WO2019135126A2

WO2019135126A2 - Inclined keel having a driving chain (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2019135126A2
Application number: PCT/IB2018/059753
Authority: WO
Inventors: Борис КУЧУКОВ
Original assignee: Борис КУЧУКОВ
Priority date: 2018-11-08
Filing date: 2018-12-07
Publication date: 2019-07-11
Also published as: RU2018139311A; WO2019135126A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to an inclined keel capable of inclining a fin (3) to an angle greater than 90° and a watercraft having such a keel. The end faces of the upper part of the fin comprise trunnion supports and removable or non-removable drive sprockets (1). A removable or non-removable eye of a load-bearing structure is joined to a trunnion support. Drives are fastened onto the loading-bearing structures, said drives being connected to the ends of a driving chain (30) that wraps around the sprocket. The role of the drive for one end of the chain can be performed by one or several hydraulic cylinders (31), pneumatic cylinders, or lead screws that can be screwed into a threaded bushing or a unit having several bushings. The assemblies are covered by housings (72). The load-bearing structures are mounted on a craft through apertures in the bottom of the craft. Also described is an inclining-lifting variant of the keel and a variant of the fin, which is produced by connecting the fin to a shaft.

Description

Title of invention

Inclined keel with drive chain (options).

Technical field

The claimed invention relates to shipbuilding, to the device of the keels and hulls.

Prior art

The first devices of oblique carinae were proposed as early as the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. For example, one of the first patents is US648911 (BEARDSLEY) with a priority date of 1899. From those very times to the present, dozens of devices have been proposed, but only a few have reached the stage of practical implementation.

The reason for this is that many of the proposed devices are described by a too general concept, the implementation of which requires additional intellectual work, which often exceeds the groundwork described in the application or patent, i.e., in essence, it is necessary to create the device again. An example is the patent US 5163377 (CALDERON in co-authorship) on a device that is a prototype of an inclined keel that has been used in sailing. In particular, such keels were installed on IMOCA class yachts, on VOLVO OCEA RACE yachts and others. However, the implementation of this patent required many changes and improvements. For example, the replacement of the drive unit, the use of split bearings (trunnions), inserted into the sleeve of the ends of the shaft to be able to install the keel, the adaptation of the hull to install such a keel I etc. For a specialist familiar with the said patent and the device of modern yachts with an inclined keel installed, it should be clear that for the industrial applicability of this patent it took a lot of extra hours of intellectual work.

Another reason for the lack of industrial applicability of many devices of oblique keels is that ideas and devices are proposed, whose performance is very doubtful. For example, this is one of the latest proposed devices described in applications WO / 2016/185356 and W 0/2016/185357 (CRONWRIGHT). In this invention it is proposed to use a shaft of small diameter, which is connected by quadrants with curved sheets. At the same time through two notches in the bottom of the vessel pass edges of sheets that are radially screwed to the quadrants. In the applications WQ / 20I6 / I85356 and WQ / 2016/185357, these holes in the bottom are numbered 1 150 (Fig. PA) In this case, according to the author, the sheets should be bent into a cylinder or a cone and to the bottom of the sheets that is under the bottom , two sheets are screwed, converging to the bottom together, where they are connected to the ballast keel. Water should flow through the bottom of the shell sheets under the bottom and between the sheets holding the ballast keel.

The operability of this device raises reasonable doubts, since it is proposed to use elements of low rigidity that are not designed for arising loads as power elements. If you propose to the author to translate his idea into practice and build a real yacht, for example, with a torque of 25 kN / m on the keel shaft, which roughly corresponds to a keel for a twelve-meter sailboat, the following will be guaranteed. At first, when loading sheets with a ballast keel, the sides and bottom of a circular cylinder will extend downward, since the sheath has too low rigidity and will not hold the shape under load. Then, when you roll the sailboat and / or attempt to load the shaft and turn it, the sheets holding the ballast keel will come together and the ballast keel will hang somewhere closer to the zero point (near the zero moment) without creating opposition to the roll. Those. The roll resistance will be significantly less than even a standard non-tilting keel, since it will be loose. Even if the hydrodynamics are significantly degraded and the sheets holding the ballast keel are equipped with transverse bulkheads, in spite of this, the upper cylindrical part will begin to wrinkle (even without a twisting load, it will already be crushed under the weight of the ballast keel). It is already impossible to fix this, since the author’s concept implies placing a shaft and quadrants over the bottom. Only curved sheets of a cylinder (210 or 520 and 530) pass through two holes in the bottom (1150). Other disadvantages of the proposed device is the inability to provide waterproofing of the holes in the bottom, in which sheets are inserted. Waterproofing the hollow ends of the cylinder is not shown.

Other examples of prior art are the following inventions. Conventionally, there are two types of carinae: with a drive placed above the ballast, and a drive placed to the side of the ballast. The first type includes such as US5163377 and its advanced counterparts driven by hydraulic cylinders, which are installed on the yachts of the VOLVO OCEAN RACE regatta. W02005085060 (ST CLAIR BROWN) is a similar design.

The second type of oblique carinae includes the keels: with a lever (US 3903827 (MARCIL), US5622130 (CALDERON in co-authorship), US6951 180 (ROBINSON in co-authorship)); mast (US64891 1 (BEARDSLEY), US5280760 (EDWARDS)); a worm gear segment (WO2016185356 (CRONWRIGHT)) or any other drive device located on the side of the fin (ballast). Those. These are such devices for oblique carinae, where the drive unit (lever or other) is connected to the fin (ballast, which can also be the supporting structure for the ballast keel) not from above, but from the side, and usually through the trunnion. In comparison with the previous type, there are additional torsional loads on the axles.

You can also distinguish the third type of oblique carinae, in which only part of the fin tilts: ЕР1464572 (BIANCHI), JP2005088704 (YOSHIHIKO), W02004098987 (PEN SON). Inclined keels were also proposed, the description of which does not provide an accurate understanding of their devices and what type they are. For example, US4117797 (KELLY in co-authorship), WOI987000136 (MARR), W0198800015 I (VUORENMAA).

The claimed invention includes drive units located laterally from the fin, i.e. refers to the second type of oblique carinae of the proposed gradation. At the same time, none of the inventions of the previous level of technology contains sprockets at the ends of the upper part of the fin and a chain drive as a drive. Due to these and other elements, the claimed invention is capable of providing the fin inclination at an angle of more than 90 °, with the highest reliability and waterproofing of the hull of the vessel at the keel installation site. In addition to the asterisks, all other elements, like the hull of the vessel, also have a specific device. For comparison, the inclined fin fin of the previous level of technology is mainly able to deviate at an angle of 40 ~ 45 °, since the inclination of the fin and lever is limited to the bottom of the vessel. This angle is considered to be quite reliable for this keel. The deviation of the fin of such a keel at an angle of 55 °, which was realized in isolated cases, entails substantial risks of breakage of the fin, lever and hydraulic drive or destruction of the ship's hull. Such keels are short-lived.

Analogs of use of the hydraulic drive (pneumatic drive) as a drive unit for the claimed invention are US3903827 (MARCIL), US5280760 (EDWARDS), ί .55622! 30 (CALDERON in collaboration), US6951180 (ROBINSON in collaboration). However, the common thing here is only the hydraulic cylinders, without regard to their location and interconnection with other nodes.

An analogue of the use of lead screws as a drive unit for the claimed invention is W02007004944 (CLAESSON). However, the device data screwdrivers have significant differences from the stated. They have their own specifics, adapted to change the position of the lever. The axis of the screw and sleeve changes the inclination relative to the horizontal, deflecting the lever. In contrast, in the claimed invention, the axis of the screws should not change position. Also, in CLAESSON, the swivel with a fin (lever) prevents the sleeves from rolling. In the claimed invention, this cannot be done, since the sleeve is connected to the end of the chain, and the chain, unlike the fin, is not rigid. For this reason, other ideas are required in order to ensure the bushings only linear movement (up - down) without changing the position of the axis. Otherwise, the chain may jump off the sprocket or, at a minimum, there will be a strong parasitic friction and increased abrasion. To solve this problem is possible, for example, by making protrusions on the sleeves and counter grooves on the supporting structures. Therefore, the features of the drive devices of the claimed invention in the version with driving screws are closer to the classical devices of machine tools, where the feed is also provided with grooves and protrusions, and driving screws. Also, the differences in the driving screws of the claimed invention from CLAESSON in the device for fastening the driving screws and in their drive.

The author of the claimed invention tried to present the device with the necessary and essential details in order to save the manufacturers from the need to make additional efforts in the development of any nodes in the manufacture of this inclined keel. The device is operable, which is easy to check. Permissible loads and ultimate strength of such components as chain, sprocket and hydraulic cylinders are indicated in manufacturers' catalogs (for example, www.wippermann.com). Hence, using the appropriate formulas known to those skilled in the art, it is easy to calculate the parameters of the sprocket, chain, etc., that are required for a particular fin with a certain length and mass, i.e. with a certain moment on the shaft. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The claimed invention provides the inclination of the fin at an angle of up to 90 ° and more, which increases the moment of counteraction to the roll. In the oblique-lift version, the draft of the vessel is also reduced. The diagram in Fig.1 illustrates the positive effect of the claimed invention in comparison with the prior art. This refers to such inventions of the prior art, the performance of which is tested in practice.

Basically, most of the inclined carinae of the previous level (with a lever as a drive unit) were made and are made with the possibility of tilting the fin at an angle of 40 ° ~ 45 °. Several yachts were made with an angle of 55 °, but for the keels of the prior art, this significantly reduces the safety of the structure, since it increases the risk of breaking the keel and the occurrence of leaks.

In the diagram in Fig.1, the leverage for the moment of counteraction to the roll at the angle of inclination of the fin at 40 ° is marked “L”. A deviation of the fin by an angle of 60 ° (59 ° with a minute and seconds, more precisely) will increase the moment by a third. Deviation of the fin at an angle of 75 ° will increase the moment by 50% compared to 40 °. More accurate values can be obtained by constructing right-angled triangles and finding angles for cosines. Then, to increase the leverage of the force “L” by 50%, it is necessary to reject the fin not by 75 °, but by 74 ° 38 ^' .

