WO2019137440A1 - 一种紧固件 - Google Patents

一种紧固件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019137440A1
WO2019137440A1 PCT/CN2019/071177 CN2019071177W WO2019137440A1 WO 2019137440 A1 WO2019137440 A1 WO 2019137440A1 CN 2019071177 W CN2019071177 W CN 2019071177W WO 2019137440 A1 WO2019137440 A1 WO 2019137440A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fastener
stress
disposed
signal
gasket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/071177
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
童云
成世毅
陈晶
Original Assignee
深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司
Publication of WO2019137440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019137440A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of Internet of Things, and more particularly to a fastener.
  • fasteners have been used in the modern industrial and construction field to achieve the connection between components and components.
  • these fasteners must bear the test of temperature, ultraviolet light, vibration, environmental corrosion, load, alternating stress, shear resistance and torsion resistance. Because fasteners tend to be at the most critical joint locations, these factors have a harsh impact on fasteners, even far beyond the test of the main components of the building. Therefore, in order to avoid engineering accidents caused by fastener failure, it is necessary to regularly check the working state of the fasteners. For example, in the field of rail transportation, maintenance personnel are required to inspect and fasten the fasteners of the fixed rails regularly.
  • This kind of manual inspection method consumes a lot of manpower and is inefficient. It needs to arrange corresponding maintenance sunroof operation points, which limits the space for the improvement of railway throughput capacity, and there are still false inspections and missed inspections for manual inspections. Massive data cannot be recorded. Trace back and other issues. There are also some automated video detection techniques that discriminate between the presence or absence of fasteners and indirectly reflect the working state of the fasteners. There are only two conclusions, namely good and bad or yes and no. This method can't track the stress gradual process and failure process of the fastener, and can't correct it beforehand.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method capable of realizing automatic detection and obtaining specific system data in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art that require human detection, lack of quantization, and system data.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is: constructing a fastener, comprising a body for realizing a fastening function thereof or assisting a fastening function, and further comprising: being disposed on the body to sense the tightness Firmware
  • the stress caused by the micro-deformation generated when the object is fixed is converted into a corresponding electrical signal and forms a state detecting unit for transmitting the state data together with the identity information indicating the identity of the fastener itself.
  • the state detecting unit includes a stress signal generating module for detecting the stress, a sampling module for sampling the stress signal, and receiving the sampling signal and transmitting the state data thereof.
  • a data processing module the data processing module further providing power to the module.
  • the data processing unit includes a passive RFID tag that receives an external excitation signal through an antenna and converts the excitation signal into a power supply voltage to power itself and other modules.
  • the stress signal generating module includes a stress piece and a signal amplifying module that amplifies an electrical signal output by the stress piece; the stress piece senses a slight deformation occurring at a position thereof, generates or causes to be applied thereto The voltage on the change changes to obtain an electrical signal for the output.
  • the stress piece is disposed on a force receiving surface of the fastener and pasted on the force receiving plane.
  • the fastener includes a screw, and the state detecting unit is disposed at a head of the screw
  • a center of the screw head is provided with a recessed counterbore, and the bottom of the counterbore is a smooth plane, and the strain gauge is adhered to the plane.
  • the antenna of the D-tag is placed flush with the surface of the screw head, and the other position outside the surface of the antenna is potted with epoxy.
  • the fastener includes a gasket for assisting fastener fixing
  • the stress piece is disposed on an annular surface of one side of the gasket, and passes through a groove disposed at a side of the gasket Connected by a cable to other modules of the state detecting unit provided on one side of the gasket.
  • one side of the side wall of the gasket is provided with an ear cavity, and other modules of the state detecting unit are disposed in the ear cavity.
  • a fastener embodying the present invention has the following advantages: Since the state detecting unit is provided on the fastener, the state detecting unit is capable of detecting a slight deformation caused by the force on the fastener. The stress is converted into an electrical signal, and the state data is sent together with the identity information of the fastener. By receiving such state data, the force state of the fastener can be automatically determined, thereby obtaining the fastening. The conclusion of whether the piece is working properly. In the case where the fastener is loosened, its stress is lost or reduced due to its unstressed or stressed state, and these states can be reflected by the above state data. Therefore, it can realize automatic detection and obtain specific and systematic data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a state detecting unit in an embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a position of the state detecting unit disposed on a screw in the embodiment
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the positional structure of the state detecting unit disposed on the gasket in the embodiment.
