WO2019140812A1 - 一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法 - Google Patents

一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019140812A1
WO2019140812A1 PCT/CN2018/086540 CN2018086540W WO2019140812A1 WO 2019140812 A1 WO2019140812 A1 WO 2019140812A1 CN 2018086540 W CN2018086540 W CN 2018086540W WO 2019140812 A1 WO2019140812 A1 WO 2019140812A1
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coal
mining
coal seam
hydraulic support
seam
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PCT/CN2018/086540
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭忠平
谢文武
樊海艳
段会强
杨恒泽
简勇
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山东科技大学
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Priority to US16/498,126 priority Critical patent/US20200024944A1/en
Publication of WO2019140812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019140812A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
    • E21D17/003—Caps for supporting mine roofs with essential hydraulic elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
    • E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a coal mining method for a single steep inclined thick coal seam.
  • the steeply inclined thick coal seam mining method has always been a difficult problem in the field of mining technology, which has attracted the attention of relevant state departments.
  • Most of China's steep coal seams are distributed in small and medium-sized mines.
  • the geological conditions of coal seams are complex and difficult to mine.
  • Some coal mines have many faults, small reserves, large gas content and poor storage conditions.
  • Due to the particularity of the steeply inclined coal seam there are many problems in mining, mainly due to the high coal loss rate, up to 40%-50%, and the coal enthalpy rate is often not up to standard; the tunneling rate is high, and the tunneling rate affects the roadway.
  • the cost of excavation maintenance will affect the handover of the working face of the mining area, and even have a certain impact on the ventilation of the mine.
  • the ventilation conditions are poor, the ventilation conditions of the steeply inclined coal seam are very complicated; the labor intensity of the workers is large, and the mining conditions of the steeply inclined coal seam are complicated.
  • the limitation of mining personnel in coal seam mining is that the slope of the working face is large, the space is small, the mining, coal mining, support and transportation are very difficult, and the walking is inconvenient; the mining benefit is poor, compared with the inclined or near horizontal coal seam,
  • the inclined coal seam has high cost, poor quality, difficult mining, small scale and low efficiency. Therefore, the research on the mining method of steeply inclined thick coal seam still plays an important role in the development of China's coal industry.
  • the task of the invention is to provide a single steep inclined thick coal caving coal caving method, which has simple lane layout, can reduce the tunneling rate of the roadway, mechanized production of the coal mining face, simple operation, convenient transportation, unique return air passage, Convenient ventilation.
  • the technical problem that the invention needs to solve in order to achieve the above tasks is how to ensure that the working face is normally coal mining, and can complete the temporary temporary support of the coal mining face, and ensure the normal ventilation of the working face to maintain the return air passage.
  • a single steeply inclined thick coal seam coal mining system comprising a roadway layout system, a support system, a transportation system and a ventilation system, wherein the roadway layout system is composed of a transportation channel and a mining area uphill, and the transportation channel is arranged in the The thick coal seam floor is obtained, and the upper part of the mining area is obtained by connecting the two sides of the coal seam;
  • the support system comprises a top coal hydraulic support, a single hydraulic support, a hinged top beam, a bolt and a metal mesh, and the top coal hydraulic support is located in the transport channel for supporting the bolt to the lane
  • the inner roof is supported and erected with a metal mesh for protection.
  • the single hydraulic support and the hinged top beam are located in front of the working surface to complete the temporary temporary support;
  • the transport system includes a scraper conveyor and a belt conveyor, the nose of the scraper conveyor is overlapped at the tail of the belt conveyor;
  • the ventilation system includes a return air passage, and the return air passage is located on the roof side of the coal seam in the goaf area behind the hydraulic support of the top coal, and the return air passage is used to make the cleaning work surface windy into the mining The wind in the area up the mountain goes up the mountain.
  • the above-mentioned return air passage maintains a "human" shaped return air passage by the I-beam on the side of the goaf behind the hydraulic support of the top coal.
  • the transport channel adopts a quadrilateral roadway.
  • the top coal hydraulic support cycle shifting step is 1.0 m.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a single steeply inclined thick coal seam top coal caving method.
