WO2019126974A1 - Method and apparatus for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen storage - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen storage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019126974A1
WO2019126974A1 PCT/CN2017/118448 CN2017118448W WO2019126974A1 WO 2019126974 A1 WO2019126974 A1 WO 2019126974A1 CN 2017118448 W CN2017118448 W CN 2017118448W WO 2019126974 A1 WO2019126974 A1 WO 2019126974A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
heat exchanger
supplied
nitrogen
anyone
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PCT/CN2017/118448
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French (fr)
Inventor
Yuwu Wang
Olof KALLGREEN
Chendong ZHANG
Jinghua Liu
Theo Martin
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Linde Aktiengesellschaft
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/118448 priority Critical patent/WO2019126974A1/en
Publication of WO2019126974A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019126974A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0325—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating by expansion using "Joule-Thompson" effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0176—Buses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage.
  • Vehicles like cars and buses can be driven by means of hydrogen drives, i.e. drives using hydrogen as power source.
  • Such drives can be either combustion engines or electric machines powered by means of fuel cells.
  • Such cars or buses typically are provided with hydrogen storages like tanks. These hydrogen storages can be filled with hydrogen provided by larger hydrogen sources at fuel stations and the like. In order to achieve pressures of, e.g. 700 bar the hydrogen has to be cooled before being transferred from the hydrogen source to the hydrogen storage. Typical temperatures are -40°C or less.
  • the liquid refrigerant will then pass through an expansion valve and get cooled to a very low temperature due to the Joule-Thomson effect.
  • the resulting cold refrigerant gas will then be used to cool a heat transfer fluid such as silicone oil by means of a heat exchanger.
  • the cold heat transfer fluid will be used to cool down the hydrogen by means of a further heat exchanger.
  • the mechanical cooling system will be overloaded if four cars need to be filled simultaneously and thus the filling time will be much longer and is typically not acceptable to customers.
  • refrigerants used in mechanical cooling system are poisonous and harmful to the environment, which is even regulated at some locations.
  • the present invention aims at improving the possibilities to supply hydrogen to hydrogen storages, in particular hydrogen storages within vehicles.
  • a method according to the invention serves for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage.
  • the hydrogen storage can be provided, for example, within a vehicle, in particular a car or a bus. Further, a tube trailer or a liquid hydrogen tank is preferably used as the hydrogen source.
  • the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source is supplied to the hydrogen storage via a heat exchanger, wherein the hydrogen is cooled by means of the heat exchanger using nitrogen as a cooling medium.
  • the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source is compressed by means of a compressor prior to or after being supplied to the heat exchanger.
  • the compressed hydrogen can be supplied to a buffer system prior to being supplied to the heat exchanger This helps to transfer the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage.
  • the pressure the hydrogen is compressed to is between 300 bar and 1000 bar, in particular 350 bar or 900 bar, and even more particular 350 bar and 700 bar. While 350 bar is a preferred pressure for hydrogen storages provided within or for buses, a pressure of 700 bar is preferred for hydrogen storages provided within or for cars.
  • the hydrogen leaving the heat exchanger is supplied to the hydrogen storage via a dispenser. This helps to provide the hydrogen to several hydrogen storages like several cars or buses at the same time very easily.
  • the nitrogen is provided in liquid form, since liquid nitrogen can be provided in appropriate storage tanks or the like very easily.
  • the nitrogen can also be provided in gaseous form.
  • the nitrogen can be supplied to the heat exchanger in liquid form or in gaseous form, in particular depending on a desired cooling rate of the hydrogen. This helps to vary the cooling rate, for example. If the nitrogen is provided in liquid form and shall be supplied to the heat exchanger in gaseous form, it can be evaporated beforehand.
  • a flowrate of the nitrogen being supplied to the heat exchanger is controlled depending on a desired cooling rate and/or temperature of the hydrogen. This further helps to achieve a desired cooling rate, for example if different types of hydrogen storages can be supplied with an apparatus.
  • a further object of the invention is an apparatus for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage, the apparatus being arranged to supplying hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source to the hydrogen storage via a heat exchanger.
  • the apparatus comprises a heat exchanger being adapted and arranged to cool the hydrogen using nitrogen as a cooling medium.
