WO2019128781A1

WO2019128781A1 - Non-orthogonal multiple access-based data transmission

Info

Publication number: WO2019128781A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/121765
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吴艺群; 陈雁
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2017-12-27
Filing date: 2018-12-18
Publication date: 2019-07-04
Also published as: CN109981511B; CN109981511A

Abstract

The present application provides a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based data transmission method and device. The method comprises: determining a codebook according to an extension method, the extension method comprising an extension factor and/or extension resource dimension; pre-processing input data according to the codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol; and sending the pre-processed output symbol. According to the data transmission method and device provided in embodiments of the present application, the transmission efficiency of a system using a NOMA technology can be improved.

Description

Data transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access

This application claims the priority of the Chinese Patent Application filed on Dec. 27, 2017, with the application number of 201711450204.5, and the application name is "non-orthogonal multiple access based data transmission", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In the application.

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of communications and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for data transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access.

Background technique

In a wireless communication system, such as a 5th generation (5G) system, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme can be introduced, which can be used to increase system capacity. NOMA technology can be applied to a variety of application scenarios, such as large connection scenarios. Especially for the uplink large connection scenario, the adoption of NOMA technology has obvious performance advantages, and is more suitable for future system deployment. Therefore, how to improve the transmission efficiency of the system using NOMA is very worthy of study.

Summary of the invention

The present application provides a method and apparatus for data transmission that can improve the transmission efficiency of a system using NOMA technology.

In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining a codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension; and preprocessing the input data according to the codebook to obtain Preprocessing the output symbols; sending the preprocessed output symbols.

The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application determines that the corresponding codebook is used for pre-processing according to the spreading factor and/or the resource dimension, and the interference between different data transmissions or the peak-to-average ratio of the transmitted signal can be reduced by selecting an appropriate codebook. Improve the performance of systems using NOMA technology.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes determining the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

The data transmitting end may determine the extension mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, or the resource allocation information of the transmission data, or may determine the extension mode according to at least two of the three, so that the appropriate extension mode may be selected more flexibly. Better use of transmission resources to improve the transmission efficiency of systems using NOMA technology.

In some possible implementations, determining the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, including: a frame structure, a transmission waveform, and a transmission data according to the transmission data. At least one of the resource allocation information determines a set of extended modes; determining the extended mode according to the set of extended modes.

The data sending end first determines the set of the extended mode, and the set of the extended mode may include at least one extended mode, so that the appropriate extended mode can be selected more flexibly, and the different requirements of more data transmission can be satisfied.

In some possible implementation manners, determining the extension manner according to the set of extension manners includes: determining an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set; and indexing and the extension according to the extension mode The mode set determines the extension.

With the extended mode index, the data sender can easily determine the extension mode from the set of extension modes.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes: transmitting first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.

In the foregoing technical solution, the data sending end may adjust the extension mode according to the change of the data transmission requirement, and send the indication information of the adjustment extension mode to the receiving end. On the one hand, the spectrum efficiency may be enhanced or the network coverage may be enhanced by adjusting the extension mode, thereby improving the transmission of the NOMA. Efficiency, on the other hand, allows the data receiver to demodulate the data according to the adjusted extension.

In some possible implementation manners, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving the second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.

In the above technical solution, the data sending end receives the indication information indicating the extension mode, and the indication information may be from the data receiving end, or may be from the network device. In this way, in the case of a change in the demand for data transmission, a data receiving end, or a network device re-selecting an appropriate extension mode for the data transmission, the data transmitting end can receive the message indicating the latest expansion mode, and on the other hand, according to the actual data transmission. Demand flexible selection of extension methods to better utilize transmission resources, on the other hand, can improve the transmission efficiency of NOMA by adjusting the extension mode.

In some possible implementations, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

After receiving the second indication information, the data sending end can flexibly select the extension mode according to the actual needs of the data transmission, thereby making better use of the transmission resource.

In some possible implementation manners, determining the codebook according to the extended manner includes: determining a codebook set according to an extended manner, and determining the codebook according to the codebook set.

In the above technical solution, the data sending end first determines the codebook set according to the extension manner, and the codebook set may include at least one codebook. Multiple parallel data transmissions using the same extension method can use different codebooks, thereby reducing interference between data transmissions and improving the reliability of data transmission.

In some possible implementation manners, determining the codebook set according to the extended manner includes: determining the codebook set according to an extended manner and a mapping manner of a preset extension manner and a codebook set.

On the one hand, the mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set is set in advance, and the corresponding codebook is designed for each extension mode to meet the requirements of more different data transmissions. On the other hand, after determining the extension mode, the data sending end and the data receiving end can find the codebook set corresponding to the determined extension mode according to the mapping relationship, thereby saving signaling overhead. .

In some possible implementations, the determining the codebook according to the codebook set includes: determining a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, according to the codebook index and The codebook set determines the codebook.

The data sending end determines the codebook index, so that the data sending end can select the required codebook from the codebook set according to the codebook index, or jointly determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the extended mode, and perform data according to the codebook. Pretreatment. In this way, multiple parallel data transmissions can use different codebooks, thereby reducing interference between data transmissions and improving the reliability of data transmission.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of a transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or Or expanding the resource dimension; according to the extension manner, the data to be transmitted is mapped to the RE; and the to-be-sent data is sent at the RE.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a device, where the device may include a determining module, a pre-processing module, and a communication module, where the module may perform the corresponding functions in any one of the foregoing first aspects, including:

a determining module, configured to determine a codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

a pre-processing module, configured to perform pre-processing on the input data according to the codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol;

A communication module, configured to send the preprocessed output symbol.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to: determine, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, an extension mode set, and determine the extension manner according to the extension mode set. .

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine an extended mode index, where the extended mode index is used to indicate an index of the extended mode in the extended mode set, and determining the extended according to the extended mode index and the extended mode set. the way.

In some possible implementations, the communications module is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extended mode. Illustratively, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the communications module is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the extended mode. Exemplarily, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is configured to determine a codebook set according to an extended manner, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

In some possible implementation manners, the determining module is specifically configured to determine the codebook set according to an extended manner and a mapping manner between the preset extension manner and the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine a code according to the codebook index and the codebook set. this.

In a fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus, where the apparatus may include a determining module, a mapping module, and a communications module, where the modules may perform corresponding functions in any implementation manner of the foregoing second aspect, including:

a determining module, configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

a mapping module, configured to map data to be sent to the RE according to the extension manner;

a communication module, configured to send the to-be-sent data at the RE.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, the extension mode set, and determine the extension manner according to the extension mode set.

In a fifth aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a data sending device, where the data sending device includes a processor, and is used to implement the functions in the method described in the foregoing first aspect. The data transmitting device can also include a memory for storing program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can invoke and execute program instructions stored in the memory for implementing the functions of the data transmitting device in the method described in the first aspect above. The data transmitting device may further include a transceiver for the data transmitting device to communicate with other devices.

In one possible device, the data transmitting device includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

And a processor, configured to determine a codebook according to an extended manner, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension; and the input data is preprocessed according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

a transceiver for transmitting the preprocessed output symbol.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, the extension mode set, and determine the extension manner according to the extension mode set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine an extended mode index, where the extended mode index is used to indicate an index of the extended mode in the extended mode set, and determining the extended according to the extended mode index and the extended mode set. the way.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to send, by using a transceiver, first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extended mode. Illustratively, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to receive, by using a transceiver, second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extended manner. Exemplarily, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a codebook set according to an extended manner, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine the codebook set according to a mapping manner between the mode to be extended and the preset extension mode and the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine the codebook index and the codebook set according to the codebook index Codebook.

In a sixth aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a data sending device, where the data sending device includes a processor, and is used to implement the functions in the method described in the foregoing second aspect. The data transmitting device can also include a memory for storing program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can invoke and execute program instructions stored in the memory for implementing the functions of the data transmitting device in the method described in the second aspect above. The data transmitting device may further include a transceiver for the data transmitting device to communicate with other devices.

In one possible device, the data transmitting device includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

a processor, configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension; according to the extension manner, the processor is to be sent The data is mapped to the RE.

And a transceiver, configured to send the to-be-sent data at the RE.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions, when executed on a computer, causing a computer to perform the method described in the second aspect above.

In a ninth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor, and further includes a memory for implementing the function of the data transmitting end of the first aspect. The chip system can be composed of chips, and can also include chips and other discrete devices.

In a tenth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor, and further includes a memory, configured to implement the function of the data sending end of the second aspect. The chip system can be composed of chips, and can also include chips and other discrete devices.

In an eleventh aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a system, where the system includes the data transmitting device of the third aspect or the fifth aspect.

According to a twelfth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a system, where the system includes the data transmitting device of the fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.

In a thirteenth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining a first pre-processing codebook, where the first pre-processing codebook is equal to the second pre-processing codebook and the third pre-processing codebook. The inner product is preprocessed according to the first preprocessing codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol; and the preprocessed output symbol is transmitted.

