WO2019124464A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un joint soudé par points de résistance - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un joint soudé par points de résistance Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019124464A1 WO2019124464A1 PCT/JP2018/046874 JP2018046874W WO2019124464A1 WO 2019124464 A1 WO2019124464 A1 WO 2019124464A1 JP 2018046874 W JP2018046874 W JP 2018046874W WO 2019124464 A1 WO2019124464 A1 WO 2019124464A1
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- energization
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a resistance spot welded joint of a steel plate.
- An automobile body is assembled by joining press-formed steel plates mainly by spot welding using resistance welding.
- spot welding coexistence of securing of the nugget diameter according to plate thickness and generation
- Patent Document 1 adopts spot welding of high-tensile steel plates by adopting a two-step energization method in which main energization is performed after improving the familiarity of contact surfaces of steel plates by preliminary energization.
- a spot welding method is disclosed that suppresses the occurrence of dust.
- Patent Document 2 after forming a nugget having a diameter of 3 t t to 5 t t by pre-energization, the current value is lowered, and then the current value is increased again to perform a constant current main energization or a pulsed main current
- the spot welding method which suppresses generation
- Patent Document 3 discloses a hot stamp steel plate covered with a film having high electrical resistance such as zinc oxide.
- spot welding preliminary electrification is performed by pulsating electrification which repeats electrification and electrification stopping a plurality of times while pressurizing the steel plate with the electrode, and thereafter, the main electrification is continuously performed for a longer time than the maximum electrification time at the pulsation electrification
- a spot welding method is disclosed that is adapted to do so.
- Patent Document 4 when spot welding the same steel plate as in Patent Document 3, preliminary energization and main energization are performed by pulsation energization, and the maximum current of the main energization is conducted higher than the maximum current of the preliminary energization.
- a spot welding method is disclosed.
- vibration due to thermal expansion and contraction is given to the electrode contact surface of the steel sheet by repetition of energization and energization suspension at the time of pulsation energization of pre-energization, and high melting point
- the oxide layer can be effectively eliminated to the outside of the welded portion, and the rapid cooling of the welded portion can be suppressed by sufficiently exerting the cooling effect of the electrode by stopping the energization of the pulsation electric current. For this reason, it is possible to obtain the effect of improving the familiarity of the contact surfaces of the steel plates in a short time while suppressing the generation of dust, and suppressing an increase in current density at the contact interface to suppress rapid nugget growth. Can. As a result, generation of dust in spot welding of a hot stamped steel sheet can be suppressed.
- the nugget diameter is secured while suppressing the occurrence of indentation by setting the pressing force of the electrode in an appropriate range according to the plate thickness of the steel plate and further setting the energization pattern in an appropriate range.
- a spot welding method is disclosed to prevent the occurrence of spattering.
- steel plates used for hot stamping are often subjected to surface treatments such as zinc-based plating and aluminum-based plating.
- surface treatments such as zinc-based plating and aluminum-based plating.
- oxidation of the plating proceeds during heating to form an oxide layer such as zinc oxide or aluminum oxide.
- oxide layers grow, the contact resistance of the steel plate after hot stamping (hot stamped steel plate) rises to 1 m ⁇ or more.
- spot assembly welding of a vehicle body using such a hot stamped steel plate generation of dust is facilitated, and there is also a problem that it is difficult to ensure stable nugget diameter.
- the high melting point oxide layer is formed of a welded portion by the action of pulsating current (current passing and current stopping repeated several times in a short time) using a welding power source of inverter direct current.
- pulsating current current passing and current stopping repeated several times in a short time
- inverter direct current current passing and current stopping repeated several times in a short time
- the effect may not be sufficient, for example, when the oxide layer is thick, and even in such a case, it is desirable that generation of dust can be further suppressed.
- the inverter direct current which has recently become mainstream because of advantages such as small current, has a narrower appropriate current range than alternating current as disclosed in Patent Document 4.
- Patent Document 5 secures the nugget diameter and suppresses the generation of dust by changing the pressing force according to the plate thickness and setting the energization pattern in an appropriate range.
- the layer is thick, the effect may not be sufficient. Even in such a case, it is desirable that the generation of dust can be further suppressed.
