WO2019116711A1

WO2019116711A1 - Group management system, power control device, and power storage system

Info

Publication number: WO2019116711A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/038200
Authority: WO
Inventors: 渡辺　健一; 工藤　貴弘
Original assignee: パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date: 2017-12-15
Filing date: 2018-10-12
Publication date: 2019-06-20
Also published as: JPWO2019116711A1; JP6876939B2

Abstract

A second group management system server 12b controls a power storage system group including power storage systems that are respectively installed at a plurality of consumers and that are connected to a power grid. An acquisition unit 440 acquires the maximum value of power charged/discharged by a power source different from the power storage system group, a first time at which the power charged/discharged in the power source is scheduled to decrease from the maximum value, and a first rate of change of power charged/discharged by the power source from the first time. On the basis of the maximum value of power, the first time, and the first rate of change acquired in the acquisition unit 440, a determination unit 442 determines a second time at which the power storage system group is scheduled to start charging/discharging power, and a second rate of change of power charged/discharged by the power storage system group from the second time.

Description

Group management system, power control device, storage system

The present disclosure relates to a group management system that manages power, a power control apparatus, and a storage system.

There has been proposed a power management system provided with a control device that controls equipment installed at a customer. The apparatus includes, for example, a solar battery, a storage battery, a distributed power supply such as a fuel cell, and a home appliance. Such a control device is connected to the upper level smart server. The smart server centrally manages a plurality of consumers (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2014-33591 A

When the power management system controls the storage system connected to the power grid in the customer, but the group management system controls more than one power management system, the group management system controls the power management according to the increase or decrease of the power demand. Charge and discharge each storage system via the system. When the electric power demand in the electric power system fluctuates, there is a case in which the electric storage system (hereinafter, referred to as “first electric storage system group”) of the plurality of electric storage systems is promptly responded. In addition, after a certain period of time has elapsed since the response by the first power storage system group, a response may be made to another power storage system (hereinafter referred to as "second power storage system group") instead of the first power storage system group. In such a situation, when handover from the first storage battery group to the second storage battery group is not properly performed, the period until the frequency of the power system is stabilized becomes long.

The present disclosure has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a technique for appropriately performing handover of responses to fluctuations in power demand.

In order to solve the above problems, a group management system according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a storage system installed in each of a plurality of customers, and includes a storage system group including a storage system connected to a power system. A group management system for controlling, the maximum value of electric power charged / discharged by an electric power source different from the electric storage system group, the first time when the electric power charged / discharged in the electric power source is reduced from the maximum value, Based on the acquisition unit that acquires the first change ratio of power charged / discharged by the power source from one time, the maximum value of the power acquired by the acquisition unit, the first time, and the first change ratio A determination unit configured to determine a second time at which the system group is to start charging and discharging, and a second change ratio of power to be charged and discharged to the storage system group from the second time.

It is to be noted that any combination of the above-described components, and the expression of the present disclosure converted between a method, an apparatus, a system, a computer program, or a recording medium having a computer program recorded thereon is also effective as an aspect of the present disclosure. is there.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately take over the response to fluctuations in power demand.

It is a figure showing the composition of the VPP system concerning an example. It is a figure which shows the structure of the consumer of FIG. FIGS. 3 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing an operation for fluctuation of the power demand in the power system of FIG. FIGS. 4 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing another operation with respect to fluctuation of the power demand in the power system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the 1st group management system server of FIG. 1, a 2nd group management system server, the N + 1st power management system server, and the N + 2th power management system server. 6 (a)-(d) are diagrams showing the format of a message used in the VPP system of FIG. 7 (a) to 7 (d) are diagrams showing processing in the determination unit of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure by the 2nd group management system server of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows another control procedure by the 2nd group management system server of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows another control procedure by the 2nd group management system server of FIG. It is a figure which shows another structure of the 2nd group management system server of FIG.

Before specifically describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, an outline of the present embodiment will be described. The embodiment relates to devices such as scattered small-scale solar power generation systems, power storage systems, fuel cell systems, and a VPP (Virtual Power Plant) that integrates and controls demand suppression of electric power. The VPP controls devices such as a photovoltaic power generation system, a storage system, and a fuel cell system via a network to make them function as a single power plant. Here, devices such as a solar power generation system, a storage system, and a fuel cell system are installed at each customer. The customer is a facility receiving power supply from a power company or the like, and is, for example, a house, an office, a store, a factory, a park, or the like. The devices in such customers are controlled by the power management system. The power management system discharges the storage system in a time zone in which the consumer consumes a large amount of power, or charges the storage system at night when the electricity bill of the power system is inexpensive.

The plurality of power management systems are connected to the group management system. In addition, the group management system is connected to a host system which is an aggregator that integrates a plurality of group management systems. A VPP is equivalent to the upper system and the group management system plus equipment such as a storage system installed in the customer. The higher-level system trades power in the market or in a relative contract with the business operator. In addition, the higher-level system provides integrated coordination power to the power exchange market, the power transmission and distribution department of the power company, the retail power company, and the like. Therefore, the higher-level system determines the coordination power to be provided to the market or each business operator, and distributes the coordination power to each group management system. Each group management system further distributes coordination to each customer. Thus, the group management system instructs each of the plurality of power management systems to control to sell or buy power in response to a request from the upper system. For example, the group management system requests the power management system to control the storage system to be discharged or to reduce the power consumption of the customer when the power generated by the power plant becomes tight.

