WO2019128429A1 - 一种化学氧自救器 - Google Patents

一种化学氧自救器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128429A1
WO2019128429A1 PCT/CN2018/111920 CN2018111920W WO2019128429A1 WO 2019128429 A1 WO2019128429 A1 WO 2019128429A1 CN 2018111920 W CN2018111920 W CN 2018111920W WO 2019128429 A1 WO2019128429 A1 WO 2019128429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxygen
oxygen generating
tank
valve
breathing
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PCT/CN2018/111920
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
文新国
刘晓伟
张龙
丁浩
李智
Original Assignee
陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司
Priority to US16/759,457 priority Critical patent/US11648425B2/en
Publication of WO2019128429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128429A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B21/00—Devices for producing oxygen from chemical substances for respiratory apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A62B9/022—Breathing demand regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/04—Couplings; Supporting frames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to safety equipment for coal mines, in particular to a chemical oxygen self-rescuer.
  • Self-rescuer products are roughly divided into two categories: reciprocating structures and circulating structures.
  • the breathing gas inlet and outlet are all breathing hoses
  • the airbag is located at the bottom of the medicine tank
  • the exhaust valve is generally located on the airbag
  • the breathing gas is passed through the medicine tank twice.
  • the airflow passes through the medicine tank twice, so that the water vapor that has been blown into the lower layer of the medicament can be returned to the upper layer, the water vapor can be evenly distributed in the medicine tank and the agglomeration is alleviated, the respiratory resistance is increased, the oxygen release is uniform, and the oxygen utilization rate is utilized. Increase.
  • the breathing gas passes through the medicine tank, the inhalation is also heated, the breathing temperature is higher, and the reaction rate is also increased, so that the oxygen content is increased, and the exhaust method is the airbag exhaust method, and the discharged gas has a high oxygen content and is lowered.
  • Drug utilization rate since the breathing gas passes through the medicine tank, the inhalation is also heated, the breathing temperature is higher, and the reaction rate is also increased, so that the oxygen content is increased, and the exhaust method is the airbag exhaust method, and the discharged gas has a high oxygen content and is lowered.
  • Circulating structure exhalation through the exhalation hose to the canister, into the airbag, the airbag is on the upper, and the exhalation hose is located in the airbag, the exhaust valve is located on the exhalation hose, and the airbag is inflated to a certain extent to drive the exhaust
  • the valve is opened; the inhalation directly sucks the gas in the air bag, and the breathing gas passes through the canister once.
  • the exhaled gas of this structure enters the oxygen generating tank from one direction and reacts with the oxygen generating agent. At this time, the water vapor in the exhaled air is flushed to the bottom of the medicine tank to cause serious agglomeration of the underlying agent, and the exhalation resistance is in the late period of protection time.
  • the sharp rise, the oxygen release amount is higher than the later stage, so that the oxygen utilization rate becomes lower; because the gas flow only passes through the drug layer once, the CO 2 absorption is not thorough enough.
  • the reciprocating structure In the development process of chemical oxygen self-rescuer, after a lot of experiments and investigations, the reciprocating structure has obvious advantages over the circulation utilization structure of the drug utilization rate and resistance; however, the reciprocating structure of the exhaust valve is often located on the airbag. Most of the gas components in the exhaust gas are oxygen, which leads to an increase in the reaction rate, a decrease in the utilization rate of the drug, and an increase in the breathing temperature. In order to achieve the rated protection time, the amount of the drug is increased and the cost is increased.
  • the present disclosure provides a chemical oxygen self-rescuer comprising a respiratory component, a raw oxygen generating component and an airbag which are sequentially connected, wherein the raw oxygen generating component comprises a raw oxygen generating tank, an exhaust valve and an oxygen candle, An venting valve is disposed on the component below the breathing end of the breathing assembly, and the opening and closing of the venting valve is controlled by the inflation volume of the airbag;
  • the heat dissipating component Disposing a heat dissipating component and a raw oxygen generating agent in the oxygen generating tank, the heat dissipating component is connected to the breathing component and the oxygen generating medicine tank, and the heat dissipating component separates the oxygen generating medicine tank into a plurality of receiving spaces for placing the oxygen generating medicament while being opposite to each other
  • the gas in the oxygen tank is filtered and cooled.
  • the heat dissipating component comprises a snorkel and a heat dissipating frame
  • the snorkel communicates with the breathing component and the oxygen generating canister
  • the heat dissipating frame is disposed in the oxygen generating drug tank
  • the vent pipe and the heat dissipating frame separate the oxygen generating drug tank into a plurality of receiving spaces for placing the raw Oxygen agent.
  • the exhaust valve comprises a valve body and a valve core
  • the valve body connects the oxygen generating tank to the atmosphere
  • the valve core is disposed in the valve body, and one end of the valve core blocks the valve body and the atmosphere communication end, and
  • the sealing area of the valve core is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the valve body, and the other end of the valve core is connected to the air bag.
  • the exhaust valve comprises a valve body, a valve core, a valve seat, a spring and a spool wire
  • the valve body connects the oxygen generating tank to the atmosphere
  • the valve seat is movably disposed in the valve body.
  • the valve core is restrained on the valve seat by a spring to block the valve body, and the valve core is connected to the inner wall of the airbag through a spool wire.
  • the spring is a coil spring having a progressively larger diameter from the end of the valve body away from the oxygen generating canister to the end adjacent to the oxygen generating canister.