- a manufacturing method of a resistance spot welded joint in which two or more steel plates are stacked, and the stacked portion is pressurized by an electrode and energized, and the stacked portion is pressed by the electrode at a pressure of 3.9 kN or more
- the current in the preliminary electrification step and the main electrification step is all direct current, and in the preparatory electrification step, the electrification method of 80% or more of the electrification time ta is continuous electrification continuously, and the main A method of manufacturing a resistance spot welded joint, characterized in that the energization method of the energization step is pulsation energization which repeats energization and non-activation a
- a welding method capable of suppressing dust and stably securing the nugget diameter against spot welding of a steel plate in which a substance having a high electrical resistance is present in the surface layer like a hot stamped steel plate.
- “appropriate current range” refers to the first current at which the nugget diameter is 4 ⁇ t or more, where t is an average value of the plate thicknesses of the steel plates to be spot welded by gradually increasing the current.
- it is a range from “4 t t current” to the current where dust is generated for the first time.
- the surface-treated hot stamped steel plate an intermetallic compound and an iron-based solid solution are formed on the surface by an alloying reaction of a plated metal and a steel base, and a metal derived from plating (for example, It has an oxide film which has Zn as a main component. Therefore, compared with a cold pressed steel plate, the surface-treated hot stamped steel plate has a high resistance at the contact portion between the steel plates and a large amount of heat generation.
- alloying between the plated metal and the steel proceeds in the hot stamping process, and the melting point in the vicinity of the surface also has a high value close to that of iron. Is hard to soften and expansion of the current-carrying path is suppressed.
- the heat generation efficiency is higher in the inverter DC system energization than in the single-phase alternating current, the formation of the nugget at the initial stage of the energization becomes very rapid. For this reason, the growth of the pressure contact portion around the nugget can not catch up and the molten metal can not be confined, and it is presumed that internal dust is generated.
- direct current does not have a current pause time like single-phase alternating current, it is difficult to obtain a cooling effect by the electrode. For this reason, it is presumed that the nugget easily grows in the thickness direction, the melted portion reaches the outermost layer of the steel plate, and surface dust is generated.
- "direct current” does not include energization that reverses plus / minus like alternating current. For this reason, not only energization in which current is always flowing as in continuous energization, but also pulsation energization in which energization and energization suspension are repeated a plurality of times in a short time is determined as direct current unless plus / minus reversal occurs.
- the present inventors divide the oxide layer regardless of the thickness of the oxide layer and the like during spot welding by two-step current conduction, and a part of the oxide layer is reliably excluded outside the weld, which is rapid.
- We examined means to suppress the growth of molten metal.
- the oxide dispersion / movement (exclusion) effect in the pre-energization is increased. It has been found that the passage of the pulsating current gradually increases the area in which the oxide is dispersed and moved, and also suppresses the rapid growth of molten metal, thereby enabling the suppression of dust.
- the main energization is an energization pattern of constant current.
- pre-energization with a current value Ia: 3.5 kA and an energization time ta: 0.4 sec is performed, and then, as shown in FIG.
- the electrode is a DR (dome radius) type in which the curved surface at the tip is a DR (dome radius) type consisting of a tip curved surface (initial contact portion) and a corner curved surface as shown in FIG. Using.
- the pressure applied during energization was 450 kgf (4.4 kN) and constant from the pre-energization to the main energization.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of spot welding with a pattern of main current conduction only at a constant current, a pattern of main current conduction at a predetermined precurrent current + constant current, and a main current conduction pattern by precurrent current + pulsation current.
- Point E in FIG. 1 indicates an experimental point at which dust is generated.
- the upper limit current value generated by dust increases by welding by the two-step energization of the preliminary energization and the main energization, as compared with the case of welding with the energization pattern of only the main energization,
- the upper limit current value generated by the dust greatly increases to 5 ⁇ t or more, and the appropriate welding current range is expanded, compared to the case where the main energization is performed with constant current. It was confirmed to do.
- the present inventors further change the pressure of the electrode and the energization condition of the preliminary energization on the premise that the energization is performed in two stages of the preliminary energization and the main energization, and the dust is
- the conditions that can suppress and obtain the necessary nugget diameter by setting it as the condition specified in at least the above (1) and (2), it is not appropriate to generate the required nugget diameter without generating dust Welding current range was found to be expanded.
- the present invention heats a material steel plate (for example, an electroplated steel plate or a thin steel plate containing a hot-dip galvanized steel plate) made of high strength steel to a hardenable temperature and austenitizes it, and then simultaneously cools and bakes with a die and bakes.
- a hot-stamped steel plate to be inserted hereinafter referred to as “hot-stamped steel plate”), the surface of which is subjected to surface treatment such as zinc-based plating or aluminum-based plating to prevent iron scale generation when heated to high temperatures.