As seen in the diagram, a further increase in the angle of inclination of the fin in the water slightly increases the moment of counteraction to the roll. Therefore, it may be sufficient to make a keel with an angle of inclination of 75 °, however this is determined by individual preferences. In addition, the fin can bend, and in this case, to achieve the specified point, compensation in the form of a deviation by a slightly larger angle will be required. You should also remember that the weight of the body in water is less than the weight of this body in the air. Therefore, when the keel or its part leaves the water, the weight increases by a certain amount depending on the density of water (sea or fresh) and the density of the keel (used metal and other materials). The design of the keel in accordance with the variants of the claimed devices can provide the angle of inclination of the fin sufficient to release it into the atmosphere. For example, it can be used for a sufficiently long keel to exit its lower part in the form of a ballast keel. Also, the exit of the keel from the water to the atmosphere can be provided only with a certain roll of the hull. The claimed invention provides the ability fin deviations at an angle of more than 90 °. To do this, the upper part of the fin is located at some vertical distance from the bottom.

Even in the event that the keel in accordance with the claimed invention to produce with a tilt angle of 75 °, even this angle is not achievable for inventions of the prior art. The increase in the angle of inclination of the fin for the claimed invention does not reduce the safety of the vessel and does not impair the waterproofing. These criteria remain consistently effective at any angle of inclination.

This is achieved through various devices. This is a fin, in the upper part of which a single-row or multi-row drive sprocket is made or installed on at least one end. Also, this part of the fin contains supporting trunnions and may contain waterproofing trunnions. The fin is the ballast and / or supporting structure for the ballast keel (if present). A fin with trunnions and asterisks can be made by connecting the fin to a shaft containing the trunnions and asterisks. The invention also includes supporting structures with an eye in the lower part for joining with a pin (pins). Bearing structures can be with a collapsible eye or with a non-collapsible eye. In this case, the non-separable eye can be made on the detachable element. Also supporting structures can have different widths (lateral expansions) to compensate for the radial dimensions of the drive mechanisms. Or may have a narrowing to the center height, or another applicable profile. If the upper part of the fin contains a waterproofing pin, then a waterproofing wall is joined to it. It does not perform a power function, so it can be made of a less durable material and be thinner. The invention also includes a drive, which can be hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders or spindle screws. The drive is fixed on the supporting structure and / or by means of the supporting structure. A drive chain is connected to the bottom of the drive, which engages the drive sprocket. In this case, more than one drive can be connected to each end of the circuit. For example, several hydraulic cylinders. If lead screws are used, the ends of the chain are connected to the sleeve (sleeves) or bushing blocks for several lead screws, into which the lead screws are screwed. Between the bearing structure and the end of the shaft, i.e. a seal is installed around the eye. The described assembly assemblies are closed by covers that create a barrier against water. The lower part of the cover closes the sprocket and is placed under the bottom when the keel is installed on the vessel. This part of the casing is made in a flexible form b or with it fit the fairing. Fairing different ends (front and stern) may have a different shape to reduce stall. Shells can be made to the full height of the supporting structures or be shorter.

The keel is installed on the vessel through a hole in the bottom. For this, the ends of the supporting structures are screwed to the frames connected to the keel set. Walls can be made along the edges of the hole in the bottom. In this case, the walls are placed between the frames and the ends of the supporting structures with casings. If the walls are strong enough, then the frames may be missing and the supporting structures are glued or (and) screwed to them. Holes in the bottom and end walls at the edges of the hole may have a different profile. For example, directly third-party or with rounding. Enclosures can be installed after fixing the supporting structures. This is achieved by grooves on the ends of the supporting structure or overhead guides. You can also use the tabs on the ends of the supporting structures, which rest on the side frames. In this case, the fastening screws are screwed in after installing the cover.

The joints of the collapsible elements of the lugs of the supporting structures, as well as the joints of the supporting structures with the casings and with the walls along the edge of the hole are sealed - glued or a seal is installed between them. The hole above the central part of the fin, if present, is waterproofed.

The lifting version of the inclined keel is provided with a hole in the central part of the shaft. Through this hole the fin retracts into the body. In this embodiment, the upper part of the fin with trunnions and asterisks at the ends is made separately in the form

Great

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig.1 The diagram of the moment of counteraction to a roll is shown depending on the angle of inclination of the fin of the keel. It is shown that when the angle of inclination is about 59 °, the torque relative to the angle of 40 ° increases by one third. It is also shown that when the angle of inclination is about 75 °, the moment relative to the angle of 40 ° increases by 50%.

Fig.2. A side view of the keel is shown with sprockets coupled with a detachable joint. The keel is shown assembled with bearing structures, covers and hydraulic cylinders (chain not shown). For example, the ends of the keel are shown with different options. Fig.3. A side view of the keel with fixed sprockets. The keel is shown assembled with bearing structures, covers and hydraulic cylinders (chain not shown). The keel is shown mounted on the vessel, the bottom of the hull is shown (in the cliff), passing into the end walls at the edge of the hole. For example, the ends of the keel are shown with different options.

Fig.4. Isometric view of the supporting structure with a folding eye, removable sprocket, disc for mating with the shaft end and shaft, which is the upper part of the fin. Items are shown without matching.

Fig.5 An isometric view of the elements of the inclined keel is shown. The shaft is shown with supporting (waterproofing and supporting) trunnions and splined cutting along the ends for joining with asterisks. In the central part of the shaft there are also holes for shanks of the fin and pins. The fin is shown with shanks and a ballast keel without a joint with the shaft.

Fig.6 A front view of the keel mounted on the vessel with hydraulic cylinders as a drive is shown. The connection of the supporting structure (assembled with hydraulic cylinders, chain, sprocket and casing) with side frames connected to the keel set is shown. Between the frames and the supporting structure, the walls of the housing are shown along the edge of the hole in the bottom.

Fig.7. A side view of the keel with fixed sprockets. In addition, each end of the upper part of the fin is shown with two bearing pins. The keel is shown assembled with load-bearing structures and hydraulic cylinders (chain not shown).

Fig.8 An isometric view of the supporting structure with a folding eye is shown. The edges of the U-shaped element are shown with lateral expansion, the transition to expansion is made at the level of the bottom of the housing.

Fig.9 An isometric view of the supporting structure with a folding eye is shown. The edges of the U-shaped element are shown with lateral expansion, the transition to expansion is made at the level of the bottom of the housing. In this case, both elements are shown with a reduced thickness for the matching match.

Fig.10. Isometric view of the supporting structure with a folding eye is shown. The edges of the U-shaped element are shown without lateral extensions. Fig.11 Shows the front view of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye and a taper to the top.

Fig.12. A side view of the keel installed on the vessel with two drive sprockets on one end is shown. The keel is shown assembled with bearing structures, covers and hydraulic cylinders (chain not shown).

Fig.13. A front view (cross section) of the hull of a sailing vessel with an inclined keel with a chain drive mounted is shown. The ends of the chain are connected to the hydraulic cylinders.

Fig.14 Shows the front view of the keel with hydraulic cylinders as a drive aligned with the walls along the edge of the hole. The supporting structure with a folding eyelet is shown with a transition to lateral expansion above the bottom level, complete with hydraulic cylinders, chain, sprocket and casing. Hydraulic cylinders are shown with reduced dimensions relative to the previous version.

Fig.15 Shows a front view of the supporting structure with a folding eye, with the transition to the lateral expansion of the main part above the bottom level.

Fig.16 The front view of the keel is shown with hydraulic cylinders as a drive aligned with the walls along the edge of the hole. The supporting structure with a folding eye is shown with the edges of a U-shaped element, made without a transition to lateral expansions, assembled with hydraulic cylinders, a chain, an asterisk and a casing. The hydraulic cylinders are shown with reduced dimensions (similar to Fig.14), the attachment points of their lugs are shifted towards the center.

Fig.17. The side view of the keel for Fig.14 and 16 is shown. It is shown that two hydraulic cylinders are connected to each end of the chain.

Fig.18. The front view of the keel is shown with hydraulic cylinders as a drive. The supporting structure with a folding eye is shown with the edges of a U-shaped element, made without a transition to lateral expansions, assembled with hydraulic cylinders, a chain, an asterisk and a casing. Hydraulic cylinders are shown with reduced dimensions relative to all previous options.

Fig.19. A side view of the keel for Fig.18. It has been shown that four cylinders are connected to each end of the chain. Fig.20 Shows a front view of the keel, aligned with the walls along the edge of the hole, with driving screws as a drive. The support structure is shown assembled with spindles, chain, sprocket and casing.

Fig.21 A front view of the keel mounted on the vessel, with hydraulic cylinders as a drive, is depicted. The connection of the supporting structure with a folding eye and narrowing to the top (assembled with hydraulic cylinders, chain, sprocket and casing) with side frames connected to the keel set is shown. Between the frames and the supporting structure, the walls of the housing are shown along the edge of the hole in the bottom. The walls and side frames are shown under the slope, which corresponds to the narrowing of the supporting structure. Hydraulic cylinders are shown with reduced dimensions (similar to Fig L 8)

Fig.22 A knot of a block of bushings is shown, connected to a chain, into which four lead screws, fastened on a common base, are screwed.

Fig.23 An isometric projection of the front casing - fairing with horizontal shelves along the bottom level and additional elements to increase the waterproofing area and increase rigidity. The front wall is shown with rounding.

Fig.24 An isometric view of the fairing is shown for load-bearing structures without lateral extensions.

Fig.25 An isometric view of the front, straight-sided casing with horizontal shelves along the bottom level is shown. The fairing is shown manufactured separately with subsequent connection.

Fig.26. Isometric view of the keel mounted on the vessel, with hydraulic cylinders as a drive. The connection of the supporting structure with a folding eye with side frames (assembled with hydraulic cylinders, chains, asterisks and casings) is shown. Between the frames and the supporting structure are depicted the walls of the housing along the edge of the oval hole in the bottom. A section of the housing is shown along the diametral plane, respectively, the left part of the hole in the bottom is shown. Rear casing - fairing and fin shown in the cliff. The upper frame is removed after fixing the supporting structures. Fig.27. An isometric view of the front casing --- of the fairing, the supporting structure with a folding eye, sheets and duct, providing waterproofing.