  • the heat dissipation frame includes at least two heat dissipation plates disposed at an intersection, and the intersection heat dissipation plates are at least two, and an adjacent heat dissipation plate has an intersection angle of 60 to 90 degrees.
  • the heat dissipation plate includes a ventilation limit frame, and a plurality of heat dissipation nets are stacked in the ventilation limit frame.
  • the vent pipe comprises a connecting pipe section disposed from top to bottom and a venting heat pipe segment, wherein the connecting pipe segment is used for connecting the breathing component and the oxygen generating component, and the venting heat pipe segment is used for filtering and cooling the route gas.
  • the breathing component comprises a mouthpiece, a mouthpiece radiator and a breathing hose which are sequentially connected
  • the mouthpiece heat sink comprises a first vent, a heat sink, a heat dissipating component and a second vent
  • a vent and a second vent are disposed on the heat sink
  • the heat sink is connected to the mouthpiece and the breathing hose through the first vent and the second vent
  • the heat dissipating component is embedded in the heat dissipating body to conduct gas to the path Cool down.
  • the oxygen generating tank comprises a tank body having an elliptical cross section
  • the sealing edge structure of the can body comprises a tank cavity wall, a sealing glue and a bottom wall of the can body, the edge of the bottom wall of the can body is covered with the edge of the cavity wall of the can body and is curled toward the mounting end of the respiratory component, and the sealing glue is disposed at the edge of the cavity wall of the can body and the can body The contact surface of the edge of the bottom wall.
  • the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure can reduce respiratory resistance, lower the temperature of the breathing gas, and improve the utilization rate of the oxygen generating agent.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gas generating tank of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the oxygen generating tank of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a mouthpiece heat sink of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a heat dissipation frame of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a heat dissipation frame of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a vent pipe of a chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the can sealing structure of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure.
  • 2-Oxygen component 21-oxygen tank, 211-vent tube, 2111-connecting pipe section, 2112-ventilating heat pipe section, 212-heat dissipation frame, 2121-first heat sink, 2122-second heat sink, a- Ventilation limit frame, b-heat dissipation net, 213-oxygen agent, 214-balloon connection port, 215-tank, 2151-tank wall, 2152-sealing glue, 2153-tank bottom wall, 22-oxygen candle, 23-exhaust valve, 231-valve body, 232-valve seat, 233-spring, 234-spool, 235-clamp, 236-rubber sleeve, 237-spool cable;
  • the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present disclosure includes a respiratory component 1, a raw oxygen component 2 and an airbag 3 which are sequentially connected, and the oxygen generating component 2 includes a raw oxygen generating tank 21, an exhaust valve 23 and an oxygen candle 22,
  • the oxygen generating agent of the oxygen generating tank 21 is provided with an exhaust valve 23 above the breathing end of the respiratory component 1, and the exhaust valve 23 is used for the excess gas in the self-rescuer gas circulation system and/or due to the oxygen generating agent.
  • the exhaust valve 23 may be disposed on the breathing hose 15 of the respiratory component 1, or at the junction of the breathing hose 15 and the oxygen generating canister 21, and preferably The exhaust valve 23 is disposed at the upper wall of the oxygen generating tank 21, that is, the exhaust valve can be realized as long as it is above the oxygen generating agent of the oxygen generating tank 21 and below the breathing end of the respiratory component 1.
  • the gas component discharged from the exhaust valve set at this position is mostly CO 2 , and the newly generated oxygen content is low, so that in the case of a limited amount of exhaust gas, the oxygen generated by the oxygen generating agent can be saved, Improve the utilization rate of drugs, the oxygen generation reaction will not be particularly severe, and it will help to reduce
  • the temperature of the breathing gas for example, the exhaust valve directly communicates with the oxygen generating tank, the temperature of the tank is high during the reaction, and the high temperature gas is taken out when exhausting, the temperature of the tank is lowered, the valve core of the exhaust valve and the wall of the airbag pass through.
  • Soft parts can be connected, such as wire ropes, rubber ropes, soft metal ropes, etc.
  • the airbags will swell during the process of receiving gas from the human body and the gas generating pot, and will form a certain distance away from the growth.
  • the moving distance of the oxygen component, thereby pulling the exhaust valve spool, enables the opening and closing of the exhaust valve.
  • a heat dissipating component and a raw oxygen generating agent 213 are disposed in the oxygen generating tank 21, and the heat dissipating component includes a vent pipe 211 and a heat dissipating frame 212, and the vent pipe 211 communicates with the respiratory component 1 and the raw
  • the oxygen tank 21, the heat sink 212 is disposed in the oxygen generating tank 21, and the vent tube 211 and the heat sink 212 divide the oxygen generating tank 21 into a plurality of receiving spaces for placing the oxygen generating agent 213 in the oxygen generating tank 21
  • An air bag connection port 214 is provided at the bottom for connecting the oxygen generating tank 21 and the air bag 3.
  • the vent tube 211 is embedded in the oxygen generating tank 21, and the heat dissipating frame 212 is placed in the oxygen generating tank 21, and the space formed by the vent tube 211 and the heat dissipating frame 212 in the oxygen generating tank 21 can be used for filling the raw material.
  • the function of the gas temperature and the filtering gas, the cooperation of the vent tube 211 and the heat dissipating frame 212 utilizes the space in the oxygen generating tank 21 reasonably, so that the heat dissipating component takes up as little space as possible, and provides a larger filling for the oxygen generating agent 213.
