上色光以任意比例组合形成的多色系刺激数据流。通过注意或非注意随意色觉信息加工获得的脑电成分包含有早期、中期、中晚期和晚期时空域相关成分。其早期成分以100ms(但不限于)出现的正波P1，此后接续出现的100-200ms(但不限于)负波N1；其中期成分以200ms(但不限于)出现的正波P2；其中晚期成分以200-400ms(但不限于)出现的负波N2；其晚期成分以300-700ms(但不限于)出现的正波P3。三原色基色和其他混合色系概率可相同也可任意，成分分析以概率由小及大进行。各种色觉刺激信息所诱导的脑电为大脑自发识别色觉信息时所形成，色系中以三种(但不限于)颜色以相同或者不同概率呈现，相同概率中三原色以高波幅(包括峰振幅和平均振幅)、短潜伏期(包括峰潜伏期和平均潜伏期)为特征，混合色系与三原色系曲线相比，各种成分波幅不同程度的降低，不伴有或伴有潜伏期的变化为基本特征。不同概率色系中以小概率较大概率呈现高波幅(包括峰振幅和平均振幅)、短潜伏期(包括峰潜伏期和平均潜伏期)为特征。
(2)红绿视标且红色视标出现频率高于绿色视标所组成的色觉信息刺激数据流为例(以此可以类推到不同颜色视标所组成的色觉信息刺激数据流)：在后部脑区(但不限于)能够呈现早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有波成分，具有高波幅(包括峰振幅和平均振幅)、短潜伏期(包括峰潜伏期和平均潜伏期)的则对应红绿色视标，说明被试者对红绿色标的辨别能力很强；在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现以上早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有波成分，与红绿色标曲线相比，波幅下降，潜伏期延长为基本特征的，同样对应于红绿色视标，但说明被试者对红绿色标的辨别能力较弱；在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现或不呈现早期波成分，不呈现中期、中晚期及晚期波成分，早期波成分P1波幅降低明显为基本特征的则无法对应红绿色标刺激，说明被试者无法对红绿色标进行辨别。以此类推。即：①当被试者能够辨别某一种颜色时，与其对应在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现出上述早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有波成分；②当被试者不能够辨别某一种颜色(即对某一颜色色盲)时，则在其对应的后部脑区不呈现上述早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的脑电波形成分；③当被试者辨别某一种颜色能力减退(即对某一颜色色弱)时，则在其对应的后部脑区呈现上述早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的脑电波形成分，但与①中对应比较显示脑电各成分的潜伏期延长、波幅降低。
(3)根据上面的分析，得出用户的色觉能力，如正常、对某一种或某几种颜色色盲或色弱。
实施例3
(1)如图5所示，以360度不同视野范围内，给予不同白色光点刺激数据流激发的注意或非注意脑电视野刺激，数据源为与国际通用电脑自动视野计，应用但不限于与Godman等标准视野计设计等同匹配光强或光通量的系列视标。通过被试者大脑注意或非注意随意视野信息加工获得的脑电成分 包含早期(但不限于)P1时域相关成分、包含(但不限于)delta频域相关成分。其时域早期成分包括100ms(但不限于)出现的正波P1，P1之后接续的100-200ms(但不限于)出现的负波N1；其中期成分包括200ms(但不限于)出现的正波P2；其中晚期成分包括200-400ms(但不限于)出现的负波N2；其晚期成分包括300-700ms(但不限于)出现的正波P3。频域成分包含频段(但不限于)：Delta(0-4Hz)、Theta(4-8Hz)、Alpha(8-12Hz)、Beta(12-35Hz)、Gama(35Hz以上)。对于有效视野或者缺损视野刺激：在后部脑区(但不限于)呈现以上早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有脑电波形成分，以波幅(包括峰振幅和平均振幅)、潜伏期(包括峰潜伏期和平均潜伏期)为识别特征。有效视野与缺损视野曲线相比，正波(但不限于)中的早期正波P1呈现高波幅、短潜伏期为基本特征。频域观察各频段在不同视野条件下引导的功率值为特征，并以正常状态下视觉刺激产生的各频段生理区域分布为标准。当视野缺损时，各频段生理区域分布发生变化。
(2)360度范围刺激野与注意或非注意加工脑电的时域EROs成分、频域成分存在关联，并和脑区部位存在对应关系。中心视野(0度至30度)的光强或光通量范围越大，非注意加工脑电的ERP波形成分波幅越高，潜伏期越短。以正波(但不限于)P1、P2的变化为主要特征。周边视野(30度至90度)的光强或光通量范围越大，注意或非注意加工脑电的ERP波形成分波幅越低，潜伏期越长，以正波(但不限于)P3的变化为主要特征。360度范围视野诱导注意或非注意脑电时域成分以(但不限于)中央及顶区、中线脑区变化最为明显，中线刺激对应中线脑区ERP波形，非中线刺激区域与ERP波形脑区呈交叉对应关系。