- Hot-stamped hot-stamped steel plates are mainly targeted for spot welding.
- the present invention is also applicable to steel plates other than hot stamped steel plates, and is not particularly limited to hot stamped steel plates.
- a hot stamped steel plate is not a flat plate but a formed body that has been formed and processed. However, since it is sufficient if the portion to be overlapped is a plate, in the present invention it is It is called "hot stamped steel plate” including.
- a hot stamped steel plate obtained by hot stamping a zinc-based plated steel plate or an aluminum-based plated steel plate may be referred to as “surface-treated hot stamped steel plate” in the following description.
- an intermetallic compound and an iron-based solid solution are formed on the surface by an alloying reaction between a zinc-based or aluminum-based plated film and the steel of the base material, and the outer surface is further derived from plating. It has an oxide layer containing a metal (for example, zinc in the case of zinc-based plating) as a main component. Therefore, the surface-treated hot stamped steel plate has a contact resistance as high as 1 m ⁇ or more as compared to a bare steel plate, and a large amount of heat is generated by energization.
- the alloying of the plating and the steel proceeds in the hot stamping process, and the melting point in the vicinity of the surface also has a high value close to iron, so compared to the steel plate provided with the plated film before heating ,
- the contact portion between the steel plates is difficult to soften.
- the present invention is particularly effective when applied to spot welding of a steel plate having such contact resistance of 1 m ⁇ or more.
- the measuring method of contact resistance is mentioned later.
- the thickness of the steel plate there is no particular limitation on the thickness of the steel plate.
- the thickness of a steel plate used in automobile parts or vehicle bodies is 0.6 to 3.2 mm, and the method of producing a resistance spot welded joint of the present invention has a sufficient effect in this range.
- At least one of the steel plates on the side to which the electrode contacts includes a surface-treated hot stamped steel plate.
- a steel plate combined with a surface treatment hot stamp steel plate a combination including a surface treatment hot stamp steel plate and a high tensile steel plate of 590 MPa grade or more is preferable.
- resistance spot welding is performed on a plate assembly in which two or three steel plates are stacked.
- the surface area of the tip surface of the electrode having a radius of curvature of 40 mm or more is the same as the electrode pressing direction (usually the electrode length method)
- the area A of the region projected on a plane perpendicular to the above and the diameter of a circle equivalent to the area are defined as the electrode tip diameter d. That is, the electrode tip diameter d is calculated as 2 ⁇ (A / ⁇ ).
- the surface area with a radius of curvature of 40 mm or more is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction of the electrode (usually the same as the electrode length method). If the area is circular, the diameter of the circle is the electrode tip diameter d.
- the diameter d and the radius of curvature (tip R) of the tip curved portion of the electrode are not particularly limited, but generally, the diameter is about 5 to 6 mm and the radius of curvature is about 40 to 60 mm.
- an electrode for example, an electrode defined in JIS C9304: 1999 can be used.
- an electrode having a curvature R of 40 to 60 mm for the DR-type tip curved portion is exemplified.
- chromium copper or alumina-dispersed copper is preferable.
- Alumina-dispersed copper is preferable in terms of preventing welding and surface dust.
- a DC welding power source such as an inverter DC system
- the inverter direct current method has a merit that it can be mounted on a robot with a small load and can be made small, and therefore it is used in particular in automation lines.
- the inverter direct current method has high heat generation efficiency because it can continuously apply current without continuous on / off of the current as in the single-phase alternating current method conventionally used in continuous energization.
- the pulse current waveform can be easily controlled.
- the electrode pressurizing force and the energization condition of the preliminary energization are set as the specific conditions.
- the pressing force is increased to break and disperse the oxide layer on the surface of the steel plate, and a part of the oxide layer is moved (excluded) outside the contact range of the electrode to make the surface contact resistance Reduce.
- the current value is lowered to suppress the rapid growth of nuggets at the initial stage of contact and to prevent the generation of dust.
- the pressure is set to 3.9 kN or more, and the maximum value of the current Ia (kA) in the pre-energization is set to satisfy Ia ⁇ 6 kA. By doing this, it is possible to reduce the contact resistance on the surface of the steel sheet without generating dust.
- the applied pressure is preferably 4.4 kN or more. More preferably, it is 4.5 kN or more, 4.8 kN or more, 5.0 kN or more, or 5.4 kN or more.
- the pressing force is preferably 10 kN or less, 9.5 kN or less, or 9.0 kN or less because the nugget formation during main conduction may be difficult due to a decrease.