DRAWINGS

1 is a diagram showing an example of a system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

2 is a diagram showing an example of a non-orthogonal multiple access frame provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a diagram showing an example of a specific implementation diagram of non-orthogonal multiple access provided by an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of different expansion modes when the spreading factor is 4;

6 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing according to an extended sequence provided by an embodiment of the present application;

7 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing according to an extension matrix provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing according to a set of extended sequences provided by an embodiment of the present application;

9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

10 is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain extension manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform provided by an embodiment of the present application;

11 is a schematic diagram of a time domain expansion manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a time-frequency domain extension manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of comparison of peak-to-average ratio performance in different waveforms and extension modes provided by an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of a method for data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of a method for data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

16 is a schematic flowchart of a method for data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

17 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application; FIG.

19 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

20 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a 5th generation (5th generation, 5G) system, a long term evolution (LTE) system, and a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). Or a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system. Among them, the 5G system can also be called a new radio (NR) system.

In a wireless communication system, including a communication device, wireless communication can be performed between the communication devices using air interface resources. The communication device includes a network device and a terminal device, and the network device may also be referred to as a network side device. In the embodiment of the present application, the air interface resource may be various types of air interface resources, such as a code resource, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a time-frequency resource, which are not limited in this application.

The terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a terminal, and is a device having a wireless transceiver function, which may be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld or on-board, or deployed on a water surface (such as a ship, etc.) ); can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.). The terminal device may be a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE includes a handheld device, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, or a computing device having a wireless communication function. Illustratively, the UE can be a mobile phone, a tablet, or a computer with wireless transceiving capabilities. The terminal device may also be a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in an unmanned vehicle, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, and an intelligent device. A wireless terminal in a power grid, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, and the like. In the embodiment of the present application, the device that implements the function of the terminal device may be a terminal device, or may be a device in the terminal device that supports the terminal device to implement the function. In the embodiment of the present application, the device that implements the function of the terminal device is a terminal device, and the terminal device is a UE as an example, and the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described.

The network device involved in the embodiment of the present application includes a base station (BS), which is a device deployed in the radio access network and capable of performing wireless communication with the terminal. Among them, the base station may have various forms, such as a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay station, and an access point. For example, the base station involved in the embodiment of the present application may be a base station in a 5G system or a base station in an LTE system, where the base station in the 5G system may also be referred to as a transmission reception point (TRP) or a gNB. In the embodiment of the present application, the device that implements the function of the network device may be a network device, or may be a device in the network device that supports the network device to implement the function. In the embodiment of the present application, the device that implements the function of the network device is a network device, and the network device is a base station as an example, and the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described.

In a wireless communication system, when wireless communication is performed between communication devices, the communication device that transmits data may also be referred to as a data transmitting terminal, and the communication device that receives data may also be referred to as a data receiving terminal. The data sending end may also be referred to as a sending end or other name, and the data receiving end may also be referred to as a receiving end or other name, which is not limited in this application.

Illustratively, when the base station and the UE communicate with each other, if the base station sends data to the UE and the UE receives the data sent by the base station, the base station may be referred to as a data transmitting end, and the UE may be referred to as a data receiving end; if the UE sends data to the base station; The base station receives the data sent by the UE, and the UE may be referred to as a data transmitting end, and the base station may be referred to as a data receiving end.

For the convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned transmission is taken as an example to describe the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application. As an example of the uplink transmission shown in FIG. 1, in the uplink transmission shown in FIG. 1, UE1, UE2, and UE3 may transmit uplink data to the base station BS. However, the application is not limited thereto, and the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to downlink transmission, and is also easily extended to joint transmission, device-to-device (D2D), and vehicle-to-vehicle (vehicular-to -vehicular, V2V) and other communication scenarios. In the joint transmission, the base station may perform data transmission in multiple cells and the UE, and the multiple cells may be managed by one or more base stations, which is not limited in this application.

NOMA, such as sparse code multiple access (SCMA), pattern division multiple access (PDMA), multiuser shared access (MUSA), and interleaved multiple access Interleaver division multiple access (IDMA), etc., when applied to uplink transmission, can support multiple UEs to transmit data in the same air interface resource, and the data of the multiple UEs are non-orthogonal, so that non-orthogonal multiplexing can be adopted. Increase system capacity.

The NOMA technology can be used to improve the system capacity, and can be widely applied to various communication scenarios. Therefore, based on the important value of the NOMA technology, the following embodiments provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for improving a system for applying the NOMA. Transmission efficiency.

In a system in which NOMA is applied, the data transmitting end can process and transmit the input data based on various possible processing flows.

Illustratively, the data transmitting end can process and transmit the input data based on the processing flow shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the processing flow includes bit level processing and symbol level processing. Among them, the bit-level processing may also be referred to as a bit-level operation, and the symbol-level processing may also be referred to as a symbol-level operation.

Bit level processing may include forward error correction (FEC) encoding and interleaving/scrambling.

The FEC encoding process is used for channel coding the input bits, so that the receiving end can detect the error or can correct the error, thereby enhancing the reliability of the data transmission. When FEC encoding is performed, the input bits can be encoded using forward error correction codes commonly used in the art. For example, the forward error correction code may be a convolutional code, or a block code, a Turbo code, a Polar code, or an LDPC code. When performing FEC encoding, the input bits are encoded to obtain encoded bits. The coded bit is a bit that is subjected to forward error correction coding, and may also be referred to as another name, which is not limited in this application.

When interleaving/scrambling the coded bits, the coded bits can be interleaved or scrambled to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits.

Alternatively, the coded bits may be scrambled using a scrambling code to reduce interference between data.

Optionally, the coding bits may be interleaved by using an interleaving method commonly used in the art, so that adjacent bits are decentralized to avoid generating concentrated errors during transmission. Illustratively, the commonly used interleaving method may be row-row interleaving or interleaving according to an interleaving pattern.

When interleaving/scrambling the coded bits, the coded bits can be scrambled and interleaved to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits.

Alternatively, the coded bits may be scrambled and then interleaved.

Alternatively, the coded bits may be interleaved and then scrambled.

When scrambling is performed, the coding bits of different UEs may be scrambled by using different scrambling codes. When interleaving, the coding bits of different UEs may be interleaved by using different interleaving patterns, so as to reduce correlation between data of different UEs, thereby Inter-UE interference can be reduced.

Symbol level processing may include preprocessing output symbol sequence generation and symbol to resource element (RE) mapping.

In an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based communication system, the communication system may be a 5G system or an LTE system. One resource element corresponds to one symbol in the time domain and corresponds to the frequency domain. One subcarrier.

When the pre-processed output symbol sequence is generated, the interleaved/scrambled bits may be pre-processed to obtain a pre-processed output symbol sequence. The pre-processed output symbol sequence includes a positive integer number of symbols, which may be a complex symbol.

In the embodiment of the present application, the pre-processed output symbol sequence may also be referred to as a pre-processed output sequence, and the symbols included in the pre-processed output symbol sequence may also be referred to as a pre-processed output symbol, which is not limited in this application.

When symbol-to-resource element mapping is performed, the symbols in the pre-processed output symbol sequence can be mapped to resource elements such that the data sender can transmit the symbol on the resource element.

In the embodiment of the present application, the symbol to resource element mapping may also be referred to as a resource element mapping or other name, which is not limited in this application.

The symbol-to-resource element mapping process will be described below by taking communication between the base station and the UE as an example.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the symbol-to-resource element mapping process of different UEs may map the respective pre-processed output symbols to the same resource element for transmission, and the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs are non-orthogonal, the base station A superposition of a plurality of non-orthogonal pre-processed output symbols may be received at the resource element.

Optionally, if the sending end is a base station, the base station may map the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs to the same resource element for transmission, and the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs are non-orthogonal.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data sent by the data sending end may also be referred to as data to be sent, and the data to be sent may be data that can be sent in an air interface, or may be data that can be sent in an air interface after being processed. The application is not restricted.

Exemplarily, in the system applying the NOMA, a specific implementation of the processing flow of the data sending end to the input data may be as shown in FIG. 3. A brief description is as follows:

The input data can be X codewords, each codeword comprising a set of bits. First, each codeword is separately interleaved/scrambled to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits. Where X is a positive integer. Illustratively, interleaving/scrambling can be interleaved/scrambled as described in the method of FIG. 2, and will not be described again here.

The interleaved/scrambled bits are modulated to obtain modulation symbols. The modulation method may include binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 64QAM, 256QAM and 1024QAM, etc. The modulation method may also be referred to as a modulation scheme or other name, which is not limited in this application.

For a multi-antenna system, the data transmitting end and the data receiving end can respectively use a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas, so that a plurality of spaces can be formed, and space division multiplexing can be performed in the plurality of spaces. Exemplarily, the plurality of spaces may each correspond to one air interface resource, and data transmission may be performed on the multiple air interface resources at the same time. The plurality of air interface resources may correspond to the same frequency resource. When using the space division multiplexing technology, the high-rate data stream can be divided into multiple low-rate sub-data streams at the data transmitting end, and different sub-data streams are transmitted on the same frequency resource on different transmitting antennas. The sub-data stream may be referred to as a spatial layer, and may also be referred to as a spatial sub-channel.

