WO2019115677A1 - Film composite de construction - Google Patents

Film composite de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019115677A1
WO2019115677A1 PCT/EP2018/084715 EP2018084715W WO2019115677A1 WO 2019115677 A1 WO2019115677 A1 WO 2019115677A1 EP 2018084715 W EP2018084715 W EP 2018084715W WO 2019115677 A1 WO2019115677 A1 WO 2019115677A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
multilayer film
film
composite
composite film
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/084715
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carsten Harfmann
Rüdiger Laur
Thomas Bachon
Original Assignee
Ewald Dörken Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ewald Dörken Ag filed Critical Ewald Dörken Ag
Priority to EP18822039.6A priority Critical patent/EP3710250A1/fr
Publication of WO2019115677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019115677A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D06N3/145—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes two or more layers of polyurethanes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/625—Sheets or foils allowing passage of water vapor but impervious to liquid water; house wraps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • D06N2213/00—Others characteristics
    • D06N2213/03—Fibrous web coated on one side with at least two layers of the same polymer type, e.g. two coatings of polyolefin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of Bauverbundfolien.
  • the invention relates to a composite film having a multilayer structure.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a composite film in the construction sector and to produce an airtight layer in the construction sector.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a composite film according to the invention.
  • Façade and roof constructions are increasingly being protected against the ingress of moisture by diffusion-open composite foils.
  • Such composite films are usually designed as a roof underlay, underlay or façade and waterproof, but permeable to water vapor, so that liquid water can not penetrate from the outside into the construction, but in the interior of collecting moisture can be discharged as water vapor to the environment.
  • Diffusion-open multilayer composite films are usually constructed from a diffusely open functional layer in the form of a plastic membrane and a reinforcing nonwoven or woven fabric.
  • the composite generally has a two- to four-layer structure, with two- and three-layer variants being more widespread than four-layered.
  • the membrane is applied to a carrier layer in the form of a nonwoven or a fabric on one side, while in a three-layer composite the membrane is usually applied to the top and bottom of the substrate or the top and bottom of the membrane respectively is acted upon by a carrier layer.
  • four-ply composites several support layers or reinforcing fabrics are frequently used, so that four-ply composites are generally used only for special applications for which particularly durable composite films are required.
  • diffusion-open multi-layer composite films that they have a water vapor diffusion-open functional layer, which is formed by a microporous membrane or a monolithic membrane.
  • Microporous membranes usually consist of a film of a hydrophobic polymer, such as, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene, which has small pores, so-called micropores.
  • a hydrophobic polymer such as, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene
  • micropores small pores
  • Knudsendiffusion so-called Knudsendiffusion
  • a disadvantage of the use of microporous membranes is that at a changed surface tension of the water, for example by impurities, the maximum water column, up to which a protection against the passage of liquid water is ensured, also changed. Under unfavorable conditions, in particular in the presence of wetting agents, such as, for example, surfactants, the water column approaches zero, meaning that there is no longer any protection against liquid water. Monolithic membranes do not show this problematic behavior because they have no pores. The transport of water vapor through the monolithic membranes takes place according to a completely different four-stage mechanism:
  • the transport of water molecules through the membrane is a concentration gradient of the water between the surfaces of the membrane, so that the water molecules migrate from the higher concentrated side to the lower concentrated side.
  • Monolithic membranes are used in the construction sector in particular for the production of two-ply composite films - comprising a carrier layer, in particular a Fleece, and a functional layer applied thereto, in the form of the monolithic membrane - used.
  • the monolithic membrane usually consists of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyether ester elastomers or polyamides.
  • the films are used in the shelf such that the functional layer, i. H. the monolithic membrane exposed to weathering.
  • the film has the task of protecting the underlying construction, in particular a façade or a roof construction, from moisture, for example by condensate beneath a roof covering, driving snow and dirt.
  • the membrane is not attacked or destroyed by external mechanical influences or by extensive outdoor weathering, extreme temperatures, microorganisms, hydrolysis or corrosion-causing media.
  • the outdoor exposure time is limited to a maximum of 12 weeks
  • the water is not by specific solvents, wetting agents, wood preservatives, strong oxidizing liquids, such as. B. used for mold control, acids or alkalis is contaminated and,
  • Abrasion, UV irradiation, heat or water entry into the roof construction is moderate.
