WO2019140813A1 - 一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法 - Google Patents

一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法 Download PDF

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WO2019140813A1
WO2019140813A1 PCT/CN2018/086556 CN2018086556W WO2019140813A1 WO 2019140813 A1 WO2019140813 A1 WO 2019140813A1 CN 2018086556 W CN2018086556 W CN 2018086556W WO 2019140813 A1 WO2019140813 A1 WO 2019140813A1
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roadway
filling
coal seam
new
tunneling
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PCT/CN2018/086556
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭忠平
刘炜震
简勇
段会强
杨恒泽
谢文武
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山东科技大学
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Priority to US16/484,651 priority Critical patent/US10787906B2/en
Publication of WO2019140813A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019140813A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a method for filling a roadway into a thick coal seam wide tunnel.
  • the coal pillars for retaining lanes are left between the working faces of the mining (belt) areas in most of China's mining areas, the purpose of which is to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal caused by leakage of air through the production (or preparation) working face and adjacent goafs.
  • the pressure in the thick coal seam mine is relatively large, which causes the mechanical properties of the retained coal pillar to change, which is easy to be destroyed and unstable.
  • the amount of mantle is large, and the accumulation of meteorites on the ground forms a great hazard to human living conditions and the environment.
  • the method of filling and forming the gypsum body in the wide roadway can effectively reduce the coal loss caused by retaining the coal pillars in the thick coal seam mining.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a thick coal seam wide roadway excavation gypsum body filling and filling roadway method, which can effectively reduce coal loss caused by leaving coal pillars, reduce mine pressure impact when driving roadway, reduce meteorite treatment and roadway excavation cost.
  • the technical problem that needs to be solved to achieve the above objectives is how to determine the extent of wide tunneling and filling areas. How to fully maintain the stability of the roadway and ensure the airtightness of the goaf under the premise of maintaining the stability of the roadway. How to temporarily support the filling belt. Under the premise of ensuring the safe and efficient production of the mine, the technical problems of roadway excavation costs, meteorite treatment costs, filling construction work volume, and thus the cost of mine excavation are effectively reduced.
  • the present invention solves the above technical problems, and the technical solution thereof is:
  • a thick coal seam wide roadway excavation gypsum body filling and filling roadway method comprises the following steps in sequence:
  • the roadway will be expanded along the roadway.
  • the bolt, anchor cable and cable will be used to support the roof, floor and roadway.
  • the formed filling belt and its junction with the new roadway are supported by a single hydraulic prop and a metal hinged top beam for temporary support;
  • the temporary support shall be removed, and a double-layer plastic woven fabric shall be used to construct the separation wall on the side of the filling belt;
  • the filling belt is filled through the filling pipeline, and the filling pipeline is filled with the gypsum plaster body to fill the filling belt;
  • the thick coal seam refers to a thick coal seam with stable coal seam, coal seam inclination angle less than 12°, and stable coal seam thickness without large faults.
  • the direct technical effect brought by the above scheme is: using the method of wide-track excavation and gypsum filling to form the lane, using wide roadway excavation in the roadway excavation of the preparatory mining face, and filling the coal pillar with the gypsum plaster body to achieve the pillarless excavation Technical effect.
  • the emergence and practical application of this technical idea can obviously reduce the coal loss caused by retaining the coal pillars. At the same time, it can solve the influence of the superimposed supporting pressure generated by the adjacent roadway driving on the roadway, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of support and reduce the deformation of the roadway. It also reduces the cost of meteorite treatment.
  • the technical difficulty of the above scheme lies in the thick coal seam with relatively stable coal seam and coal seam inclination angle less than 12°; and, in the mining area, the thickness of the coal seam is stable, and there is no fault with large drop difference. Under such premise, the thick coal seam is in the process of roadway excavation.
  • the objective law can be found in the method of wide tunneling. This is the core key point in the formation of the technical idea of the present invention. In other words, this "law” or "the discovery of this technical problem” makes its subsequent solutions logical and clear.
  • the metal hinged top beams are hinged together left and right to form a stable unit with the single hydraulic struts.
  • the direct technical effect of the above preferred technical solution is that the hinged top beam is hinged together before and after, forming a stable overall bearing roof pressure, greatly increasing the support strength and reducing the hidden danger of the roof.
  • the single hydraulic prop has strong support strength and good safety and stability, ensuring stable and high efficiency performance during use, easy to operate and easy to maintain.
  • the unitary hydraulic strut is provided with a base.
  • step d the filling belt is first supported by wooden pillars before the temporary support is withdrawn.
  • the coal pillar is replaced by vermiculite, so that a “filled body-coal” hybrid structure is formed around the roadway, which effectively reduces the impact of mine pressure. Moreover, it can solve the problems of large amount of sputum mining during the mining of thick coal seams, high treatment cost of vermiculite, serious damage to the environment on the surface of the gangue mountain, and realization of green mining.