  • the fastener in a fastener embodiment of the present invention, includes a body that implements its fastening function, and further includes being disposed on the body to sense the fastener at The stress caused by the micro-deformation generated when the object is fixed is converted into a corresponding electrical signal and forms a state detecting unit for transmitting the state data together with the identity information indicating the identity of the fastener itself.
  • the state detecting unit includes a stress signal generating module (4, 5) for detecting the stress, a sampling module 3 for sampling the stress signal, and data for receiving the sampling signal and transmitting the state data thereof.
  • a processing module ie, RFID tag 2 and an antenna 1 transmitting the above signal, the data processing module further providing power to the module; ie, the data processing module includes a passive RFID tag 2, which receives an external stimulus through the antenna 1.
  • the signal converts the excitation signal to a supply voltage to power itself and other modules.
  • the stress signal generating module includes a stress sheet 1 and a signal amplifying module 4 that amplifies an electrical signal output by the stress sheet 5; the stress sheet 5 senses a slight deformation occurring at a position thereof, and generates Or the voltage applied thereto is changed to obtain an output electrical signal.
  • the stress piece 5 has a fixed resistance value in the case where the position thereof is not deformed; and in the case where the position is deformed, the resistance value changes, and the bridge can be obtained by a bridge.
  • Such resistance changes are and The degree of deformation is related, and the greater the degree of deformation, the greater the change in resistance.
  • the degree of deformation is related to the force of the position. Generally speaking, the greater the force, the greater the deformation.
  • a fastener will inevitably be stressed while achieving the fastening of the object. These forces will inevitably reflect some positions of the fastener. These planes are called a plane of force. If there is no force on the force plane of a fastener, there is basically only one possibility that the fastener is loose and does not reach the effect of fastening the object. At the same time, the different force conditions also indicate the degree of fastening of the fastener, which can be accurately judged by the change of the above resistance.
  • the signal amplifying module 4 is used to amplify it.
  • the above-mentioned signal amplifying module 4 is regarded as a part of the above-mentioned stress signal generating module, and in other cases, the above-mentioned stress piece 5 may be regarded as a single part, and other parts are regarded as attached thereto. Part of the RFID tag 2.
  • the stress piece 5 Since in the present embodiment, the stress piece 5 needs to detect a slight deformation of the fastener due to fastening or auxiliary fastening, the stress piece 5 is disposed on a force of the fastener. On the plane, and paste it on the force plane.
  • the tag circuit is composed of the antenna 1, the tag chip 2, the sampling module 3, and the signal amplifying module 4 which are sequentially connected.
  • the outside of the tag circuit is connected to the strain gauge 5 through a wire.
  • the tag chip 2 is connected to the antenna 1 and senses the excitation RF signal of the RFID reader through the antenna 1 to generate an operating voltage for its own operation. After the tag chip 2 starts working, it can respond to the RFID reader's query command and feed back the ID data stored by itself.
  • the tag chip 2 responds to the operation command of the RFID reader, and outputs a DC voltage to the sampling chip 3, the signal amplifying module 4, and the strain gauge 5 to work.
  • the strain gauge 5 is attached to the fastener to convert the microstructural changes caused by the stress into a voltage which is transmitted to the signal amplifying module 4 for signal amplification.
  • the tag chip 2 communicates with the sampling module 3 through the SPI bus, and the sampling module 3 controls the amplified signal to sample and obtain the converted digital quantity.
  • the tag chip 2 buffers the sampled data, and in response to the read command of the RFID reader, feeds the sampled data to the RFID reader through wireless communication.
  • the combination between the above state detecting unit and the fastener body is explained by two examples, one example being a screw, and the other example being a gasket applied in a large amount when the fastener is used ( In the present invention, the gasket is considered to be one of the fasteners, which assists in achieving the fastening function).
  • the state detecting unit is disposed at a head of the screw. Please see the picture 2.