Fig.28 (isometric view) The bearing structure with a folding eye and guides for the casing mounted on the vessel is shown. Also shown is a rear, straight-sided casing and a rear fairing, manufactured separately.

Fig.29 (isometric view) The main parts of the supporting structures with a folding eye, and guides for the casing for both ends of the keel mounted on the vessel are depicted. Guides are shown manufactured separately, followed by connection with the ends of the supporting structures. The hole in the bottom is shown with rounding on one end and directly sided on the other. The cut of the bottom and walls is shown in two planes.

Fig.30 (isometric view) The supporting structure is shown with a non-separable eye made on a detachable element. The main part of the supporting structure is shown with side projections and mounted on the vessel.

Fig.31 An isometric view of the keel in an inclined-lifting version mounted on the vessel is shown. The body section is shown along the diametral plane.

The best embodiments of the invention.

In any embodiment, the claimed invention contains single-row or multi-row asterisks made one-piece or joined by means of a detachable connection with the upper part of the fin. Sprockets made with permanent connection, as a rule, are made in the form of a shaft - sprockets (1) with subsequent joining with the fin of the keel (3). The upper part of the fin for sprockets, joined by a detachable connection (2), can be made in the form of a shaft (4) with seats on the ends (5). In this case, the fin (3) is also connected to the shaft.

The connection of the shaft and the fin is ensured by any method. For example, as described in US5280760 (EDWARDS), where curved bolts are inserted into the fin, inserted into holes in the shaft and secured with nuts. Or in any other way. For example, you can offer a connection of the shank (b) of the fin (53) with one or several holes (7), made in the central part of the shaft (54). Reference numbers 53 and 54 denote the figure number (Fig 5), preceded by the technical sign for ease of identification. The shank of the fin is inserted into the holes and secured with pins (8) or screws mounted perpendicularly. The cross-sectional area of the shank is substantially larger than the cross-sectional area of the bolts in US528Q760, so such a connection should be more durable at kink. However, this is also just one of the possible manufacturing options. The number of pins and their corresponding holes in the shank and the central part, as well as their diameter, are shown in the drawing for example purposes only. These values may be greater or less. The cross section of the shank may not differ from the cross section of the fin and be inserted into the hole of the corresponding shape. If the method of making a fin with a sleeve described in US3903827 (MARCIL) is used for one-piece stars, then two separate shafts are made - sprockets inserted into the sleeve of the upper part of the fin from different ends

In this application, the methods for manufacturing the fin are not described in detail (including its upper part, both made separately from the fin and with it). For this reason, the shaft and the fin, made in the form of separate elements with the subsequent connection, are only a special case. The sign “upper part of the fin” should be understood as any possible variant of manufacturing a unit containing a fin (3), supporting pins and a removable or non-removable sprocket (asterisks). For this reason, it may be possible to suggest other methods for manufacturing such a unit (besides those mentioned and proposed in this application). Also, the application does not describe the shape of the fin and the various devices that can be placed on it (deviated wing, wings on the ballast keel (9), etc.). Specialists, these methods and devices should be known from the prior art.

The shape of the fin for the oblique variant can be any applicable: with narrowing to the bottom; uniform thickness; go beyond the length of the shaft (the central part of the shaft); etc. For an oblique --- lifting variant of the keel, the fin should be smaller in length and thickness than the central part of the shaft. Under the length of the fin refers to the direction between the bow of the vessel and the stern, i.e. part of the length of the vessel.

The seats (5) and return sleeves of removable sprockets (2) have any type of docking. For example, slotted or profile cutting, keyway or otherwise. At each end of the upper part of the fin (shaft) are made trunnions with which the lugs of the supporting structures meet. At one end can be placed one or more stars.

The support pin (10,11) can be made in front of the seat (5) for a split sprocket (2) or in front of an integral star (1) (when viewed from the center). It can also be made (12,13) after the seat (5) for a removable sprocket (2) or after a fixed sprocket (1) (second pin). In this case, the first pin (10, 1 1) does not have to be a reference. It can be designed to fit with a waterproofing wall (waterproofing pin), and not with the supporting structure. The waterproofing wall (15), coupled with the waterproofing pin (14), unlike the supporting pin (10, 1 1), joined to the supporting structure (21 or 35,36), is not a force element and can be thinner and lighter. Therefore, it has less strength and should not perform a strength function, it is a function of the supporting structure. Power loads will be transferred to the waterproofing wall only if they are rigidly joined to the body (for example, to glue or screw to the frame (42) and / or to the wall along the edge of the hole (43), as well as the supporting structure). Therefore, instead of a rigid fixation, a connection of a waterproofing wall (15 or 17, 18) can be used only with the casing (72), but not with the casing. The casing in this place also should not be rigidly docked with the body. The only rigid fixation in this case can only be at the ends of the supporting structure, to which the casing is also pressed. In other places, waterproofing can be provided by various options. For example, only at the upper ends with an elastomer or a polymer film connected to the casing and to the body, not in tension, but with a margin. If the waterproofing pin (14) is made before the seat (5) for a removable sprocket (2) and the radial dimensions of the seat do not extend beyond the diameter of the pin, it fits with the eye of the waterproofing wall (15) in the axial direction. If the waterproofing pin (16) is made in front of the fixed asterisk (1), then the folding eye of the waterproofing wall (17, 18) is radially joined with it. The device of the wall with such an eye is similar to the device of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye and contains the lower U-shaped part (1 8) and the upper main part (17). On the waterproofing pin, as well as for the support, a radial protrusion (several projections) can be made that prevents axial mobility. In this case, the folding eye waterproofing wall has a reciprocal groove. In the drawings, the pin data is depicted with a protrusion.

The docking of the lug of the supporting structure with the bearing pin is carried out in the axial or radial direction. In the axial direction the non-separable eyelet (20) joins, in the radial direction - folding. Axial docking is applicable for keel with separable sprockets (2). In Fig.2, for example, the keel is shown with split stars (2), in which the left side contains only one support pin (10) (first pin), and the right side contains two axles (12, 14). At the same time, the first pin (14) of the right side is joined to the waterproofing wall (15), and the second pin (12) is the supporting one and joined to the supporting structure (19). The eyelet in the lower part of the left supporting structure (21) should be fixed axially during the joining in order not to damage the waterproofing (22) in the form of a cuff or stuffing box placed between the shaft end and the supporting structure. For a bearing structure with axial joining, this is solved, for example, by a hub made at the end of the shaft or along the edges of the lug of the supporting structure, or thrust (radially - thrust) bearings. In Fig.2, the pin (10) of the left side of the keel is docked with the supporting structure (21) through radially-thrust bearings (23), and the waterproofing pin (14) of the right side passes into the shaft hub (27), and the waterproofing wall rests against it ( 15), against which the hub of the sprocket (2) rests. The tension of the sprocket (2) of the right side in this case is limited by the length of the spline grooves of the seat (5), which is a simplification. The tension of the sprockets can be provided by a disk (24) with a radial protrusion along the edge, with holes for screws. In this case, at the end of the shaft, there are also threaded holes (25), into which the screws are screwed, ensuring the necessary disk tension. The disk can rest against the hub sprockets (2) or into the supporting structure (19) through thrust (radially thrust) bearings or directly.

These docking options are for example purposes only. The supporting structure may have a docking without bearings and abut the shaft hub or sprockets (if it is a supporting structure for the second bearing pin). Or vice versa, docking can be provided by a combination of radial and radial - thrust (radial and thrust) bearings. Due to the low speeds of rotation of the bearing pins and the prolonged lack of rotation when fixing the fin to the required angle of inclination, the radial bearings, which facilitate the rotation of the pin in the eyelet, do not are required. However, technically nothing prevents their installation. If a waterproofing wall is used instead of a supporting structure for the first axle, it can also be joined through bearings. In addition, the tension can be provided by fixing the wall with the casing, if it is also fixed with the supporting structure. If the casing walls are sufficiently rigid, then they impede the axial mobility of the waterproofing wall. In this case, the hub of the shaft or bearings to limit the stop waterproofing wall on waterproofing is not required. The arrangement of the trunnions shown in Fig.2 is for example purposes only and is in no way a recommendation to use it. In fact, this combination of different options for each end is depicted so as not to draw two separate drawings with each of the options. Any combination can be used, including with two bearing pins on one or both ends of the upper part of the fin, i.e. in Fig.2, this would be depicted at least in the form of the second bearing pin on the left, after the asterisk (2). The combination of bearings through which the trunnions are mounted is also given as an example only. You should also understand that the diameter of the first pin, as a reference, so I waterproof, may be less than the dimensions (diameter) of the seating for the asterisk. Such a pin is depicted in Fig.5 (the first from the center). It is obvious that in this case radial joining with a folding eyelet of the supporting structure, and not axial, is used. Details on the design of such support structures are described below.

For the first bearing pin (1 1) one-piece shaft --- asterisks (1), a radial coupling with the supporting structure with a folding eye (35, 36) is used. Fig.3 shows the combination of variants from a single supporting structure with a folding eye (left) (35, 36), as well as a folding waterproofing wall (17, 18) and a supporting structure with a folding eye (39, 40) (right). Axial fixation is also provided with a pivot with a radial protrusion (11, 13, 16) and a reciprocal groove in the folding eye. Fig.7 shows a variant of the keel with a shaft — asterisks (1) PI with two bearing pins on each end (711, 713). Reference numbers 71 1, 713, 735, 736, 739, 740 denote the number of the figure (Fig.7) placed before the reference designation of the technical feature for the convenience of its identification. To limit the axial mobility on the trunnions, a radial protuberance is machined, and in the elements of supporting structures (735, 736 and 739, 740), a reciprocal groove (37.38) is made for it. The second pin (713) can be performed without a radial protrusion and have no radial and axial joining (12) with a non-separable eye (20) of the supporting structure (19). The option with an integral star significantly increases torsional strength. However, for various reasons, the option with a detachable asterisk may be used instead.