Therefore, when the space division multiplexing technology is used, in addition to the time domain dimension and the frequency domain dimension, the spatial domain dimension is added, so that signals of different spatial layers can be distinguished from each other, thereby increasing the system transmission rate.

In order to adapt to the scenario of multiple antennas, the data transmitting end can perform layer mapper on the modulation symbols. Exemplarily, the modulation symbols corresponding to each codeword may be mapped to one or more spatial layers, and v layer modulation symbols are obtained for the above X codewords, where v is a positive integer.

If there is only one antenna port, the data transmitting end may not perform layer mapping operation, and if there are multiple antenna ports, the data transmitting end may map the modulation symbols to multiple spatial layers.

Optionally, the number of spatial layers is less than or equal to the number of antenna ports.

When pre-processing is performed, each layer modulation symbol in the v-layer modulation symbol is separately pre-processed, and a v-layer pre-processed output symbol is obtained in total. In pre-processing, different UEs can be pre-processed using different codebooks. The codebook used for preprocessing may be a spreading sequence, an extended matrix, or a set of extended sequences. In the embodiment of the present application, the codebook used for pre-processing may also be referred to as a pre-processing codebook or other names, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, the pre-processing of the modulation symbols is taken as an example. However, the application is not limited thereto, and the technical solution of the present application may also be applicable to pre-processing a bit, a complex symbol, or a complex symbol sequence.

In this embodiment of the present application, the extended sequence may be a sequence including M data, and M is a positive integer. Wherein, the length of the sequence can be described as M. The extension matrix may be a matrix including N1 rows and N2 column data, and N1 and N2 are positive integers. The extended sequence set may include S extended sequences, and any one of the S extended sequences may include a positive integer data, and any two different extended sequences of the S extended sequences may or may not have the same length. The same applies to this application, and S is a positive integer. Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the extended sequence in the S spreading sequences may be described as T, and T is a positive integer. The data included in the extended sequence or the extended matrix may be a complex symbol, or may be other types of data, which may also be referred to as data symbols, symbols, data elements or other names, which are not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, in the pre-processing, the pre-processed output symbol obtained by performing the pre-processing may be referred to as a pre-processing unit or other name, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbols by the extended sequence may also be referred to as extending the modulation symbols by the extended sequence. If the modulation symbol is extended by using a spreading sequence of length M, a pre-processed symbol can obtain M pre-processed output symbols, that is, a pre-processing unit can include M pre-processed output symbols.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbols by the extension matrix may also be referred to as expanding the modulation symbols by the extension matrix. An extension matrix composed of N1 row and N2 column data elements can be used to spread N2 modulation symbols, and N2 modulation symbols can be preprocessed to obtain N1 preprocessed output symbols, that is, one preprocessing unit can include N1 Preprocess the output symbols. The data element may be a complex symbol or other data type, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbols by the extended sequence set may also be referred to as extending the modulation symbols by the extended sequence set. The extended sequence set including the S spreading sequences may be used to map n modulation symbols into one extended sequence of the S spreading sequences, and the n modulation symbols may be preprocessed to obtain T pre-processed output symbols, that is, one pre- T pre-processed output symbols can be included in the processing unit. Where n modulation symbols correspond to one extended sequence, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In the embodiment of the present application, the extended sequence, the extended matrix, and the extended sequence set may also be referred to as a spreading sequence, a spreading matrix, and a spreading sequence set, respectively, which are not limited in this application.

The specific implementation process regarding the pre-processing will be specifically described later, and will not be described here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the transmit waveform may be cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform (discrete fourier transform spreading). Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, DFT-s-OFDM).

If the transmitted waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the pre-processed pre-processed output symbols in the v-layer pre-processed output symbols may be subjected to discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing to obtain a v-layer. DFT output symbol.

Exemplarily, if the modulation symbols are preprocessed by using a spreading sequence of length M, M preprocessed output symbols can be obtained, and the M preprocessed output symbols can also be represented as M/L sets, and one set includes L Preprocessed output symbols, where L can represent the number of subcarriers allocated for data transmission, or can be expressed as the length of the DFT transform.

The pre-processed output symbols of any one of the M/L sets may be DFT-transformed to obtain DFT output symbols. The formula for the DFT transformation can be expressed by the following formula (1):

In the above formula, x _i , i = 0, ..., L-1 are L preprocessed output symbols of any of the above sets, y _k , k = 0, ..., and L-1 is a DFT output symbol.

After performing spatial precoding processing on the preprocessed output symbols or the DFT output symbols, the output symbols corresponding to the antenna ports can be obtained. In the embodiment of the present application, the output symbols obtained by performing spatial precoding processing may also be referred to as spatial precoding output symbols or other names, which are not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, the DFT processing corresponding to the DFT-s-OFDM waveform may also be referred to as transform precoding. If the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the transform precoding is not enabled; if the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the transform precoding is enabled.

After spatial precoding processing is performed on the v layer preprocessed output symbols or the DFT output symbols, spatial precoding output symbols corresponding to the antenna ports can be obtained. If there is only one antenna port, the data transmitting end may not perform spatial precoding operation.

Optionally, if the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the spatial precoding process may multiply the precoding matrix by the v layer preprocessing output symbol.

Alternatively, if the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spatial precoding process may correspond to the precoding matrix multiplied by the v layer DFT output symbol.

Illustratively, the number of rows of the precoding matrix is the number of antenna ports, and the number of columns is the number of spatial layers.

The output symbols corresponding to the antenna ports can be mapped by RE and transmitted. The RE may be the smallest resource unit, and each RE corresponds to one subcarrier in the frequency domain, and the time domain corresponds to one OFDM symbol. In the embodiment of the present application, the RE mapping method may be that the output symbols corresponding to the antenna ports are sequentially mapped to the time-frequency resources allocated to the UE by using the pre-frequency domain and the time domain.

FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Optionally, when the method is used for uplink transmission, the data sending end is a UE, and the data receiving end is a base station.

Optionally, when the method is used for downlink transmission, the data sending end is a base station, and the data receiving end is a UE.

Of course, this method can also be used for D2D transmission or V2V transmission.

The method includes:

S410. The data sending end determines the codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes a spreading factor and/or an extended resource dimension.

In the embodiment of the present application, the spreading factor may also be described as the number of pre-processed output symbols included in the pre-processing unit.

In the embodiment of the present application, according to the distribution of the data to be sent in the air interface resource, for example, the distribution of the time-frequency resource by the pre-processing unit, the extension manner may include the extended resource dimension. The extended resource dimension may also be described as a resource dimension to which the data to be sent is mapped when the RE mapping is performed. The resource dimension may include at least one of a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and an air domain resource. It can also be described that, based on the extended resource dimension, the extension manner may include frequency domain extension, time domain extension, and time-frequency domain extension. The frequency domain extension may also be referred to as a type 1 extension mode, and the time domain extension may be referred to as a type 2 extension mode. The time-frequency domain extension may be referred to as a type 3 extension mode, which is not limited in this application. Optionally, one expansion factor may correspond to one or more extended resource dimensions. The spreading factor corresponding to the time domain may be referred to as a time domain spreading factor, and the spreading factor corresponding to the frequency domain may be referred to as a frequency domain spreading factor, and the spreading factor corresponding to the time domain and the frequency domain may be referred to as a time-frequency domain spreading factor.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data to be sent may be a pre-processed output symbol, a DFT output symbol, a spatial pre-coded output symbol, or other data, which is not limited in this application. In the embodiment of the present application, the extended resource dimension may be described by taking the pre-sent data as a pre-processed output symbol as an example.

Illustratively, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of different extended resource dimensions when the spreading factor is 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, and the data for RE mapping is taken as four pre-processed output symbols, and the spreading factor is 4. FIG. 5(a) corresponds to frequency domain spreading, and the frequency domain spreading factor is 4. It can also be described as mapping 4 pre-processed output symbols to 4 REs corresponding to 4 sub-carriers of 1 OFDM symbol. FIG. 5(b) corresponds to a time domain extension with a time domain spreading factor of 4. It can also be described as mapping 4 pre-processed output symbols to 4 REs corresponding to 4 OFDM symbols of 1 subcarrier. Figure 5 (c) corresponds to the time-frequency domain extension, and the corresponding time-frequency domain spreading factor is 4, and the time-frequency domain factor is equal to 2 (time-domain spreading factor) multiplied by 2 (frequency-domain spreading factor), and can also be described as The four pre-processed output symbols are mapped to four REs, which correspond to two sub-carriers of two OFDM symbols.

Optionally, the extension mode may be represented by a spreading factor, for example, the time domain spreading factor T _SF >1 and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF =1 may represent a time domain extension, T _SF =1 and F _SF >1 may represent a frequency domain Extension, T _SF >1 and F _SF >1 can represent time-frequency domain extension.

In S410, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the extension manner based on the following method.

Alternatively, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the extended mode and/or the transmitted waveform.

Similarly, the data receiving end can also determine the codebook according to the extended mode and/or the transmitted waveform.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine the codebook set according to the extended mode and/or the sending waveform, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set, where the codebook is included in the codebook set.