  • a center of the screw head is provided with a recessed counterbore, and the bottom of the counterbore is a smooth plane, and the strain gauge is adhered to the plane.
  • the other module of the state detecting unit is disposed in the counterbore, the antenna of the passive RFID tag is disposed at a position flush with the surface of the screw head, and the antenna surface is potted with epoxy resin. Other locations outside.
  • the head portion 10 of the screw (or bolt) is left with a circular shape (which may be other shapes such as a square or a hexagon, etc.).
  • the circular strain gauge 11 is mounted on the plane at the bottom of the counterbore, and the label circuit 12 (i.e., the components other than the strain gauge in each of the above units) is stacked on the circular strain gauge 11, and the label circuit 12 and the strain gauge are passed through the cable 13. connection.
  • the circular strain gauge 11 and the label circuit 12, the label circuit 12 and the hole plane of the counterbore of the bolt head are sealed with epoxy resin.
  • the RFID reader antenna works by activating the tag circuit in the bolt by performing microwave radiation on the bolt head, and the RFID reader acquires the ID data in the tag by the instruction, controls the tag circuit 12 corresponding to the variable piece to supply power, and supplies the strain gauge to the strain gauge.
  • the electrical signal generated by the micro-variation is converted into a digital signal.
  • the RFID reader reads the stress data from the tag circuit by a read command.
  • the fastener is a washer for assisting fastener fixing
  • the stress piece is disposed on an annular surface of one side of the washer, and passes through a concave surface disposed on a side of the washer.
  • the slot is connected by a cable to other modules of the state detecting unit provided on one side of the washer.
  • One side of the side wall of the gasket is provided with an ear cavity, and other modules of the state detecting unit are disposed in the ear cavity.
  • a plurality of strain gauges 21 are mounted in the gasket 20.
  • a square ear cavity 2 2 is attached to one side of the gasket side wall.
  • the label circuit 23 is mounted in the ear chamber 23, and is serially connected in series by the cable 24 and the strain gauge 21.
  • the gasket sleeve is used on the screw. When the screw is tightened, the middle gasket 20 is slightly deformed by the pressure received.