The supporting structure is made in any possible way. For example, by cutting out metal sheets using plasma, water-jet, gas, mechanical, or other cutting. The supporting structure (21) shown in Fig.4, as well as the supporting structures with a folding eye, can be obtained in this way. In the case of this method, in addition to the outer contours (profile) of the supporting structure, holes for various purposes can also be cut in the supporting structure itself. For example, holes to reduce the mass of the supporting structure (28) or holes for matching with the eyelets of hydraulic cylinders (29). The shape and number of holes shown in the drawing for example only and can be any applicable. Also, welding of the supporting structure or assembly with the help of a detachable joint can be used. For example, the lower part (32) of the supporting structure (21) with an eye (20) can be cut from sheet metal, and the main part (33) is welded from profiled metal (corner, I-beam, etc.). It is also possible to use other methods of manufacture: casting, 3D printing or otherwise.

The profile of the supporting structure is determined by the ergonomics and method of manufacture, as well as by the number of supporting trunnions (and, accordingly, supporting structures joined to them). The supporting structure should function normally under conditions of significant loads (compression, compression - tension), which occur when the chain (30) is tensioned by hydraulic cylinders (pneumatic cylinder) or a lead screw. In addition to the calculated strength margin PI, the rigidity, the geometric dimensions of the supporting structure are also determined by the dimensions of the drive devices (hydraulic cylinders or many). For example, if the end of the chain (30) is connected to only one hydraulic cylinder rod (31), then this hydraulic cylinder must be sufficiently powerful. Accordingly, its dimensions can go beyond the height of the chain and the width of the lower part of the supporting structure (32) with eye. Or this lower part of the bearing structure with an eye may be oversized. The latter can be applied, but this will increase the keel resistance to the water flow, i.e. will worsen hydrodynamics. Therefore, this supporting structure can be made with the lower part (32), smaller in width than the main part (33). In the lower part (32) of the supporting structure (19, 21), an eyelet (20) is made for docking with the bearing pin. In this case, if bearings are used, the corresponding seats can be made in the eye (34). The ends of the supporting structure can be made holes (26) (threaded holes) for joining with the side frames (42) and / or with the walls along the edge of the hole (43) using pins, screws (44) or bolts with nuts. The ratio of the width of the lower (32) and upper (33) parts of the supporting structure, the number of holes (26), their diameter and arrangement in one row is not a recommendation to use the shown version. This is just an example. For example, the holes may not be the entire length of the supporting structure, which is determined by the height of the frame (42) and / or walls (43), and may also be in several rows. It should also be noted that the transition to the main part (33), which is smaller in width of the lower part (32), can be made not above the level of the bottom of the ship hull, but higher. For example, in front of cylinders of hydraulic cylinders, as shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15.

The bearing structure with a folding eye consists of two parts: the main part (35, 48, etc.) and the U-shaped bottom (36, 49, etc.), in which the rounding passes into the side edges (45 or 51 ). The lower inner part of the U - shaped element forms the lower part of the eye, and the lower part of the main element forms the upper part of the eye. Inside the elements that form the eyelet, a groove (37, 38) can be made, in which the radial protrusion of the pin (1 1, 13) rotates when joining. A groove (47) can also be performed along the interface of the elements and a counter projection (46). Profile groove (groove) is determined by the shape of the cutter. Grooves can also be made in the upper part of the ribs under the extension of the main part. Grooves (grooves and reciprocal protrusions) increase the surface area and, accordingly, the area of waterproofing. They also prevent axial mobility. If the groove and the protrusion is made of a trapezoid, then the grooves also prevent lateral mobility. The width U of the --- shaped and main parts may be the same (48.49), with the exception of the lower protrusion (50) of the main part (48), in the lower part of which the upper part of the folding eyelet is made, and which fits between the side ribs (51) U - shaped element (49). For example, if several thin hydraulic cylinders are used for each end of the chain as described below. If more powerful hydraulic cylinders are used (pneumatic cylinders, lead screws), as described above for the supporting structure with a non-separable eye, the edges of the U - shaped part can be made with a lateral extension (45). Both parts of the supporting structure may contain holes for connection with the side frames (42) and / or walls along the edge of the hole (43), and / or between themselves. For example, through holes (52) are drilled in the edges of a U - shaped element, and in the main part, a section (55) of which is placed between the edges, blind threaded (56) for connection with screws (44). Or, through holes are also drilled in the main part and the connection with the U-shaped element and side frames is provided with a threaded end bolt and a smooth middle part on which the holes of the elements rest. To simplify the joining between themselves and / or with longitudinal frames, both parts of the collapsible supporting structure can contain various protrusions (46), grooves (47), and openings, including the recessed screw slot (57) (if necessary). U --- the figurative part can dock with the main part not only with the aid of fasteners (screws, etc.) screwed from the end. Screws can also be screwed in from the back and / or front side (58). To do this, each of the two elements (U - shaped (932) and the main (931) part) can have a different response thickness at the junction. Or the thickness of the elements may be the same, and they are connected with a common lining, screwed from the back to the U - shaped element and the main one. Reference numbers 931 and 932 denote the figure number (Fig.9), preceded by the technical sign for ease of identification. In addition, the edges of the U-shaped part, both with the extension (45) and without (51), can be the full height of the supporting structure. In this case, the main part of the supporting structure is made of an appropriate form for matching only between the edges of the U-shaped part (45 or 51), i.e. the main part has no protruding part located above the ribs during docking. In the drawings, this option is not shown, but it is easy to imagine. In fact, these are elements 50 or 55 in the entire height of the supporting structure.

All shown on the supporting structures of the holes, grooves, etc. elements are not recommended to apply such number, diameter, location, etc. Illustrations are just an example. Also not shown holes for weight reduction, for docking with hydraulic cylinders, for docking with the vessel, which may also be present. In these figures, only possible contours of supporting structures are shown. Also, as stated above for carrier constructions with a non-folding eye, it is not necessary that the transition of the lower part to the lateral extensions (45) be along the bottom line of the vessel. It can be made higher.

The oblique keel may contain an asterisk (sprockets), the supporting structure and the drive unit, which are placed only on one end of the upper part of the fin (shaft) (Fig.12). However, the preferred option is to place the stars on both ends. This doubles the margin of safety or allows the use of asterisks of smaller diameter. In addition, it also eliminates such a negative effect as a twisting angle between the fore and aft sides of the fin. The variant with several asterisks at the end is depicted in Fig.12. In this example, these are two removable asterisks (2) placed only at one end between two bearing pins joined with the supporting structures (1219, 1221). Obviously, sprockets can also be integral. Reference numerals 1219 and 1221 denote a figure number (Fig.12), preceded by a technical sign for ease of identification. In this embodiment, each sprocket corresponds to its own chain (not shown), the end of which is connected to a separate hydraulic cylinder (31) (pneumatic cylinder), however, the ends of the two chains can also be connected to one hydraulic cylinder. Or vice versa, each end of the chain can be connected to several hydraulic cylinders. It should be borne in mind that the ratio of sizes of hydraulic cylinders and asterisks shown in this figure and in the other drawings is simplified. In reality, for example, the diameter of a hydraulic cylinder with a sufficient margin of safety for a three-row sprocket can be substantially less than its length (its length is the axial direction).

Hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders may be connected to the supporting structure through the lugs or any other applicable connection. For example, they can be made with threaded holes in the end (1331) or the radial part of the cylinder. In this case, the end part of the hydraulic cylinder (1331) is screwed to the upper frame (41) or the beam resting on the side frames (42) or on the supporting structures (35). Also, the cylinder core fluff, its radial part can be screwed to the supporting structure or (and) to the side frame (42). The number 1331 denotes the number of the figure of the drawing (Fig.13), placed before the reference designation of the technical sign for the convenience of its identification.

As already mentioned, the dimensions of hydraulic cylinders, the ratio of the diameter of the rod and cylinder, the ratio of the width of the supporting structure, hydraulic cylinders and chains, and other parameters are subject to change, since they depend on many factors. Such as, for example, the metal from which the hydraulic cylinders are made, the working pressure for which they are calculated, the number of rows of chains and sprockets, etc. Therefore, it should be understood that the image of the keel, i.e. dimensions of hydraulic cylinders, dimensions of lateral extensions of supporting structures, parameters of sprockets, etc. may vary and differ slightly from the pictured. However, for a better understanding of the claimed invention, several combinations are described below. In Fig.14 and Fig. 17 shows the main view and the side view of the keel with two hydraulic cylinders (1431) for each end of the chain (1430), which are placed between two supporting structures with folding eyes (1435, 1449 and 1739, 1749). The numbers of these reference symbols indicate the number of the drawing (Fig.14 and Fig.17), placed before the number of the reference symbol of a technical sign for ease of identifying it. In this case, the number 14 indicates the first figure, in which this technical feature is depicted in the corresponding embodiment, and in subsequent drawings in this embodiment, it is denoted by the same number. A similar numbering procedure for variants of a technical feature, which is present in several drawings, is applied further. Fig.14 shows the keel with a cut on the second pin (from the center) and, accordingly, shows the supporting structure for the first bearing pin. The asterisk (141) and the chain (1430) in this combination are shown in three rows. Fig.15 shows the supporting structure for this combination. It should be borne in mind that essentially there are no differences between the elements of the supporting structure for the first supporting pin (main part (1435) and the LI-shaped part (1449)) and the elements of the supporting structure for the second supporting pin (1739,1749). They have different reference designations only for ease of identification, since one supporting structure fits in with the first bearing pin and the other with the second. As can be seen in the images, the lower part of the supporting structure is made without excess width, i.e. at the chain itself, while the upper part is made with lateral extensions extending beyond the width of the ribs. The transition to the expansion is not done at the bottom of the hull, but above - at the point of entry of the hydraulic cylinder rods into the cylinders. Instead, you can make the lower part of the supporting structure wider - in one width with the upper part without a side transition. However, this will slightly increase the resistance to water flow. One can do without a side transition in another primitive way - by moving the top of the hydraulic cylinders to the center, as shown in Fig.16. Side view for him everything is also, in essence, corresponds to the image in Fig.17, i.e. we can assume that instead of the supporting structure elements with a collapsible eye (1435) and (1449), the supporting structure is shown with elements (1648) I (1649), which are essentially similar to the elements (48) and (49), and the second supporting structure is similar to the first .