A plurality of power management systems are connected to the group management system, and one or more power storage systems are connected to each power management system, which are arranged hierarchically. Therefore, it can be said that the group management system controls fluctuations in power due to a plurality of power storage systems (hereinafter also referred to as "power storage system group"). If a plurality of storage system groups are charged and discharged simultaneously in response to fluctuations in power demand in the power system, fluctuations in power increase and the power system becomes unstable.

In order to cope with this, when the power demand fluctuates, the aforementioned first storage system group responds quickly, and subsequently, the second storage system group responds so as to replace the first storage system group. That is, charge / discharge for responding quickly to fluctuations is provided by the first storage system group, and stable charge / discharge is provided by the second storage system group. Here, charge / discharge in response by the first storage system group may be called "primary adjustment power", and charge / discharge in response by the second storage system group may be called "secondary adjustment power". A secondary adjustment force may be followed by a tertiary adjustment force, but the tertiary adjustment force is omitted here. Further, it is assumed that the first storage system group is connected to the first group management system, and the second storage system group is connected to the second group management system.

In such a situation, when handover from the first storage battery group to the second storage battery group is not properly performed, the period until the frequency of the power system is stabilized becomes long. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in the second group management system, the maximum value of the power charged / discharged by the first storage system group, and the first time when the power charged / discharged from the first storage system group is to be reduced from the maximum value. The first change ratio of the power charged / discharged by the first storage system group after the first time is acquired. In addition, the second group management system is configured to use the second power storage system group to start charging / discharging based on the maximum value of the power, the first time, and the first change ratio, and the second time or later after the second time. 2. Determine a second change rate of the power charged / discharged to the storage system group. Furthermore, the second group management system causes the second storage system group to start charging / discharging at the second time and to execute charging / discharging at the second change ratio.

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the VPP system 100. The VPP system 100 includes a host system server 10, a first group management system server 12a collectively referred to as a group management system server 12, a first power management system server generically referred to as a power management system server 14 and a second group management system server 12b. 14a, a second power management system server 14b, an Nth power management system server 14n, an (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1, an (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2, and an (N + M) th power management system server 14n + m. Here, the first power management system server 14a is installed in the first customer 16a, the N + M power management system server 14n + m is installed in the N + M customer 16n + m, and the 1st customer 16a to the N + M customer 16n + m are in demand. Collectively referred to as House 16. The number of group management system servers 12 is not limited to “2”, and the number of power management system servers 14 and customers 16 is not limited to “N + M”.

The customer 16 is, for example, a single-family house, an apartment house such as an apartment, a store such as a convenience store or a supermarket, a commercial facility such as a building, a factory. It is an existing facility. The customer 16 is provided with equipment such as an air conditioner (air conditioner), a television receiver (television), a lighting device, a storage system, and a heat pump water heater. These devices receive the supply of commercial power and consume power by being connected to a power system such as a power company. As an apparatus, although what is assumed that the reduction amount of electric power consumption is comparatively large is useful, it may be assumed that the reduction amount is not so large. The device may include a renewable energy generator such as a solar cell system or a fuel cell system.

The power management system server 14 is a computer for executing the processing of the power management system, and is installed, for example, in the customer 16. The power management system server 14 has, for example, a function as a home energy management system (HEMS) controller. Therefore, the power management system server 14 can communicate with various devices in the customer 16 by HAN (Home Area Network), and controls these devices. The power management system server 14 controls the operation of the storage system, for example, discharge and charge. In addition, the power management system server 14 may control the interconnection between the devices installed in the customer 16 and the power system. The power management system server 14 disconnects between the device and the power system at the time of power failure, and interconnects between the device and the power system at the time of power recovery.

The group management system server 12 is a computer for executing the processing of the group management system. The group management system server 12 manages a plurality of power management system servers 14 by connecting a plurality of power management system servers 14. As a result, the group management system server 12 centrally manages a plurality of devices connected to each of the plurality of power management system servers 14. Here, a group of storage systems connected to each of the first power management system server 14a to the Nth power management system server 14n corresponds to the first storage system group described above, and the first storage system group is the first group management It is managed by the system server 12a. A group of storage systems connected to each of the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 to the (N + M) th power management system server 14n + m corresponds to the second storage system group described above, and the second storage system group is a second group management system It is managed by the server 12b.

The plurality of group management system servers 12 are connected to the upper system server 10. The upper system server 10 is a computer for executing the processing of the upper system which is an aggregator. As described above, the VPP including the upper system and the group management system trades power in the market or in a relative contract with the business operator, and the upper system server 10 sends the group management system server 12 a request according to the contract. Output. One group management system server 12 may be connected to a plurality of upper system servers 10.