  • the apparatus is adapted to perform a method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus, with which the method of the present invention can advantageously be implemented.
  • FIG. 1 an apparatus or system 100 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment is shown, with which the method of the present invention can advantageously be implemented.
  • Hydrogen can be provided in a hydrogen source 110.
  • the hydrogen source 110 can be, for example, a tube trailer. Also, a tank for liquid hydrogen, for example, in the form of a cylinder or the like is possible.
  • the hydrogen denoted by stream a
  • the hydrogen is compressed to a pressure of, for example, 900 bar.
  • the hydrogen a is supplied to a buffer system 130 and then to a heat exchanger 140.
  • the heat exchanger 140 can be, for example, of the tube-shell type, the planar type, the coil type or of another type.
  • the hydrogen After the hydrogen has passed the heat exchanger 140 it is supplied to a dispenser 150. From the dispenser 150 the hydrogen can then be supplied to a hydrogen storage 160, which, for example, is arranged within a car or another vehicle.
  • a nitrogen storage 170 with, in particular, liquid nitrogen (also called LIN) is provided.
  • Nitrogen denoted by stream b, is supplied to the heat exchanger 140.
  • the nitrogen can be supplied in liquid or gaseous form, in particular depending on a desired cooling rate and/or temperature.
  • Gaseous nitrogen also called GAN
  • GAN Gaseous nitrogen
  • control unit 175 is provided which is adapted to control a flowrate of the nitrogen b through the heat exchanger 140. It is, for example, also possible to control a temperature. By means of that control unit 175 the cooling rate of the hydrogen to be cooled can be adjusted. It is to be noted that such a control unit (including, for example, an adjustable valve) can be provided in the stream of nitrogen before or after the heat exchanger 140.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A method for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160), the hydrogen (a) provided by the hydrogen source (110) being supplied to the hydrogen storage (160) via a heat exchanger (140), wherein the hydrogen (a) is cooled by means of the heat exchanger (140) using nitrogen (b) as a cooling medium. An apparatus (100) for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160) is also provided. The method and the apparatus use nitrogen as cooling medium, which can be harmless to the environment.

Description

Method And Apparatus For Supplying Hydrogen To A Hydrogen Storage Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage.
Prior Art
Vehicles like cars and buses can be driven by means of hydrogen drives, i.e. drives using hydrogen as power source. Such drives can be either combustion engines or electric machines powered by means of fuel cells.
Such cars or buses typically are provided with hydrogen storages like tanks. These hydrogen storages can be filled with hydrogen provided by larger hydrogen sources at fuel stations and the like. In order to achieve pressures of, e.g. 700 bar the hydrogen has to be cooled before being transferred from the hydrogen source to the hydrogen storage. Typical temperatures are -40℃ or less.
Conventionally, hydrogen is cooled down before being supplied to high pressure storages by means of mechanical refrigeration, which has a similar principle as a home refrigerator or an air conditioner has. In such a design, a refrigerant such as Freon or R45 is compressed and then cooled by an air fan or cooling water so that it will be condensed into liquid form.
The liquid refrigerant will then pass through an expansion valve and get cooled to a very low temperature due to the Joule-Thomson effect. The resulting cold refrigerant gas will then be used to cool a heat transfer fluid such as silicone oil by means of a heat exchanger. Finally, the cold heat transfer fluid will be used to cool down the hydrogen by means of a further heat exchanger.
Disadvantages of such a conventional cooling system design are the risk of heat transfer fluid leakage which can contaminate the hydrogen. Further, with the heat transfer fluid used, the system has a complicated design which results in a higher failure rate. Also, the response time is  long since the heat transfer fluid needs to be cooled to a low temperature first before it can be used as a cold source to cool down the hydrogen.
It is possible to improve such a conventional cooling system in that the sub system including the heat transfer fluid is eliminated. In such a design the cold refrigerant gas will be used to cool down the hydrogen directly by means of a heat exchanger, which is also used as heat reservoir.
Although disadvantages regarding the heat transfer fluid are overcome, there are still other drawbacks. Due to mechanical cooling, the system is still complicated and has a high risk of failure. A shutdown of mechanical cooling systems due to malfunction cannot be predicted. Also, a lot of maintenance is needed for mechanical cooling systems. Further, a mechanical cooling system's range of cooling capability is narrow, or, in other words, the turn-down ratio is poor.