  • a single steeply inclined thick coal seam mining method which in turn comprises the following steps:
  • the circulating hydraulic step of the top coal hydraulic support is 1.0 m
  • Wind system e fresh air flows through the mining area to transport the Shimen to the track uphill, enters the transportation chute to the coal mining face, and the exhausted wind after cleaning the working surface passes through the return air passage to the mining area and returns to the mountain, and then merges into the mine.
  • the coal mining method is suitable for single steep inclined thick coal seam mining above 5.5 m.
  • step d the fallen coal falls onto the scraper conveyor, and the scattered coal is loaded onto the scraper conveyor and transported out with a belt conveyor.
  • the coal mining method of the invention improves the production capacity of the working face, reduces the tunneling rate of the roadway, is suitable for single thick coal seam mining above 5.5 m, and ventilates the transportation trough and two uphills, avoiding ventilation and gas during the caving of the coal.
  • the accumulation problem has improved the working environment.
  • the present invention relates to a single steep inclined thick coal caving coal caving method, which fully utilizes the characteristics of large coal seam dip angle and small roof pressure, and forms a complete production system, which overcomes the traditional steep coal seam mining coal and The problem that the meteorite rolls along the bottom plate is easy to injure and the brackets are collapsed, so that the high-yield and high-efficiency of the steeply inclined coal seam mining is realized.
  • Another outstanding feature of the present invention is that a return air passage is maintained by the I-beam in the goaf, and the transportation and ventilation tasks of the coal are completed by only one transport pass. As the movement of the top coal support maintains the return air passage behind the work surface, the fresh air flow enters the work surface, and the exhaust air cleaned through the work surface enters the return air uphill through the maintenance return air passage to form a complete ventilation system.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the working face of the coal mining method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view showing the arrangement of the coal mining face of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a top plan view showing the layout of the uphill area of the mining area of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a single steeply inclined thick coal seam mining method.
  • the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
  • a single steeply inclined thick coal seam coal mining system includes a roadway layout system, a support system, a transportation system and a ventilation system, and the roadway layout system is transported by the trough 2, and the returning wind uphill 9
  • the track uphill 10 and the transport uphill 11 are arranged, the transport chute 2 is arranged on the thick coal seam floor, the return wind uphill 9, the track uphill 10 and the transport uphill 11 are obtained by connecting the coal seams on both sides;
  • the support system comprises a top coal hydraulic support, a single The hydraulic support and the hinged top beam are arranged with a top coal hydraulic support at the top coal hydraulic support 3 shown in Fig. 2.
  • the top coal hydraulic support is located in the transport groove and arranged along the thickness of the coal seam;
  • the transportation system includes the scraper The conveyor 6 and the belt conveyor 7, the nose of the scraper conveyor 6 is overlapped at the tail of the belt conveyor 7;
  • the ventilation system includes a return air passage 4 and an I-beam 5, and the return air passage 4 is at the top coal hydraulic pressure
  • the side of the gob behind the bracket is maintained by the I-beam 5, and the return air passage is used to make the clean working face lack wind into the returning wind uphill in the upper part of the mining area.
  • top floor lithology is relatively stable siltstone and fine sandstone.
  • the construction along the coal seam 1 floor is transported along the trough, and the quadrilateral roadway is adopted.
  • the top coal hydraulic support 3 is arranged in the coal seam 1, and the scraper conveyor 6 is laid along the strike direction between the supports in the coal seam 1 transport chute, and the belt conveyor 7 is installed at a suitable position in the transport chute, the scraper conveyor
  • the 6 head is lapped on the tail of the belt conveyor 7, forming a working surface raw coal transportation system.
  • the working surface bracket has a stepping distance of 1.0 m per cycle.
  • the working face advances to take the coal seam naturally and then lower the top coal.
  • the front support of the working face is supported by bolts and metal mesh and matched with the single hydraulic props and the hinged top beam support. When a circulating shift distance is reached, the working face is adopted.
  • the fixed pile is fixed, and the front shifting cylinder and the fixed pile are connected to each other alternately, and then the next return air passage is maintained by the I-beam 5 on the side of the transport groove to the gob area 8 behind the bracket.
  • the coal falling from the coal discharge port is slid onto the scraper conveyor through a special chute, and the sprinkled coal is loaded onto the scraper conveyor by means of artificial coal smelting.