Exemplarily, the data sending end may determine the codebook set according to the mapping manner between the extended mode and the extended mode and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the codebook may be determined according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or the codebook may be selected from the codebook set. The mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set may be preset. The mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set may also be determined according to signaling. For example, when the data sending end in S410 is a UE and the data receiving end is a base station, the base station may send mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine a mapping relationship between the extended mode and the codebook set according to the mapping information.

Exemplarily, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook set according to the transmission waveform and the mapping relationship between the transmission waveform and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the codebook may be determined according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or the codebook may be selected from the codebook set. The mapping relationship between the transmitted waveform and the codebook set may be preset. The mapping relationship between the transmit waveform and the codebook set may also be determined based on signaling. For example, when the data transmitting end in S410 is the UE and the data receiving end is the base station, the base station may send mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine a mapping relationship between the sending waveform and the codebook set according to the mapping information.

Exemplarily, the data sending end may further determine the codebook set according to the extended mode and the sending waveform, and the mapping manner of the extended mode and the sending waveform and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the codebook may be determined according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or the codebook may be selected from the codebook set. The mapping manner of the extension mode and the transmission waveform and the codebook set may be preset. The extension mode and the mapping relationship between the transmission waveform and the codebook set may also be determined according to signaling. For example, when the data sending end in S410 is the UE and the data receiving end is the base station, the base station may send mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine, according to the mapping information, a mapping manner between the extended mode and the sending waveform and the codebook set.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine a codebook index according to an algorithm, such as a scheduling algorithm.

Optionally, the data sending end may receive the codebook index indication information sent by the data receiving end, and determine the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information. The transmitting end of the codebook index indication information is the data receiving end in S410, and the receiving end of the receiving codebook index indicating information is the data transmitting end in S410. For example, when the data sending end is the UE and the data receiving end is the base station, the base station may send the codebook index indication information to the UE, and the UE may determine the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information.

Correspondingly, the data receiving end may also determine the codebook set according to the extension mode and/or the transmission waveform, and determine the codebook specifically used by the transmitting end according to the codebook index or the method of blind detection. Illustratively, a method for blind detection is that a codebook used by a data transmitting end corresponds to a reference signal, and the data receiving end determines a codebook specifically used by the transmitting end by detecting a reference signal.

Illustratively, Tables 1 - 13 are examples of codebook sets determined according to an extension and/or transmission waveform.

Illustratively, Tables 1 - 5 respectively show a codebook set when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM.

Alternatively, for time domain expansion, each element pattern of the codebook needs to be the same.

Optionally, for frequency domain extension, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of different codebooks is different.

Table 1 shows the codebook set of the time domain extension, where the spreading factor is 2, T _SF = 2 and F _SF =1.

Table 1

Table 2 shows the codebook set of the frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 2, T _SF =1 and F _SF = 2.

Table 2

Table 3 shows the codebook set of the time domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF = 4 and F _SF =1.

table 3

Table 4 shows the codebook set of the frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF =1 and F _SF = 4.

Table 4

Table 5 shows the codebook set of the time-frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF = 2 and F _SF = 2.

table 5

Tables 6 - 10 show the codebook sets when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, respectively.

Table 6 shows the codebook set of the time domain extension, where the spreading factor is 2, T _SF = 2 and F _SF =1.

Table 6

Table 7 shows the codebook set of the frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 2, T _SF =1 and F _SF = 2.

Table 7

Table 8 shows the codebook set of the time domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF = 4 and F _SF =1.

Table 8

Table 9 shows the codebook set of the frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF =1 and F _SF = 4.

Table 9

Table 10 shows the codebook set of the time-frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF = 2 and F _SF = 2.

Table 10

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmitting end may select a larger spreading factor.

Alternatively, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the data transmitting end may select a smaller spreading factor.

Illustratively, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the spreading factor is R1; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spreading factor is R2, and R1 is less than or equal to R2. Illustratively, R1 is 2 or 4 and R2 is 4 or 8.

Tables 11 to 13 respectively show an example of a codebook set determined according to an extension manner when the spreading factor is 8, and the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM.

Table 11 shows the codebook set of the time domain extension, where the spreading factor is 8, T _SF = 8 and F _SF =1.

Table 11

Table 12 shows the codebook set of the frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 8, T _SF =1 and F _SF = 8.

Table 12

Table 13 shows the codebook set of the time-frequency domain extension, where the spreading factor is 8, T _SF = 2 and F _SF = 2.

Table 13

Exemplarily, if the codebook set is as shown in Table 1, the data transmitting end randomly selects a codebook from the codebook set, such as [1, -1].

For example, if the codebook set is as shown in Table 8, if the codebook index is 3, the codebook determined by the data transmitting end is the codebook with index 3 in the codebook set [1, 1, -1, - 1]; If the codebook index is 5, the codebook determined by the data transmitting end is a codebook [1, -j, -1, j] with an index of 5 in the codebook set.

In the embodiment of the present application, when the extension mode is time-frequency domain extension, the codebook of the time-frequency domain extension may be represented as a Kronecker product of the time domain extension codebook and the frequency domain extension codebook.

For example, a codebook with T _SF = 2 and F _SF = 4 can be generated by a codebook of T _SF = 2, F _SF =1 and a codebook of T _SF =1, F _SF = 4.

If T _SF = 2, the codebook with F _SF =1 is S ₁ = [1, -1], T _SF =1, and the codebook with F _SF = 4 is S ₂ = [1, -1, -1, 1 ], the corresponding codebook of T _SF = 2, F _SF = 4 can be expressed as the Kronecker product of S ₁ and S ₂ :

S ₂ =[1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1], where

Represents Kronecker.

Further, S410 may further include: determining, by the data sending end, an extension manner.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data. The frame structure of the transmission data may be a frame structure for performing data transmission, which may also be referred to as a frame structure or another name, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data may also be referred to as resource allocation information, scheduling information, or another name. This application is not restricted.

In an implementation manner, the data transmitting end may determine an extension manner according to a frame structure of the transmission data.

Optionally, the value of the time domain spreading factor T _SF may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for data transmission in the time unit. The time unit may include a positive integer number of OFDM symbols, which may be symbols, time slots, mini-slots, subframes, frames, and the like. In the embodiment of the present application, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described by taking a time unit as a time slot as an example.

In the embodiment of the present application, when the uplink transmission is performed, the value of the time domain spreading factor T _SF may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the time slot; when it is downlink transmission, the time domain spreading factor T _SF The value can be determined based on the number of OFDM symbols used for downlink data transmission in the time slot.

Taking the uplink transmission in NR as an example, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols. Wherein, part of the OFDM symbol can be used for uplink, part of OFDM symbol can be used for downlink, part of OFDM symbol can be used for uplink and downlink handover interval, and part of OFDM symbol can be used for transmission of reference signal, OFDM symbol for uplink data transmission The quantity can vary. At this time, the value range of the time domain spreading factor T _SF may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the time slot. Table 14 is an example in which T _SF is determined based on the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in a slot, where N represents the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission. Determining T _SF according to the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission, when the number N of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission is less than or equal to 4, T _SF =N; when the number N of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission is 5, 6 At 7, 7 or 8, there are two possible TSF values, respectively

with

among them

with

Representing rounding down and rounding up N/2. The two TSF values can correspond to the front of the N OFDM symbols, respectively.

OFDM symbols and after

OFDM symbols, before

The TSF of the symbols is

Rear

The TSF of the symbols is

The two TSF values can also correspond to each other.

OFDM symbols and front

OFDM symbols, after

The TSF of the symbols is

before

The TSF of the symbols is

When the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission is 9, 10, 11, or 12, there are three types of TSF values, respectively

These three TSF values may correspond to N OFDM symbols, respectively.

with

OFDM symbols. When the number N of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission is 13 or 14, there are four TSF values, respectively

The four TSF values may correspond to N OFDM symbols, respectively.

with

OFDM symbols. By this method, the T _SF can be notified without additional signaling, so that the signaling overhead can be reduced. By this method, the T _SF can be notified without additional signaling, so that the signaling overhead can be reduced.

Table 14

Optionally, the frame structure information may further include a configuration of the reference signal, and the value of the spreading factor may be determined according to a configuration of the reference signal.

In one implementation, the data transmitting end can determine the extension mode according to the transmitted waveform.

When the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, if the number of pre-processed output symbols in the pre-processing unit is K, the K symbols correspond to K REs. When the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, if the number of pre-processed output symbols in the pre-processing unit is also K, the number of REs actually mapped may not be K. At this time, the K pre-processed output symbols in the pre-processing unit can be regarded as K time-domain symbols of one OFDM symbol. Referring to formula (1), when the length of the DFT transform is L, L time-domain symbols in one OFDM symbol are subjected to DFT transform to obtain L frequency-domain symbols, and the L frequency-domain symbols are mapped to L in the OFDM symbol. RE. When the K pre-processed output symbols of the pre-processing unit are mapped to one OFDM symbol, the K pre-processed symbols correspond to K time-domain symbols in the L time-domain symbols of the OFDM symbol.