360度范围视野诱导注意或非注意脑电的频域ERO成分以频带(但不限于)Theta、Alpha、Beta为主要变化，刺激方位(从中央至外周)与功率大小形成线性或非线性对应变化特征，并呈现中线刺激对应中线脑区EROs，非 中线刺激区域与EROs脑区呈交叉对应关系。根据计算机刺激采集程序确立360度视野光点的物理参数包括(但不限于)刺激代码、时序、方位、光强或光通量，通过采集非注意视野脑电和自动追踪筛选得出脑电刺激点对应的ERPs和EROs特征成分，并分类提取。以同一视野光点三次(但不限于)给予不同光强或光通量诱导脑电成分平均值做为基准获得有效视野灰阶图。这样就可以取代现在的视野仪，对不配合的被试者进行检测，即能看到的光点就有对应的脑电出现，视野缺损部位看不到就不产生脑电，根据这些点就可以绘制出视野图。
(3)根据上面的分析，得出用户的有效视野。该部分同样能够应用于前述的各类被试者及相应领域。
本发明还提供一种识别注意或非注意视觉信息的系统，如图6所示，包括：呈现模块，用于向用户呈现刺激流；采集模块，包括由检测脑电信号的多导联电极帽和与之相连的多导联脑电放大器组成的事件相关电位采集模块，用于采集用户注意或非注意视觉脑电信息，并将所述信息发送到脑电信息的处理和分析模块；脑电信息的处理和分析模块，用于接收脑电信息，对脑电信息产生的波形图进行分析和脑区定位。
进一步的，该系统还包括视觉刺激信息制作模块，可以制作视力刺激信息、色觉刺激信息和视野刺激信息，并传给呈现模块显示。刺激信息的制作方法见上面的描述。
脑电信息的处理和分析模块，还包括：脑电记录同步单元，用于将刺激事件出现的时间频率与所引发的脑电的时间频率同步化，以便完成查找某一时间点的刺激事件所诱发出的脑电，达到刺激事件与所引出脑电的相互对应的目的。
脑电信号处理和分析模块，采用上面步骤3和步骤4中的方法实现，用于给出用户视力、色觉识别能力、有效视野范围。
本发明的优势在于①所设计的视力相关刺激信息划分为阈上、阈值和阈下刺激，呈现方式为刺激流混合呈现；②所设计的视野相关刺激信息与国际标准视野仪一致，但以刺激流方式混合呈现；③所设计的色觉相关刺激信息以红黄蓝三元色为基础衍生不同颜色，呈现方式为刺激流混合呈现；④所设计的上述呈现方式可在被试者不配合时的非注意情况下提取到视觉信息脑电；⑤所设计的视觉刺激信息及呈现方法可以进行自身比对，消除个体差异；⑥所建立的脑电分析方法可区分出阈上、阈值和阈下情况下的视力相关刺激信息加工的脑电形态以及所涉及的脑区；⑦所建立的脑电分析方法可区分出不同视野刺激信息的所产生的脑电及相应脑区，并能够反映出被试者的相应视野；⑧所建立的脑电分析方法可区分出不同色觉刺激信息的所产生的脑电及相应脑区，并能够反映出被试者的相应的色觉识别功能。
总之，视觉信息在外周-中枢(大脑)-外周的整体加工过程中，大脑存在对外界视觉刺激信息的自动识别与反馈环路，并且该脑电环路不受眼及外周视觉注意和意识程度的影响。通过不同视觉信息(包括视力、色觉、视野)刺激流刺激产生的大脑自发识别信息的脑电采集及脑电特征进行提取和分析，并建立视觉刺激、特征脑电及对应脑区的相互关系，能够：①明确大脑自主处理视觉信息时所对应的区域部位；②可以通过本发明所建立的对应关系，从视觉高级加工层面对各种注意力不集中、或无法很好固视视觉信息、或不能主动配合视力、视野、色觉等视觉功能检测者进行视觉功能的客观检测；③可以鉴别诊断外周性或中枢性视觉功能障碍等，弥补现有视觉领域传统视力、视野、色觉功能检测的空白和不足。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以描述本发明的技术方案而不是对本 技术方法进行限制，本发明在应用上可以延伸为其他的修改、变化、应用和实施例，并且因此认为所有这样的修改、变化、应用、实施例都在本发明的精神和教导范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种判断用户视觉能力的方法，包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，呈现一组或多组视觉刺激流；
    步骤2，采集用户注意或非注意视觉对应的脑电信息，所述脑电信息包括脑电波形图和所述脑电波形图对应的脑部区域；
    步骤3，将所述视觉刺激流和对应的脑电信息按时间分组；和
    步骤4，根据所述脑电信息判定用户的视觉能力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述步骤4包括：