With such a configuration, when the power demand of the entire group of customers managed by the upper system becomes tight, the group management system server 12 consumes the power discharged from the storage system in the customer 16 or within the customer 16. Control the power management system server 14 so as to reduce power consumption at In addition, if the power generation of the entire group of customers managed by the upper system increases and the supply exceeds the demand, the group management system server 12 increases the charge to the storage system or increases the demand in the customer 16 Control the power management system server 14 to At that time, when fluctuation of the power demand occurs, the first group management system server 12a starts charging / discharging of the first power storage system group. In addition, when a certain period of time has elapsed since the start of charge / discharge in the first storage system group, the first group management system server 12a reduces the charge / discharge of the first storage system group, and the second group management system server 12b Start charging and discharging of the second storage system group.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the customer 16. The customer 16 is provided with a power system 30, a smart meter 32, a distribution board 34, a load 36, a storage system 40, and a power management system server 14, for example, an (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1. Further, the storage system 40 includes a storage battery (SB) 210, a DC / DC 212 for SB, a bi-directional DC / AC inverter 214, and a control device 216. Furthermore, a group management system server 12, for example, a second group management system server 12b is connected to the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 via the network 18. Although a solar cell system, a heat pump water heater, etc. may be installed in the customer 16, these are omitted here. Since the customer 16 of FIG. 2 includes the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1, this corresponds to the (N + 1) th customer 16n + 1 of FIG. 1, but the other customers 16 are similarly configured.

The power demand in the power system 30 fluctuates with the passage of time. The smart meter 32 is connected to the power system 30 and is a digital power meter. The smart meter 32 can measure the amount of power of the current flowing from the power system 30 and the amount of power of the reverse current flowing out of the power system 30. The smart meter 32 has a communication function and can communicate with the power management system server 14.

The distribution line 42 connects the smart meter 32 and the distribution board 34. The distribution board 34 is connected to the distribution line 42 and also connects the load 36. The distribution board 34 supplies power to the load 36. The load 36 is a device that consumes the power supplied via the distribution line 42. The load 36 includes equipment such as a refrigerator, an air conditioner, and lighting. Here, although one load 36 is connected to the distribution board 34, a plurality of loads 36 may be connected to the distribution board 34.

The SB 210 is a storage battery capable of charging and discharging electric power, and includes a lithium ion storage battery, a nickel hydrogen storage battery, a lead storage battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, and the like. The SB 210 is connected to the DC / DC 212 for SB. The SB DC / DC 212 is a DC-DC converter, and performs conversion between the DC power on the SB 210 side and the DC power on the bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214 side.

The bi-directional DC / AC inverter 214 is connected between the DC / DC 212 for SB and the distribution board 34. The bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214 converts AC power from the distribution board 34 into DC power, and outputs the converted DC power to the SB DC / DC 212. The bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214 converts the DC power from the SB DC / DC 212 into AC power, and outputs the converted AC power to the distribution board 34. That is, the SB 210 is charged and discharged by the bi-directional DC / AC inverter 214. The control of the bi-directional DC / AC inverter 214 is performed by the controller 216. Here, the SB 210, the SB DC / DC 212, the bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214, and the control device 216 may be stored in one case, and even in that case, this is referred to as a storage system 40.

The (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 is connected to the smart meter 32 and the storage system 40 via a network such as HAN, and can communicate therewith. In the following, the communication between the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 and the smart meter 32 will not be described. The (N + 1) th power management system server 14 n + 1 is also connected to the second group management system server 12 b via the network 18.

FIGS. 3 (a)-(b) show the operation for fluctuations in the power demand in the power system 30. FIG. FIG. 3A shows temporal changes in the power demand 700, the primary adjustment force 702, and the secondary adjustment force 704 when the primary adjustment force 702 is properly handed over to the secondary adjustment force 704. The horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows power. Here, it is assumed that power demand 700 increases at time “t0”. In response to the increase in power demand 700, the power from the primary coordination 702 also increases. This corresponds to an increase in the power discharged from the first storage system group. At time "t1" after time "t0", the power demand 700 becomes constant. On the other hand, the power by the primary adjustment power 702 continues to increase.

At time "t2" after time "t1", the power by the primary adjustment force 702 becomes constant. Here, the power by the primary adjustment power 702 is smaller than the power demand 700. From time “t3” after time “t2”, the power by the secondary adjustment force 704 increases. This corresponds to an increase in the power discharged from the second storage system group. From time “t4” after time “t3”, the power by the primary adjustment force 702 decreases. As a result, while the power by the primary adjustment power 702 decreases, the power by the secondary adjustment power 704 increases. At time “t5”, the power by the primary adjustment power 702 is 0, and the power by the secondary adjustment power 704 is the same as the power demand 700.

FIG. 3 (b) shows the change of the frequency (ideal time) 710 in the case of FIG. 3 (a). Here, the commercial power supply frequency which is a reference frequency is set to “50 Hz”. From time “t0” to time “t1”, although the power by the power demand 700 and the primary adjustment power 702 increases, the change rate of the increase is larger in the former, so the power shortage in the power system 30 is over time growing. When the power in the power system 30 runs short, the frequency in the power system 30 decreases, so the decrease in the frequency (ideal time) 710 from “50 Hz” increases from time “t0” to time “t1”. .