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, when the extension mode is frequency domain extension, the pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to different sub-carriers of one OFDM symbol; when the extension mode is time domain When extended, K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped onto K OFDM symbols, one of the K pre-processed output symbols being mapped to one sub-carrier of one OFDM symbol; When the mode is time-frequency domain extension, the pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to multiple sub-carriers of multiple OFDM symbols.

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, when the extension mode is frequency domain extension, the K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to K time-domain symbols of one OFDM symbol; When the extension mode is time domain extension, the K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to K OFDM symbols, and one pre-processing symbol corresponds to one time-domain symbol of one OFDM symbol; when the extension mode is time-frequency When the domain is extended, the K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to multiple OFDM symbols, and a plurality of pre-processed output symbols are mapped on one OFDM symbol.

It should be noted that the pre-processed output symbols in the pre-processing unit may be mapped onto consecutive sub-carriers or may be mapped onto non-contiguous sub-carriers.

Illustratively, FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain extension manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform. Four pre-processing units are shown in the left figure, each pre-processing unit is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 4, one pre-processing unit consisting of 4 pre-processed output symbols, and 4 of the pre-processing units. The pre-processed output symbols can be mapped onto 4 sub-carriers of one OFDM symbol; the right figure shows 8 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 2, and a pre-processing unit includes Two pre-processed output symbols, two pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped onto two sub-carriers of one OFDM symbol.

Illustratively, FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a time domain expansion mode under a CP-OFDM waveform. The left figure shows four pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 4, one pre-processing unit consisting of 4 pre-processed output symbols, and 4 pre-processing units. The processed output symbols can be mapped onto 4 OFDM symbols; the right figure shows 8 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 2, and one pre-processing unit includes 2 pre-processing Output symbols, 2 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped onto 2 OFDM symbols.

Illustratively, FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a time-frequency domain extension manner in a CP-OFDM waveform. The left picture shows four pre-processing units, each of which is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 8, one pre-processing unit comprising 8 pre-processed output symbols, and 8 pre-processing units. The processed output symbols can be mapped onto 4 subcarriers of 2 OFDM symbols; the middle diagram shows 8 preprocessing units, each of which is represented by a fill pattern with a spreading factor of 4 and a preprocessing unit Including 4 pre-processed output symbols, 4 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to 2 sub-carriers of 2 OFDM symbols; the right figure shows 4 pre-processing units, each of which uses A fill pattern is represented, the spreading factor is 8, a pre-processing unit includes 8 pre-processed output symbols, and 8 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to 2 sub-carriers of 4 OFDM symbols.

In one possible implementation, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the extension mode may be time domain extension; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the extension mode may be frequency domain extension.

In another possible implementation, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the extension mode may be time domain extension; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the extension mode may be time-frequency domain extension.

Illustratively, FIG. 13 shows a comparison of PAPR performance corresponding to different waveforms and different expansion modes when preprocessing is performed according to the extended sequence [1, 1, 1, 1] ^T , wherein a complementary cumulative distribution function (complementary cumulative distribution function, CCDF) indicates the probability that the PAPR exceeds a certain threshold. The transmission waveform on the left is CP-OFDM, and the transmission waveform on the right is DFT-s-OFDM. As can be seen from Figure 13, the PAPRs in different transmit waveforms and extended modes are quite different. When the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the time domain is extended, that is, the PAPR at F _SF =1 and T _SF = 4 is the lowest; the frequency domain extension, that is, the PAPR at F _SF = 4 and T _SF =1 is the highest. When the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the time domain is extended, that is, the PAPR is the highest under F _SF =1 and T _SF = 4; the frequency domain is extended, that is, the PAPR at F _SF = 4 and T _SF =1 is the lowest.

In an implementation manner, the data sending end may determine the extension mode according to the resource allocation information of the transmission data. The resource allocation information may include time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, a modulation and coding mode, whether to perform frequency hopping, whether to transmit at least one of a sounding reference signal (SRS), and precoding information.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the UE may send resource allocation information to the base station, and determine an extended mode according to the resource allocation information. The base station receives the resource allocation information, and may also determine an extension manner of the received data according to the resource allocation information.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the UE may receive resource allocation information sent by the base station, and determine an extension manner according to the resource allocation information.

Optionally, if the resource allocation information includes a modulation and coding mode, the data sending end may determine the extension mode according to the modulation and coding manner. Illustratively, when the modulation order is greater than the threshold value, the extension mode is F _SF =1 and T _SF =1, or may also be described as not expanding.

Optionally, if the resource allocation information is whether to perform frequency hopping, the data sending end may determine an extension manner according to whether the data transmission performs frequency hopping.

For example, if the number of OFDM symbols for frequency hopping in the data transmission is P, the P OFDM symbols subjected to frequency hopping may be divided into P1 according to the frequency domain resource positions corresponding to the OFDM symbols that are hopped in one slot. In the group, P1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, wherein the frequency domain resource positions corresponding to the OFDM symbols that perform frequency hopping in each group are different. At this time, the value of the T _SF may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols that are hopped according to any one of the P1 groups.

It should be understood that the above describes how to determine the extension mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data. The embodiment of the present application may also be based on the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource for transmitting the data. At least two of the allocation information are used together to determine the extension mode.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine the extended mode set according to at least one of a frame structure of the foregoing transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine an extension manner according to the extended mode set.

Optionally, at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data may have a mapping relationship with the extended mode set. The data transmitting end may determine the extension mode set according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and the mapping relationship, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode set.

Optionally, when the data sending end determines the extended mode according to the extended mode set, the extended mode index may be determined, and the extended mode is determined according to the extended mode index and the extended mode set.

Optionally, the extended mode index may be used to indicate an index of the extended mode in the set of extended modes.

Illustratively, as shown in Table 15, for example, if the data transmitting end determines the time domain spreading factor T _SF according to the number N of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the time slot, the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the time slot When N is 4, the determined time domain spreading factor set includes: 1, 2, and 4. If the extended mode index Index is 0, the time domain spreading factor T _SF =1 is determined; if the extended mode index Index is 1, the determining time is determined. The domain spreading factor T _SF = 2; if the extended mode index Index is 2, the time domain spreading factor T _SF = 4 is determined.

Table 15

Exemplarily, as shown in Table 16, the extended mode includes a time domain spreading factor and a frequency domain spreading factor (T _SF , F _SF ), and the extended mode set is determined according to the transmitted waveform, and if the transmitting waveform is CP-OFDM, the extended mode is determined ( The T _SF , F _SF ) set includes (2, 1), (1, 2), (4, 1), and (1, 4). If the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, determine the extension mode (T _SF , The F _SF ) set includes (2, 1), (4, 1), (8, 1), and (1, 4). The extension modes T _SF and F _SF can be determined according to the index index by the extension method. Illustratively, if the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the extension mode index is 0, and the determined extension mode is (2, 1).

Table 16

The data transmitting end may determine the extension mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, or the resource allocation information of the transmission data, or determine the extension mode according to at least two of the three, so that there are multiple methods for determining the extension mode. It is not limited to one method, so it can flexibly select the appropriate expansion method from multiple aspects and multiple angles.

S420: The data sending end performs pre-processing on the input data according to the codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol.

In the implementation of the present application, if the codebook used for preprocessing is a spreading sequence, the pre-processing corresponding extended sequence is multiplied by a modulation symbol. Illustratively, when the spreading sequence is [y ₁ , y ₂ ] and the modulation symbol is x, then the preprocessed output symbol is [y ₁ *x, y ₂ *x], where y ₁ , y ₂ and x can For plural.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing the input data according to the extended sequence, and the spreading factor corresponds to the length of the extended sequence. In Fig. 6, the input data is two modulation symbols, which are 1 and -1, respectively, and the spreading sequence is [1, j, -1, -j] ^T . Preprocessing the modulation symbol 1 to obtain the preprocessing unit [1, j, -1, -j] ^T , and preprocessing the modulation symbol -1 to obtain the preprocessing unit [-1, -j, 1, j] ^T . At this time, the expansion factor is 4, and one preprocessing unit includes 4 output symbols.

In the implementation of the present application, if the codebook used for preprocessing is an extension matrix of N1 rows and N2 columns, the pre-processing corresponding extension matrix is multiplied by N2 modulation symbols. Illustratively, when the spreading matrix is [y ₁ , y ₂ ; y ₃ , y ₄ ] and the modulation symbol is [x ₁ , x ₂ ], the preprocessed output symbol is [y ₁ *x ₁ +y ₂ * x ₂ , y ₃ *x ₁ + y ₄ * x ₂ ]. Wherein N1 and N2 are positive integers, and y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ , y ₄ , x ₁ and x ₂ may be plural.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing the input data according to an extension matrix corresponding to the number of rows of the extension matrix. In Fig. 7, the expansion matrix is W in 4 rows and 2 columns, the spreading factor is 4, the input data is [1, -1], and the matrix W is multiplied by the input data to obtain the preprocessing unit [0, 0, 2, 0]. A preprocessing unit includes 4 preprocessed output symbols.

In the implementation of the present application, if the codebook used for preprocessing is a set of extended sequences including S extended sequences, the preprocessing correspondingly maps the input data into one extended sequence of the S extended sequences, that is, one input data corresponds to one extension. sequence. Where S is a positive integer.