  • Monolithic membranes for composite laminates should therefore be as insensitive as possible to natural weathering, chemicals and mechanical damage. Furthermore, they should have fire class E according to EN 13501-1, ie they should have a flame-retardant effect in order to be used in buildings without any problems. It would be particularly desirable in this connection if the polymer material of the membrane already inherently exhibits flame-retardant properties. In this case, cost-intensive flame retardants can be dispensed with, which are generally problematic in terms of environmental and health protection.
  • thermoplastic see polyurethanes, which have a variety of positive properties.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes form monolithic, vapor-permeable membranes.
  • the large number of known and technically used thermoplastic polyurethanes is mechanically resistant and inherently has flame retardant properties.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes show only insufficient weathering behavior or are extremely expensive to manufacture.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane are known, but exclusively in the area of hygiene and food.
  • EP 0 800 916 A2 or EP 0 603 680 A2 describe multilayer films based on thermoplastic polyurethanes which are to be used in the food sector. For the construction sector, however, such films are not suitable.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned problems and disadvantages associated with the prior art, but at least to mitigate them.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide a composite film which inherently has flame retardant properties.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a composite film which has an increased resistance to chemicals and is inexpensive to produce.
  • the present invention according to a first aspect of the present invention is a composite film according to claim 1; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.
  • Another object of the present invention according to a second aspect of the present invention is the use of a composite film according to claim 17.
  • Yet another article according to a third aspect of the present invention is the use of a composite film according to claim 18.
  • Another object of the present invention according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a composite film according to claim 19. It goes without saying that the following special designs, in particular special embodiments or the like, which in connection with one aspect of the invention also apply with respect to the other aspects of the invention, without this requiring any explicit mention.
  • the subject matter of the present invention - according to one aspect of the present invention - is thus a composite film, in particular a composite construction film, having a multilayer structure, wherein the composite film comprises:
  • thermoplastic polyurethane B
  • the composite film according to the invention is therefore a multilayer composite which has completely new properties in particular through the use of a multilayer film whose individual layers each contain or consist of thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the composite film according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to produce composite construction films, in particular facade membranes, underlay membranes and undercounter membranes, which are mechanically resistant, stable against hydrolysis and resistant to chemicals.
  • the water vapor permeability of the multilayer film d. H.
  • the total of the second layer of the composite and thus the composite film can be specifically adjusted.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes as an outer layer, ie as a layer which is exposed to the weather.
  • particularly weather-resistant and UV-resistant polyurethanes for example polyurethane of the carbonate type, are very cost-intensive, which is why their application has not been widely implemented, in particular in composite construction films, but is restricted to a few special applications.
  • the composite film according to the invention it is possible to produce only a thin cover layer of the particularly weather-resistant and UV-resistant polyurethanes and to arrange below a layer of a clearly lower-priced material.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes with different hardnesses can moreover ensure that, in particular when applying the multilayer film from the melt to the carrier material, for example by coextrusion, it prevents parts of the carrier material, in particular filament fibers when using nonwovens, from being monolithic Penetrate membrane or damage or weaken it.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane acts as a compound or adhesive layer and allows an intimate bond of the individual materials.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes it is also possible to produce cost-effective composite films which not only have a special mechanical resistance, but moreover also have flame-retardant properties.
  • the chemical resistance of the resulting composite film can be adjusted in a targeted manner.
  • a layer or a layer is to be understood as meaning a virtually two-dimensional planar structure.
  • Such fabrics are usually formed in a web shape and thus have only two Surfaces, ie the layer thickness of the respective layer, layer or web, is negligible compared to the areal extent.
  • aromatic thermoplastic polyurethanes of the ether type of the polyester type and of the polyester-ether type, also called ester-ether type, have conventionally been used.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane is to be understood as meaning a thermoplastic elastomer which is formed from polyurethane.
  • thermoplastic elastomers are plastics that exhibit elastomeric behavior at room temperature, but exhibit thermoplastic behavior when heat is applied.
  • a particular advantage of thermoplastic elastomers is that, compared to pure elastomers, they can be reversibly converted at any time by the influence of heat.