  • the strain gauge 21 in the gasket 20 converts the micro-deformation into an electrical signal, and the label circuit 23 samples the electrical signal. And transmitted to the RFID reader, the detection of the state of the bolt fastening force can be realized.
  • the strain gauges described above may also be mounted on the annular surfaces on both sides of the gasket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

一种紧固件，包括实现其紧固功能或辅助实现紧固功能的本体，还包括设置在所述本体上、感知该紧固件在固定物体时产生的微小形变导致的应力，将该应力转换为相应的电信号并与表示该紧固件自身身份的身份信息一起形成状态数据发送的状态检测单元。

Description

一种紧固件 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及物联网领域， 更具体地说， 涉及一种紧固件。
背景技术
[0002] 现代工业、 建筑领域传统中使用了大量的紧固件来实现部件与部件间的连接作 用。 这些紧固件除了与连接主体一起承担主体的基本功能之外， 还必须承担来 自温度、 紫外线、 震动、 环境腐蚀、 载荷、 交变应力、 抗剪切、 抗扭转等各种 考验。 由于紧固件往往位居最为关键的关节点位置， 这些因素对紧固件影响之 严酷， 甚至远远超过对建筑主要部件的考验程度。 因此， 为避免紧固件失效引 发的工程事故， 需要对紧固件的工作状态进行定期检查， 例如在轨道交通领域 ， 就需要维护人员定期对固定铁轨的扣件进行巡视检查和紧固。 这种人工巡检 方式要消耗大量的人力， 效率低， 需要安排相应的维护天窗作业点， 限制了铁 路吞吐运力的提升空间， 且人工巡检还存在错检、 漏检， 海量数据无法记录、 追溯等问题。 现在也有一些自动化的视频检测技术， 对紧固件的形态有无、 缺 失进行判别， 间接反映紧固件的工作状态。 该方法只有好和坏或有和无两种结 论， 该方法无法对紧固件的应力渐变过程、 失效过程进行跟踪掌握， 不能进行 事前纠正。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0003] 本发明要解决的技术问题在于， 针对现有技术的上述需要人力检测、 缺乏量化 的、 系统的数据的缺陷， 提供一种能够实现自动检测、 能够得到具体的、 系统 的数据的一种紧固件。
[0004] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： 构造一种紧固件， 包括实现其紧 固功能或辅助实现紧固功能的本体， 还包括设置在所述本体上、 感知该紧固件 在固定物体时产生的微小形变导致的应力， 将该应力转换为相应的电信号并与 表示该紧固件自身身份的身份信息一起形成状态数据发送的状态检测单元。
[0005] 更进一步地， 所述状态检测单元包括用于检测所述应力的应力信号产生模块、 对所述应力信号进行采样的采样模块和接收所述采样信号并将其形成状态数据 发送出去的数据处理模块， 所述数据处理模块还为上述的模块提供电源。
[0006] 更进一步地， 所述数据处理单元包括无源 RFID标签， 其通过天线接收外部的 激励信号并将所述激励信号转换为电源电压， 为其自身和其他模块供电。
[0007] 更进一步地， 所述应力信号产生模块包括应力片和放大所述应力片输出的电信 号的信号放大模块； 所述应力片感知其所在位置发生的微小形变， 产生或使得 施加在其上的电压发生变化， 从而得到输出的电信号。
[0008] 更进一步地， 所述应力片设置在所述紧固件的一个受力平面上， 并粘贴在该受 力平面。
[0009] 更进一步地， 所述紧固件包括螺钉， 所述状态检测单元设置在所述螺钉的头部
[0010] 更进一步地， 所述螺钉头部的中心位置设置有一凹陷的沉孔， 所述沉孔底部为 一光滑平面， 所述应变片粘贴在所述平面上。
[0011] 更进一步地， 所述状态检测单元的其他模块设置在所述沉孔中， 所述无源 RFI
D标签的天线设置在与所述螺钉头部表面平齐的位置， 并用环氧树脂灌封固定处 所述天线表面外的其他位置。
[0012] 更进一步地， 所述紧固件包括用于辅助紧固件固定的垫圈， 所述应力片设置在 所述垫圈一面的环状表面上， 并通过设置在所述垫圈侧面的凹槽， 由线缆与设 置在所述垫圈一侧的状态检测单元的其他模块连接。
[0013] 更进一步地， 所述垫圈侧壁的一面设置有附耳腔， 所述状态检测单元的其他模 块设置在所述附耳腔中。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0014] 实施本发明的一种紧固件， 具有以下有益效果： 由于在紧固件上设置有状态检 测单元， 该状态检测单元能够检测紧固件上的由于受力引起的微小形变而导致 的应力， 并将其转换为电信号， 与该紧固件的身份信息一起形成状态数据发送 出来， 通过接收这样的状态数据， 就能自动判断紧固件的受力状态， 从而得到 该紧固件是否工作正常的结论。 在紧固件松开的情况下， 由于其不受力或受力 状态减小， 导致其应力消失或变小， 这些状态都能够通过上述状态数据体现出 来。 因此， 其能够实现自动检测、 能够得到具体的、 系统的数据。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0015] 图 1是本发明一种紧固件实施例中状态检测单元的结构示意图；