Exemplarily, the input data is n modulation symbols, and the expansion of the n modulation symbols according to the extended sequence set may also be described as: according to the correspondence relationship between the n modulation symbols and the extended sequences in the n modulation symbols and the extended sequence set, Determine the pretreatment unit. Where n is a positive integer.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of preprocessing the input data according to a set of extended sequences, one input data being a modulation symbol, and the spreading factor corresponding to the length of one extended sequence after mapping. As shown in FIG. 8, the extended sequence set includes extended sequences [1, j, -1, -j], [1, -j, -1, j], [-1, -j, 1, j] and [ -1, j, 1, -j]. The correspondence between the modulation symbol and the extended sequence in the extended sequence set is as shown in FIG. 8. The spreading sequence corresponding to the modulation symbol x ₁ is [1, j, -1, -j], and the spreading sequence corresponding to the modulation symbol x ₂ is [ 1, -j, -1, j], the spreading sequence corresponding to the modulation symbol x ₃ is [-1, -j, 1, j], and the spreading sequence corresponding to the modulation symbol x ₄ is [-1, j, 1, - j]. If the input data is x ₁ , the preprocessed output symbol is determined to be [1, j, -1, -j] according to x ₁ and the correspondence between the modulation symbol and the spreading sequence in the extended sequence set.

The smaller the spreading factor is, the less resources the preprocessing unit occupies. The more data the same resource can carry, the higher the corresponding spectrum efficiency. The larger the spreading factor, the more resources the preprocessing unit occupies. The higher the reliability, the stronger the corresponding network coverage.

Therefore, when preprocessing is performed according to a spreading sequence, an extended matrix, or an extended sequence set, the spreading factor can be adjusted to improve spectral efficiency or enhance network coverage to improve the transmission efficiency of the NOMA.

A data transmission may include a plurality of pre-processing units, and the pre-processed output symbols of the plurality of pre-processing units may be arranged to output the pre-processed output symbols in sequence. The sequence may be the pre-frequency domain post-time domain or the pre-time domain post-frequency domain. This application does not limit the application. In the embodiment of the present application, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the pre-processing of the extended sequence and outputting the pre-processed output symbol in the manner of the first-frequency domain and the time-domain.

When the frequency domain spreading sequence is S ₁ (i), i=0, ..., F _SF -1, the time domain spreading sequence is S ₂ (j), j=0, ..., T _SF -1, and the input data is x ( m), the number of subcarriers used for data transmission on one OFDM symbol is L, then the output symbols in the frequency domain extension can be expressed as:

y(mF _SF +i)=x(m)S ₁ (i),m=0,...,L/F _SF -1

The preprocessed output symbols after time domain expansion are:

Z(jL+n)=y(n)S ₂ (i),n=0,...,L-1

S430. The data sending end sends the preprocessed output symbol to the data receiving end.

The sending, by the data sending end, the pre-processing output symbol to the data receiving end may further include: the data transmitting end mapping the pre-processed output symbol to the RE according to a time domain spreading factor, a frequency domain spreading factor or a time-frequency domain spreading factor, and transmitting the Preprocess the output symbols.

Optionally, the data sending end may further perform spatial precoding on the preprocessed output symbols to obtain spatial precoding output symbols, and send the spatial precoding output symbols to the data receiving end.

The sending, by the data sending end, the spatial precoding output symbol to the data receiving end may further include: the data transmitting end mapping the spatial precoding output symbol to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor, the frequency domain spreading factor or the time domain spreading factor, and in the RE Send the spatial precoded output symbol.

If the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmitting end sending the pre-processed output symbol to the data receiving end may further include: performing DFT processing on the pre-processed output symbol to obtain a DFT output symbol.

If the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmitting end sending the pre-processed output symbol to the data receiving end may further include: performing DFT processing on the pre-processed output symbol to obtain a DFT output symbol, and the data transmitting end is based on a time domain spreading factor and a frequency. A domain spreading factor or a time-frequency domain spreading factor maps the DFT output symbols to the RE and transmits the DFT output symbols at the RE.

Optionally, the data sending end may further perform spatial precoding on the DFT output symbol to obtain a spatial precoding output symbol, and send the spatial precoding output symbol to the data receiving end.

Optionally, for the data to be mapped of length F, the data to be mapped may be mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , where T _SF* F _SF =F. Alternatively, if the transmitted waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data to be mapped may be a DFT output symbol; if the transmitted waveform is CP-OFDM, the data to be mapped may be a preprocessed output symbol. Alternatively, if spatial precoding is performed, the data to be mapped may be a spatial precoding output symbol. Exemplarily, the data to be mapped of length F may be mapped to F _SF subcarriers corresponding to time domain T _SF symbols. If T _SF is equal to 1, mapping the data to be mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF may also be understood as mapping the data to be mapped to the RE according to the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , that is, the length is The data to be mapped of F is mapped to F _SF subcarriers corresponding to one OFDM symbol. If F _SF is equal to 1, mapping the data to be mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF can also be understood as mapping the data to be mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF , ie, the length is The data to be mapped of F is mapped to T _SF OFDM symbols corresponding to one subcarrier.

Optionally, when the data to be mapped is mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , the frequency domain mapping may be performed first, then the time domain mapping may be performed, or the time domain mapping may be performed first, and then the frequency domain is performed. Mapping, this application does not limit.

FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The method includes:

S910: The data sending end determines an extension mode.

For the specific implementation process of the S910, refer to the process of determining the extension mode by the data sending end in S410. For the sake of conciseness, details are not described herein again.

S920: The data sending end sends the first indication information to the data receiving end, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extended mode.

Optionally, the first indication information may be carried in a radio resource control (RRC) or a radio access control (MAC) configuration message, or may be carried on a physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH), an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH), a machine type communication physical downlink control channel (MPDCCH), and a physical side link control channel (physical sidelink control channel, The downlink control information (DCI) message carried in the narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) may also be carried in a combination of multiple messages. Not limited.

Optionally, the first indication information may be used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the data receiving end may receive the first indication information, The manner of extension of the received data is determined according to at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

The specific implementation process of determining, by the data receiving end, the extension mode of the received data according to at least one of the extension mode index, the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data may refer to the description of the extension mode determined by the data transmitting end in FIG. I won’t introduce too much here.

Exemplarily, the data sending end sends a message to the receiving end, where the message can carry T _SF , F _SF and the transmitting waveform. Correspondingly, after receiving the message, the data receiving end can determine the extended manner of receiving the data according to the received message.

Optionally, the message may include, but is not limited to, one mode: DCI signaling indicates T _SF , F _{SF ,} and transmit waveform; the other mode is that RRC signaling indicates a transmit waveform, and DCI signaling indicates T _SF and F _SF The other way is that the RRC signaling indicates the transmission waveform and the F _SF , and the DCI signaling indicates the T _SF ; the other is that the RRC signaling indicates the transmission waveform and the T _SF , and the DCI signaling indicates the FSF; the other way is the RRC. Signaling refers to T _SF and F _SF , DCI indicates transmission of waveforms; and another way is RRC signaling indicates T _SF , F _SF and transmission waveforms.

Optionally, the data receiving end may be represented as an H group, H is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sending waveforms and/or extension manners of the multiple data receiving ends in each group are the same. For a group of data receiving ends in the data receiving end of the H group, the data transmitting end may send a Group-DCI message to the group of data receiving ends, and send the waveform, T _SF and F _SF through the Group-DCI indication. The Group-DCI message may also be referred to as another name, which is not limited in this application.

Optionally, when the data receiving end does not perform time domain extension or T _SF fixedly takes 1, the message sent by the data sending end to the data receiving end may not include T _SF ; when the data receiving end does not perform frequency domain expansion or F _SF fixed When 1 is taken, the message sent by the data sender to the data receiver may not contain F _SF .

Optionally, the first indication information may indicate an extension factor, and the extended resource mode is not indicated, and the data receiving end may determine, by using the received first indication information indicating the expansion factor, the extension manner according to the preset resource dimension that needs to be extended. .

S930: The data sending end determines the codebook according to the extension manner.

S940: The data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S950: The data sending end sends the preprocessed output symbol to the data receiving end.

For the specific implementation process of the steps S930-S950, reference may be made to the corresponding description in FIG. 4, and details are not described herein again.

S960: The data receiving end determines the codebook according to the extension manner.

For the specific implementation process of determining the codebook according to the extension mode, the data receiving end may determine the description of the codebook according to the extension mode in S410, and details are not described herein again.

Optionally, the mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set in this step, the mapping relationship between the transmission waveform and the codebook set, and the mapping manner between the extension mode and the transmission waveform and the codebook set may be sent by the data receiving end according to the data sending end. The mapping information is determined. Optionally, the data receiving end determines the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information sent by the sending end.

S970: The data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbol according to the codebook.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end may adjust the extension mode according to the change of the data transmission requirement, and send the indication information of the adjustment extension mode to the receiving end. On the one hand, the data receiving end may improve the transmission efficiency of the NOMA by adjusting the extension mode. The data receiving end can demodulate the data according to the adjusted extension manner.

FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method includes:

S1410, the data receiving end determines an extension mode.