  • Thermoplastic polyurethanes are polyurethanes which have a hard segment and a soft segment, the soft segment usually being formed by an oligomeric or polymeric polyol and the hard segment being formed from a diisocyanate which has short chain diols as chain extender.
  • chain extenders in particular short-chain bifunctional substances, in particular diol, are used whose molecular weight is usually between 18 and 350 g / mol. Preference is given to using short-chain diols as chain extenders.
  • the chain extenders are dihydric alcohols, in particular selected from the group of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1 , 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and higher oligoethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol and higher oligopropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, higher oligoethylene glycols and mixtures thereof.
  • an aliphatic or an aromatic polyurethane is to be understood as meaning a polyurethane whose hard segment contains aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates or is obtained from these by reaction with the chain extenders.
  • the aromatic diisocyanates are preferably TDI (toluene 2,4-diisocyanate), NDI (naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate), MDI (methylene di (phenyl isocyanate), PDI (polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate) or mixtures thereof.
  • Aliphatic diisocyanates are preferably selected from H12MDI (1-isocyanato-4 - [(4-isocyanotocyclohexyl) methyl] cyclohexane), HDI (1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate), IPDI (3-isocyanate-methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate) , TMXDI (tetramethylxylydiisocyanate) and CHDI (1, 4-Cylcohexyldiisocyanat) and their mixtures.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of the ether type or of an ether TPU is to be understood as meaning a thermoplastic polyurethane whose soft segment is made up of polyethers.
  • polyethers are preferably obtainable from polyether alcohols, in particular with the hydroxy functionality 2, ie from diols.
  • the polyether alcohols are usually by polymerization of short-chain precursors, in particular for example by anionic polymerization with alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali metal alcoholates, such as sodium, sodium or potassium or potassium isoproyl as catalysts or by cationic polymerization with Lewis acids, such as antimony pentachloride, boron etherate, as catalysts of one or more alkylene oxides or cyclic ethers having preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
  • alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium, sodium or potassium or potassium isoproyl
  • Lewis acids such as antimony pentachloride, boron etherate
  • Particularly suitable compounds for the polymerization are, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-propylene oxide, 1, 2- and 2,3-butylene oxide, 1, 4-butylene oxide, ethylene oxide and 1, 2-propylene oxide.
  • the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately or as a mixture in the polymerization.
  • the thermoplastic ether polyurethanes are subdivided, with C2 ether polyurethanes, C3 ether polyurethanes and C4 ether polyurethanes being the most widespread.
  • C2-ether polyurethanes are obtainable, for example, by polymerization of ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- and 2,3-butylene oxide.
  • C3 ether polyurethanes are obtainable, for example, by polymerization of 1,3-propylene oxide.
  • C4 ether polyurethanes are obtainable by polymerization of 1,4-butylene oxide.
  • a thermoplastic polyurethane of the polyester type or of a polyester TPU is to be understood as meaning a thermoplastic polyurethane whose soft segment is formed from polyester polyols, in particular polyester diols.
  • an ether-ester-type thermoplastic polyurethane or an ether-ester TPU is a polyurethane whose soft segment is formed from polyethers or oligoethers and polyesters.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of the carbonate type or a carbonate TPU is formed by a polyol, in particular diol, which has a structural element of a carbonic acid diester.
  • a large number of thermoplastic polyurethanes are used, which in combination have the following properties in each case.
  • Aromatic ester TPUs and aromatic ether-ester TPUs are sensitive to hydrolysis and have only moderate weathering properties. However, they have an inherently flame-retardant effect as well as good mechanical properties such. As a low tear resistance and high abrasion resistance.
  • Aromatic C4 ether TPUs also have moderate weathering properties, but are not susceptible to hydrolysis and inherently have flame retardant properties. Aromatic C4 ether TPUs are commonly found in roofing membranes.
  • Aromatic C2 and / or C3 ether TPUs are the least expensive thermoplastic polyurethanes. They are not susceptible to hydrolysis and inherently have a flame retardant effect. However, the weathering properties are not satisfactory, so that construction films for outdoor applications are generally not formed on the basis of C2 or C3 ether TPUs.