  • the method of filling and forming the gypsum body in the wide roadway can achieve the effect of no coal pillar driving. It can effectively reduce the cost of tunneling, improve work efficiency and improve economic efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thick coal seam wide roadway driving method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1 of the present invention (filled up);
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1 of the present invention (completed tunneling, ready to be filled);
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 1 of the present invention (new roadway excavation);
  • the present invention provides a thick coal seam wide roadway excavation gypsum body filling system.
  • the width of the filling belt 2 is 9 m and the width of the new roadway 1 is 4 m.
  • the cycle filling step L is determined to be 14m.
  • the section size of the roadway is 4m wide and 3m high.
  • the strong excavation is carried out with 5 strong bolts.
  • the bolt support is The roadway roof 10, the bottom plate 11, and the roadway are provided with 9 strong bolts and anchor cables, and a diamond-shaped metal mesh is attached to the tail of the anchor rod to strengthen the supporting effect.
  • the new roadway 1 When the new roadway 1 is drilled to a length of 14m, it starts to dig 14m along the roadway to form a 9m filling belt 2. When expanding the roadway, it ensures that the space generated by the roadway expansion is parallel to the new roadway. After the start of the road opening excavation work, the new excavation roadway 1 excavation and expansion road excavation alternately, and the cycle advancement, that is, the new excavation roadway 1 first digs a section, then expands the roadway to expand, and maintains the new roadway 1 and the filling belt 2 end. The distance is between 13-15m.
  • the third step during the roadway expansion, the formed filling belt 2 and its junction with the new roadway 1 are temporarily supported by a single hydraulic strut 3 with a metal hinged top beam 4, the single hydraulic prop Wear shoes.”
  • the metal hinged top beams 4 are hinged together to form a stable whole.
  • a filling pipe 7 is arranged in the new roadway 1 .
  • the fourth step after the completion of the tunnel expansion, the temporary support is removed, and the side of the filling belt 2 is supported by the dense wooden pillars, and then the partition wall 6 is constructed with a plastic woven fabric to form a closed filling space.
  • the specific measures for constructing the partition wall 6 are as follows: the plastic woven fabric has a length of 20 m and a width of 4 m, and a double-layer plastic woven cloth is used for the upper roll curtain, and the 15# iron wire is fastened and fixed on the wooden pillar every 140 mm. Leave a margin of 1m at the bottom to make it fold inside, and use the woven bag filled with vermiculite to compact the remaining amount along the woven cloth. Clean the bottom plate before the compaction. Ensure that the plastic woven fabric is in close contact with the bottom plate of the area to be filled.