For the specific implementation process of determining the extension mode by the data receiving end, reference may be made to the description of the extension mode determined by the data sending end in S410. For the sake of concise content, no introduction is made here.

S1420: The data receiving end sends a second indication information to the data sending end, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extended mode.

Optionally, the second indication information may be carried in a RRC or MAC configuration message of the upper layer, or may be carried in a DCI message carried in the PDCCH, the EPDCCH, the MPDCCH, the PSCCH, or the NPDCCH, and may also be carried in a combination of multiple messages. This application does not limit this.

Optionally, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data. After receiving the second indication information, the data transmitting end may determine the extension mode according to at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data. The specific implementation process of determining the extension mode by the data sending end according to at least one of the extended mode index, the frame structure of the transmitted data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data may refer to the description of determining the extension mode in the data transmitting end in FIG. 4, where No longer.

Optionally, the data sending end may be represented as H groups, H is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the sending waveforms and/or extension manners adopted by the multiple data transmitting ends in each group are the same. For a group of data transmitting ends in the data transmission end of the H group, the data receiving end may send a Group-DCI message to the data transmitting end of the group, and send the waveform, T _SF and F _SF through the Group-DCI indication.

Optionally, when the data sending end does not perform time domain extension or T _SF fixedly takes 1, the message sent by the data receiving end to the data sending end may not include T _SF ; when the data sending end does not perform frequency domain expansion or F _SF fixed When 1 is taken, the message sent by the data receiving end to the data sending end may not contain F _SF .

Optionally, the second indication information may indicate a spreading factor, and the extended data dimension is not indicated, and the data sending end may determine, according to the preset resource dimension that needs to be extended, the received indication data by using the second indication information that is used to indicate the spreading factor. The way to expand.

S1430: The data receiving end determines the codebook according to an extension manner.

In this step, the data receiving end determines the implementation process of the codebook according to the extension mode, and may refer to the process of determining the codebook according to the extension mode by the data sending end in S930, and details are not described herein again.

S1440: The data sending end determines the codebook according to the extension manner.

S1450: The data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S1460: The data sending end sends the pre-processed output symbol to the data receiving end.

For the specific implementation process of the steps S1440-S1460, reference may be made to the corresponding description in FIG. 4, and details are not described herein again.

S1470: The data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbol according to the codebook.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end receives the indication information indicating the extension mode, so that the data transmission end can be based on the change of the data transmission requirement and the data receiving end re-selecting the appropriate expansion mode for the data transmission requirement. The actual demand for data transmission is flexible and selective, and the transmission resources are better utilized. On the other hand, the data transmitting end can improve the transmission efficiency of the NOMA by adjusting the extension mode.

FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method includes:

S1510: The data sending end determines an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

S1520: The data sending end determines the codebook according to an extension manner.

S1530: The data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S1540: The data sending end sends the pre-processed output symbol to the data receiving end.

For the specific implementation process of S1510~S1540, refer to the corresponding description in FIG. 4, and no further introduction is made here.

S1550: The data receiving end determines an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

S1560: The data receiving end determines the codebook according to the extension manner.

The data receiving end determines the extension mode according to at least one of the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data, and the specific implementation process of determining the codebook according to the extension manner corresponds to S1510 and S1520, and may refer to steps S1510 and S1520. The corresponding process in this is not explained here.

S1570: The data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbol according to the codebook.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end and the receiving end may each determine an extension mode, and then determine the codebook according to the determined extension manner respectively, and there is no signaling interaction between the data sending end and the receiving end in determining the codebook. The data transmission needs to be changed, and the data transmitting end and the receiving end can respectively adjust the expansion mode. On the one hand, the data transmitting end and the receiving end can flexibly select an appropriate expansion mode, thereby making better use of transmission resources, and on the other hand, Adjust the extension mode to improve the transmission efficiency of NOMA.

FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method includes:

S1610: The data sending end determines an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension.

For the specific implementation process of the S1610, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in FIG. 4 to FIG. 15. For the sake of brevity of the content, details are not described herein again.

S1620: The data sending end maps the data to be sent to the RE according to the extended manner.

The data transmitting end may map the data to be transmitted to the resource element according to a time domain spreading factor, a frequency domain spreading factor or a time domain spreading factor.

In the embodiment of the present application, the resource element may also be referred to as a resource, and the resource element may be an RE, which is not limited in this application.

Optionally, for data to be transmitted of length F, the data transmitting end may map the data to be transmitted to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , where T _SF* F _SF =F. Alternatively, if the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data to be transmitted may be a DFT output symbol; if the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the data to be transmitted may be a pre-processed output symbol.

Optionally, if the data transmitting end spatially pre-encodes the pre-processed output symbol or the DFT output symbol to obtain a spatial pre-coded output symbol, the data to be transmitted may be a spatial pre-coded output symbol.

Exemplarily, the data transmitting end may map the to-be-transmitted data of length F to F _SF sub-carriers corresponding to the time domain T _SF symbols. If T _SF is equal to 1, mapping the data to be transmitted to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF may also be understood as mapping the data to be transmitted to the RE according to the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , that is, the length is The data to be transmitted of F is mapped to F _SF subcarriers corresponding to one OFDM symbol. If the F _SF is equal to 1, mapping the data to be transmitted to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF may also be understood as mapping the data to be transmitted to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF , that is, the length is The data to be transmitted of F is mapped to T _SF OFDM symbols corresponding to one subcarrier.

Optionally, when the data to be sent is mapped to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor T _SF and the frequency domain spreading factor F _SF , the frequency domain mapping may be performed first, then the time domain mapping may be performed, or the time domain mapping may be performed first, and then the frequency domain is performed. Mapping, this application does not limit.

S1630: The data sending end sends the to-be-sent data in the RE.

If the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmitting end can transmit the DFT output symbol at the RE, and the data receiving end can receive a superposition of a plurality of non-orthogonal DFT output symbols on the RE. If the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the data transmitting end can transmit a pre-processed output symbol at the RE, and the data receiving end can receive a superposition of a plurality of non-orthogonal pre-processed output symbols on the RE.

If the data transmitting end spatially pre-encodes the pre-processed output symbols or the DFT output symbols, the data transmitting end may transmit spatial pre-coded output symbols in the RE, and the data receiving end may receive multiple non-orthogonal spatial pre-coding outputs on the RE. The superposition of symbols.

In the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end can adjust the extension mode for the data transmission requirement, and on the other hand, the data sending end can flexibly select an appropriate expansion mode, thereby better utilizing the transmission resource, and on the other hand, improving the spectrum efficiency or Enhance network coverage to improve the transmission efficiency of NOMA.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail. In order to implement the functions in the foregoing method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end may include a hardware structure and/or a software module, a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware. The structure plus the form of the software module implements the above functions. One of the above functions is performed in a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module, depending on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

Based on the same inventive concept as the foregoing method embodiment, the embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for implementing the function of the data sending end in the foregoing method. Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus of an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the apparatus 1700 shown in FIG. 17 is only an example, and the apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the respective modules in FIG. 17, or not including FIG. All modules. The device 1700 can be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Device 1700 can be implemented by a chip system. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be composed of a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

The determining module 1710 is configured to determine a codebook according to an extended manner, where the extended manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension.

The pre-processing module 1720 is configured to perform pre-processing on the input data according to the codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol.

The communication module 1730 is configured to send a pre-processed output symbol. If device 1700 is a chip, communication module 1730 can be a communication interface between the chip and an external device, where the external device can be a circuit, device, or other device.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, an extension mode set, and determine an extension manner according to the extension mode set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine an extended mode index, where the extended mode index is used to indicate an index of the extended mode in the extended mode set, and the extended mode is determined according to the extended mode index and the extended mode set.

Optionally, the communication module 1730 is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extension manner. Illustratively, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 1730 is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extended manner. Exemplarily, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine a codebook set according to an extended manner, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine a codebook set according to an extended manner and a mapping manner between the preset extension manner and the codebook set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 is further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine a codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

It should be understood that the apparatus can perform the operations of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Here, in order to avoid redundancy, detailed description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 18, the device 1800 is provided to implement the function of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the device can be a chip system. The device 1800 includes a processor 1820 for implementing the function of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. For example, the processor 1820 may be configured to determine a codebook or the like according to an extended manner. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method example, and details are not described herein.

Apparatus 1800 can also include a memory 1830 for storing program instructions and/or data. Memory 1830 is coupled to processor 1820. The coupling in the embodiments of the present application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form for information interaction between devices, units or modules. Processor 1820 may operate in conjunction with memory 1830. Processor 1820 may execute program instructions stored in memory 1830.

The device 1800 can also include a transceiver 1810 for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium such that devices for use in the device 1800 can communicate with other devices. The processor 1820 uses the transceiver 1810 to transmit and receive information, and is used to implement the method performed by the data transmitting end in the method embodiment of the present application.