  • the self-rescuer of the present invention first dissipates a certain heat dissipating component during use.
  • the heat will also reduce the reaction rate of the oxygen generator in the later stage due to the heat, CO2 and moisture generated by the exhaust gas, and reduce the heat of reaction.
  • the exhaust valve 23 includes a valve body 231 and a valve body 234.
  • the valve body 231 communicates the oxygen generating tank 21 with the atmosphere, and the valve body 234 is disposed in the valve body 231.
  • One end of the 234 is closed by the valve body 231, and the other end of the valve body 234 is connected to the air bag 3.
  • the valve body 231 is a cylindrical casing member.
  • One end of the valve body 231 has an open end communicating with the oxygen generating tank 21, and the other end of the valve body 231 is open to a certain size of the vent opening to communicate with the atmosphere, and the valve body 234 can The end surface of the valve body 231 and the atmosphere communication end is blocked, the sealing area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the valve body 231, and the other end of the valve body 234 is connected to the air bag wall by a soft member, such as a wire rope, a rubber rope, A flexible metal cord or the like may be used.
  • the airbag 3 expands in a process of receiving gas from the human body and the gas generating agent 21, and expands to form a certain moving distance away from the oxygen generating component, thereby performing the exhausting. Pulling of the valve spool 234 allows the opening and closing of the exhaust valve 23.
  • the exhaust valve 23 includes a valve body 231, a valve body 234, a valve seat 232, a spring 233, and a spool wire 237.
  • the valve body 231 connects the oxygen generating tank 21 to the atmosphere, and the valve seat
  • the movable body 232 is disposed in the valve body 231.
  • the valve seat 232 can be screwed to the valve body 231, so that the position of the valve seat 232 in the valve body 231 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the tightness of the spring 233 to the valve core 234.
  • the pitch of the spring 233, the amount of compression, and the like can be adjusted to adjust the working effect of the exhaust valve 23 to meet the requirements of the degree of ventilation of the different tanks; the spool 234 is restrained on the valve seat 232 by the spring 233 to perform the valve body 231.
  • the plug 234 is connected to the inner wall of the air bag 3 through the spool wire 237.
  • the valve body 231 is a cylindrical housing member, and a circular rubber sleeve 236 is firstly disposed at the joint of the valve body 231 and the can body 215, and the valve body 231 is sleeved on the rubber sleeve 236 by the clamp 235.
  • the cross-sectional area of the communication body 231 and the oxygen generating tank 21 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the valve body 231 and the atmosphere, and the sealing area of the valve body 234 to the atmosphere of the valve body 231 is smaller than that of the valve body 231.
  • the cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the valve body 231 communicating with the atmosphere.
  • the longitudinal section of the valve body 234 is shaped like a "T"-shaped member, that is, the upper portion of the valve body 234 is a disk-shaped blocking body.
  • the lower portion of the valve body 234 is a columnar connecting body, and the upper portion of the valve body 234 is closed at the communication between the valve body 231 and the atmosphere.
  • the lower portion of the valve body 234 is connected to the air bag 3 through the valve seat wire 237 through the valve seat wire 237.
  • the spool wire 237 is connected to the air bag 3 through the oxygen generating tank 21, and the internal passage is arranged to avoid external factors interfering with accidental opening of the valve body, and the exhaust valve can only be controlled by the expansion or not of the air bag 3. Opening and closing.
  • the spring 233 is a coil spring which is enlarged from the end of the valve body 231 away from the end of the oxygen generating can 21 to the end of the oxygen generating can 21, since the spool 234 is connected to the flexible spool wire 237. During the pulling process, the movement angle of the spool 234 may be shifted, and the pulling motion of the spool 234 is not smooth. Therefore, the spring 233 used is preferably a tower-type coil spring as shown in FIG. Can play a certain role in the movement of the spool 234.
  • the heat dissipation frame 212 includes at least two heat dissipation plates disposed at intersections, and at least two heat dissipation plates are disposed at intersections, and the intersection angle of the adjacent heat dissipation plates is 60° to 90°.
  • the cross-shaped heat dissipating plate may be a "T"-shaped frame body which is vertically disposed according to the first heat dissipating plate 2121 and the second heat dissipating plate 2122 shown in FIG. 6, and may also be a "ten"-shaped frame body, or It is two plate bodies set at a certain angle.
  • the best setting method is a "T" shaped frame as set forth in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the arrangement of the "T" shaped frame in the oxygen generating tank can be
  • the inverted beam is placed in the direction of the vent pipe 211, and the vertical beam is placed toward the side wall of the oxygen generating tank 21, and preferably, the vent pipe 211 is embedded in the center of the top wall of the oxygen generating tank 21,
  • a heat dissipating rack 212 is disposed in each of the oxygen generating tanks at both ends of the trachea 211, and the oxygen generating tank is divided into five independent spaces by the venting tube 211 and the two heat dissipating frames 212, and the space is filled according to the requirement of oxygen generation. Filling of the oxygen medicament 213.
  • the heat dissipation plate includes a ventilation limit frame a, and a plurality of heat dissipation nets b are stacked in the ventilation limit frame a.
  • the ventilation limit frame a is uniformly disposed on the through hole.
  • the plate frame is filled with a mesh structure in the frame of the plate body, and the plate frame is arranged to limit the loose heat dissipation net on the one hand, and the structure of the heat dissipation frame 212 is regulated, and on the other hand, the space inside the oxygen generating canister 21 can be
  • the arrangement is flexibly adjusted to ensure that there is a heat sink 212 in each corner to cool the air in the path.