  • the fresh air flow enters the transportation channel 2 of the coal seam 1 from the track uphill 10, reaches the coal mining face, and then the wind returns through the previously maintained return air passage 4 to the mining area. Wind up the mountain 9, and then return to the mine return air system through the returning stone gate of the mining area.
  • the roadway has a low tunneling rate, and the working surface has only one transport slot, which reduces the maintenance cost of roadway tunneling;
  • the working surface is simple in layout and adaptable, suitable for mining of steeply inclined thick coal seams, coal seams with a coal seam of 5.5 m or more;
  • top coal mining using a dedicated top coal hydraulic support and low-level coal caving, the operation is relatively simple, requiring fewer workers, 4-5 people per shift;
  • the unique return air passage is used to solve the problem of poor ventilation conditions and gas accumulation on the working face, improve the safety of the working surface, and improve the working environment of workers.

Abstract

一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统及方法，其沿煤层底板(1)施工一条运输顺槽(2)，与采区两侧上山构成生产系统。在运输顺槽(2)沿煤层厚度布置放顶煤液压支架(3)，放煤循环步距为1.0m。在放顶煤液压支架(3)后方采空区(8)内，靠顶板侧维护一条通道用于回风。采煤时，顶煤落到刮板输送机(6)上经胶带输送机(7)运出。工作面所需新鲜风流由采区运输石门经轨道上山(10)进入运输顺槽(2)，然后清洗采煤工作面后由回风通道(4)进入回风上山(9)。采用独特的回风通道通风，具有巷道布置系统简单、适应性强，工作面产量大、安全程度高的特点。

Description

一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法 技术领域
本发明涉及采煤技术领域，具体涉及一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法。
背景技术
急倾斜厚煤层开采方法一直是采矿技术领域中的难题，已经引起了国家有关部门的重视。我国的急倾斜煤层大多分布在中小矿井中，煤层地质条件复杂，开采难度大，部分煤矿断层多、储量少、瓦斯含量大、贮存条件差。由于急倾斜煤层存在特殊性，在开采上，存在许多问题，主要是煤炭损失率高，高达40％-50％，且煤炭含矸率往往不达标；巷道掘进率高，掘进率的高低影响巷道掘进维护的费用，影响矿区作业面的交接，甚至对矿井的通风都会带来一定的影响；通风条件差，急倾斜煤层的通风条件十分复杂；工人劳动强度大，受急倾斜煤层复杂的开采条件的限制，开采人员在煤层开采中普遍存在工作面坡度大、空间小，开采中落煤、支护、运料十分困难、行走不便的问题；开采效益差，与倾斜或近水平煤层比较，急倾斜煤层成本高、质量差、开采难度大、规模小、效益低。因此，关于急倾斜厚煤层开采方法的研究对我国煤炭工业的发展仍具有很重要的作用。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种单一急倾斜厚煤层放顶煤采煤方法，其巷道布置简单，能够降低巷道的掘进率，采煤工作面机械化生产，操作简单、运输方便，独特回风通道，通风便利。