The specific connection medium between the above transceiver 1810, the processor 1820, and the memory 1830 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the memory 1830, the processor 1820, and the transceiver 1810 are connected by a bus 1840 in FIG. 18. The bus is indicated by a thick line in FIG. 18, and the connection manner between other components is only schematically illustrated. , not limited to. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 18, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

Based on the same inventive concept as the foregoing method embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus for implementing the function of the data sending end in the foregoing method. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus of an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the apparatus 1900 shown in FIG. 19 is only an example, and the apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the modules in FIG. 19, or not included in FIG. All modules. Apparatus 1900 can be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Device 1900 can be implemented by a chip system. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be composed of a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

The determining module 1910 is configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension.

The mapping module 1920 is configured to map the data to be sent to the RE.

The communication module 1930 is configured to send the to-be-sent data at the RE. If device 1900 is a chip, communication module 1930 can be a communication interface between the chip and an external device, where the external device can be a circuit, device, or other device.

Optionally, the determining module 1910 is further configured to determine, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, an extension mode set, and determine an extension manner according to the extension mode set.

Optionally, the determining module 1910 is further configured to determine an extended mode index, where the extended mode index is used to indicate an index of the extended mode in the extended mode set, and the extended mode is determined according to the extended mode index and the extended mode set.

Optionally, the communication module 1930 is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extended manner. Illustratively, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 1930 is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extended mode. Exemplarily, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

It should be understood that the apparatus may perform the operations of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Here, in order to avoid redundancy, detailed description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 20, the device 2000 is provided to implement the function of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the device can be a chip system. The device 2000 includes a processor 2020, which is used to implement the function of the data sending end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. For example, the processor 2020 can be used to determine a codebook or the like according to an extended manner. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method example, and details are not described herein.

Apparatus 2000 can also include a memory 2030 for storing program instructions and/or data. Memory 2030 is coupled to processor 2020. Processor 2020 may operate in conjunction with memory 2030. Processor 2020 may execute program instructions stored in memory 2030.

The device 2000 can also include a transceiver 2010 for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium such that devices for use in the device 2000 can communicate with other devices. The processor 2020 uses the transceiver 2010 to transmit and receive information, and is used to implement the method performed by the data transmitting end in the method embodiment of the present application.

The specific connection medium between the above transceiver 2010, the processor 2020, and the memory 2030 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the memory 2030, the processor 2020, and the transceiver 2010 are connected by a bus 2040 in FIG. 20, and the bus is indicated by a thick line in FIG. 20, and the connection manner between other components is only schematically illustrated. , not limited to. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 20, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

Based on the same inventive concept as the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus for implementing the function of the data receiving end in the foregoing method. Figure 21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus of an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the device 2100 shown in FIG. 21 is only an example, and the device in the embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the modules in FIG. 21, or are not included in FIG. All modules. The device 2100 can be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Device 2100 can be implemented by a chip system.

Optionally, the device 2100 includes a determining module 2110, configured to determine a codebook according to an extended manner, where the extended manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension.

The device 2100 includes a communication module 2120 for receiving pre-processed output symbols. If device 2100 is a chip, communication module 2120 can be a communication interface between the chip and an external device, where the external device can be a circuit, device, or other device.

Optionally, the apparatus 2100 includes a demodulation module 2130 for demodulating the preprocessed output symbols according to the codebook.

Optionally, the communication module 2120 is further configured to receive the first indication information. Exemplarily, the first indication information is used to indicate an extended manner, where the first indication information includes at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 2120 is further configured to send the second indication information. Exemplarily, the second indication information is used to indicate an extended mode, where the second indication information includes at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of the transmitted data, a transmit waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmitted data.

Specifically, the determining module 2110, the communication module 2120, and the demodulating module 2130 may perform the corresponding functions performed by the data receiving end in the method provided in the foregoing embodiment of the present application, and details are not described herein.

As shown in FIG. 22, the apparatus 2200 is provided to implement the corresponding functions performed by the data receiving end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the device can be a chip system. The device 2200 includes a processor 2220 for implementing the function of the data receiving end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Illustratively, the processor 2220 can be used to determine the codebook and the like according to the extended manner. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method example, which is not described herein.

The device 2200 can also include a memory 2230 for storing program instructions and/or data. Memory 2230 is coupled to processor 2220. Processor 2220 may operate in conjunction with memory 2230. Processor 2220 may execute program instructions stored in memory 2230.

The device 2200 can also include a transceiver 2210 for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium such that devices for use in the device 2200 can communicate with other devices. The processor 2220 uses the transceiver 2210 to transmit and receive information, and is used to implement the method performed by the data receiving end described in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application.

The specific connection medium between the above transceiver 2210, the processor 2220, and the memory 2230 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the memory 2230, the processor 2220, and the transceiver 2210 are connected by a bus 2240 in FIG. 22, and the bus is indicated by a thick line in FIG. 22, and the connection manner between other components is only schematically illustrated. , not limited to. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 22, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

In this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor network processor (NP), a digital signal processing (DSP), a microprocessor. , a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof.

In the embodiment of the present application, the memory may be a volatile memory, such as a random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as A flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD); the memory may also be a combination of the above types of memories. The memory may be any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" herein is merely an association relationship describing an associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which may indicate that A exists separately, and A and B exist simultaneously. There are three cases of B alone.

It should also be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not imply a sequence of executions, and the order of execution of the processes should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be implemented by the present invention. The implementation of the examples constitutes any limitation.

A person skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the system, the device and the unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.

The division of the modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner. In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing. In the device, it can also be physically existed alone, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server or data center via wired (eg coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (eg, an SSD) or the like.

The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. It should be covered by the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

A data transmission method, comprising:

Determining a codebook according to an extended manner, the extension manner including an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

Performing pre-processing on the input data according to the codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol;

Sending the preprocessed output symbol.
The method of claim 1 further comprising:

The extension mode is determined according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data includes:

Determining an extended mode set according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data;

The extension mode is determined according to the set of extension modes.
The method according to claim 3, wherein the determining the extension manner according to the set of extension modes comprises:

Determining an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set;

The extension mode is determined according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

Sending first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The method according to claim 5, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

Receiving second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The method according to claim 7, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the determining the codebook according to the extended manner comprises:

Determining a codebook set according to the extension manner, and determining the codebook according to the codebook set.
The method according to claim 9, wherein the determining the codebook set according to the extended manner comprises:

The codebook set is determined according to an extension manner and a mapping relationship between a preset extension manner and a codebook set.
The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the determining the codebook according to the codebook set comprises:

Determining a codebook index, the codebook index being used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set;

The codebook is determined based on the codebook index and the codebook set.
A data transmission method, comprising:

Determining an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, the extension manner including an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

According to the extended manner, mapping data to be transmitted to the resource element RE;

Sending the to-be-sent data at the RE.
The method according to claim 12, wherein the determining the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data includes:

Determining an extended mode set according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data;

The extension mode is determined according to the set of extension modes.
The method according to claim 13, wherein the determining the extension manner according to the set of extension modes comprises:

Determining an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set;

The extension mode is determined according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.
The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:

Sending first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The method according to claim 15, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:

Receiving second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The method according to claim 17, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
A method for data transmission, comprising:

Determining a first pre-processing codebook, the first pre-processing codebook being equal to a Kronecker product of the second pre-processing codebook and the third pre-processing codebook;

Pre-processing the input data according to the first pre-processing codebook to obtain a pre-processed output symbol;

Sending the preprocessed output symbol.
A device, comprising:

a memory for storing instructions;

a processor, configured to determine a codebook according to an extended manner, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

The processor is configured to preprocess the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

a transceiver for transmitting the preprocessed output symbol.
The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said processor is configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said processor is operative to:

And determining, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, the extension mode set, and determining the extension mode according to the extension mode set.
The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said processor is operative to:

Determining an extension mode index, the extension mode index being used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set;

The extension mode is determined according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein said transceiver is for:

Sending first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein said transceiver is for:

Receiving second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate an extension manner.
The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the processor is configured to:

The codebook set is determined according to an extended manner, and the codebook is determined according to the codebook set.
The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said processor is operative to:

The codebook set is determined according to an extension manner and a mapping relationship between a preset extension manner and a codebook set.
The device according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the processor is configured to:

Determining a codebook index, the codebook index being used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set;

The codebook is determined based on the codebook index and the codebook set.
A device, comprising:

a memory for storing instructions;

a processor, configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an expansion factor and/or an extended resource dimension;

The processor is configured to map the data to be transmitted to the resource element RE according to the extended manner.

And a transceiver, configured to send the to-be-sent data at the RE.
The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said processor is operative to:

And determining, according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, the extension mode set, and determining the extension mode according to the extension mode set.
The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said processor is operative to:

Determining an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set;

The extension mode is determined according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein said transceiver is for:

Sending first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension manner.
The apparatus according to claim 34, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extended mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein said transceiver is for:

Receiving second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate an extension manner.
The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of transmission data.
A device, comprising:

a memory for storing instructions;

a processor, configured to determine a first pre-processing codebook, where the first pre-processing codebook is equal to a Kronecker product of the second pre-processing codebook and the third pre-processing codebook, and the input data is input according to the first pre-processing codebook Performing pre-processing to obtain a pre-processed output symbol;

a transceiver for transmitting the preprocessed output symbol.
A device for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
A computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 19.