  • the filter plays a role of heat dissipation and guiding. The whole system functions to guide the airflow, reduce the reaction rate, and lower the temperature of the canister.
  • the structure has good consistency, simple and effective structure, and excellent control effect.
  • the vent pipe 211 includes a connecting pipe section 2111 and a venting heat pipe section 2112 disposed from top to bottom, and the connecting pipe section 2111 is used for connecting the breathing component 1 and the oxygen generating component 2 to ventilate heat.
  • the pipe section 2112 is used to filter and cool the route gas.
  • the connecting pipe section 2111 is an ordinary pipe body, and the breathing hose 15 on the respiratory component 1 and the oxygen generating chemical tank 21 on the oxygen generating component 2 are connected, and the ventilation heat radiating pipe section 2112 is a pipe body structure in which a through hole is evenly arranged on the pipe wall.
  • the same heat dissipation net b as in the heat dissipation frame 212 can be filled therein to further reduce the gas temperature and filter the gas.
  • the respiratory component 1 includes a mouthpiece 12, a mouthpiece heatsink 13 and a breathing hose 15, which are sequentially connected, and a mouthpiece plug 12 is inserted on the mouthpiece 12,
  • the oxygen plug cable 14 is connected to the mouthpiece plug 11 for opening the oxygen candle;
  • the mouthpiece heat sink 13 includes a first vent 131, a heat sink 132, a heat dissipating component 133 and a second vent 134, and the first vent 131
  • the second vent 134 is disposed on the heat sink 132.
  • the mouthpiece heatsink 13 communicates with the mouthpiece 12 and the breathing hose 15 through the first vent 131 and the second vent 132, and the heat dissipating component 133 is embedded in the heat sink 132. Cool down the gas in the pathway.
  • the heat dissipating body 132 is a circular frame, and the heat dissipating component 133 is inserted therein.
  • the heat dissipating component 133 can be a multi-layered wire mesh structure, which can reduce the temperature of the inhaled gas and increase the comfort of the wearing process.
  • the temperature of the incoming gas is lowered, the reaction rate of the drug is lowered, the effective protection time of the product is prolonged, and the respiratory resistance can be buffered, and even if the person is in a state of vigorous exercise, the breathing volume is increased, and the resistance can be ensured smoothly.
  • the first vent 131 and the second vent 134 are designed to have a certain angle, which can ensure that the breathing hose 15 is perpendicular to the can 215, and the air passage is ensured.
  • the mouthpiece radiator 13 is designed to reduce the temperature of the breathing gas, which can greatly reduce the product inhalation temperature and exhalation and inspiratory resistance; prevent the KO 2 powder from entering the respiratory tract; and prolong the effective protection time of the product.
  • the oxygen generating tank 21 includes a tank body 215 having a cross section of an elliptical shape; the elliptical tank body is produced without a right angle side.
  • the processing error ensures the stability of the volume of each oxygen generating tank, which is beneficial to the production of chemical oxygen self-rescuer in large quantities and high stability.
  • the sealing edge structure of the can body 215 includes a can body wall 2151, a sealing glue 2152 and a can bottom wall 2153, and the edge of the can bottom wall 2153 covers the edge of the can body wall 2151 toward the respiratory component 1
  • the mounting end is crimped, and the sealant 2152 is disposed on the contact surface of the edge of the can body wall 2151 with the edge of the can bottom wall 2153.
  • the traditional sealing technology of the self-rescuer is to press the can body and the can lid with a hydraulic machine.
  • the can lid covers the flange of the can body, and the joint is sealed by a rubber sealing method. The sealing effect is poor, and the curing time of the rubber is long.
  • the present invention draws on the sealing method of the can lid, and introduces the sealing for the first time in the self-rescuer industry.
  • Tank technology the advantage of this technology is that the sealing effect is good, the degree of automation is high, and the can body sealed can directly enter the next process, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the product; and the surface is beautiful and has no glue marks.
  • the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present invention starts from the above technical solution to reduce the respiratory resistance of the product (the respiratory resistance standard is 35 L/min, the sum of the inhaled gas and the exhaled gas resistance should not exceed 13 mbar, and the maximum respiratory resistance during the experiment should not be More than 7.5 mbar); lowering the breathing temperature (in the process of 30% relative humidity, the temperature of the inhaled gas should not exceed +60 ° C, for more than 30% relative humidity, the temperature should not exceed +50 ° C); to ensure that the corresponding protection is met Performance (the rated CO 2 content of the inhaled gas does not exceed 1.5%, the highest value does not exceed 3.0%); Suitable for self-rescuer models of 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min models, the following is the test data during the trial and development period.