Another combination can be realized by docking an even larger number of hydraulic cylinders (pneumatic cylinders) with each end of the chain. In Fig. 18 and Fig.19 depict four hydraulic cylinders (1831), combined with one end of the chain (1430), which, as in the previous case, is depicted three-row and, accordingly, bends around the three-row asterisk (141). These elements are placed between two bearing structures with folding eyes. As in the previous embodiment, in essence, there are no differences between the elements of the supporting structure for the first support pin (48.49) and the elements of the supporting structure for the second support pin (1948.1949). Reference numerals 1948 and 1949 denote the figure number (Fig.19), preceded by the technical sign for ease of identification. Four hydraulic cylinders for each end of the chain are just an example. It is obvious that there may be more hydraulic cylinders (less). It is not necessary that each rod of the hydraulic cylinder dock directly with the chain link, they can only dock with an elongated roller of the chain link that distributes the load. For the above combinations, the load-bearing structures with a folding eye are shown, however, taking into account the above description, it is obvious that the same width of the lower and main parts of the load-bearing structure, and the use of several drive devices for each end of the price, is also used for the load-bearing structure with a one-piece eye ( ).

Since there is a lot of space between thin hydraulic cylinders (1831) or pneumatic cylinders at different ends of the chain, they can be shifted to the center at the top. Such a variant of the supporting structure, in this case with a folding eye, is shown in Fig. ll. As can be seen in the drawing, the edges (1151) of the U-shaped part (1149) of the supporting structure also have a slope towards the center. Accordingly, the diameter of the trunnion is greater than the distance between the ribs in the upper part, and for its joining it is necessary to move the ribs apart (1151). Therefore, the U-shaped part must be made of a suitable bending material. Further, the ribs are also moved apart and joined to the ends of the lower lip (1,150) of the main part (1,148). Fig.21 shows a variant of this keel, installed on the ship. The walls (2143) along the edge of the hole in the bottom are made at an angle to the center. The side frames (2142) are also tilted.

Similarly, instead of hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders, drive screws in several versions can be used as a drive. In one embodiment, shown in Fig.20, two powerful spindle screws (59) are used, one for each end of the chain (30). Screws are screwed into a matching threaded bushings (60) connected to the ends of the chain (30). The bushings do not spin, but only move linearly (up and down). For example, protrusions made on bushings and counter guide grooves made on supporting structures (2035.2036), along which the protrusions slide, prevent the scrolling of the sleeves. The shanks (61) of the screws have radial protrusions (62), which rest against a common base (63) or thrust bearings (64) mounted on a common base. In Fig.20, the common base (63) is shown wider than the supporting structure, but this is only an example. The width of the common base may correspond to the width of the supporting structures. Gear shafts or sprockets for chain transmission (not shown) are joined with the shafts of the spindle screws. Gears can have various gearing. For example, the gears of both screws have joint gearing. In this case, at least one gear has a drive. The drive can also be implemented in various ways. One of them is the engagement of at least one gear of the shank of the drive sprocket (gear), mounted on the motor shaft, or being an element of the gearbox connected to the engine. It is also possible to attach an sprocket of the chain transmission onto the extended shank (65) over the gear and transfer the gearing to the gearbox sprockets or the sprocket mounted on the motor shaft using a chain. Instead of an asterisk, mounted on the motor shaft, any other drive can be used. For example, it may be a twist, similar to those used on sailboats to twist sails, or some other drive. Also for each screw can be used a separate drive. Those. each screw shank is connected to a separate engine through a gear or chain drive, gearbox or directly. In this case, the revs of each engine and, accordingly, the tension of the circuit, can be adjusted through the software installed in the corresponding control device. The engine (engines), gearbox (if available) and other drive elements can be placed between the supporting structures or waterproofing walls, coupled with the first support (or waterproofing) pin of each end. These drive elements, as well as gears, are not shown in the drawings, but any specialist will easily present them based on this description. The shank of the screw (65) can be longer than the element (s) mounted on it, and end with a seat under the lever (wrench, etc.) with which, if necessary, a manual drive can be provided. A general gearing with only the drive sprocket (gear) can also be performed. Between themselves, such gears of the spindle screws are not engaged. In this variant of engagement, the thread of the screws must be opposite.

In another embodiment, several lead screws may be used for the tightness of each end of the chain (1430). Fig.22 shows the four spindle screws (2259), screwed into four sleeves (66) with counter threads, made on one node --- block of sleeves (67). A block of bushings (67) is connected to the end of the chain (1430). Accordingly, the other end of the chain is also connected to another block of bushings. Lead screws (2259) are fixed on a common base (2263), on which the lead screws of another block of bushings (the second end of the chain) are also fixed. For each lead screw can use its own drive. Also, the lead screws may have alternating opposing cuts. This means that for synchronous torsion of the spindle, the gears mounted on the shanks (2261) must be meshed with each other. Those. the gear on the first spindle engages with the gear on the second, the second with the third, the third with the fourth. At least one shank can fit a gear or sprocket that engages with the drive screw gear of another block of bushings (the other end of the chain). For this, the shank must be extended. The gearing with the drive gear is carried out as described above.

The described variants of the drives with the help of hydraulic cylinders (pneumatic cylinders) or spindle screws are applicable to the supporting structure with axial joining of the trunnion and with the radial (with a folding eye).

Bearing structures, coupled with the upper part of the fin (shaft bearing pins) and drive elements (hydraulic cylinder, asterisk, chain), and / or waterproofing walls and supporting structures, joined with waterproofing and bearing shaft pins and drive elements, are covered with a front casing (cover - a fairing (72)) and a rear (stern) casing (a casing - a fairing (73)). If two are made at the end of the upper part of the fin pins, the casing can cover only the space between the two respective supporting structures. It can be made of metal, composite, polymer or other sheet. Fig.24 shows a casing (74) for two supporting structures in which the bottom and main parts have the same width. An end wall can also be provided in the housing. For supporting structures with lateral extensions, the casing: must be bent appropriately and have horizontal shelves. Another housing variant (2372) is shown in Fig.23. It is a casing for one or two supporting structures with lateral extensions or for a waterproofing wall and a supporting structure with lateral extensions. For this purpose, horizontal shelves (75) are made in the casing, which in this case lie at the level of the bottom of the case. Accordingly, the horizontal shelves for the casing, made in full height of the supporting structure with lateral extensions, the transition to which is made above the bottom level, will be made above the bottom. In this case, the sides of the casing correspond in shape to the shape of the wall that corresponds to the shape of the hole. In this case, the front part of the casing is rounded (76), but a different shape may be used, for example, the straight side. When this fairing for the lower part of the casing can be made separately. The front rounding at the bottom, which is placed under water, is not only a casing, but also a fairing (77). Housings can be in the full height of the supporting structures or partially cover them. The back of the casing may have additional elements (78) that increase the docking surface and, accordingly, increase the waterproofing area. If such an additional element is used, the lower part of the supporting structure (or the elements of the supporting structure with a folding eye) is appropriately milled (so that a flat plane is created when applying it, since the stuffing box is in contact with it). Such additional elements do not have to be in full height, they can only be performed at the bottom. Inside the casing, various elements of rigidity can also be additionally welded (glued, etc.). For example, an element that gives rigidity in the place of the corner transition (79). Or an element that stiffens the entire bottom (80). Casings can be manufactured together with fairing (in a streamlined form) or fairing can be manufactured separately with subsequent joining. Such a separately made nose cone (81) for the upper part of the fin is shown in Fig.25. The casing (2572) in this case is depicted with straight sides. Accordingly, such the same profile should be in the bow of the hole in the bottom and at the walls at the edges of the hole (if any). It is necessary to take into account that essentially the casing (2372) shown in Fig.23 is the same as in Fig.2 and 3. It differs in some additional elements, for example, element (80), and also differs in that the front rounding at the bottom part (fairing) (77), as well as lateral rounding, goes into a horizontal shelf and only then goes into a rounded vertical front wall. The housings in Fig.2 and 3 are made a little differently. In them, the front fairing immediately goes into a vertical front wall. This difference does not apply to the essence of the device (it is not essential), but to the production version. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned. Therefore, due to some differences, despite the fact that they are not significant, for ease of identification, the casing shown in Fig.23 has its own reference number (2372 - by the figure number). However, this casing with additional elements can be installed instead of the usual one.

In Fig.26, the lower part of the rear casing (stern fairing (82)) is made more elongated to reduce stalling. In this variant, there is a place between the casing at the point of rounding and hydraulic cylinders for outputting any communications (for example, hydraulic hoses, etc.) and / or for visual control and access to the chain and sprocket (for example, for lubrication). If there is no need for this, the wall of the casing may be more close to the hydraulic cylinders. Obviously, instead of rounding the cover can be made directly third-party or otherwise, with a close connection to the hydraulic cylinders (pneumatic cylinders) or at a distance (for the purposes described above).

Several options for the installation of supporting structures on the vessel can be applied. In one of them, the keel assemblies in the collection are closed by covers and secured inside the bottom-up vessel. For this purpose, a hole is made in the bottom of the housing (68) through which the supporting structures with shells pass. Walls can be made along the edges of the hole. The walls create a barrier between the water and the interior of the vessel. Also, if the walls are strong enough (strong) and can hold the supporting structures, then the supporting structures can be screwed or (and) glued to them without using the side frames (42). For this wall can be connected to the keel set. The supporting structure may not be screwed, but glued with sheets of composite. Those. sheets are glued on the rear part of the supporting structure and on the side walls or on the longitudinal frame. If a composite body is used, the walls can be part of the body or be firmly connected to it. The most reliable option is to form the body together with the walls. To do this, the matrix of the housing in place of the hole is set matrix of the appropriate form. In fact, it is a box with longitudinal and transverse walls. It may also have a ceiling. The hole in the bottom of the case may have a different shape: oval, with straight sides; combined, i.e. with the ends of different shapes; or other. Accordingly, the transverse walls may be straight, rounded or otherwise, and repeat the shape of the hole. Layers of fiberglass, which lined the bottom, go to the sides of the box. If a method is used for the manufacture of a ship hull, molded in two matrices (right and left), followed by gluing along the diametral plane, then half-matrices of hole walls for each of the halves can be used.