Thus, for example, if the mechanical cooling system is designed to handle hydrogen filling for two cars at the same time, the mechanical cooling system will be overloaded if four cars need to be filled simultaneously and thus the filling time will be much longer and is typically not acceptable to customers. Also, it is to be noted that refrigerants used in mechanical cooling system are poisonous and harmful to the environment, which is even regulated at some locations.
The present invention aims at improving the possibilities to supply hydrogen to hydrogen storages, in particular hydrogen storages within vehicles.
Disclosure of the Invention
This object is achieved by providing a method and an apparatus according to the independent claims.
A method according to the invention serves for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage. The hydrogen storage can be provided, for example, within a vehicle, in particular a car or a bus. Further, a tube trailer or a liquid hydrogen tank is preferably used as the hydrogen source. The hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source is supplied to the hydrogen storage via a heat exchanger, wherein the hydrogen is cooled by means of the heat exchanger using nitrogen as a cooling medium.
By using nitrogen as cooling medium no mechanical cooling system with mechanical and moving components is necessary anymore. Thus, all the disadvantages of mechanical cooling systems mentioned above are overcome. Further, such a system is almost free of maintenance and low in cost. Also, there are no harmful chemicals used. Thus, even in the case of leakage no contamination will be caused. Also, cooling can be achieved very fast, in particular when liquid nitrogen is used. Further, the capacity of the cooling system with respect of hydrogen storages to be supplied with can be improved.
Preferably, the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source is compressed by means of a compressor prior to or after being supplied to the heat exchanger. Further, the compressed hydrogen can be supplied to a buffer system prior to being supplied to the heat exchanger This helps to transfer the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage.
Advantageously, the pressure the hydrogen is compressed to is between 300 bar and 1000 bar, in particular 350 bar or 900 bar, and even more particular 350 bar and 700 bar. While 350 bar is a preferred pressure for hydrogen storages provided within or for buses, a pressure of 700 bar is preferred for hydrogen storages provided within or for cars.
Further, it is of advantage, if the hydrogen leaving the heat exchanger is supplied to the hydrogen storage via a dispenser. This helps to provide the hydrogen to several hydrogen storages like several cars or buses at the same time very easily.
Preferably, the nitrogen is provided in liquid form, since liquid nitrogen can be provided in appropriate storage tanks or the like very easily. However, the nitrogen can also be provided in gaseous form. Further, the nitrogen can be supplied to the heat exchanger in liquid form or in gaseous form, in particular depending on a desired cooling rate of the hydrogen. This helps to vary the cooling rate, for example. If the nitrogen is provided in liquid form and shall be supplied to the heat exchanger in gaseous form, it can be evaporated beforehand.
Advantageously, a flowrate of the nitrogen being supplied to the heat exchanger is controlled depending on a desired cooling rate and/or temperature of the hydrogen. This further helps to achieve a desired cooling rate, for example if different types of hydrogen storages can be supplied with an apparatus.
A further object of the invention is an apparatus for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen source to a hydrogen storage, the apparatus being arranged to supplying hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source to the hydrogen storage via a heat exchanger. The apparatus comprises a heat exchanger being adapted and arranged to cool the hydrogen using nitrogen as a cooling medium. Preferably, the apparatus is adapted to perform a method according to the invention.
In respect of further embodiments and advantages of the apparatus according to the invention it is referred to the statements above in order to avoid repetition.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a preferred embodiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus, with which the method of the present invention can advantageously be implemented.
Detailed description of the drawings
In Fig. 1, an apparatus or system 100 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment is shown, with which the method of the present invention can advantageously be implemented.
Hydrogen can be provided in a hydrogen source 110. The hydrogen source 110 can be, for example, a tube trailer. Also, a tank for liquid hydrogen, for example, in the form of a cylinder or the like is possible.
By means of a compressor 120 the hydrogen, denoted by stream a, is compressed to a pressure of, for example, 900 bar. Next, the hydrogen a is supplied to a buffer system 130 and then to a heat exchanger 140. The heat exchanger 140 can be, for example, of the tube-shell type, the planar type, the coil type or of another type.