[0016] 图 2是所述实施例中所述状态检测单元设置在螺钉上的位置结构示意图；
[0017] 图 3是所述实施例中所述状态检测单元设置在垫圈上的位置结构示意图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0018] 下面将结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步说明。
[0019] 如图 1所示， 在本发明的一种紧固件实施例中， 该紧固件包括实现其紧固功能 的本体， 还包括设置在所述本体上、 感知该紧固件在固定物体时产生的微小形 变导致的应力， 将该应力转换为相应的电信号并与表示该紧固件自身身份的身 份信息一起形成状态数据发送的状态检测单元。 所述状态检测单元包括用于检 测所述应力的应力信号产生模块 （4、 5） 、 对所述应力信号进行采样的采样模 块 3、 接收所述采样信号并将其形成状态数据发送出去的数据处理模块 （即 RFID 标签 2） 以及发送上述信号的天线 1， 所述数据处理模块还为上述的模块提供电 源； 即所述数据处理模块包括无源 RFID标签 2, 其通过天线 1接收外部的激励信 号并将所述激励信号转换为电源电压， 为其自身和其他模块供电。
[0020] 在图 1中， 所述应力信号产生模块包括应力片 1和放大所述应力片 5输出的电信 号的信号放大模块 4; 所述应力片 5感知其所在位置发生的微小形变， 产生或使 得施加在其上的电压发生变化， 从而得到输出的电信号。 例如， 所述应力片 5在 其所在位置并未发生形变的情况下， 具有一个固定的电阻值； 而在其所在位置 发生形变的情况下， 其电阻值发生变化， 通过一个电桥能够得到这个电阻的变 化情况， 并将这个变化转换为电信号 （例如电压） 输出。 这样的电阻变化是和 形变的程度相关的， 形变程度越大， 其电阻变化就越大。 而形变的程度又是和 该位置的受力情况相关的， 一般来讲， 受力越大， 形变也越大。 一个紧固件在 实现紧固物体的同时， 必然会受力， 这些受力的情况也必然会体现出该紧固件 的一些位置上， 这些位置组成的一个平面， 称之为受力平面。 如果一个紧固件 的受力平面上没有受力， 基本上只有一种可能， 就是该紧固件松脱， 没有达到 紧固物体的效果。 同时， 不同的受力情况还表示了该紧固件的紧固程度， 这些 都可以通过上述电阻的变化情况进行准确的判断。 在本实施例中， 由于应力片 5 输出的电信号比较微小， 为了使其适应后续的处理过程， 使用了信号放大模块 4 对其进行放大。 在本实施例中， 将上述信号放大模块 4视为上述应力信号产生模 块的一部分， 而在另外一些情况下， 也可以将上述应力片 5作为一个单独的部分 ， 而将其他部分视为附属于 RFID标签 2的一部分。
[0021] 由于在本实施例中， 上述应力片 5需要检测紧固件由于紧固或辅助紧固带来的 微小形变， 因此， 所述应力片 5设置在所述紧固件的一个受力平面上， 并粘贴在 该受力平面。
[0022] 总体上来看， 在本实施例中， 标签电路由顺序连接的天线 1、 标签芯片 2、 采样 模块 3和信号放大模块 4组成。 标签电路外部通过连线和应变片 5连接。 标签芯片 2和天线 1连接， 并通过天线 1感应 RFID读出器的激励射频信号， 生成供自身工作 的工作电压。 标签芯片 2启动工作后， 能响应 RFID读出器的查询指令， 并反馈自 身存储的 ID数据。 标签芯片 2响应 RFID读出器的操作指令， 对外输出直流电压， 供采样芯片 3、 信号放大模块 4, 应变片 5工作使用。 应变片 5贴在紧固件上， 将 应力引起的微结构变化转化为电压， 该电压传递给信号放大模块 4进行信号放大 。 标签芯片 2通过 SPI总线和采样模块 3进行通讯， 控制采样模块 3对放大后的信号 进行采样， 并获取转化后的数字量。 标签芯片 2缓存采样后的数据， 在响应 RFID 读出器的读出指令时， 将采样数据通过无线通讯方式反馈给 RFID读出器。
[0023] 在本实施例中， 以两个例子来说明上述状态检测单元和紧固件本体之间的结合 情况， 一个例子是螺钉， 另一个例子是在紧固件使用时大量应用的垫圈 （在本 发明中将垫圈视为紧固件的一种， 其辅助实现紧固功能） 。
[0024] 当上述紧固件是螺钉时， 所述状态检测单元设置在所述螺钉的头部。 请参见图 2。 在图 2中， 所述螺钉头部的中心位置设置有一凹陷的沉孔， 所述沉孔底部为 一光滑平面， 所述应变片粘贴在所述平面上。 所述状态检测单元的其他模块设 置在所述沉孔中， 所述无源 RFID标签的天线设置在与所述螺钉头部表面平齐的 位置， 并用环氧树脂灌封固定处所述天线表面外的其他位置。