If the walls at the edge of the hole are not strong enough to hold the supporting structures, then the frames (42) are installed behind the walls inside the case, to which the supporting structures are screwed on with screws (44). The frames are usually connected to various elements of the keel set (69), which distributes the load over a large area. The figures show frames installed on the sides, but they can also be placed along the ends, i.e. around the whole hole. Also, the longitudinal frame (side) may be longer than the hole. The transverse (as well as longitudinal) elements of the keel set can be from any applicable material (composite, metal, etc.) and have any applicable shape (profile), for example, an I-section, rectangular, etc. Elements of the keel set can have holes (70) and various cutouts for technological purposes. The height of the keel beam (69) shown in the drawings is for example purposes only and is not a recommendation to use such beams. The height is determined by various variables, such as material, beam thickness, sectional profile, number of beams, distance between them, etc. Essentially, the beam may be a frame. Also, instead of the longitudinal and transverse elements of the keel set, sometimes in the construction of vessels, reinforcement in the form of a continuous lamination is used, for example, when balsa or foam is glued to the bottom. Accordingly, on such cases, the frames can be connected to such a bottom. The connection of the side frames with the elements of the keel set is carried out by any method depending on the material (welding, threaded connection, riveting, gluing, etc.).

Fig.26 shows one of the possible variants of joining the supporting structures with the body, in which the elements of the supporting structures with a folding eye (35) are connected from above with a common element, for example, a frame (71) or a beam. The frame (71) is set temporarily so that the keel can be pulled into the body, i.e. for rigidity. After fixing the supporting structures (35,36) with side frames (2642), the upper common frame (71) can be removed. The side frames (2642) and walls (2643) around the hole in this case are shown in full height of the supporting structures. However, such a height is only one of the possible combinations. For convenience of perception, only the side frame furthest from the viewer (2642) is shown, the proximal one is not shown, the rear casing - the fairing is shown in the gap. The hole in the bottom and walls are depicted in the form of an oval (a section of the body is shown in the diametral plane and, accordingly, its left part).

The walls at the edges of the openings may be comparable in thickness to the bottom of the ship's hull (especially if they are molded together with the hull of the composite vessel), but may also be significantly thinner. For example, if a hole is made in the hull of a composite vessel and the frames connected to the keel set are fixed on the sides, waterproofing can be ensured by gluing fiberglass (charcoal) to the outside of the bottom to go inside the frame to the frame. As well as gluing from the inside (or just gluing from the inside). This description is relevant for a composite ship hull, for a metal hull, a wall and / or frame at the edges of the opening can be connected to the hull by welding.

The place above the upper part of the fin (shaft) between the supporting structures and / or waterproofing walls of different ends is also waterproofed. For example, glass fiber sizing (83) in Fig.3)), etc. can be used for this. Or insert, welding the box (84) of the appropriate shape, for example, as shown in Fig.27. In this case, the main part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye (2735) is cut out with holes for weight reduction. Holes are closed sheet (85), which is welded to the ends of the ends of the casing. Also, the box (84) is welded to the ends of the casing and the side sheets (86) can be welded. The box can be full height and replace the sheets. Also the box and sheets can be connected to others. method (by gluing, screwing, etc.) and be not metal, but from a different material (composite, polymer, etc.).

If the upper part of the fin is recessed into the bottom, then the concave bottom section above the fin (central part of the shaft) can be made (molded if the body is composite) together with the body.

Between the two ends can be installed drive elements (oil tank, hydraulic pump or electric motor, etc.). Also in this place can be brought out through the supporting structures or on top of them tubes (hoses) of high pressure from hydraulic cylinders. In the figures, all these elements are not shown, but taking into account this description, specialists should understand their presence, approximate shapes and dimensions (dimensions) and, accordingly, where they can be placed.

Another option for joining the keel is different sequence of docking. With this option, the fixing of the main parts of collapsible supporting structures is carried out first, after which the final assembly of all elements takes place. The collapsible support structure can be with a collapsible eye for radial alignment with a bearing pin (35.36 and analogues) as described above or can be made with a detachable lower part (3032.3033), in which a non-separable eye (3020) is made. The number 30 before the technical sign indicates the number of the figure of the drawing. Installation / disassembly of the fin and sprockets connected to it, chains and drive units is carried out by drawing it into the drive body and fixing it at the points of attachment. Also, the drives can be fixed first, after which the rods of the hydraulic cylinders (pneumatic cylinders) or spindle screws of each of the ends of the fin are pulled out as much as possible and are attached to the chains connected to them (during installation), the sprockets connected to the upper part of the fin are removed. . With this option, the U-shaped element of the folding eyelet is fixed after bringing the hydraulic cylinders (or other drive) to the neutral position, i.e. pulling in (screwing in) to the middle. If a detachable lower part (3032) with a non-separable eye (3020) is used for the first pin, it is obvious that it fits in before installation. After mounting these nodes, the bottom hole is covered with a casing.

Fig.28 shows a variant of the supporting structure (2835) for the aft part of the fin, in which the casing is mounted on the bottom along the guides (87), which are made on the end of the supporting structure. To the right half of the butt screwed the screws connecting the frame to the frame connect the cover (2873) to the left half. This figure shows a variant of the U - shaped lower part with lateral expansion, the end of which is fixed to the frame only after docking with the casing, for which the lower part of the casing is respectively extended (88). Obviously, this is only one of the possible options (and not significant ones). It is obvious that the end of the U - shaped part can repeat the relief of the end of the main part. The aft fairing (89) of the upper part of the fin in this embodiment is made separately from the casing. Instead of guides made at the end of the supporting structures, can be applied guides made behind the end (beyond the end), which increases the area of the joint. Such guides (90) are conveniently and simply manufactured separately and then connected to the supporting structure (2935).

In addition, the supporting structures can have various fixing elements (side projections (91), etc.) and be installed through the top from inside the housing. Or the protrusions can be detachable and screwed to the ends, after installing the supporting structures from the bottom up. This is how the main part (3033) of the inclined keel supporting structure, depicted HaFig.30, is installed. It is obvious that a supporting structure with a detachable eye can also be made. Or vice versa, the main part (3033) of the supporting structure of the inclined keel may not have lateral projections (91) and be mounted from bottom to top. The variant with side projections on the supporting structure can be useful in that it allows installation of the casing without the use of grooves on the ends of the supporting structures or guides. For this purpose, the supporting structures are supported by side projections on the side frames, but they are not connected with screws until the casing is installed. Therefore, between the ends of the supporting structure and the walls along the edge of the hole there remains a gap (gap) into which the wall of the casing passes. After installation of the casing, screws are screwed into the ends of the supporting structure through the frame, wall and casing.

In addition to the options described, the upper part of the fin (shaft) can be placed under the usual bottom, i.e. it does not retract into the hole and is not under a concave bottom. These elements are missing in the case and instead they are the usual bottom, in which holes are made only for passing through the bottom of the supporting structures and casings. Such an option is shown in Fig.12. On the edge of the hole can also be made wall. The keel in obliquely --- lifting variant differs in that the fin (313) is lifted up and lowered down through the through hole (92) in the central part of the shaft (314) with seating for sprockets or one-piece stars. For this, the upper end of the fin (93) is connected to the cable (94) or a chain, through a block or directly. The shape of the cross section of the upper end of the fin may differ from the cross section of the main part of the fin (313) and go beyond its dimensions. Thereby limit the lowering depth. In this case, such an upper end of the fin can be milled (molded, etc.) together with the fin or detachably connected. In the latter case, the upper part of the fin with a cross section other than the fin may be replaced by any other devices. For example, the pins inserted perpendicularly at the top of the fin, and the corresponding grooves for the protruding parts of these pins, which can be made in the central part (3 14), and on which the pins rest.

Retracting is carried out by any device, for example, using a cable (cables) and a winch, or a system of blocks. The withdrawal of the cable (s) can be carried out through guide blocks (not shown) fixed between the side frames (3142) or between the supporting structures. For this, the supporting structures can be extended. A cable (chain) is connected to a drive (hand winch, engine, etc.), which can be placed, for example, at the bottom or in any other place. Or the drive can also be placed between the side frames. In this case, the blocks can be used as a chain pulley. In the opinion of the author of this application, there is no need to describe and illustrate in detail the possible options for the arrangement of blocks and drives (electric winch, chain hand hoists, etc.). Given the above description, all this becomes obvious to specialists.

Industrial Applicability

The keel can be combined with an automatic stabilization system for the watercraft. Analogs of such systems are widely used in aviation, rocket production and spacecraft. According to the organizers of America's Cub, a similar system will be installed on new yachts of the next racing season. Such systems include gyroscopes (gyroscopic sensors) or other types of sensors (for example, electro-optical) and signal processing tools that can be used by a computer or smartphone with appropriate software. For example, when the roll exceeds the programmed one, the algorithm of the software sends a signal to the electromechanical hydraulic distributor and / or electric pump, which change the angle of inclination of the fin.

Bearing structures can be cut from rolled metal sheets. Cutting the supporting structure of metal can be provided by the method of plasma or waterjet cutting. In addition, methods can be combined. Eyelet for coupling with a trunnion, as a more responsible node, can be cut with more accurate waterjet or laser cutting, and the outer contours and holes for weight reduction - with a plasma or gas, band saw or saw blade. At the same time, cutting precision can be replaced by machining, followed by grinding, grinding and similar finishing operations.

