WO2019141785A1

WO2019141785A1 - Hybrid carrier structures and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2019141785A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/051173
Authority: WO
Original assignee: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
Priority date: 2018-01-19
Filing date: 2019-01-17
Publication date: 2019-07-25
Also published as: EP3740625A1; CN111615576A; DE102018132485A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a moulded body consisting of an outer hollow metal shell element (11) having a non-linearly tapering cross-section from the largest cross-section to the two ends (16), and at least partially surrounding a cavity in order to form a core element (19).

Description

Hybrid support structures and their use

The present invention novel hybrid support structures and their use.

State of the art:

Hybrid support structures made of an outer metal shell element, which can perform a static function as well as a decorative function, and one or more inner elements, which have only static function, are known.

In representative buildings, the demand for individual support elements with special shape and aesthetics as well as specific and special properties is very high. Many demands on these support structures are in turn fulfilled only by stainless Söhlen (commonly referred to as "stainless steel",) in ideal catfish. However, due to the high material costs of stainless steels, these values are barely executed.

In particular supports with non-linear tapering from the center of the column to the two ends present a special charm for architects and planners due to their filigree and aesthetic appearance. Their manufacture is currently only of limited conventionality, in particular expensive and very expensive.

A design of these columns as pure reinforced concrete columns in filigree design with economically optimized cross-sectional areas are technically limited, as well as the necessary concrete cover is required at the ends. However, sufficient concrete coverage in reinforced concrete components is imperative to avoid durability joint problems due to carbonation of the concrete. Because this leads to the decrease of the pH value in the concrete and thus to a possible reinforcement corrosion.

CN-A 1Q82635, CN-A 202596029 and CN-A 101476370 describe specific ones

Embodiments in which the outer shell is made of stainless steel, and a concrete filling and / or an inner steel support take over the static function. These support structures have a constant outer diameter over the entire length. Metallic hollow structures that do not rely on a constant outside diameter are used in art and functional design.

There were ready prototypes using such hollow structures as support structures (Ninety Nine Failures, The University of Tokyo Digital Fabricatlon Lab). To do so, interconnected metal sheets are formed under internal pressure into hollow bodies

("Active media-based forming") and these assembled into an open roof construction of a pavilion.

GB-A 2 366 535 describes processes for the active-medium-based transformation from sheet to hollow structures, in which limiting tools are used as an aid during forming.

EP-A 2 110 189 discloses a method for tool-free, active-media-based shaping of sheet metal to hollow structures. For larger structures, however, one or more are mounted internally or externally during the forming process

Limiting elements required.

However, all these hollow structures lack sufficient stability, which is required for static support functions, in particular for normal force removal in constructions.

Object of the invention:

The object of the present invention was to provide a molded article for a support structure, which satisfies both aesthetic and static requirements when used in architectural constructions and structures. In order to allow minimum dimensions of the connection points at both ends of the molded body, it should have a non-linearly tapering cross section from the largest diameter to both support ends and a high longitudinal load capacity between the two ends of the support structure for static reasons. In particular, a technically improved design is essential, which is characterized by a high buckling load capacity at the same time reduced dead weight and is also suitable for non-vertical applications.

Solution: The present invention provides a molded article of an outer hollow metallic shell element having a non-linearly tapered cross section from the largest cross section to the two ends of the support structure and at least partially enclosing a cavity to form a core element. Optionally, it has an interior statically stable core element, which connects both column ends with each other statically.

description

The present invention thus provides a shaped body which enables the creation of a hybrid support structure. The molded body consists of shell element and core element. The shell element encloses a cavity, wherein the cavity occupies the entire length of the molded body and does not have to have any internals. Likewise, however, he may include at least one reinforcement and / or at least one filling element. Through this, the cavity can be completely or partially filled. In this case, the shaped body, which is delimited by the outer shell element, can absorb a solid filling and be prevented via these lateral displacements of the shaped body or of an optional core element. Because this increases the load-increasing and stiff-kerk-increasing.

According to the invention, therefore, a special shaped body or a support shape can be achieved, which preferably has a non-linearly tapering cross-section starting from the center of the support towards the two ends. The hybrid support concept can be replaced for high load-bearing capacity, even with large support lengths.

The shell element used according to the invention is preferably made of stainless steel and / or carbon steel. Also suitable are aluminum, copper, brass and / or other metallic alloys and / or plastics. The shell member may consist of or contain combinations of these materials or combinations thereof. Therefore, these materials can be used in combination with the aforementioned materials and / or other materials.