  • the performance test of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer of the present invention is carried out. The experimental results are shown in the experimental data in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4:
  • the device of the present invention can conform to the self-rescuer of the model of 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min, satisfying the requirement of oxygen concentration, and the temperature of the breathing gas does not fluctuate greatly during the use time, and at the same time
  • the required respiratory resistance and the like can also meet the requirements.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

一种化学氧自救器，包括依次连通的呼吸组件（1）、生氧组件（2）和气囊（3），生氧组件包括生氧药罐（21）、排气阀（23）和氧烛（22）；在生氧药罐的生氧药剂（213）以上与呼吸组件的呼吸端以下的部件上设置排气阀，排气阀的开闭通过气囊的充气体积控制；在生氧药罐内设置散热组件和生氧药剂，散热组件包括通气管（211）和散热架（212），通气管连通呼吸组件和生氧药罐，散热架设置在生氧药罐内，通气管和散热架将生氧药罐分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂。该化学氧自救器降低呼吸阻力、降低呼吸气体的温度、提高生氧药剂的利用率。

Description

一种化学氧自救器 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿用安全设备，具体涉及一种化学氧自救器。
背景技术
自救器产品大致分为两大类：往复式结构、循环式结构。
往复式结构：呼吸气体进出口都为呼吸软管，气囊位于药罐底部，排气阀一般位于气囊上，呼吸气体经药罐两次。气流两次经过药罐，可使已被吹到药剂下层内的水蒸气回到上层，水蒸气能均匀分布在药罐中并减轻结块，呼吸阻力上升缓和，放氧均匀，氧的利用率增大。但由于呼吸气均通过药罐，吸气也被加热、呼吸气温较高，进而也加剧了反应速率，使得氧含量增高，而排气方式为气囊排气法，排出的气体氧含量高，降低了药品利用率；
循环式结构：呼气经呼气软管到达药罐，进入气囊，气囊为上置式，且呼气软管位于气囊中，排气阀位于呼气软管上，气囊鼓胀到一定程度驱动排气阀开启；吸气直接吸气囊中的气体，呼吸气体经药罐一次。此种结构呼出的气体从一个方向进入生氧药罐与生氧剂反应，此时呼气中的水蒸气被冲到药罐底部集中引起底层药剂严重结块，时呼气阻力在防护时间后期急剧上升，氧气放出量前期高于后期，使得氧的利用率变低；因为气流只通过药层一次，对CO 2吸收不够彻底。
化学氧自救器在研制过程中，经过大量的试验及调研，往复式结构对药品的利用率、阻力等相对于循环式结构都有着明显的优势；但往复式结构的排气阀往往位于气囊上，排气时气体组分大部分为氧气，进而导致加剧反应 速率，降低药品利用率，导致呼吸温度增加，为达到额定防护时间，势必导致药品量增多，成本增加。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种化学氧自救器，降低呼吸阻力、降低呼吸气体的温度、提高生氧药剂的利用率。
为了实现上述目的，本公开提供一种化学氧自救器，包括依次连通的呼吸组件、生氧组件和气囊，所述的生氧组件包括生氧药罐、排气阀和氧烛，在所述生氧药罐的生氧药剂以上与所述呼吸组件的呼吸端以下的部件上设置排气阀，所述排气阀的开闭通过气囊的充气体积控制；
在所述的生氧药罐内设置散热组件和生氧药剂，散热组件连通呼吸组件和生氧药罐，散热组件将生氧药罐分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂同时对生氧药罐内的气体进行过滤降温。
散热组件包括通气管和散热架，通气管连通呼吸组件和生氧药罐，散热架设置在生氧药罐内，通气管和散热架将生氧药罐分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂。
可选地，所述的排气阀包括阀体和阀芯，阀体将生氧药罐与大气连通，阀芯设置在阀体内，阀芯的一端进行阀体与大气连通端的封堵，且阀芯的封堵面积小于阀体的横截面积，阀芯的另一端与气囊连接。
可选地，所述的排气阀包括阀体、阀芯、阀座、弹簧和阀芯拉线，阀体将生氧药罐与大气连通，所述阀座活动式设置在所述阀体内，阀芯通过弹簧限制在阀座上进行阀体的封堵，阀芯通过阀芯拉线与所述气囊内壁连接。
可选地，所述的弹簧为由阀体远离生氧药罐的端部到靠近生氧药罐的端 部直径渐大的螺旋弹簧。
可选地，所述的散热架包括至少交叉设置的散热板，所述交叉设置的散热板至少为两个，且相邻散热板的交叉角度为60～90°。
可选地，所述的散热板包括通气限位框，在所述的通气限位框内叠设多个散热网。
可选地，所述的通气管包括由上到下设置的连接管段和通气散热管段，连接管段用于连接呼吸组件与生氧组件，通气散热管段用于对途径气体进行过滤降温。
可选地，所述的呼吸组件包括依次连通的口具、口具散热器和呼吸软管，所述的口具散热器包括第一通气口、散热体、散热组件和第二通气口，第一通气口和第二通气口设置在所述散热体上，口具散热器通过第一通气口和第二通气口与口具和呼吸软管连通，散热组件埋设在散热体内对途径的气体进行降温。