Since the power demand 700 becomes constant at time “t1” and the power by the primary adjustment power 702 also becomes constant at time “t2”, the frequency (ideal time) 710 is from time “t1” to time “t3” After increasing, it becomes constant although lower than "50 Hz". That is, the power reduction by the primary adjustment force 702 is suppressed. The power by the secondary adjustment force 704 increases from time “t3”, and the power by the primary adjustment force 702 decreases from time “t4”, so the frequency (ideal time) 710 at times “t3” to “t5”. Increases and recovers to "50 Hz".

FIGS. 4 (a)-(b) illustrate another operation for fluctuations in power demand in the power system 30. FIG. FIG. 4A shows temporal changes in the power demand 700, the primary adjustment force 702, and the secondary adjustment force 704 when the primary adjustment force 702 is not properly taken over from the secondary adjustment force 704. The change from time "t0" to time "t3" is the same as in FIG. 3 (a). From time “t4 ′” after time “t4” in FIG. 3A, the power by the primary adjustment force 702 decreases. That is, in FIG. 4A, the timing at which the power by the primary adjustment force 702 is reduced is delayed as compared with FIG. 3A. After time “t4 ′”, the power of the primary adjustment force 702 decreases while the power of the secondary adjustment force 704 increases.

FIG. 4B shows the change of the frequency (before control) 712 in the case of FIG. 4A. The frequency (ideal time) 710 of FIG. 3 (b) is also shown for comparison. From time “t0” to time “t4”, changes in the frequency (ideal time) 710 and the frequency (before control) 712 are the same. On the other hand, from time "t4" to time "t4 '", the frequency (before control) 712 rises above "50 Hz". Also, from time “t4 ′” to time “t4 ′ ′”, the frequency (before control) 712 decreases so as to fall below “50 Hz”. Furthermore, the frequency (before control) 712 rises again from time “t4 ′”. That is, if the primary adjustment force 702 is not properly taken over from the secondary adjustment force 704, the frequency (before control) 712 goes up and down across "50 Hz". This makes it difficult for the frequency (before control) 712 to converge to the commercial power supply frequency.

FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the first group management system server 12a, the second group management system server 12b, the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1, and the (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2. As described above, the first group management system server 12 a is the storage system 40 installed in each of the plurality of customers 16 and includes the first storage system group including the storage system 40 connected to the power system 30. Control. On the other hand, the second group management system server 12 b controls the second storage system group including the storage system 40 connected to the power system 30, which is the storage system 40 installed in each of the plurality of customers 16. . The first power storage system group and the second power storage system group are separately configured, and the first power storage system group responds to fluctuations in the power of the power system 30 earlier than the second power storage system group.

Here, as an example, as shown in FIG. 5, the case where the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 and the (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2 are connected to the second group management system server 12b is shown. The second group management system server 12 b includes a first communication unit 430, a second communication unit 434, an acquisition unit 440, and a determination unit 442. The second communication unit 434 includes a reception unit 420 and a transmission unit 422. The first communication unit 430 and the second communication unit 434 may be integrally configured. The (N + 1) th power management system server 14 n + 1 includes a service cooperation unit 300 and a control unit 302, and the service cooperation unit 300 includes a reception unit 510 and a transmission unit 512. The (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2 has the same configuration as the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1. In the following, the service cooperation unit 300 and the control unit 302 of the (N + 1) th power management system server 14 n + 1 may be simply referred to as “service cooperation unit 300” and “control unit 302” for the sake of clarity.

The upper system server 10 of FIG. 1 monitors the frequency of AC power in the power system 30. The frequency of the AC power is lower than the commercial power frequency when the power demand increases and the power is insufficient, and is higher than the commercial power frequency when the power demand decreases and the power becomes excessive. Therefore, when the frequency of the AC power in power system 30 becomes lower than the commercial power supply frequency, upper system server 10 determines to discharge to a storage system group including a plurality of storage systems 40 included in VPP system 100. On the other hand, when the frequency of the AC power in power system 30 becomes higher than the commercial power supply frequency, upper system server 10 determines to charge the storage system group. According to such determination of the upper system server 10, the first group management system server 12a controls the first power storage system group. As a result, operations such as the primary adjustment force 702 in FIGS. 3A and 4A are performed.

When controlling the first storage system group, the first group management system server 12a determines the maximum value of the power charged / discharged by the first storage system group. The maximum value of the power is the maximum value when charging and discharging in response to the power demand 700, and is set to be equal to or less than the maximum value of power that the first storage system group can charge and discharge. This corresponds to the maximum value of the power by the primary adjustment force 702 in FIGS. 3 (a) and 4 (a). Further, the first group management system server 12a determines the first time when the power charged / discharged in the first power storage system group is scheduled to decrease from the maximum value, and the first power storage system group charges / discharges from the first time. And the first change rate of the power to be generated. Since known techniques may be used for these determinations, the description is omitted here. The first group management system server 12a transmits the determined information to the second group management system server 12b as a first adjustment parameter.