[0025] 具体来讲， 在图 2中， 螺钉 （或螺栓） 头部 10留有圆形 （也可以是其他形状， 例如， 方形或六边形等） 沉孔。 圆形应变片 11贴装在沉孔底部的平面上， 标签 电路 12 （即上述各单元中除应变片之外的部件） 叠在圆形应变片 11上边， 标签 电路 12和应变片通过电缆 13连接。 圆形应变片 11和标签电路 12之间、 标签电路 1 2和螺栓头部沉孔的孔眼平面之间用环氧树脂灌封密闭。 当该螺栓连接紧固部件 时， 螺栓头部会因受到反作用力而引起微形变。 RFID读出器天线通过对螺栓头 部进行对微波辐射， 激活螺栓内的标签电路工作， RFID读出器通过指令获取标 签内的 ID数据、 控制标签电路 12对应变片进行供电、 并对应变片因微变产生的 电信号转换为数字信号。 RFID读出器通过读取指令将从标签电路内将应力数据 读取上来。 通过上述过程， 即可实现对螺栓的身份识别和其工作时内部所受应 力的检测。
[0026] 当上述紧固件是用于辅助紧固件固定的垫圈， 请参见图 3 , 所述应力片设置在 所述垫圈一面的环状表面上， 并通过设置在所述垫圈侧面的凹槽， 由线缆与设 置在所述垫圈一侧的状态检测单元的其他模块连接。 所述垫圈侧壁的一面设置 有附耳腔， 所述状态检测单元的其他模块设置在所述附耳腔中。
[0027] 在图 3中， 垫圈 20内安装有多个应变片 21。 垫圈侧壁一侧连接有方形的附耳腔 2 2。 标签电路 23安装在附耳腔 23内， 通过电缆 24和应变片 21按顺序串行连接。 垫 圈套在螺杆上使用， 当螺杆拧紧时， 中间的垫圈 20会受因收到压力引起微形变 ， 垫圈 20内的应变片 21将微形变转换为电信号， 标签电路 23对该电信号进行采 样并传递给 RFID读出器， 可实现对螺栓紧固力状态的检测。 当然， 在一些情况 下， 上述应变片也可以安装在上述垫圈的两面的圆环表面。
[0028] 以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式， 其描述较为具体和详细， 但 并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是， 对于本领域的 普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下， 还可以做出若干变形和改 进， 这些都属于本发明的保护范围。 因此， 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权 利要求为准。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种紧固件， 包括实现其紧固功能或辅助实现紧固功能的本体， 其特 征在于， 还包括设置在所述本体上、 感知该紧固件在固定物体时产生 的微小形变导致的应力， 将该应力转换为相应的电信号并与表示该紧 固件自身身份的身份信息一起形成状态数据发送的状态检测单元。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 i所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述状态检测单元包括 用于检测所述应力的应力信号产生模块、 对所述应力信号进行采样的 采样模块和接收所述采样信号并将其形成状态数据发送出去的数据处 理模块， 所述数据处理模块还为上述的模块提供电源。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述数据处理单元包括 无源 RFID标签， 其通过天线接收外部的激励信号并将所述激励信号 转换为电源电压， 为其自身和其他模块供电。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述应力信号产生模块 包括应力片和放大所述应力片输出的电信号的信号放大模块； 所述应 力片感知其所在位置发生的微小形变， 产生或使得施加在其上的电压 发生变化， 从而得到输出的电信号。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 4所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述应力片设置在所述 紧固件的一个受力平面上， 并粘贴在该受力平面。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述紧固件包括螺钉， 所述状态检测单元设置在所述螺钉的头部。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述螺钉头部的中心位 置设置有一凹陷的沉孔， 所述沉孔底部为一光滑平面， 所述应变片粘 贴在所述平面上。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述状态检测单元的其 他模块设置在所述沉孔中， 所述无源 RFID标签的天线设置在与所述 螺钉头部表面平齐的位置， 并用环氧树脂灌封固定处所述天线表面外 的其他位置。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 5所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述紧固件包括用于辅 助紧固件固定的垫圈， 所述应力片设置在所述垫圈一面的环状表面上 ， 并通过设置在所述垫圈侧面的凹槽， 由线缆与设置在所述垫圈一侧 的状态检测单元的其他模块连接。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 9所述的紧固件， 其特征在于， 所述垫圈侧壁的一面设 置有附耳腔， 所述状态检测单元的其他模块设置在所述附耳腔中。
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