可选地，所述的生氧药罐包括罐体，所述罐体的横截面为椭圆形；
所述罐体的封口边结构包括罐体腔壁、封口胶和罐体底壁，罐体底壁边缘包覆罐体腔壁边缘朝向呼吸组件安装端卷曲，封口胶设置在罐体腔壁边缘与罐体底壁边缘的接触面上。
通过上述技术方案，本公开的化学氧自救器能够降低呼吸阻力、降低呼吸气体的温度、提高生氧药剂的利用率。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与 下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是本公开化学氧自救器的结构示意图；
图2是本公开化学氧自救器的生氧药罐的结构示意图；
图3是本公开化学氧自救器的生氧药罐剖视结构示意图；
图4是本公开化学氧自救器的口具散热器的结构示意图；
图5是本公开的化学氧自救器的散热架的结构示意图；
图6为本公开的化学氧自救器的散热架剖视结构示意图；
图7是本公开的化学氧自救器的通气管结构示意图；
图8是本公开的化学氧自救器的罐体封边结构示意图。
图中各标号表示为：1-呼吸组件、11-口具塞、12-口具、13-口具散热器、131-第一通气口、132-散热体、133-散热组件、134-第二通气口、135-反光板、14-氧烛连接线、15-呼吸软管；
2-生氧组件、21-生氧药罐、211-通气管、2111-连接管段、2112-通气散热管段、212-散热架、2121-第一散热板、2122-第二散热板、a-通气限位框、b-散热网、213-生氧药剂、214-气囊连接口、215-罐体、2151-罐体腔壁、2152-封口胶、2153-罐体底壁、22-氧烛、23-排气阀、231-阀体、232-阀座、233-弹簧、234-阀芯、235-卡箍、236-橡胶套、237-阀芯拉线；
3-气囊；
4-佩戴隔热组件、41-隔热垫、42-佩戴带。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是， 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“以上、以下”通常是指以相应附图的图面为基准定义的；“内、外”通常是指相应部件轮廓的内和外；“远、近”是以相应附图的图面为基准定义的。“横截面积”通常是指以相应附图的图面为基准沿横向垂直方向进行横切后形成。
如图1所示，本公开的化学氧自救器包括依次连通的呼吸组件1、生氧组件2和气囊3，生氧组件2包括生氧药罐21、排气阀23和氧烛22，在生氧药罐21的生氧药剂以上与呼吸组件1的呼吸端以下的部件上设置排气阀23，排气阀23用于将自救器气体循环体系中的多余气体和/或由于生氧药罐产生的过多的氧气排到大气中，比如排气阀23可以设置在呼吸组件1的呼吸软管15上、或者在呼吸软管15与生氧药罐21的连接处，还有最好的将排气阀23设置在生氧药罐21的上壁处，即只要是在生氧药罐21的生氧药剂以上与呼吸组件1的呼吸端以下的部件上都可以实现该排气阀的排气效果，这个位置设置的排气阀排出的气体组分大部分为CO 2，新生成的氧气含量低，这样在有限的排出气体量的情况下，能节约生氧药剂产生的氧气，提高药品利用率，生氧反应不会特别剧烈，同时利于降低呼吸气体的温度；比如排气阀直接连通生氧药罐，反应时药罐温度较高，排气时会带出高温气体，降低药罐温度、排气阀的阀芯与气囊的囊壁通过软性部件连接，例如线绳、橡胶绳、软性金属绳等都可以，气囊在接受来自人体呼吸的气体和生氧药罐产生气体的过程中会胀大，胀大后形成一定的远离生氧组件的移动距离，从而进行排气阀阀芯的拉动实现排气阀的开启和关闭。
如图3所示，在本公开的实施例中，在生氧药罐21内设置散热组件和生 氧药剂213，散热组件包括通气管211和散热架212，通气管211连通呼吸组件1和生氧药罐21，散热架212设置在生氧药罐21内，通气管211和散热架212将生氧药罐21分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂213，在生氧药罐21的底部设置气囊连接口214，用于连接生氧药罐21和气囊3。比如通气管211嵌设在生氧药罐21内，散热架212放置在生氧药罐21内，那么生氧药罐21内由通气管211和散热架212形成的空间都可以用于填充生氧药剂213，比如超氧化钾药片，用于产生氧气；通气管211的埋设一部分用于连接呼吸组件1和生氧组件2，另一部分还可以填充滤网式的散热丝，进一步的起到降低气体温度和过滤气体的作用，通气管211与散热架212的配合合理的利用了生氧药罐21内的空间，使散热组件尽量少的占用空间，为生氧药剂213的填充提供更大的空间，保证使用要求，同时还能提供温度更低、过滤更彻底的呼吸气体；通过散热组件与排气阀23两者的配合，使本发明的自救器在使用中首先散热组件会散出一定热量，还会因排气带出的热量、CO2及水气，降低生氧剂后期的反应速率，降低反应放热量。
结合图3，在本公开的实施例中，排气阀23包括阀体231和阀芯234，阀体231将生氧药罐21与大气连通，阀芯234设置在阀体231内，阀芯234的一端进行阀体231的封堵，阀芯234的另一端与气囊3连接。比如，阀体231为圆柱形的壳体构件，阀体231的一端为开口端与生氧药罐21连通，阀体231的另一端开有一定大小的通气口与大气连通，阀芯234能在阀体231与大气连通端的端面上进行封堵，封堵面积要小于阀体231的横截面积，阀芯234的另一端通过软性部件与气囊囊壁连接，例如线绳、橡胶绳、软性金属绳等都可以，气囊3在接受来自人体呼吸的气体和生氧药罐21产生气体的 过程中会胀大，胀大后形成一定的远离生氧组件的移动距离，从而进行排气阀23阀芯234的拉动实现排气阀23的开启和关闭。