6 (a)-(d) show the format of the message used in VPP system 100. FIG. As shown in FIG. 6A, in the message, fields of data are arranged following fields of message type. The message type field indicates the type of message, and the data field indicates data to be notified. FIG. 6 (b) shows the format of the message of the first adjustment force parameter. The message type field indicates a first adjustment force parameter, and the data field indicates a discharge or charge instruction, maximum value of power, a first time, and a first change rate. 6 (b)-(d) will be described later, and the process returns to FIG.

The first communication unit 430 of the second group management system server 12 b receives the message of the first adjustment power parameter from the first group management system server 12 a. The first communication unit 430 outputs a message of the first adjustment force parameter to the acquisition unit 440. The acquisition unit 440 acquires a discharge or charge instruction, the maximum value of power, the first time, and the first change ratio from the message of the first adjustment force parameter. The acquisition unit 440 outputs a discharge or charge instruction, the maximum value of power, the first time, and the first change ratio to the determination unit 442.

The determination unit 442 is configured to cause the second storage system group to start charging / discharging based on the maximum value of the power acquired by the acquiring unit 440, the first time, and the first change ratio, and A second change ratio of power charged / discharged to the second power storage system group from the second time is determined. Hereinafter, as the determination processing in the determination unit 442, (1) processing of fixing the second change rate and determining the second time, (2) processing of fixing the second time and determining the second change rate, (3) The process of determining the second time and the second change rate will be described in order.

(1) Processing of fixing the second change ratio and determining the second time Here, FIGS. 7A to 7D are used to explain the processing. FIGS. 7A to 7D show the process in the determination unit 442. FIG. FIG. 7A shows changes in the power demand 700, the primary adjustment power 702, and the secondary adjustment power 704 in the case of (1). The determination unit 442 receives the maximum value 750, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 for the primary adjustment power 702. From the maximum value 750, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754, the determination unit 442 calculates a third time 756 at which the power by the primary adjustment force 702 is zero. In addition, the determination unit 442 acquires a second change ratio 762 with respect to the secondary adjustment force 704. The second change ratio 762 is preset and stored in the determination unit 442. The determination unit 442 determines the output value 758 of the secondary adjustment force 704 at the third time 756.

Furthermore, the determination unit 442 calculates the time at which the point specified by the third time 756 and the output value 758 and the straight line specified by the second change ratio 762 have no power. The calculated time is the second time 760. That is, the determination unit 442 determines the second time 760 based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754 while fixing the second change rate 762. FIG. 7B shows the change of the frequency (after control) 714 in the case of FIG. 7A. For comparison, the frequency (ideal time) 710 and the frequency (before control) 712 described above are also shown. The frequency (after control) 714 converges to the commercial power supply frequency without rising and falling with “50 Hz” in comparison with the frequency (before control) 712.

(2) A process of fixing the second time and determining the second change rate FIG. 7C shows changes in the power demand 700, the primary adjustment force 702, and the secondary adjustment force 704 in the case of (2). . The determination unit 442 receives the maximum value 750, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 for the primary adjustment power 702. From the maximum value 750, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754, the determination unit 442 calculates a third time 756 at which the power by the primary adjustment force 702 is zero. In addition, the determination unit 442 acquires a second time 760 for the secondary adjustment force 704. The second time 760 is determined to be, for example, a predetermined time before the first time 752.

The determination unit 442 calculates a second change ratio 762 from the second time 760 to the third time 756 by solving the next minimization problem. The objective function is shown as follows.

This indicates that v ₁ ,..., V _n are calculated such that the total value of change rates at each time is minimized. Also, the constraint is shown as follows.

This indicates that when raising the frequency, the frequency f _t at time t is set to v _t such that the frequency f _t does not fall below the frequency f _t-1 at time t-1. Also, it is indicated that f _t is made equal to or lower than the commercial power supply frequency f _b so as not to overshoot.

n indicates the third time 756 to the second time 760, t indicates each time, and p _t indicates the time t obtained from the maximum value 750 of the primary adjustment power 702, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 The output value of the primary adjustment force 702 at Further, v _t indicates a second change rate 762, f _b indicates a commercial power supply frequency, f indicates a frequency, F indicates a function for calculating the frequency, and r indicates a maximum ramp rate of the secondary adjustment force 704 Indicates That is, the determination unit 442 determines the second change ratio 762 based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 while fixing the second time 760. FIG. 7D shows the change of the frequency (after control) 714 in the case of FIG. 7C. For comparison, the frequency (ideal time) 710 and the frequency (before control) 712 described above are also shown. The frequency (after control) 714 converges to the commercial power supply frequency without rising and falling with “50 Hz” in comparison with the frequency (before control) 712.

(3) Process of Determining Second Time and Second Change Rate The determination unit 442 derives a plurality of second time 760 candidates for the second time 760 based on the first time 752. For example, a plurality of second time 760 candidates are derived so as to be included in a predetermined period before the first time 752. In addition, the determination unit 442 derives the candidate of the second change ratio 762 for each of the plurality of second time 760 candidates. In the derivation of the second change ratio 762 candidate, it suffices to solve the above-described minimization problem, and thus the description thereof is omitted here. Furthermore, the determination unit 442 selects one of the plurality of second change rates 762 by selecting the second change rate 762 for which the objective function is the smallest at each second time 760 candidate. select. The selected one candidate for the second change rate 762 is determined as the second change rate 762 and the candidate for the second time 760 corresponding to the selected one second change rate 762 candidate is determined as the second time 760 Be done.