- the energization time in the pre-energization is equal to or longer than the time which can destroy the oxide layer of the portion of the steel plate surface in contact with the electrode and partially exclude it from the contact range. Specifically, electricity is applied for ta (sec) so as to satisfy the following equations (1) and (2).
- Ia (t) (kA) in a formula (1) and a formula (2) is a current value of preliminary energization at the time of t (sec) progress from a preliminary energization start.
- the current integral value S in the pre-energization defined by the following equation (3) is set to 0.5 kA ⁇ s or more as shown in the equation (2).
- the lower limit of the current integral value S may be 0.6 kA ⁇ s, 0.8 kA ⁇ s, 1.0 kA ⁇ s or 1.2 kA ⁇ s.
- the energization time of the pre-energization process it is often 0.05 to 1 s.
- the lower limit of the current application time may be 0.1 s, 0.15 s, or 0.2 s.
- the upper limit may be 0.9s, 0.8s, 0.7s or 0.8s.
- the current in the preliminary energization (the maximum value of the current in the preliminary energization when the current fluctuates during the preliminary energization) is 6 kA or less.
- the lower limit is 0 kA in consideration of the pulsation energization. If necessary, it may be 1 kA or 2 kA.
- the main purpose is to destroy and separate the oxide layer of the part in contact with the electrodes on the surface of the steel plate and the part where steel plates are in contact with each other, and move a part out of the contact range. It is not necessary to form a nugget.
- the energization time ta in the preliminary energization is equal to or longer than the time in which the oxide layer on the surface of the steel sheet can be separated, and more preferably, is energized to satisfy the above relationship in relation to the current value I (t).
- Continuous energization means energizing so that the magnitude of the direct current does not reach 0 amps, and not only the current of a constant magnitude continues to flow but also the magnitude of the direct current increases with the passage of time.
- the magnitude of the direct current may be increased or decreased over time so that the magnitude of the direct current does not become 0 amp.
- continuous energization does not include energization for which there is a long-time energization suspension (for example, energization suspension for 1 s or more) which is not normal pulsation energization.
- the time of the preliminary energization is continuous energization, and the current may be 100% continuous energization.
- a short time (for example, about 0.01 to 0.1 s) of the energization stop time such as passage of electricity is included in the energization time, but the energization stop time of 1 second or more is excluded from the energization time.
- pulsating energization is repeated, in which a cycle consisting of a period t1 of applying a pulse current and an energization stop period t0 is repeated twice or more.
- a condition in which a nugget of a predetermined diameter is obtained without generating dust is adopted.
- a nugget diameter of 4 ⁇ t or more is often used as a production control standard.
- the current value Ib is a current value higher than the current value Ia of the pre-energization, that is, Ib> Ia.
- the electricity supply system made into 0.02 s rest, for example after electing 0.06 s is illustrated.
- the shape of the pulse current is not limited to the rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 2, but may be a shape in which rising and falling portions of the pulse are inclined with respect to time.
- the first cycle of energization of pulsation although the pre-energization is conducted continuously in FIG. 2, the first cycle of energization can be started after the pause period as shown in FIG. .
- the current value can be gradually increased.
- the gradual increase of the current value may be continuous or stepwise.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows an example in which the current is gradually increased at the initial stage of the start of the preliminary energization, that is, the up-slope energization is performed.
- the solid line shows the example from the beginning, and the broken line shows an example in which up-slope conduction is performed from the current value in the middle.
- FIG. 5 (b) an example in which up-slope energization is performed to gradually increase the peak current at the beginning of the start of the main energization is shown in FIG. 5 (c). An example is shown respectively.
- the total of the energization time in the main energization by the pulsation energization can be within the normal condition range. For example, about 10 times the plate thickness per sheet (in the case of welding of steel plates having a plate thickness of 1 mm, about 0.2 s) is recommended as a measure of the energization time. Also in the present invention, the total conduction time in the main conduction is about 10 times the thickness of the plate. However, since the steel plate temperature rises due to the pre-energization and the interface of the steel plate melts depending on the conditions, it can be made shorter than this reference time. That is, depending on the conditions of the pre-energization, the total energization time at the time of main energization may be shortened to about 4 to 8 times the plate thickness in some cases.
- the definition of the pre-energization and the main energization is as follows.
- the measuring method of contact resistance is shown in FIG.
- a steel plate (which may or may not be plated) is sandwiched between one spot welding electrode.
- a current I of 1 A is supplied to the electrode.