  • Aromatic carbonate TPUs have an excellent inherent flame retardant effect and very good weathering stability, and are also highly resistant to hydrolysis and heat storage. However, they are aromatic Carbonate TPUs are costly to manufacture, which is why they are only used occasionally in special applications.
  • aliphatic TPUs have excellent weathering resistance and do not yellow under the influence of light. However, they have no inherent flame retardant effect, have a high tendency to swell on absorption of water and are also extremely expensive. Due to these disadvantages, aliphatic TPUs in the construction sector are almost not used.
  • the material properties of the abovementioned thermoplastic polyurethanes can be supplemented such that the advantages of the individual thermoplastic polyurethanes are maintained and even complement each other, while specifically compensating for disadvantages. you can.
  • the layers of the multilayer film are often also characterized by the layer structures AB, ABC or ABA, where in this case A usually the first layer containing a thermoplastic polyurethane and B denotes the second layer containing a thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the layer C is then usually a third layer made of a thermoplastic polyurethane whose thermoplastic polyurethane differs from the layer B and either corresponds to the layer A, so that the layer sequence ABA results as a special case of the layer structure ABC, or a third thermoplastic - represents beautiful polyurethane, so that there is a layer sequence ABC with three layers of different thermoplastic polyurethanes.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane is selected from aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes of the ether type, the polyester type, the ether polyester type and the carbonate type. Particularly good results are obtained in this context when the thermoplastic polyurethane is selected from aromatic polyurethanes of the ether type, the polyester type, the ether polyester type and the carbonate type.
  • aromatic polyurethanes waterproof but permeable monolithic membranes can be provided which have outstanding weathering properties, are mechanically resistant and resistant to chemicals and have a flame retardant effect and are inexpensive to access.
  • the ether-type polyurethane is usually selected from C2 to C4 ether TPUs, especially C2 and / or C3 ether TPUs or C4 Ether TPUs.
  • first and the second layer of the multilayer film in particular the first layer A and the second layer B, contain different thermoplastic polyurethanes.
  • different thermoplastic polyurethanes are understood to mean that the layers have different polyurethane polymers and / or that the layers have different proportions of additives and fillers or different additives and fillers, so that the layers of the multilayer film have their chemical properties and / or physical properties.
  • the material properties of the resulting multilayer film in particular a monolithic film based on thermoplastic polyurethanes, can be adapted specifically to the respective application properties.
  • the adjustment of the material properties of the individual layer of the multilayer film takes place by selecting the thermoplastic polyurethanes and / or by adding additives.
  • different material properties can also be obtained by adding identical thermoplastic polyurethanes with different amounts of additives, for example fillers or stabilizers.
  • the first and second layers of the multilayer film are made of thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • a "consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane" refers in particular solely to the polymer component of the respective layer of the multilayer film, d. H.
  • the individual layers of the multilayer films may contain, in addition to the thermoplastic polymer in the form of a thermoplastic polyurethane, additives or fillers.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes in different Layers of a multilayer film possible - as already shown above - to tailor the properties of a multilayer film based on thermoplastic polyurethanes on the respective application and to improve significantly compared to thermoplastic films of individual thermoplastic polyurethanes or other polymers.
  • the present invention thus relates to a composite film, in particular composite film, as described above, having a multilayer structure, the composite film comprising:
  • thermoplastic polyurethane A) a first layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane B
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of the first layer A and the thermoplastic polyurethane of the second layer B are different thermoplastic polyurethanes.
  • the multilayer film is obtained by co-extrusion, in particular by multi-layer coextrusion.
  • coextrusion in particular multi-layer coextrusion or multilayer coextrusion, a particularly close bond is achieved between the individual layers of the multilayer film which, for example, is free of air inclusions and can not be delaminated without destroying the film.
  • no adhesive layers are needed, so that only the material properties of the two layers of thermoplastic polyurethane or the layers containing the thermoplastic polyurethane, the properties of the resulting composite material, namely the multilayer film determine.
  • the multilayer film is arranged on at least one surface of the carrier material, in particular applied to at least one surface of the carrier material, in particular by lamination, calendering or by extrusion.