The determination unit 442 outputs the second time 760 and the second change ratio 762 to the transmission unit 422. The transmitting unit 422 transmits a message of the second adjustment power parameter including the discharge or charge instruction, the second time 760, and the second change ratio 762 to the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1 and the (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2 Do. FIG. 6C shows the format of the message of the second adjustment parameter, the second adjustment parameter is shown in the message type field, and the discharge or charge instruction in the data field, the second time 760, A second rate of change 762 is shown. The second change ratio 762 may be a value obtained by dividing the original second change ratio 762 by the number of power storage systems 40 included in the second power storage system group. FIG. 6D will be described later and returns to FIG. 5.

The receiver 510 of the (N + 1) -th power management system server 14n + 1 receives the message of the second adjustment power parameter from the second group management system server 12b. The receiving unit 510 outputs a message of the second adjustment force parameter to the control unit 302. The control unit 302 extracts a second time 760 and a second change ratio 762 from the message of the second adjustment force parameter. The control unit 302 causes the storage system 40 to start charging and discharging from the extracted second time 760. Further, the control unit 302 charges and discharges the storage system 40 from the second time 760 according to the extracted second change ratio 762. For example, the control unit 302 causes the control device 216 of the storage system 40 to start charging / discharging from the second time 760, and charging / discharging from the bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214 according to charging / discharging at the second change rate 762. To change the

Control device 216 changes charge / discharge from bidirectional DC / AC inverter 214 in accordance with an instruction from control unit 302. As a result, the SB 210 starts charging and discharging from the second time 760, and also charges and discharges from the second time 760 at the second change ratio 762. Here, the control unit 302 and the control device 216 determine discharge or charge according to the discharge or charge instruction.

When the control device 216 executes the process according to the instruction, the control device 216 reports the completion of the process to the control unit 302 of the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1. When the control unit 302 receives a report on the completion of the process, the transmission unit 512 outputs a response message including the report on the completion to the second group management system server 12b. FIG. 6D shows the format of the response message, the response is shown in the message type field, and the completion is shown in the data field. If there is a power storage system 40 whose processing according to the instruction is not complete, the data field may indicate that it is not complete. Return to FIG.

Since the (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2 also executes the same processing as the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1, the description is omitted here. The receiving unit 420 of the second group management system server 12b receives a response message from the (N + 1) th power management system server 14n + 1, and receives a response message from the (N + 2) th power management system server 14n + 2.

The subject matter of the apparatus, system or method in the present disclosure comprises a computer. The computer executes the program to implement the functions of the apparatus, system, or method in the present disclosure. The computer includes, as a main hardware configuration, a processor that operates according to a program. The processor may be of any type as long as the function can be realized by executing a program. The processor is configured of one or more electronic circuits including a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) or an LSI (Large Scale Integration). The plurality of electronic circuits may be integrated on one chip or may be provided on a plurality of chips. The plurality of chips may be integrated into one device or may be provided to a plurality of devices. The program is recorded in a non-transitory recording medium such as a computer readable ROM, an optical disc, a hard disk drive and the like. The program may be stored in advance in a recording medium, or may be supplied to the recording medium via a wide area communication network including the Internet and the like.

The operation of the VPP system 100 having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control procedure by the second group management system server 12b. The acquisition unit 440 acquires a parameter of the primary adjustment power (S10). The determination unit 442 calculates a third time 756 at which the output of the primary adjustment force 702 is 0 from the parameter (S12). The determination unit 442 acquires the second change ratio 762 (S14). The determination unit 442 determines the output value 758 at the third time 756 (S16). The determination unit 442 calculates the second time 760 from the third time 756, the second change rate 762, and the output value 758 (S18). The determination unit 442 outputs the parameter of the secondary adjustment force (S20).

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing another control procedure by the second group management system server 12b. The acquisition unit 440 acquires a parameter of the primary adjustment power (S50). The determination unit 442 calculates the third time 756 at which the output of the primary adjustment force 702 is 0 from the parameter (S52). The determination unit 442 acquires the second time 760 (S54). The determination unit 442 calculates a second change ratio 762 from the second time 760 to the third time 756 (S56). The determination unit 442 outputs the parameter of the secondary adjustment force (S58).

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing still another control procedure by the second group management system server 12b. The acquisition unit 440 acquires a parameter of the primary adjustment power (S100). The determination unit 442 extracts a candidate for the second time 760 (S102). The determination unit 442 calculates the candidate of the second change ratio 762 with respect to the candidate of the second time 760 (S104). If all the candidates for the second time 760 have not been processed (N in S106), the process returns to step S104. If all candidates for the second time 760 have been processed (Y in S106), the determination unit 442 determines the second time 760 and the second change ratio 762 (S108). The determination unit 442 outputs the parameter of the secondary adjustment force (S110).