本发明为实现上述任务所需要解决的技术问题：如何能够保证工作面正常采煤的前提下，能够完成采煤工作面的超前临时支护，以及保证工作面正常通风，去维护回风通道。
本发明为解决上述技术问题，采用的技术解决方案为：
一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其包括巷道布置系统、支护系统、运输系统和通风系统，所述巷道布置系统由运输顺槽和采区上山组成，所述运输顺槽布置在所述厚煤层底板，所述采区上山通过连通煤层两侧得到；
所述支护系统包括放顶煤液压支架，单体液压支架、铰接顶梁、锚杆和金属网，所述放顶煤液压支架位于所述运输顺槽内，用于支设锚杆对巷内顶板支护，并架设金属网进行防护，配合单体液压支架和铰接顶梁位于工作面前方，完成超前临时支护；
所述运输系统包括刮板输送机和胶带输送机，所述刮板输送机的机头搭接在所述胶带输送机的机尾；
所述通风系统包括回风通道，所述回风通道在所述放顶煤液压支架后方采空区内靠煤层 顶板侧，所述回风通道用于使清洗工作面乏风进入所述的采区上山中的回风上山。
上述回风通道在放顶煤液压支架后方采空区侧用工字钢维护一条“人”形回风通道。
作为本发明的一个优选方案，所述运输顺槽采用四边形巷道。
作为本发明的另一个优选方案，所述放顶煤液压支架循环移架步距为1.0m。
进一步的，所述巷道布置系统内的运输顺槽只有一条。
本发明的另一任务在于提供一种单一急倾斜厚煤层放顶煤采煤方法。
一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法，依次包括以下步骤：
a沿煤层底板施工运输顺槽，连通煤层两侧的采区上山；
b在所述运输顺槽内沿煤层厚度布置放顶煤液压支架，所述放顶煤液压支架每个循环移架步距为1.0m；
c在放顶煤液压支架采空区侧维护一段回风通道，随着放顶煤液压支架的推移维护下一段回风通道，通往采区回风上山，以此接续；
d工作面全部采用一次采全高放落顶煤的方式推进，放落下的煤通过运输系统将其运出；
e新鲜风流经采区运输石门至轨道上山后，进入所述运输顺槽至采煤工作面，清洗工作面后的乏风经所述回风通道至采区回风上山后，汇入矿井回风系统；
所述采煤方法适用于5.5m以上的单一急倾斜厚煤层开采。
上述技术方案的难点：如何保证采煤工作面的正常通风，需要在采空区跨落之前维护好一段回风通道，确定合理的放顶煤液压支架移架步距，保证煤炭采出率高，含矸率低，放煤工作效率高。
优选的，步骤d中，放落下的煤落到刮板输送机上，散落的煤装到刮板输送机上，配合胶带输送机将其运出。
本发明所带来的有益技术效果为：
本发明采煤方法提高了工作面的生产能力，降低了巷道的掘进率，适合5.5m以上的单一厚煤层开采，运输顺槽和两条上山构成通风，避免了放顶煤时的通风和瓦斯积聚问题，改善了工作面的环境。
本发明方法的特点在于：
(1)本发明一种单一急倾斜厚煤层放顶煤采煤方法，充分利用了煤层倾角大、顶板压力小的特点，形成了完整的生产系统，克服了传统的急倾斜煤层开采煤和矸石沿底板滚动易伤人、冲倒支架等问题，实现了急倾斜煤层开采的高产高效。
(2)本发明又一突出特点是在采空区内用工字钢维护一条回风通道，只用一条运输顺槽就完成了煤炭的运输及通风任务。随着放顶煤支架的移动在工作面后方维护回风通道，使新 鲜风流进入工作面，清洗过工作面的乏风通过维护的回风通道进入回风上山，形成完整的通风系统。
附图说明
图1为本发明的所述采煤方法工作面的主视示意图；
图2是实施本发明采煤工作面布置的俯视示意图
图3是本发明采区上山布置方式俯视示意图；
图中，1、煤层；2、运输顺槽；3、放顶煤液压支架；4、回风通道；5、工字钢；6、刮板输送机；7、胶带输送机；8、采空区；9、回风上山；10、轨道上山；11、运输上山。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法，为了使本发明的优点、技术方案更加清楚、明确，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细说明。
结合图1、图2和图3所示，单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其包括巷道布置系统、支护系统、运输系统和通风系统，巷道布置系统由运输顺槽2、回风上山9、轨道上山10和运输上山11组成，运输顺槽2布置在厚煤层底板，回风上山9、轨道上山10和运输上山11通过连通煤层两侧得到；支护系统包括放顶煤液压支架、单体液压支架和铰接顶梁，在图2所示的放顶煤液压支架3处布置放顶煤液压支架，放顶煤液压支架位于运输顺槽内，且沿煤层厚度布置；运输系统包括刮板输送机6和胶带输送机7，刮板输送机6的机头搭接在胶带输送机7的机尾；通风系统包括回风通道4和工字钢5，回风通道4在放顶煤液压支架后方采空区侧通过工字钢5维护，回风通道用于使清洗工作面乏风进入所述的采区上山中的回风上山。