  • the multilayer film is applied to the carrier material by coextrusion, in particular by multi-layer coextrusion.
  • the application of the multilayer film by coextrusion onto the carrier material allows excellent adhesion of the film to the carrier material and the risk of delamination is markedly reduced compared with the use of adhesives.
  • the multilayer film is applied directly or indirectly to the carrier material.
  • An indirect application of the multilayer film to the carrier material is to be understood as meaning that at least one further layer is provided between the multilayer film and the carrier material.
  • the multilayer film is applied directly to the carrier material, ie without further, intermediate layers.
  • the composite film is waterproof and / or water vapor permeable, and it is particularly preferred if the composite film is waterproof and water vapor permeable.
  • a waterproof composite film is to be understood as meaning a film which has a water-tightness in accordance with DIN EN 2081 1: 1992 of more than 2,000 mm, in particular more than 10,000 mm, of water.
  • a film permeable to water vapor is to be understood as meaning a film which has a Sd value according to DIN EN 13859-1 of less than 2 m. The Sd value corresponds to the water vapor equivalent air layer thickness.
  • the composite film is therefore both highly watertight and permeable to water vapor, so that on the one hand liquid water, in particular rain or melting snow, is prevented from penetrating into a building structure, but on the other hand moisture can diffuse from the interior through the composite foil and be discharged to the environment.
  • the composite film is airtight.
  • the composite film is preferably provided for the composite film to be used for producing an air-tight layer in buildings, in particular, for example, in the manufacture or renovation of roofs.
  • the term "hydrolysis-stable" with regard to a film means that the elongation at break of the film after storage for more than 12 weeks at 70 ° C. and 90% atmospheric humidity is at least 80% of the initial value.
  • the multilayer film is waterproof and / or water vapor permeable.
  • the multilayer film has a water resistance according to DIN EN 2081 1: 1992 of more than 2,000 mm, in particular more than 10,000 mm, preferably more than 25,000 mm.
  • the multilayer film has a water-tightness according to DIN EN 2081 1: 1992 of 2,000 to 25,000 mm, in particular 5,000 to 20,000 mm, preferably 10,000 to 15,000 mm.
  • the multilayer film used in the context of the present invention thus has a high watertightness.
  • the multilayer film preferably has an Sd value according to DIN EN ISO 12572 of less than 2 m, in particular less than 0.5 m, preferably less than 0.3 m less than 0.2 m.
  • the multilayer film preferably has a high water vapor permeability.
  • the multilayer film is airtight.
  • the multilayer film has an air permeability according to DIN EN 121 14 at 50 Pa pressure difference of less than 0.1 m 3 / (m 2 h), in particular 0.01 m 3 / (m 2 h), preferably 0.005 m 3 / (m 2 h), preferably 0.001 m 3 / (m 2 h).
  • Films with the aforementioned air permeability can be used for the production of air-tight layers in buildings, especially in roof structures.
  • the multilayer film has both the aforementioned water tightness and water vapor permeabilities as well as the aforementioned air permeabilities. Likewise, it is preferred in the context of the present invention if the multilayer film is stable to hydrolysis.
  • At least one layer of the multilayer film is formed as a monolithic layer.
  • both the first and the second layer of the multilayer film in particular all layers which contain or consist of a thermoplastic polyurethane, are formed as a monolithic layer.
  • the use of monolithic layers in the multilayer film makes it possible to obtain a multilayer film in the form of a monolithic membrane, which has high water and air tightness but, on the other hand, is permeable to water vapor.
  • at least the position of the multilayer film which the Weathering is exposed should therefore be designed as a monolithic membrane.
  • the entire multilayer film, ie all layers is formed as a monolithic membrane, since in this way improved water transport through the membrane is achieved.
  • the multilayer film has a basis weight of 10 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular 20 to 100 g / m 2 , preferably 30 to 80 g / m 2 .
  • particularly good results are obtained when the first layer and the second layer of the multilayer film differ in their chemical and physical properties. In this way, it is possible, in particular, to set a concentration gradient for water within the multilayer film, thereby requiring water transport from the inside of the multilayer film intended for use to the outside, thus enabling faster transport of water vapor from a building structure into the environment, and On the other hand, diffusing water into the building is made more difficult.