比如，一种可行的优选实施方案，排气阀23包括阀体231、阀芯234、阀座232、弹簧233和阀芯拉线237，阀体231将生氧药罐21与大气连通，阀座232活动式设置在阀体231内，比如阀座232可以通过螺纹与阀体231连接，这样可以调节阀座232在阀体231内的所在位置，进而调节弹簧233对阀芯234的顶紧程度，比如可以调节弹簧233的螺距、压缩量等，对排气阀23的工作效果进行调节，以满足不同药罐通气程度的要求；阀芯234通过弹簧233限制在阀座232上进行阀体231的封堵，阀芯234通过阀芯拉线237与气囊3内壁连接。比如，阀体231为圆柱形的壳体构件，阀体231与罐体215的连接处先设置一个圆环形的橡胶套236，将阀体231套接到橡胶套236上，用卡箍235、阀体231与生氧药罐21的连通处的横截面积大于阀体231与大气连通处的横截面积，阀芯234对阀体231与大气连通处的封堵面积小于阀体231的横截面积大于阀体231与大气连通处的横截面积，比如阀芯234的纵截面的形状为类似于“T”形的构件，即阀芯的234上部为圆盘状的封堵体，阀芯234的下部为柱状的连接体，阀芯234的上部进行阀体231与大气连通处的封堵，阀芯234的下部穿过阀座232通过阀芯拉线237与气囊3连接，最好的，阀芯拉线237穿过生氧药罐21与气囊3连接，内部穿过的设置方式避免了外界因素干扰意外打开阀体，而只能通过气囊3的膨胀与否来控制排气阀的开闭。
最好的，弹簧233为由阀体231远离生氧药罐21的端部到靠近生氧药罐21的端部直径渐大的螺旋弹簧，由于阀芯234与软性的阀芯拉线237连接， 在拉拽过程中可能会导致阀芯234移动角度的偏移，导致阀芯234的拉拽运动不顺畅，因此，所用的弹簧233最好为图3中所示的塔型的螺旋弹簧，能对阀芯234的运动起到一定的扶正作用。
如图5和6所示，散热架212包括至少交叉设置的散热板，交叉设置的散热板至少为两个，且相邻散热板的交叉角度为60°～90°。交叉设置的散热板比如可以根据图6中所示的第一散热板2121和第二散热板2122相互垂直设置组成的“T”形的架体，还可以为“十”字形的架体，或者是两个成一定角度设置的板体，再比如还可以采用三个及三个以上的交叉设置的板体组成散热架，但是如果板体太多会占用生氧药罐内过多的空间，导致生氧药剂的放置空间减少，因此，最好的设置方式是如图5和6中设置的“T”形的架体，“T”形的架体在生氧药罐内的布置方式可以采用放倒后的横梁朝向通气管211的方向放置，竖梁朝向生氧药罐21侧壁放置，且最好的，将通气管211嵌设在生氧药罐21的顶壁中央，在通气管211两端的生氧药罐内各布置一个散热架212，由通气管211和两个散热架212将生氧药罐分隔成5个独立的空间，各个空间内按照生氧量的需要进行生氧药剂213的填充。
最好的，在本公开的实施例中，散热板包括通气限位框a，在通气限位框a内叠设多个散热网b，比如通气限位框a为其上均匀设置通孔的板体框架，在板体框架内填充网状结构，板体框架一方面将松散的散热网进行限位盛装，规整了散热架212的结构，另一方面能够根据生氧药罐21内的空间布置进行灵活的调整，保证各个角落都有散热架212，对途径的空气进行降温。该过滤网起到散热及导向作用，整个系统起到引导气流走向、降低反应速率、降低药罐温度等作用；该结构一致性好，结构简单有效，控制效果极佳。
如图7所示，在本公开的实施例中，通气管211包括由上到下设置的连接管段2111和通气散热管段2112，连接管段2111用于连接呼吸组件1与生氧组件2，通气散热管段2112用于对途径气体进行过滤降温。比如连接管段2111为普通的管体，连接呼吸组件1上的呼吸软管15与生氧组件2上的生氧药罐21，通气散热管段2112为管壁上均匀设置通孔的管体结构，其内可以填充与散热架212内相同的散热网b，进一步的起到降低气体温度和过滤气体的作用。
如图1和图4所示，在本公开的实施例中，呼吸组件1包括依次连通的口具12、口具散热器13和呼吸软管15，口具12上塞有口具塞11，口具塞11上连接氧烛连接线14，用于氧烛的开启；口具散热器13包括第一通气口131、散热体132、散热组件133和第二通气口134，第一通气口131和第二通气口134设置在散热体132上，口具散热器13通过第一通气口131和第二通气口132与口具12和呼吸软管15连通，散热组件133埋设在散热体132内对途径的气体进行降温。比如，散热体132为圆环形的框体，在其内插入散热组件133，散热组件133可以为多层叠设的丝网结构，一方面能降低吸入气体温度，增加人在佩戴过程的舒适感，另一方面使呼入的气体温度降低，降低药品的反应速率，延长产品有效防护时间；且能缓冲呼吸阻力，即使人员在剧烈运动的情况下，导致呼吸量加大，也能保证阻力平稳；并且考虑到佩戴角度问题，第一通气口131和第二通气口134设计为自带一定角度，能保证呼吸软管15与罐体215垂直，保证气路通畅。口具散热器13是为了降低呼吸气体温度而设计的，可大幅降低产品吸气温度及呼气、吸气阻力；防止KO 2粉末进入呼吸道；延长产品有效防护时间。
如图2所示，在本公开的实施例中，生氧药罐21包括罐体215，罐体215的横截面为椭圆形；椭圆形的罐体在制作时不会产生直角边带来的加工误差，保证了每个生氧药罐体积的稳定性，有利于大批量、高稳定的制作化学氧自救器。
如图8所示，最好的，罐体215的封口边结构包括罐体腔壁2151、封口胶2152和罐体底壁2153，罐体底壁2153边缘包覆罐体腔壁2151边缘朝向呼吸组件1安装端卷曲，封口胶2152设置在罐体腔壁2151边缘与罐体底壁2153边缘的接触面上。自救器传统的封罐技术是采用液压机进行罐体和罐盖压合，罐盖包裹罐身的翻边，采用胶封方式对接缝处密封，该方式密封效果较差，胶固化时间较长(24h)，大大制约着产品的生产效率；且胶体有一定的流动性，导致封胶面不美观；为解决该问题，本发明借鉴易拉罐罐盖的封口方式，在自救器行业首次引进该封罐技术，该技术的优点在于密封效果好，自动化程度高，封好罐的罐体可以直接进入到下一工序，极大的提高了产品工作效率；且表面美观，无胶痕。