Reference List

1 --- fixed single-row or multi-row drive sprocket for chain transmission (shaft - asterisk)

2 - removable single-row or multi-row drive sprocket for chain transmission, connected by means of a detachable connection

3 - fin keel

4 - the central part of the shaft

5 - shaft seats for removable sprockets (2)

6 --- fin shank (53) for connection with holes in the central part of the shaft

7 - mating holes in the central part of the shaft for the shank (6) of the fin (53)

8 - pins for joining the fin tail with the central part of the shaft

9 - ballast carina in the lower part of the fin

10 - supporting pin, made in front of the seat for a removable sprocket

1 1 - supporting trunnion with a radial protrusion to limit axial mobility, made in front of a fixed asterisk

12 - the second bearing pin, made after the seat for a removable sprocket

13 - the second bearing pin with a radial protrusion to limit the axial mobility, made after a fixed sprocket

14 --- waterproofing pin, made in front of the seat for a removable sprocket

15 - waterproofing wall with eye for axial joining with waterproofing pin

16 - waterproofing trunnion with a radial protrusion to limit axial mobility, made in front of a fixed asterisk

17 - the main part of the waterproofing wall with a collapsible eyelet for radial matching with the waterproofing pin

18 - removable lower part of the waterproofing wall with a folding eye for radial matching with a waterproofing trunnion

19 is a supporting structure with an eye for axial matching with a bearing pin (second pin), with the bottom part (32), smaller in width than the main part (33)

20 --- non-separable bearing frame 21 --- supporting structure with an eye for axial joining with the first bearing pin, with the lower part (32), smaller in width than the main part (33)

22 - place for sealing cuff or stuffing box

23 - radially - thrust bearings

24 - disk for tension and fixation of the end elements of the shaft

25 - threaded screw holes in the end of the shaft

26 - holes for screws and (and) bolts in the ends of the supporting structure for fastening on the vessel

27 - hub at the shaft end (upper part of the fin)

28 - holes in the supporting structure to reduce its weight

29 - holes in the supporting structure for interfacing with the eyes of hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders

30 - drive chain

31 - hydraulic cylinders

32 - the lower part of the supporting structure with a non-folding eye, smaller in width than the main part

33 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye

34 - seats in the non-separable bearing eye

35 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, designed for radial joining with the 1st bearing pin and LI-shaped removable part, in which the side edges are made with extensions

36 - U-shaped removable lower part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, designed for matching with the first bearing pin and the main part (35)

37 - groove for the radial protrusion of the bearing pin, made in the lower part of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye

38 - groove for the radial protrusion of the support pin, made in the U-shaped removable lower part of the supporting structure

39 - the main part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, designed for radial joining with the 2nd bearing pin and U-shaped removable part, in which the side edges are made with extensions 40 - U-shaped detachable lower part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, designed for matching with the 2nd bearing pin and the main part (39)

41 - upper horizontal frame on which hydraulic screws with threaded holes in the end are fixed with screws

42 - side frame, to which the supporting structures are screwed, and which is connected to the keel set

43 - wall along the edge of the hole through which the keel is installed

44 - screws for connecting the supporting structure with a non-folding eyelet or elements of the supporting structure with a folding eyelet with side frames and / or with walls along the edge of the hole

45 is a side edge with an extension of the U-shaped part of the supporting structure

46 - end protrusion in the lower section (55) of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye (35)

47 is a reciprocal end groove for the protrusion (46), made on the inner sides of the edges of the U-shaped element (36) of the supporting structure

48 - the main part of the supporting structure reduced in width with a folding eye, designed for matching with the 1st bearing pin

49 - U-shaped removable lower part of the width-reduced supporting structure, in which the side edges are made without extensions, designed for matching with the 1 st bearing pin and the main part

50 - the lower part of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye (48), in the lower part of which the upper part of the folding eye is made, with the ends of which are joined by side edges without an extension of the U-shaped part (51)

51 - side edge of the U-shaped part of the supporting structure without lateral expansion

52 - through holes for screws (bolts) in the ends of the U-shaped element

53 - fin connected with holes in the central part of the shaft (54), shown in Fig.5

54 - the central part of the shaft with holes for connection to the fin, shown in Fig.5

55 - the lower portion of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye (35), in the lower part of which the upper part of the folding eye is made, with the ends of which are joined by side edges with an extension of the U-shaped part (45) 56 - holes for screws (bolts) in the lower part of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye with which the side ribs of the LI-shaped part are joined

57 - holes iodine recessed screw slot

58 - holes, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the shaft (the upper part of the fin) for connecting different in thickness elements of the bearing structure with a folding eye (931, 932)

59 --- lead screw

60 - female threaded bushing for the spindle, in the lower part connected to the chain

61 - shaft spindle

62 - radial protrusion on the shaft of the spindle

63 - common base, into which radial projections on the end shanks of propellers resist through thrust bearings or directly abut

64 - thrust bearings in a common base (63)

65 - elongated shaft spindle

66 - threaded holes (bushings) for several lead screws, made on one block of bushings (67)

67 - block sleeves

68 - bottom of the hull

69 - keel set

70 - holes in the keel set

71 — A time frame for connecting the supporting structure from above and pulling the keel assembly to the inside of the body, which is removed after connecting the supporting structures to the body

72 - front cover; (casing - fairing)

73 ~ rear casing (casing - fairing)

74 - casing for supporting structures (supporting structure and waterproofing wall), which are made without lateral extensions

75 - horizontal casing shelf

76 - rounded casing wall

77 - fairing in the form of rounding in the lower part of the casing HQ is an additional element in the back of the casing to increase the area of fit to the supporting structure

79 - an additional element in the place of the corner transition of the horizontal shelves of the casing in the vertical walls

80 - an additional element connecting the inside of the vertical walls, horizontal shelves and the lower part of the casing to increase rigidity

81 - nose fairing for the upper part of the fin, made separately

82 - elongated aft rear casing - fairing

83 - fiberglass or similar, glued at the junction of the supporting structures and walls along the edge of the hole (or waterproofing walls and walls along the edge of the hole), as well as above the fin, and intended for waterproofing

84 - duct mounted above the fin and between the supporting structures (waterproofing walls) and frames (42) fixed on the edge of the hole, designed for waterproofing

85 - sheet, covering the holes in the supporting structure, made for weight reduction, designed for waterproofing

86 - side sheet covering the holes in the frames (42), designed for waterproofing

87 - guides for installation of the casing, made on the ends of the supporting structure

88 - elongation in the lower part of the casing, which does not fit into the guide (87)

89 - feed fairing for the upper part of the fin, made separately

90 - guides for installation of the casing, made separately

91 - lateral protrusions at the ends of the supporting structure for supporting the frame (42)

92 - through hole in the central part of the shaft for raising and lowering the fin (313)

93 - upper end of the lifting fin (313)

94 - a cable or chain connected to the upper end of the lifting fin (313)

141 - one-piece three-row drive sprocket shown in Fig.14 and other drawings

313 - ascentable fin as shown in Fig.31

314 - the central part of the shaft for a fin with the possibility of lifting, shown on

Fig.3 1 711 - the first supporting trunnion with a radial protrusion for limiting axial mobility, shown in Fig.7

713 - second supporting trunnion with a radial protrusion for limiting axial mobility, shown in Fig.7

735 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, designed for radial joining with the 1st bearing pin and U-shaped removable part, in which the side edges are made with extensions, shown in Fig.7

736 - U-shaped detachable lower part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, designed to fit with the first bearing pin and the main part (735), shown in Fig.7

739 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, designed for radial joining with the 2nd bearing pin and U-shaped removable part, in which the side edges are made with extensions, shown in Fig.7

740 - U-shaped removable lower part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, designed for matching with the 2nd supporting pin and the main part (739), shown in Fig.7

931 - the main part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, in which the side edges are made with extensions, and in the lower part of which a thickness reduction is made for matching with the response thickness of the edges of the U-shaped element shown in Fig.9

932 - U-shaped detachable lower part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, while in them they are reduced in thickness for matching with the response thickness of the main part (931), shown in Fig.9

1 148 - the main part, reduced in width of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, with a narrowing to the top for joining with several, reduced hydraulic cylinders (1831), the top of which is fixed closer to the center, shown in

Fig.11 and 21

1 149 - U-shaped detachable lower part of the reduced width of the supporting structure, in which the side edges are made without extensions with an inclination to the center, shown in Fig.11 and 21 1150 - the lower part of the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye (1148), in the lower part of which the upper part of the folding eye is made, with the ends of which join the side ribs (1 151), shown in Fig.11 and 21

1151 - lateral edge of the U-shaped part of the supporting structure without lateral expansion and inclined to the center, shown in Fig.1 1 and 21

1219 --- supporting structure with an eye for axial joining with a bearing pin (second pin), shown in Fig.12

1221 - supporting structure with an eye for axial joining with the first bearing pin, shown in Fig L 2

1331 - hydraulic cylinders, which are joined by threaded holes in the ends, shown in Fig.13

1430 - three-row drive chain shown in Fig.14 and other drawings

1431 - reduced relative to (31) shdrotsilindry depicted in Fig.14 and other drawings

1435 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the transition to the side extensions is made above the bottom line, shown in Fig.14 and other drawings

1449 - U-shaped removable lower part of a reduced-width supporting structure, in which the side edges are elongated and without extensions, shown in Fig.14 and other drawings

1648 - main body, reduced in width supporting structure with a collapsible eye, on which hydraulic cylinders (1431) are fixed with a shift of the upper parts to the center, shown in Fig 16

1649 - U-shaped detachable lower part of a reduced-width supporting structure, designed for the main part to join (1648), shown in Fig.16. 1739 is the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, designed for radial matching with the second support pin, which transition to the lateral expansion is made above the bottom level, shown in Fig.17

1749 - U-shaped detachable lower part of the supporting structure, in which the elongated side ribs are made without extensions, designed for joining the main part (1739), shown in Fig.17

1831 --- hydraulic cylinders, with reduced relative to (1431) dimensions, shown in Fig.18 and other drawings 1948 - the main part of the supporting structure, reduced in width, with a folding eye, intended for matching with the 2nd bearing pin, shown on

Fig.19

1949 - U-shaped detachable lower part of a reduced-width bearing structure, in which the side ribs are made without extensions, designed for matching with the 2nd support pin and the main part (1948), shown in Fig.19