  • the gypsum plaster body prepared by the ground filling station is filled with the filling tape 2 by the filling pipe 7 in the new roadway 1 .
  • the invention solves the problem of serious coal loss caused by leaving the coal pillar retaining lane in the traditional thick coal seam, and the coal pillar is affected by the mine pressure in the goaf area and the roadway excavation, and is easily crushed or even crushed, which easily causes the coal pillar of the goaf. Naturally ignited, posing a threat to safe production.
  • the combination of filling and mining technology and the technology of along the empty roadway solves the problems of high cost of treatment of large quantities of vermiculite during mining of thick coal seams and harm to the environment. At the same time, it improves labor efficiency and reduces production costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，包括：首先根据煤层地质条件，设计充填带（2）宽度及新掘巷道（1）宽度；其次，依据矿井现有掘进技术条件，确定每次充填长度，即循环充填步距；新掘巷道（1）掘进时采用强力锚杆、锚网索对顶板（10）、底板（11）、及巷道内帮（9）进行支护；然后，新掘巷道（1）掘进循环充填步距后，开始沿巷道外帮（8）进行扩巷掘进；扩巷掘进时对充填带（2）及其与新掘巷道（1）交界处采用液压支柱（3）配合金属铰接顶梁（4）进行临时支护；最后，扩巷掘进完成后，撤除临时支护，对充填带（2）进行充填；此后，按上述步骤依次交替进行。

Description

一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法 技术领域
本发明涉及矿业技术领域，具体涉及一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法。
背景技术
目前，我国大部分矿区采(带)区的工作面之间都留设护巷煤柱，其目的是防止生产(或准备)工作面与相邻采空区通透漏风而引起的煤自燃发火，同时减轻工作面矿山压力的影响。厚煤层矿山压力较大，导致留设煤柱力学性质发生变化，易于被破坏而失稳。且开采厚煤层的矿井，出矸量较大，在地面形成矸石山堆积，对人类生存条件和环境带来很大的危害。
厚煤层条件下宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，可有效减少厚煤层开采时因留设护巷煤柱而造成的煤炭损失，
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，其可有效减少留设煤柱所造成的煤炭损失，减轻掘进巷道时的矿山压力影响，降低矸石处理及巷道掘进费用。
为实现上述目的所需要解决的技术问题是：如何确定宽巷掘进及充填区域的范围。如何充分保持巷道稳定的条件及在保持巷道稳定的前提下保证采空区的密闭性。如何对充填带进行临时支护。在保证矿井的安全高效生产的前提下，有效降低巷道掘进费用，矸石处理费用，充填体施工工程量，进而降低矿井掘进成本的技术问题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题，其技术解决方案为:
一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，依次包括以下步骤：
a、根据煤层地质条件，设计充填带宽度及新掘巷道宽度；
b、根据矿井现有掘进技术条件，确定每次充填的长度，即循环充填步距；
c、当新掘巷道掘进循环充填步距后，开始沿巷道外帮行扩巷掘进；新掘巷道掘进时，采用“锚杆+锚网索”对巷道顶板、底板、巷道内帮进行支护；扩巷掘进时，对形成的充填带及其与新掘巷道交界处采用单体液压支柱配合金属铰接顶梁进行临时支护；
d、扩巷掘进完成后，撤除临时支护，在充填带一侧采用双层塑料编织布构筑隔离墙；
隔离墙构筑完毕后，通过充填管路对充填带进行充填，所述充填管路向充填带输送矸石膏体进行充填；
e、按步骤a-d依次交替进行；
所述厚煤层是指：煤层稳定、煤层倾角小于12°，并且煤层厚度稳定、无大断层的厚煤层。
上述方案带来的直接技术效果是：采用宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷的方式，在备采工作面巷道掘进时采用宽巷掘进，并用矸石膏体充填置换煤柱，达到无煤柱掘进的技术效果。这一技术思想产生和实践应用，显而易见的，可以大幅减少因留设护巷煤柱而造成的煤炭损失。同时可解决因相邻巷道掘进产生的叠加支撑压力对巷道的影响，可有效减轻支护难度和减少巷道变形量。还可以降低矸石处理成本。
上述方案的技术难点在于煤层较为稳定、煤层倾角小于12°的厚煤层；并且，在采区范围内煤层厚度稳定，无落差较大的断层，这样的前提条件下厚煤层，其巷道掘进过程中，可以采用宽巷掘进的方法这一客观规律的发现。这是本发明技术思想形成的核心关键点所在。也就是说，这一“规律”或者是“这一技术问题的发现”，使得其后续的解决方案顺理成章、一目了然。
上述技术思想的可靠性和有效性的基础在于：对于厚煤层而言，对新开掘出的充填带断面采取一定的及时支护措施，保证了充填带顶板的完整性。为后续充填隔离墙的布置和充填工作的进行提供了安全可靠的工作环境。且充填完毕后，充填体和煤体所形成的复合结构共同支撑顶板，可回收大量煤炭资源，同时对巷道起到保护作用。实际上，经计算得出充填体和煤体所形成的复合结构强度可以满足保护巷道的要求。