The shell element according to the invention preferably has a thickness or thickness of 0.1-7 mm, particularly preferably 0.5-5 mm, in particular 1-4 mm, Due to its impermeability, the formwork element prevents the penetration of media such as carbon dioxide, water, chlorides or other chemical substances and thus also the carbonation process. That is, the risk of corrosion inside and in particular the carbonation at the two thin ends of the support is excluded and achieved the highest possible life of the entire component. According to the invention can thus be produced moldings which have extremely thin ends.

According to the invention, the shaped body comprises shell element and core element. It thus provides a hybrid support structure (e.g., a support or flexure beam). The core element is preferably static-bearing.

The shell element contains (in its interior) a (statically viable) kernel noise. The core element may consist of the components cavity and / or Füilelement and / or reinforcement (preferably in the form of a core rod) and / or druckschlaflen components (preferably in the form of a rope or monolayer). It is also possible to use any combination of these components.

The core element or its subcomponents may also go beyond the contour or, in particular, beyond the ends of the shell element. This is especially true for the reinforcement, e.g. in the form of a rod-shaped element. Shell element and / or core element or its sub-components connect the two ends of the molded body continuously static with each other.

Preferably, the reinforcement is stabform ig designed, ie it is most preferably a rod, hereinafter referred to as core rod This is preferably an embodiment in a cylindrical shape, for example as a rod or hollow cylinder in the form of a tube. The reinforcement is preferably in the form of a core rod and may correspond in length to that of the shaped body or be longer or shorter. The cylindrical rod or hollow cylinder can wholly or partially have a thread over its length and / or consist of two or more connected individual pieces. The reinforcement can also be carried out by several EinzeMäbe or by a fiber reinforcement. The reinforcement preferably contains or consists of metals thereof. Preferably, steel is used. It is particularly preferred if it is made of high-strength material, CFRP or GFRP reinforcement can also be used.

The cavity between shell element and reinforcement (in particular core rod) can show a filling. It is preferred to introduce a filling element into this, in particular under compressive stress of the shaped body. According to the invention, it is preferable that this is pumpable. As a filling element preferably mineral building materials, in particular concrete or mortar are used The filling element may consist of these materials or soften them.

Suitable filling elements are also polymers. Here are in particular foamed or intumescent polymers, for. For example, foamed polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polyisocyanurate are also used, for example, cement foam, concrete foam, wood foam or any other organic or inorganic foams. The substances mentioned may contain the filling element or it may consist thereof. It can therefore consist of combinations of the substances mentioned or can also be used in combination with other substances. For example, the filling element may contain non-foamed and foamed portions, e.g. Concrete and foamed concrete.

The reinforcement (in particular the core rod) is preferably embedded in the filler element. This or this can be charged beyond its or its yield point due to the hybrid support structure according to the invention. By the elastic bedding of the enclosing filling element namely a stability failure and kinking of the Kemstabes is prevented. The shell element takes over static support functions in the form of a reinforcing outer reinforcement layer. The core element serves to stabilize and maintain the shape of the shell element of small thickness.

In a further variant of the invention, the core element can have a pressure-slack and / or prestressed element, eg a rope or monofilament. For this purpose, any materials come into consideration. By means of the pressurized element, the outer shell element or the core element can be subjected to pressure. In addition, a prestressed rope can be performed by the hollow body, which is zugbeansprucht. Preferably, the ratio of the length of the shaped body to the diameter of the entire molded body at the thickest point is in the range from 3: 1 to 30: 1, more preferably in the range from 5: 1 to 25: 1, most preferably in the range from 10: 1 to 20: 1. Values of the diameter of 10 to 400 mm, preferably 50 to 150 mm, particularly preferably 60 to 120 mm, are at the thinnest point of the shaped body. to achieve.

The load introduction into the molded body at its ends can take place over the entire end cross section or even only via subcomponents. For local load introduction at the ends of the molded body optional fittings can be used.

The fittings are used for connection to the further support structure. Furthermore, the connecting pieces protect the exposed concrete by cutting off the ends of the moldings concrete areas from ingress of media (carbonation) in the longitudinal direction of the column. In addition, through the fittings and appropriate measures (e.g., local installation of an insulating material or coating with intumescent to the fire shield) the fire thrust requirements are ensured at the support ends

For example, the following variants of the hybrid support structure are possible:

(a) The molded article consists only of the (3-dimensional) shell element and thus forms a hollow body, i. the core element is a cavity. The load transfer takes place via the shell element.

(b) The molded article consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and core element, wherein the core element consists of or contains a filler element. The filling element may be concrete or foam and could here be e.g. contain a fiber reinforcement. The load is introduced via the core element or via core element and shell element.