- the voltage V1 between the upper electrode 1a and the steel plate 2 and the voltage V2 between the lower electrode 1b and the steel plate 2 are measured.
- the electric resistance between the upper electrode and the steel plate is R1
- the electric resistance between the lower electrode and the steel plate is R3
- the resistance due to the specific resistance of the steel plate bulk (base material) itself is R2.
- R2 can be approximated to zero.
- the resistance of the upper and lower electrodes can be approximated to zero. Therefore, the relationship between the measured voltages V1 and V2 and the electrical resistances R1 and R3 can be approximated as follows.
- the larger one of R1 and R3 is used as the contact resistance in the present invention.
- a steel plate having a contact resistance of 1 m ⁇ or more is mainly applied, but the present invention is applicable to a steel plate having a contact resistance of less than 1 m ⁇ , and it is not necessary to be limited to a steel plate having a contact resistance of 1 m ⁇ or more.
- the lower limit of the contact resistance may be limited to 2 m ⁇ , 5 m ⁇ , 8 m ⁇ or 10 m ⁇ .
- the upper limit of the contact resistance is not particularly limited, but may be 100 m ⁇ , 50 m ⁇ , 30 m ⁇ , or 20 m ⁇ .
- the welding conditions are shown in Table 1.
- the current value of the main conduction ranged from 4 kA to the current value at which dust is generated.
- the pressing force in the two-stage energization was constant from the preliminary energization to the main energization.
- the total energization time in the main energization was set to be about 0.4 s. All power supplies were inverter DC power supplies.
- the current value of the main conduction step by setting the current value of the main conduction step to a value of 4 ⁇ t current or more and less than the dust generation current, dust is not generated even in welding of actual parts, and shunting and electrode wear and tear Even if there is a disturbance due to the above, it is possible to stably secure a spot welded portion in which the nugget diameter is 4tt or more.
- the appropriate current range did not satisfy the target of 1.5 kA or more.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un joint soudé par points de résistance dans lequel la production d'expulsion peut être supprimée lorsqu'un soudage par points est effectué sur une feuille d'acier comprenant au moins une feuille d'acier pour estampage à chaud. Dans le procédé, lorsque deux feuilles d'acier ou plus sont superposées les unes avec les autres et qu'un soudage par points de résistance est effectué sur la partie superposée obtenue, le soudage par points de résistance est réalisé par conduction en deux étapes comprenant : une étape de conduction préliminaire utilisant une force de pressage d'électrode qui n'est pas inférieure à 3,9 kN à un courant Ia (t) (kA) pendant une période de temps ta (s); et une étape de conduction principale. Tous les courants pour la conduction préliminaire et la conduction principale sont des courants continus, pas moins de 80 % de la période de temps de conduction préliminaire étant réglée sur une conduction continue, Ia(t) et ta(s) satisfaisant Ia(t) ≤ 6,0 (kA) et la Formule (AA), et la conduction principale est réglée sur une conduction de pulsation.
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JP2019520159A JP6584728B1 (ja) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | 抵抗スポット溶接継手の製造方法 |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114850643A (zh) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 杭州宝伟汽车零部件有限公司 | 超高强度热成形钢板点焊方法 |
WO2022219968A1 (fr) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-10-20 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Procédé de soudage par points par résistance |
WO2023008263A1 (fr) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Procédé de soudage par points par résistance |
DE102022104981A1 (de) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Verfahren zum Widerstandspunktschweißen von gehärteten Stahlblechbauteilen |
JP7355281B1 (ja) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-10-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 溶接継手、溶接部材およびその製造方法、ならびに、抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
WO2023233704A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Joint soudé, élément de soudage, son procédé de fabrication et procédé de soudage par points par résistance |
WO2024014146A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Procédé de soudage par points |
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CN114850643A (zh) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 杭州宝伟汽车零部件有限公司 | 超高强度热成形钢板点焊方法 |
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JP7476957B2 (ja) | 2021-04-12 | 2024-05-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
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JP7558475B2 (ja) | 2021-07-30 | 2024-10-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
DE102022104981A1 (de) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Verfahren zum Widerstandspunktschweißen von gehärteten Stahlblechbauteilen |
JP7355281B1 (ja) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-10-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 溶接継手、溶接部材およびその製造方法、ならびに、抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
WO2023233704A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Joint soudé, élément de soudage, son procédé de fabrication et procédé de soudage par points par résistance |
WO2024014146A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Procédé de soudage par points |
JP7522977B2 (ja) | 2022-07-14 | 2024-07-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
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