不难看出，上述技术方案的厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，在充分满足巷道稳定性，充填区域密闭性，保证矿井安全高效开采的条件下，一方面，可大幅回收煤炭资源。另一方面，可有效解决厚煤层开采，矸石处理费用高，对地表及周围环境造成破坏的问题。
作为本发明的一个优选方案，所述金属铰接顶梁前后左右铰接在一起，以与所述单体液压支柱形成一个稳定的整体。
上述优选技术方案直接带来的效果是：由于铰接顶梁前后左右铰接在一起，形成一个稳定的整体承受顶板压力，大大增加的支护强度，减少顶板隐患。而单体液压支柱具有很强的支护强度，且安全稳定性能好，确保了在工作中使用时的稳定和高效率性能，操作简单、维护方便。
作为本发明的另一个优选方案，所述单体液压支柱设置有底座。
上述优选技术方案直接带来的有益技术效果为：防止掘进面单体液压支柱由于浮煤等影响而倾倒，造成安全事故。
优选的，步骤d中，在撤出临时支护前，先采用木支柱对所述充填带进行支护。
本发明所带来的有益技术效果为：
用矸石置换煤柱，使巷道周围形成了“充填体-煤体”混合结构，有效减轻矿山压力的影响。且可以解决厚煤层开采时出矸量大，矸石处理费用高，地面矸石山对环境破坏严重等问 题，实现绿色开采。
厚煤层条件下宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，可以达到无煤柱掘巷的效果。可有效降低掘进成本，提高工作效率，提高经济效益。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：
图1为本发明一种厚煤层宽巷掘进方法原理图；
图2为本发明图1的A-A剖面图(充填完毕)；
图3为本发明图1的B-B剖面图(扩巷掘进完毕，准备充填)；
图4为本发明图1的C-C剖面图(新掘巷道掘进)；
图中：1-新掘巷道；2-充填带；3-单体液压支柱；4-金属铰接顶梁；5-强力锚杆；6-隔离墙；7-充填管路；8-巷道外帮；9-巷道内帮；10-顶板；11-底板；L-循环充填步距。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填系统，为了使本发明的优点、技术方案更加清楚、明确，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细说明。
结合图1至图4所示：
第一步，根据煤层地质条件，确定充填带2宽度为9m及新掘巷道1宽度4m。
第二步，结合矿井现有掘进技术条件，确定循环充填步距L为14m。新掘巷道1在煤层内开掘时，巷道的断面尺寸宽4m、高3m，为保证巷道稳定，新掘巷道1掘进时边掘进边打强力锚杆5支护，所述锚杆支护为在巷道顶板10、底板11、及巷道内帮9打强力锚杆、锚索，并在锚杆尾部挂菱形金属网加强支护效果。
当新掘巷道1掘进到14m长时，开始沿巷道外帮8掘进14m形成9m的充填带2，扩巷掘进时确保扩巷掘进生成的空间与新掘巷道1平行。当扩巷掘进工作开始后，新掘巷道1掘进与扩巷掘进交替进行，循环推进，即新掘巷道1先掘进一段，然后进行扩巷掘进，保持新掘巷道1与充填带2端头的距离在13-15m之间。
第三步：在扩巷掘进时，对形成的充填带2及其与新掘巷道1的交界处采用单体液压支柱3配合金属铰接顶梁4进行临时支护，所述单体液压支柱“穿鞋”。所述金属铰接顶梁4前后左右铰接在一起形成一个稳定的整体。临时支护完毕后，在新掘巷道1布设充填管路7。
第四步：扩巷掘进完成后，撤除临时支护，并在充填带2的一侧用密集木支柱支护，之后用塑料编织布构筑隔离墙6，形成封闭的充填空间。所述构筑隔离墙6的具体措施为：塑料编织布规格为长20m，宽4m，使用双层塑料编织布上部卷草帘，使用15#的铁线每隔140mm捆绑牢固后固定在木支柱上，底部留出1m的余量，使其内折，并用装满矸石的编织袋沿编织 布将余量压实，压实前将底板浮煤清理干净。保证塑料编织布与待充填区底板紧贴。
充填隔离6墙构筑完毕后，将地面充填站制备的矸石膏体，利用新掘巷道1内的充填管路7对充填带2进行充填。
此后，按上述步骤依次交替进行。
本发明解决了传统厚煤层留设煤柱护巷造成煤炭损失严重，且煤柱在采空区及巷道掘进时受矿山压力影响，易被压苏甚至压碎，极易造成采空区煤柱自然发火，对安全生产构成威胁等问题。且将充填开采技术与沿空成巷技术相结合，解决了厚煤层开采时大量的矸石处理成本高，对环境造成危害等问题。同时提高了劳动效率，降低生产成本。
本发明中未述及的部分采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
尽管本文中较多的使用了诸如单体液压支柱、金属铰接顶梁等术语，但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性，本领域技术人员在本发明的启示下对这些术语所做的简单替换，均应在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石膏体充填成巷方法，其特征在于，依次包括以下步骤：
    a、根据煤层地质条件，设计充填带宽度及新掘巷道宽度；
    b、根据矿井现有掘进技术条件，确定每次充填的长度，即循环充填步距；
    c、当新掘巷道掘进循环充填步距后，开始沿巷道外帮行扩巷掘进；新掘巷道掘进时，采用“锚杆+锚网索”对巷道顶板、底板、巷道内帮进行支护；扩巷掘进时，对形成的充填带及其与新掘巷道交界处采用单体液压支柱配合金属铰接顶梁进行临时支护；
    d、扩巷掘进完成后，撤除临时支护，在充填带一侧采用双层塑料编织布构筑隔离墙；隔离墙构筑完毕后，通过充填管路对充填带进行充填，所述充填管路向充填带输送矸石膏体进行充填；
    e、按步骤a-d依次交替进行；
    所述厚煤层是指：煤层稳定、煤层倾角小于12°，并且煤层厚度稳定、无大断层的厚煤层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石充填成巷方法，其特征在于：所述金属铰接顶梁前后左右铰接在一起，以与所述单体液压支柱形成一个稳定的整体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石充填成巷方法，其特征在于：所述单体液压支柱设置有底座。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种厚煤层宽巷掘进矸石充填成巷方法，其特征在于：步骤d中，在撤出临时支护前，先采用木支柱对所述充填带进行支护。
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