So far, the second group management system server 12b has received the maximum value 750 of the power from the first group management system server 12a. On the other hand, the second group management system server 12b may obtain the maximum value 750 of the power itself. Below, the structure for that is demonstrated. FIG. 11 shows another configuration of the second group management system server 12b. The second group management system server 12 b includes a first communication unit 430, a second communication unit 434, an acquisition unit 440, a determination unit 442, and a frequency detection unit 444.

The first communication unit 430 receives a message of the first adjustment parameter from the first group management system server 12a. The first communication unit 430 outputs a message of the first adjustment force parameter to the acquisition unit 440. The first adjustment force parameter includes the discharge or charge instruction, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 as before, but does not include the maximum value 750 of the power. The acquisition unit 440 acquires a discharge or charge instruction, a first time 752, and a first change ratio 754 from the parameter of the first adjustment force.

The frequency detection unit 444 detects the frequency of the power system 30 or the difference in the frequency of the power system 30 with respect to the commercial power supply frequency. A known technique may be used for this detection, so the description is omitted here. The acquisition unit 440 stores in advance the correspondence between the frequency or difference detected by the frequency detection unit 444 and the maximum value 750 of the power. The acquisition unit 440 acquires the maximum value 750 of the power based on the frequency or the difference detected by the frequency detection unit 444 while referring to the correspondence relationship. The acquisition unit 440 outputs a discharge or charge instruction, the maximum value 750 of power, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 to the determination unit 442. The subsequent processing is the same as that described above, so the description is omitted here.

According to this embodiment, the maximum value 750 of the power by the first storage system group, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754 are acquired, and the second time 760 and the second change rate 762 in the second storage system group are obtained. And so that it is possible to properly take over the response to fluctuations in the power demand. Further, since the handover of the response to the fluctuation of the power demand is properly performed, the period until the frequency of the power system 30 becomes stable can be shortened by the handover. In addition, the difference in the frequency of the power system 30 with respect to the frequency of the power system 30 or the reference frequency is detected, and the maximum value 750 of the power is acquired from this. Thus, the first group management system server 12a to the second group management system server 12b It may be unnecessary to transmit a maximum of 750 of power to Further, since the maximum value 750 of the power is acquired from the first group management system server 12a, the process can be simplified. Further, since the first time 752 and the first change rate 754 are acquired from the first group management system server 12a, the process can be simplified.

In addition, since the first storage system group responds to fluctuations in the power of the electric power system 30 earlier than the second storage system group, the first storage system group is used as the primary adjustment power 702, and the second storage system group is used. It can be used as a secondary adjustment force 704. In addition, since the second time 760 is determined based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754 while fixing the second change rate 762, the second time 760 is determined. It can be easily determined. In addition, since the second change rate 762 is determined based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754 while fixing the second time 760, the second change rate 762 Can easily be determined. In addition, since the second change rate 762 candidate is derived for each of the plurality of second time 760 candidates, one of the plurality of second change rate 762 candidates is selected. 760 and the second change rate 762 can be determined with high accuracy.

In addition, since charge and discharge of power storage system 40 are controlled based on second time 760 and second change rate 762 received from second group management system server 12 b, handover of response to fluctuation of power system 30 is properly performed. It can be done. Further, in SB 210, charging and discharging are started from the second time 760, and charging and discharging are performed from the second time 760 at the second change ratio 762. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately take over the response to the fluctuation of the power system 30.

The outline of one aspect of the present disclosure is as follows. The second group management system server 12b according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a storage system 40 installed in each of a plurality of customers 16 and including a storage system 40 connected to the power system 30. It is the second group management system server 12b to control, and the maximum value 750 of the power with which the power source other than the storage system group is charged and discharged, and the power charged and discharged in the power source is scheduled to decrease from the maximum value 750 An acquisition unit 440 that acquires a first time 752 and a first change ratio 754 of power that the power source charges and discharges from the first time 752, a maximum value 750 of the power acquired in the acquisition unit 440, and a first time 752 And the first change rate 754, the second time 760 scheduled to cause the storage system group to start charging / discharging, and the power to be charged / discharged to the storage system group from the second time 760 Comprising a determining unit 442 for determining a second change ratio 762, a.

It may further include a frequency detection unit 444 that detects the frequency of the power system 30 or the difference in frequency of the power system 30 with respect to the reference frequency. The acquisition unit 440 acquires the maximum value 750 of the power based on the frequency or the difference detected by the frequency detection unit 444.

The power source is another storage system group different from the storage system group, and the acquisition unit 440 is another first group management system server 12a that controls another storage system group, or a plurality of group management system servers 12 The maximum power value 750 is acquired from the upper system server 10 that manages the

The power source is another storage system group different from the storage system group, and the acquisition unit 440 is another first group management system server 12a that controls another storage system group, or a plurality of group management system servers 12 The first time 752 and the first change rate 754 are acquired from the upper system server 10 that manages the

The power source responds to the power fluctuation of the power system 30 prior to the storage system group.

The determination unit 442 determines the second time 760 based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change rate 754 while fixing the second change rate 762.

The determination unit 442 determines the second change ratio 762 based on the maximum value 750 of the power, the first time 752, and the first change ratio 754 while fixing the second time 760.