本发明的化学氧自救器从上述技术方案入手，降低产品呼吸阻力(呼吸阻力标准为在35L/min条件下，吸入气体和呼出气体阻力之和不应超过13mbar，实验时最大的呼吸阻力不应该超过7.5mbar)；降低呼吸温度(在30％的相对湿度过程中，吸入气体的温度不应该超过+60℃，对于超过30％相对湿度，温度不应该超过+50℃)；保证满足相应的防护性能(额定防护时间内，吸入气体中CO 2含量容量不超过1.5％，最高值不超过3.0％)；适用于30min、40min、50min、60min型号的自救器，以下为研发试制期间的试验数据，即将本发明的化学氧自救器进行了性能测试，实验结果见表1、表2、表3及表4中的实 验数据：
表1 30min型号的自救器性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000002
表2 40min型号的自救器性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000004
表3 50min型号的自救器性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000006
表4 60min型号的自救器性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2018111920-appb-000009
从表1-表4中的实验数据可知，本发明的装置能够符合30min、40min、50min、60min型号的自救器，满足氧气浓度的要求，呼吸气体的温度在使用时间内没有大的波动，同时所需的呼吸阻力等还能满足要求。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种化学氧自救器，包括依次连通的呼吸组件(1)、生氧组件(2)和气囊(3)，其特征在于，所述的生氧组件(2)包括生氧药罐(21)、排气阀(23)和氧烛(22)，在所述生氧药罐(21)的生氧药剂以上与所述呼吸组件(1)的呼吸端以下的部件上设置排气阀(23)，所述排气阀(23)的开闭通过气囊(3)的充气体积控制；
    在所述的生氧药罐(21)内设置散热组件和生氧药剂(213)，散热组件连通呼吸组件(1)和生氧药罐(21)，散热组件将生氧药罐(21)分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂(213)同时对生氧药罐内的气体进行过滤降温。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的排气阀(23)包括阀体(231)和阀芯(234)，阀体(231)将生氧药罐(21)与大气连通，阀芯(234)设置在阀体(231)内，阀芯(234)的一端进行阀体(231)与大气连通端的封堵，且阀芯(234)的封堵面积小于阀体(231)的横截面积，阀芯(234)的另一端与气囊(3)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的排气阀(23)包括阀体(231)、阀芯(234)、阀座(232)、弹簧(233)和阀芯拉线(237)，阀体(231)将生氧药罐(21)与大气连通，所述阀座(232)活动式设置在所述阀体(231)内，阀芯(234)通过弹簧(233)限制在阀座(232)上进行阀体的封堵，阀芯(234)通过阀芯拉线(237)与所述气囊(3)内壁连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的弹簧(233)为由阀体(231)远离生氧药罐(21)的端部到靠近生氧药罐(21)的端部直径渐大的螺旋弹簧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的散热组件包括通气管(211)和散热架(212)，通气管(211)连通呼吸组件(1)和生氧药罐(21)，散热架(212)设置在生氧药罐(21)内，通气管(211)和散热架(212)将生氧药罐(21)分隔成多个容纳空间用于放置生氧药剂(213)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的散热架(212)包括至少交叉设置的散热板，所述交叉设置的散热板至少为两个，且相邻散热板的交叉角度为60～90°。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的散热板包括通气限位框(a)，在所述的通气限位框(a)内叠设多个散热网(b)。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的通气管(211)包括由上到下设置的连接管段(2111)和通气散热管段(2112)，连接管段(2111)用于连接呼吸组件(1)与生氧组件(2)，通气散热管段(2112)用于对途径气体进行过滤降温。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的呼吸组件(1)包括依次连通的口具(12)、口具散热器(13)和呼吸软管(15)，所述的口具散热器(13)包括第一通气口(131)、散热体(132)、散热组件(133)和第二通气口(134)，第一通气口(131)和第二通气口(134)设置在所述散热体(132)上，口具散热器(13)通过第一通气口(131)和第二通气口(134)与口具(12)和呼吸软管(15)连通，散热组件(133)埋设在散热体(132)内对途径的气体进行降温。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的化学氧自救器，其特征在于，所述的生氧药罐(21)包括罐体(215)，所述罐体(215)的横截面为椭圆形；
    所述罐体(215)的封口边结构包括罐体腔壁(2151)、封口胶(2152)和罐体底壁(2153)，罐体底壁(2153)边缘包覆罐体腔壁(2151)边缘朝向呼吸组件(1)安装端卷曲，封口胶(2152)设置在罐体腔壁(2151)边缘与罐体底壁(2153)边缘的接触面上。
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