    通过脑电波形图包含早期、中期、中晚期或晚期成分来判断用户的视觉能力；早期成分包括在100ms出现的正波，和之后在100-200ms出现的负波，中期成分包括在200ms出现的正波；中晚期成分包括在200-400ms出现的负波；晚期成分包括在300-700ms出现的正波。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述步骤1中的视觉刺激流为视力刺激信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述视力刺激信息为朝向相同的多个连续视标中包含与所述视标大小相同、朝向不同的第一视标。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述步骤4包括：
    包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，具有高波幅、短潜伏期特征的脑电波形图为阈上视力曲线，表示用户能够看清相应的视力视标；
    包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，与所述阈上视力曲线相比，具体波幅下降、潜伏期延长的脑电波形图为阈值视力曲线，表示用户刚好能看清相应的视力视标；
    与所述阈上视力曲线和阈值视力曲线相比，不包含中期、中晚期及晚期成分，不包含早期成分或早期成分波幅降低明显的脑电波形图为阈下视力曲线，表示用户看不清相应的视力视标；以及
    通过多组用户的脑电波形图对比，获得用户的阈值视力。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述步骤1中的视觉刺激流为色觉刺激信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述色觉刺激信息为连续多个具有第一颜色的视标中插入与所述视标大小相同、具有第二颜色、饱和度和亮度相同或减弱的第二视标。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述步骤4包括：
    包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分的脑电波形图，表明用户能够识别所述第二颜色；
    不包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期成分的脑电波形图，表明用户不能够辨别所述第二颜色；
    包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期的部分成分或与能够辨别颜色的成分相比较波幅降低、潜伏期延长的脑电波形图，表明用户辨别所述第二颜色的能力减退；以及
    通过多组用户的脑电波形图对比，判断用户对于所述第二颜色的辨别能力是正常、色盲或色弱。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述步骤1中的视觉刺激流为视野刺激信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述视野刺激信息为具有第一亮度的多个光点中包含与所述光点大小相同、具有第二亮度的第二光点，所述第二亮度与所述第一亮度有明显差异。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，按照标准视野分区方法，在以圆点为中心的同心圆和通过圆心的子午线的交叉点随机呈现所述光点或第一光点。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述步骤4包括：
    包含早期、中期、中晚期及晚期所有成分，且早期成分波幅高、潜伏期短的脑电波形图，表示相应的光点区域为有效视野范围；其中，
    所述有效视野对应的脑电波形图为基准波形图，以用于判断用户对所述第二光点的敏感性。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，在所述步骤1中还同时呈现听觉刺激。
  14. 一种判断用户视觉能力的系统，包括：
    呈现模块，所述呈现模块用于向用户呈现刺激流；
    采集模块，所述采集模块包括由检测脑电信号的多导联电极帽和与所述多导联电极帽相连的多导联脑电放大器组成的事件相关电位采集模块，所述采集模块用于采集用户注意或非注意视觉产生的脑电信息，并将所述信息发送到脑电信息的处理和分析模块；和
    脑电信息的处理和分析模块，脑电信息的处理和分析模块用于接收所述采集模块发送的脑电信息，并对脑电信息产生的波形图进行分析和脑区定位。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的系统，还包括视觉刺激信息制作模块。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述脑电信息的处理和分析模块还包括用于将刺激事件出现的时间频率与所引发的脑电的时间频率同步化的脑电记录同步单元。
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