The determination unit 442 derives the candidate for the second change ratio 762 for each of the plurality of second time 760 candidates, and then selects one of the plurality of second change ratio 762 candidates. The candidate of one selected second change rate 762 is determined as the second change rate 762 and the candidate of the second time 760 corresponding to the selected candidate of the second change rate 762 is determined as the second time 760 Do.

The power management system server 14 connected to the second group management system server 12 b and controlling the power storage system 40 installed in the customer 16, comprising the second group management system server 12 b to the second time 760 and the second change ratio 762 and from the second time 760 received by the receiving unit 510, and causes the storage system 40 to start charging and discharging, and from the second time 760 according to the second change ratio 762 received by the receiving unit 510. The controller 302 may charge and discharge the storage system 40.

The storage system 40 controlled by the power management system server 14 may include the SB 210 that starts charging and discharging from the second time 760 and that charges and discharges at the second change ratio 762 from the second time 760.

The present disclosure has been described above based on the examples. It is understood by those skilled in the art that this embodiment is an exemplification, and that various modifications can be made to their respective components or combinations of processing processes, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present disclosure. .

In the present embodiment, the primary adjustment power 702 is provided by the control of the first storage system group by the first group management system server 12a. However, not limited to this, for example, the primary adjustment force 702 may be provided by another power source. One example of another power source is thermal power. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of the configuration can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the acquisition unit 440 of the second group management system server 12b acquires information included in the first adjustment power parameter from the first group management system server 12a. However, the invention is not limited to this. For example, the acquisition unit 440 of the second group management system server 12 b may acquire information included in the first adjustment power parameter from the higher system server 10. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of the configuration can be improved.

In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the power management system server 14 is disposed at the customer 16. However, the arrangement of the power management system server 14 is not limited to this. The power management system server 14 may be disposed outside the customer 16, only the control unit 302 may be disposed in the customer 16, and the service linkage unit 300 may be disposed outside the customer 16. The service cooperation unit 300 and the control unit 302 may be called a power control device. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of the configuration can be improved.

10 upper system server (upper system), 12 group management system server (group management system), 14 power management system server (power control device), 16 customers, 18 networks, 30 power grids, 32 smart meters, 34 distribution board , 36 loads, 40 storage systems, 42 distribution lines, 100 VPP systems, 210 SB (storage batteries), 212 SB DC / DC, 214 bidirectional DC / AC inverters, 216 control devices, 300 service cooperation units, 302 control units ( Power control device), 420 reception unit, 422 transmission unit, 430 first communication unit, 434 second communication unit, 440 acquisition unit, 442 determination unit, 510 reception unit, 512 transmission unit.

Claims

A storage system installed in each of a plurality of consumers, and a group management system for controlling a storage system group including a storage system connected to an electric power system,
The maximum value of the power charged / discharged by a power source different from the storage system group, the first time when the power charged / discharged in the power source is scheduled to decrease from the maximum, and the power source from the first time An acquisition unit that acquires a first change rate of power that the battery charges and discharges;
The second time at which the storage system group is scheduled to start charging / discharging based on the maximum value of the power acquired by the acquisition unit, the first time, and the first change ratio, and the second time A determination unit that determines a second change ratio of power charged / discharged to the storage system group from time of day;
, A group management system.
The power system further includes a frequency detection unit that detects the frequency of the power system or the difference in frequency of the power system with respect to a reference frequency,
The acquisition unit acquires the maximum value of the power based on the frequency or the difference detected by the frequency detection unit.
The group management system according to claim 1.
The power source is another power storage system group different from the power storage system group,
The acquisition unit acquires the maximum value of the power from another group management system that controls the other storage system group or a higher system that manages a plurality of group management systems.
The group management system according to claim 1.
The power source is another power storage system group different from the power storage system group,
The acquisition unit acquires the first time and the first change ratio from another group management system that controls the other power storage system group or a higher system that manages a plurality of group management systems.
The group management system according to claim 1.
The power source responds to fluctuations in power of the power system prior to the storage system group.
The group management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The determination unit determines the second time based on the maximum value of the power, the first time, and the first change rate while fixing the second change rate.
The group management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The determination unit determines the second change ratio based on the maximum value of the power, the first time, and the first change ratio while fixing the second time.
The group management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The determination unit is selected by deriving one of the plurality of second change ratio candidates after deriving the second change ratio candidate for each of the plurality of second time candidates. While determining one second change rate candidate as the second change rate, a second time candidate corresponding to the selected one second change rate candidate is determined as the second time.
The group management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A power control apparatus connected to the group management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for controlling a power storage system installed in a consumer, comprising:
A receiving unit that receives the second time and the second change rate from the group management system;
A control unit that causes the storage system to start charging and discharging from the second time received by the receiving unit, and to charge and discharge the storage system from the second time according to the second change ratio received by the receiving unit; ,
Power control device comprising:
A power storage system controlled by the power control apparatus according to claim 9,
While starting charging / discharging from 2nd time, the storage battery charged / discharged by the 2nd change rate from said 2nd time is provided,
Power storage system.