(c) The shaped body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and core element, wherein the core element is formed by a core rod which is at least partially enclosed by a filler element. The load is introduced via the core element.

(d) The structure corresponds in principle (c), the core rod is, however, arranged flush with the molding. The load is applied via the core element or via core element and shell element. (E) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element, and has as a core element on a low-pressure component, which leads through the cavity of the shell elements.

(f) The shaped body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and a core element, wherein the core element of filling element and reinforcement in the form of one or more individual staff. Optionally, a biased core element may be created above the one or more individual bars.

(g) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and a core element, wherein the core element of filler element and reinforcement in the form of a plurality of individual rods or contains.

(h) The molded article consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and the core element. The core element consists of a core rod which is at least partially enclosed by a filler element. The length of the Kemstabs is shorter than the shaped body. A connecting piece protrudes into the interior of the molded body at the ends of the molding and allows the load to be introduced into the core rod.

According to the invention, the shaped body is used as a support structure, for. B. as a support, bending beam or tension rod. This comes in a variety of structures, e.g. Bridges for use. Likewise, parts of the mold can be used as a supporting structure. This can e.g. also be done by cutting out parts after completion of the molding

According to the invention, the shaped body can be produced by

1. at least two metallic flat elements, e.g. Sheets are provided with a predetermined shape or contour,

2. The flat elements along their contours are joined together to form a double or multi-layered shell element with a cavity or more cavities, which are preferably closed and the shell element not along the longer axis from the larger diameter to the two ends The assembly results in a preferably fluid-tight cavity.

, at one or more points of the shell elements a connection for the supply of the pressure medium is attached, 4. in the cavity or the cavities of the planar shell element mitels a pressure medium, an overpressure relative to the ambient pressure is generated, which is adapted to reshape the shell element to the predetermined 3-dimensional structure of the molding,

5. (optionally) one end or the two ends of the shell element are severed so that an opening for introducing the core element arises at one or both ends,

6. if necessary, remove the connection or the connections for the supply of the pressure medium,

7. via the open ends of the shell element (or optionally via the connection or the connections for the supply of the pressure medium), a core element, which is suitable to connect the two ends of the shell elements statically interconnected, is introduced,

8. If necessary, over the / the open ends of the shell elements a filling element in the cavity between the reinforcement (in particular Kemstab) and shell element is introduced.

Preferably, one or more filler neck are preferably attached by welding to the joined two-ply still flat shell element at one or both ends, via which then the forming fluid is introduced. After forming, the two ends (step 5), if necessary, including the welded there filler neck cut. Subsequently, insertion of the core member is made of a core rod (e.g., high-strength steel) and a filling member (e.g., praying).

In step 4, in a variant of the invention, a gas, for example compressed air or a liquid, preferably water, is used as the pressure medium. After the deformation, these pressure media are removed from the test body again. Likewise, in step 4, liquid concrete or mortar can be used as the pressure medium. The concrete remains in the shell element as Kemelement or as a filler. As a pressure medium can be used in step 4 and polyurethane raw materials or organic substances which are reacted. Again, the polyurethane remains in the shell element as the core element or filling element. This method opens up the possibility of an active-media-based forming without a mold. The fabrication of thin sheet metal structures made of stainless steel (eg 0.1 - 7 mm) with almost any geometry can be achieved. It is possible to produce a thin-walled shell structure with special shapes. Due to the thin sheet thicknesses used in the invention, the expensive portion of stainless steels can be reduced, resulting in significant cost savings.

In the active-medium-based forming two or more thin sheets, preferably in a thickness of 0.1 mm to 7 mm at the edge cohesively joined (for example, by welding, soldering, gluing, etc.) and then converted by internal dowsing. The print media are the o.g. Substances into consideration. As a result, no mold is used here. The shape of the resulting spatial structure is controlled only by the initial geometry of the board and the internal pressure. However, as a variant of the invention, it is also possible to use, at least partially, additionally molding tools (for example for limiting the deformation or for profiling the shell element).

The active-media-based forming without a mold and the filling of the structure can also take place in a common process step. That the filling element is used directly as a reforming medium and then remains directly in the structure. In general, an e-stage process is used. That First, the forming takes place, for example with water, which is removed again after the forming, and then the introduction of the core element (for example core rod and filling element).

Fiaurenbeschreibung

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures.