2035 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, and on which is fixed a common base for the installation of the spindle, shown in Fig.20

2036 - L) -shaped removable lower part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, in which the side ribs are made with extensions, designed to dock with the main part (2035), shown in Fig.20

2142 - side frame, installed at an angle to the center for connection with the side walls (2143) I of the supporting structure with a narrowing to the top (1148, 1 149), shown in Fig.21

2143— walls along the edge of a hole, made with a slope to the center, shown in Fig-21

2259 - spindle for screwing into the block bushings, reduced in diameter relative to (59), shown in Fig.22

2261 - spindle of the spindle (2259) shown in Fig.22

2263 - a common base for mounting the spindle (2259), shown in Fig.22

2372 - front cover - fairing with a rounded front wall and additional elements, shown in Fig.23

2572 - front cover - fairing with a straight front wall, shown in Fig.25

2642 - side frame for fastening with a supporting structure, made to the full height of the supporting structure, shown in Fig.26

2643 - walls along the edge of an oval hole in the bottom of the case, made to the full height of the supporting structure, shown in Fig.26

2735 - the main part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, holes for reducing weight and holes for fastening the eyes of hydraulic cylinders, shown in Fig.27

2835 - the main part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, at the ends of which there are made guides for mounting the casing, shown in Fig.28 2873 --- casing for joining with the guides of the supporting structure (2835) shown in Fig.28

2935 - the main part of the supporting structure with a collapsible eye, with the ends of which, by means of a detachable connection, are connected the guides (90) for mounting the casing, shown in Fig.29

3020 is a non-separable eye for joining with the bearing pin of the upper part of the fin, made on the detachable element (3032), shown in Fig.30

3032 - the lower part of the supporting structure with a folding eye, connected to the main part (3033) by means of a detachable connection, shown in Fig.30

3033 --- the main part of the supporting structure with detachable lower part, shown in Fig.30

3142 - side frame for fastening with a supporting structure, in the upper part of which blocks and / or a drive for lifting the fin are fixed, shown on Fig.31

Claims

Formula

Paragraph 1 . Inclined keel, characterized in that it contains:

- fin, at least one end of the upper part of which contains a removable or non-removable drive sprocket and bearing pin, and may contain a waterproofing pin, made first from the center;

- a drive chain, single or multi-row, which engages the drive sprocket with each end of the chain connected to the drive unit;

- the drive unit in the form of one or several hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders or spindle screws with counter thread bushings or blocks of bushings for each end of the chain;

- supporting structure for docking with the supporting pin and fastening on the vessel, in the lower part of which there is an eye for docking with the supporting pin, while the supporting structure is made with a non-separable eye, which can be performed on a detachable element, or with a folding eye;

- a casing that covers the drive sprocket with a chain and a drive unit.

Item 2 Oblique keel according to claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the supporting structures are installed in the hull of the vessel through a hole in the bottom, walls are made along the edges of the hole, while the sides of the supporting structures are screwed to the longitudinal frames through the walls, elements of the keel set, which distributes pressure over a large area, or (PI) are connected to a reinforced bottom.

Item 3. Oblique keel for and L is characterized by the fact that the second end of the upper part of the fin contains elements (technical features) similar to those contained on the first end, and also contains elements (technical features) similar to those that dock to the elements ( technical features) of the first end, while the shape of the bow and stern fairings of the covers, which are located under the bottom of the vessel and are made separately from the casing or together with it, can be different in order to reduce the stall form).

Item 4. Oblique keel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it contains a shaft, which is the upper part of the fin, and with which the fin is connected with linear movement up and down, for which the central part of the shaft contains a through hole, while the upper end of the fin is connected to the cable or chain through the unit or directly, while to the upper parts of the side or end frames (beams) or supporting structures, through a horizontal frame ( beam) or directly, the guide block (blocks) is connected, through which the cable (chain) is brought to the drive, or (i) the drive is connected in the form of a manual or electric winch, or any other device that provides lifting and lowering of the plate avnika.

Item 5. A watercraft for installing an inclined keel, characterized in that it contains a hole or openings in the bottom for passing through it of supporting structures and covers or waterproofing walls, supporting structures and covers, as well as nodes that are placed between them.

Item 6. The fin of the keel, which is a ballast and which can also be a supporting structure for the ballast keel, characterized by the fact that it contains the upper part, on one or both ends of which a transition to a waterproofing trunnion for radial joining with a folding eye of the waterproofing wall is made an integral one-row or multi-row drive sprocket, after which a supporting pin for matching with the eye of the lower part of the supporting structure is made.

Paragraph 7. The fin of the keel, which is a ballast and which can also be a supporting structure for the ballast keel, characterized by the fact that it contains the upper part, at one or both ends of which a transition to the trunnion (waterproofing trunnion) is made for axial matching with the eye of the waterproofing wall, then a seat is made for joining with a removable single-row or multi-row drive sprocket, after which a supporting pin for joining with the eye of the lower part of the supporting structure is made.

Paragraph 8. The fin of the keel, which is a ballast and which can also be a supporting structure for the ballast keel, characterized by the fact that it contains the upper part, on one or both ends of which a transition is made to the supporting trunnion for radial joining with the folding eye of the supporting structure, after which made one-piece single or multi-row drive sprocket. Item 9. The fin of the keel of claim 8 is characterized in that the bearing pin contains a radial protrusion to limit the axial mobility of the lug of the supporting structure.

Paragraph 10. Fin keel of claim 8 is characterized by the fact that it contains a second support pin, made after the drive sprocket.

Paragraph 11. The fin of the keel, which is the ballast and which can also be a supporting structure for the ballast keel, characterized by the fact that it contains the upper part, on one or both ends of which a transition is made to the supporting trunnion for axial matching with the eye of the supporting structure, and then completed seat for joining with a removable single-row or multi-row drive sprocket.

Paragraph 12. The fin of the keel according to claim 6-11 is characterized by the fact that the second end of the upper part of the fin contains elements (technical features) similar to those contained on the first end.

Item 13. The fin of the keel according to claim 6-1 1 is characterized by the fact that it contains a shaft, which is the upper part of the fin, and with which the fin is connected with the possibility of linear movement up and down, for which the central part of the shaft contains a through hole.

Paragraph 14. The fin of the keel according to claim 6-1 1 is characterized by the fact that it contains a shaft, which is the upper part of the fin, and in the central part of which holes are made, with which the fin tail is joined with pins or other devices.

Paragraph 15. Waterproofing wall for inclined keel, with a folding eye for radial matching with a waterproofing pin, characterized in that it contains:

- the main part, in the lower part of which the upper part of the waterproofing eyelet is made,

- U-shaped lower part, the inner lower part of which forms the lower part of the eye, and the outer lower part has a rounding, which can move into lateral expansion. Paragraph 16 Supporting structure for an inclined keel, with a collapsible eyelet for radial alignment with the support pin and connection to the hull, characterized in that it contains:

- the main part, in the lower part of which the upper part of the folding eyelet is made,

- U-shaped lower part of the supporting structure, the inner lower part of which forms the lower part of the folding eyelet, passing into the side edges, which are connected to the main part.

Paragraph 17. The supporting structure for the inclined keel of claim 16 is characterized in that both parts of the folding eyelet contain a radial groove for axial fixation and rotation of the return radial protrusion on the bearing pin.

Paragraph 18. The supporting structure for an oblique keel in accordance with claim 1b is characterized by the fact that it contains rounding in the lower part of the U-shaped element of the supporting structure with a folding eye, which is the outer side of the eyelet, and which goes into the ribs with lateral extensions to compensate for the sizes of hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders or spindle screws, the dimensions of which, when connected to a chain, exceed the chain height, while the lateral expansions are made at the bottom level or higher.

Paragraph 19. Bearing structure for inclined keel for connecting the fin of the keel to the hull of the vessel, characterized in that it contains the lower part with a non-separable eye for axial alignment with the bearing pin of the upper part of the fin, while the eye of the supporting structure may contain seating for the bearings.

Paragraph 20. The supporting structure for the inclined keel under item 9 is characterized by the fact that it contains rounding in the lower part, which is the outer side of the eyelet, and which goes into lateral extensions of the main part of the non-separable supporting structure, designed to compensate for the size of hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders or running screws, the dimensions of which when connected with a chain exceed the height of _'circuit, wherein the lateral extensions are made at the bottom level or above. Paragraph 21. The supporting structure for an oblique keel according to claim 19 is characterized in that it comprises two parts: the main and detachable lower part, in which a non-separable eyelet for axial matching with the support pin is made.

Paragraph 22. The supporting structure for an oblique keel according to claim 16, 19 is characterized in that the sides have openings for fastening in the hull.

Paragraph 23. The supporting structure for an inclined keel according to claim 16, 19 is characterized by the fact that there are grooves on the sides of the supporting structure, which make it possible to install the casing after fixing the supporting structure in the vessel’s hull, or the ends for the same purposes are connected to the ends, or the top parts contains fixed or removable end tabs for the same purpose.

Paragraph 24. The supporting structure for the inclined keel of i.16, 19 is characterized by the fact that the profile of the supporting structure contains a narrowing upwards.

Paragraph 25. Casing-fairing for inclined keel, characterized in that it contains a rounding in the lower part, passing into the wall.

Paragraph 26. Casing-fairing for inclined keel, characterized in that it contains rounding in the lower part, passing into the side horizontal shelves, which replace the bottom section in the vessel's opening when docked, while the horizontal shelves go into the walls.

Paragraph 27. Casing-fairing on p. 25 or 26 is characterized by the fact that it contains an end rounded or straight wall.

Paragraph 28. The cowl casing according to i.25 or 26 is characterized by the fact that it contains in the lower part a nasal cowl, which is made inseparably or detachably and then joined, in a form that provides a reduction in drag.

Paragraph 29. Casing fairing on p. 25 or 26 is characterized by the fact that it contains in the lower part of the stern fairing, made one-piece or detachable with subsequent joining, in a form that provides a reduction in stall flow (feed resistance).