After the hydrogen has passed the heat exchanger 140 it is supplied to a dispenser 150. From the dispenser 150 the hydrogen can then be supplied to a hydrogen storage 160, which, for example, is arranged within a car or another vehicle.
Further, a nitrogen storage 170 with, in particular, liquid nitrogen (also called LIN) is provided. Nitrogen, denoted by stream b, is supplied to the heat exchanger 140. The nitrogen can be supplied in liquid or gaseous form, in particular depending on a desired cooling rate and/or temperature. Gaseous nitrogen (also called GAN) can be obtained by vaporizing liquid nitrogen or by mixing gaseous nitrogen with liquid nitrogen.
After the nitrogen b has passed the heat exchanger it is vented to atmosphere. However, it is also possible that the nitrogen is collected for re-use or it is used in another application. Also, a control unit 175 is provided which is adapted to control a flowrate of the nitrogen b through the heat exchanger 140. It is, for example, also possible to control a temperature. By means of that control unit 175 the cooling rate of the hydrogen to be cooled can be adjusted. It is to be noted that such a control unit (including, for example, an adjustable valve) can be provided in the stream of nitrogen before or after the heat exchanger 140.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160) , the hydrogen (a) provided by the hydrogen source (110) being supplied to the hydrogen storage (160) via a heat exchanger (140) ,
    characterized in that the hydrogen (a) is cooled by means of the heat exchanger (140) using nitrogen (b) as a cooling medium.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen (a) provided by the hydrogen source (110) is compressed by means of a compressor (120) prior to or after being supplied to the heat exchanger (140) .
  3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen (a) is compressed to a pressure between 300 bar and 1000 bar, in particular to 350 bar or 900 bar.
  4. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the compressed hydrogen is supplied to a buffer system (130) prior to being supplied to the heat exchanger (140) .
  5. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen (a) leaving the heat exchanger (140) is supplied to the hydrogen storage (160) via a dispenser (150) .
  6. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the nitrogen (b) is provided in liquid or gaseous form.
  7. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the nitrogen (b) is supplied to the heat exchanger (140) in liquid form or in gaseous form, in particular depending on a desired cooling rate and temperature of the hydrogen (a) .
  8. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein a flowrate of the nitrogen (b) being supplied to the heat exchanger (140) is controlled depending on a desired cooling rate and/or temperature of the hydrogen (a) .
  9. Method according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen storage (160) is provided within a vehicle, in particular a car or a bus, and/or wherein a tube trailer, a liquid hydrogen tank, or on-site hydrogen generator is used as the hydrogen source (110) .
  10. Apparatus (100) for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160) , the apparatus (100) being arranged to supply hydrogen (a) provided by the hydrogen source (110) to the hydrogen storage (160) via a heat exchanger (140) , and
    comprising a heat exchanger (140) being arranged to cool the hydrogen using nitrogen (b) as a cooling medium.
  11. Apparatus (100) according to claim 10, being adapted to perform a method according to anyone of claims 1 to 9.
PCT/CN2017/118448 2017-12-26 2017-12-26 Method and apparatus for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen storage WO2019126974A1 (en)

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CN112963729A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Hydrogen cooling system before hydrogenation machine
WO2021115354A1 (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-17 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Hydrogen fueling pre-cooling control method and system for hydrogen fueling station
RU2750221C1 (en) * 2020-08-20 2021-06-24 Юрий Иванович Духанин Method for filling tank with cryogenic liquid, storing it and draining from the tank

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CN101818853A (en) * 2010-05-20 2010-09-01 西安交通大学 Cyclic-adsorption hydrogen-storing device having cold utilization function
CN102491272A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-06-13 华东理工大学 Process and device for purifying high-purity hydrogen
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WO2021115354A1 (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-17 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Hydrogen fueling pre-cooling control method and system for hydrogen fueling station
RU2750221C1 (en) * 2020-08-20 2021-06-24 Юрий Иванович Духанин Method for filling tank with cryogenic liquid, storing it and draining from the tank
CN112963729A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Hydrogen cooling system before hydrogenation machine

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