实施例1：
以某矿区A矿井2煤层为例：
其基础条件为：矿井开采2煤，煤层厚度5.8m，煤层倾角55°，顶底板岩性为相对稳定的粉砂岩及细砂岩。
采用上述采煤方法采煤：
沿煤层1底板施工运输顺槽，采用四边形巷道。在煤层1内布置放顶煤液压支架3，在煤层1运输顺槽内的支架之间沿走向方向铺设刮板输送机6，并在运输顺槽合适位置安装胶带输送机7，刮板输送机6机头搭接在胶带输送机7机尾，形成工作面原煤运输系统。工作面支架每个循环移架步距为1.0m。工作面推进采取煤层自然跨落然后低位放顶煤，工作面超前支护采用锚杆和金属网支护并配合单体液压支柱和铰接顶梁支护，当达到一个循环移架距离后，采用固定桩固定，支架前溜推移缸与固定桩连接逐架交替移架，然后在运输顺槽一侧用工字钢5维护下一段回风通道至支架后方的采空区8内。放顶煤时，放煤口落下的煤通过 特殊的溜槽溜到刮板输送机上，洒落的煤通过人工攉煤的方式装到刮板输送机上运出。
参见图1、2、3，对于通风线路的设计，新鲜风流由轨道上山10进入煤层1的运输顺槽2，到达采煤工作面，然后乏风经过之前维护的回风通道4至采区回风上山9，再经采区回风石门汇入矿井回风系统。
本发明具有以下优点：
第一、巷道掘进率低，工作面只有一条运输顺槽，减少了巷道掘进的维护费用；
第二、工作面产量大，煤炭损失少；
第三、工作面布置简单，适应性强，适合急倾斜厚煤层的开采，煤层5.5m以上的煤层；
第四、放顶煤开采，采用专用的放顶煤液压支架并采取低位放顶煤，操作比较简单，需要的工人较少，每班4-5人即可；
第五、采用独特的回风通道，解决了工作面通风条件差和瓦斯积聚问题，提高了工作面的安全性，改善了工人的作业环境。
本发明中未述及的部分采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
尽管本文中较多的使用了诸如胶带输送机、液压支架等术语，但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性，本领域技术人员在本发明的启示下对这些术语所做的简单替换，均应在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其包括巷道布置系统、支护系统、运输系统和通风系统，其特征在于：
    所述巷道布置系统由运输顺槽和采区上山组成，所述运输顺槽布置在所述厚煤层底板，所述采区上山通过连通煤层两侧得到；
    所述支护系统包括放顶煤液压支架、单体液压支架、铰接顶梁、锚杆和金属网，所述放顶煤液压支架位于所述运输顺槽内，支设锚杆对巷内顶板支护，并架设金属网进行防护，配合单体液压支架和铰接顶梁位于工作面前方，完成超前临时支护；
    所述运输系统包括刮板输送机和胶带输送机，所述刮板输送机的机头搭接在所述胶带输送机的机尾；
    所述通风系统包括回风通道，所述回风通道在所述放顶煤液压支架后方采空区内靠煤层顶板侧，所述回风通道用于使清洗工作面乏风进入所述的采区上山中的回风上山。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其特征在于：所述运输顺槽采用四边形巷道。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其特征在于：所述放顶煤液压支架循环移架步距为1.0m。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤系统，其特征在于：所述巷道布置系统内的运输顺槽只有一条。
  5. 一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法，其特征在于，依次包括以下步骤：
    a沿煤层底板施工运输顺槽，连通煤层两侧的采区上山；
    b在所述运输顺槽内沿煤层厚度布置放顶煤液压支架，所述放顶煤液压支架每个循环移架步距为1.0m；
    c在放顶煤液压支架采空区侧维护一段回风通道，随着放顶煤液压支架的推移维护下一段回风通道，通往采区回风上山，以此接续；
    d工作面全部采用一次采全高放落顶煤的方式推进，放落下的煤通过运输系统将其运出；
    e新鲜风流经采区运输石门至轨道上山后，进入所述运输顺槽至采煤工作面，清洗工作面后的乏风经所述回风通道至采区回风上山后，汇入矿井回风系统；
    所述采煤方法适用于5.5m以上的单一急倾斜厚煤层开采。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种单一急倾斜厚煤层采煤方法，其特征在于：步骤d中，放落下的煤落到刮板输送机上，散落的煤装到刮板输送机上，配合胶带输送机将其运出。
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