Bezuaszeichenliste:

I - 10 process steps

II sheep's egg 12 filling element

13 reinforcement

14 concrete floor

15 cavity

16 ends of the moldings

17 cut sheets

18 fittings

19 core element

20 low-pressure component, e.g. rope

FIG. 1 shows the process of production from a metal sheet up to the moldings, FIG. 2 shows the moldings in different variants,

FIG. 3 shows schematically the shaped body according to the invention in different lengths. Figure 4 shows the molding according to the invention with Kemelement

In step 1 according to FIG. 1a, the sheet is cut. Here, in step 2, one or more connections for the supply of the pressure medium attached, in step 3, two or more cut sheets 17 superimposed and fixed properly, and then in step 4, for example, joined together by welding with a sealing seam. In step 5, the active-media-based forming process for the spatial hollow body 15, wherein water is used as the active medium in the present case. After completion of the Umförmvorgangs a separation of the ends 16 of the molding is carried out in step 6. According to step 7 optional fittings 18 are installed for connection to the rest of the construction. The optional introduction of a reinforcement e.g. in the form of a core rod (to increase the carrying capacity) results from step 8. According to step 9, the introduction of a filling element takes place. This results in the hybrid component according to the invention. According Schrit 10, the shell member 11, the filling element 12 and the core rod 13 used as a reinforcement are shown.

FIG. 2 shows various possible variants of the hybrid support structure. The load introduction into the molded body at its ends can be over the entire Endquerschnit (eg shell element and core element, see Fig. 2b, (d)) or only on sub-components (eg only on the reinforcement (Kemstab) in variant Fig, 2b, (c )) respectively. For local load introduction at the ends of the molded body optional terminal blocks can be used. The following variants are shown in detail:

(a) The molded article consists only of the (3-dimensional) shell fossil and thus forms a hollow body, i. the core element is a cavity. The load transfer takes place via the shell element.

(B) The shaped body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and core element, wherein the core element consists of a filler or contains this. The filling element may be concrete or foam and could here be e.g. contain a fiber reinforcement. The load is introduced via the core element or via core element and shell element.

(c) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and core element, wherein the core element is formed by a core rod which is at least partially enclosed by a filler element. The load is introduced via the core element.

(d) The structure corresponds in principle (c), but the core rod is flush with the molding. The load is introduced via the core element or via core element and shell element.

(E) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element, and has as a core element on a low-pressure component, which leads through the cavity of the shell member.

(f) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and a core element, wherein the core element of filler element and reinforcement in the form of one or more individual rods. Optionally, a biased core member may be created via the or the individual rods.

(h) The molded body consists of the (3-dimensional) shell element and the core element. The core element consists of a core rod which is at least partially enclosed by a filler element. The length of the Kemstabs is shorter than the shaped body. A fitting protrudes into the interior of the body at the ends of the molding and allows for laser lamination into the core rod. As a result of this process, the shaped bodies shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are formed. From FIG. 4, the shaped body can be seen in detail. In the example, the molded body at the ends 16 by means of a connecting piece 18 (here: for example, a foot plate) attached to a concrete floor 14. In FIG. 4, the core rod 13 is surrounded by a filling element 12. The core rod 13 and filling element 12 form the core element. This is again held by the shell member 11 in the predetermined shape.

Claims

CLAIMS:

Shaped body of an outer metallic shell element (11) which has a non-linearly tapered cross section from the largest cross section to the two ends (16) and for the formation of a core element (19) surrounds a cavity at least partially.

2. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell element (11) contains or consists of stainless steel, (carbon) steel, aluminum, copper, brass and / or other metallic alloys and / or plastic.

3. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shell element (11) has a thickness of 0.1 to 7 mm.

4. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a hollow body,

5. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shell element (11) and / or Kemelement (19) connects the two ends (16) of the molding continuously static together.

6. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core element (19) has a reinforcement (13) or consists thereof.

7 .. Shaped body according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement (13) is a cylindrical rod or hollow cylinder.

8. Shaped body according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the reinforcement (13) contains metal, preferably steel or consists thereof.

9. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the reinforcement (13) consists of high-strength material

,

10. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core element (19) has a filling element (12) or consists thereof.

11. Shaped body according to claim 10, characterized in that the filling element (12) contains a compact mineral building material, preferably concrete and / or a polymer or at least one of said substances.

12. Shaped body according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the filling element (12) contains at least one material in foamed form or consists thereof.

13. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it or its Kernefement contains a druckschiaffes and / or biased element.

14. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (15) between the shell element (11) and reinforcement (13) aulweist the filling element (12) or is filled with it.

15. Use of the shaped body according to claims 1-14 as a supporting structure

16. Use of the molding, according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that parts of this are used as a support structure.