  • At least one layer, in particular the layer arranged closer to the carrier material, preferably the layer applied directly to the carrier material, of the multilayer film has a hardness of less than 90 Shore A, in particular smaller 85 Shore A, preferably less than 80 Shore A, has.
  • the layer, which is preferably arranged closer to the carrier material, preferably applied directly to the carrier material is in particular the above-described first layer or layer A of the multilayer film.
  • This soft layer of the multilayer film preferably consists of an ether type aromatic thermoplastic polyurethane, in particular an aromatic C4 ether TPU, or an ester type aromatic thermoplastic polyurethane and / or ether-ester type.
  • relatively soft polyurethanes as a layer which is directly bonded to the carrier material, it is achieved that a particularly intimate bond between carrier material and the layer, in particular first layer, preferably layer A, of the multilayer film is achieved
  • fibers or filaments of the carrier material are wetted and enclosed particularly well by this soft layer of the multilayer film.
  • at least one layer, in particular the layer of the multilayer film further away from the carrier material has a hardness greater than 80 Shore A, in particular greater than 85 Shore A, preferably greater than 90 Shore A.
  • This layer is preferably the second layer, in particular the layer B, of the multilayer film which is either exposed directly to weathering or, for example, another layer, in particular a middle layer in layer structures of the ABC or ABA type forms multilayer film.
  • the layer with a relatively high hardness protects the multilayer film from damage and also prevents, for example, fibers or filaments of the carrier material from penetrating the multilayer film and thus weakening or destroying the structure of the film as a whole.
  • the material for the harder position of the multilayer film is preferably, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, an aromatic polyurethane of the carbonate type.
  • the layer arranged closer to the carrier material preferably the layer applied directly to the carrier material, impart a lower Shore A hardness to the multilayer film than the layer further away from the carrier material. Nete has the multilayer film. In this way it can be prevented that when the multilayer film is applied to the carrier material, in particular by coextrusion, the carrier material punctures the multilayer film.
  • first and the second layer of the multilayer film are arranged directly on one another.
  • first and second layers of the multilayer film are preferably made by melt coextrusion to form a composite material.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane comprises at least one additive, in particular at least one stabilizer.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane has an additive, in particular a stabilizer
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane has the additive, in particular the stabilizer, in amounts of 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight. -%, In particular 1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the thermoplastic polyurethane on.
  • the additive, in particular the stabilizer is selected from UV absorbers, UV quenchers, radical scavengers and hydroperoxide decomposers.
  • the position of the multilayer film provided as outer layer in the application case has a higher proportion of additives, in particular of stabilizers, than the further layers of the multilayer film.
  • the layer of the multilayer film provided as the outer layer has a higher proportion of additives, in particular stabilizers, since in particular the layer of the multilayered sheet provided as the outer layer Film is exposed to weathering and UV radiation and thus protects the entire composite against weathering.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of the layer of the multilayer film provided as outer layer in the application case contains the additive, in particular the stabilizer, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 8% by weight .-%, in particular 2 to 6 wt .-%, based on the thermoplastic polyurethane having.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of a not provided in the application as an outer layer layer of the multilayer film the additive, in particular the stabilizer, in amounts of 0.05 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. -%, In particular 1 to 3 wt .-%, based on the thermoplastic polyurethane having.
  • the carrier material of the first layer it has proven useful if the layer of the carrier material is formed from a nonwoven, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric, in particular a nonwoven.
  • a nonwoven is used and the nonwoven fabric is a needle- or wet-jet-bonded nonwoven, a polyolefin nonwoven, in particular a polyethylene nonwoven or a polypropylene nonwoven, a polyester nonwoven, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven, a natural fiber fleece, a polyamide fleece, a bicomponent fleece or a PLA fleece, preferably a polyamide nonwoven, is.
  • a PLA nonwoven is to be understood as meaning a nonwoven based on polylactide.
  • the composite film has the following layer structure:
  • thermoplastic polyurethane A) a first layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane B) a second layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the second layer is applied to at least one surface of the first layer and the first layer of the second layer is applied directly to the first layer.
  • the multilayer film is applied directly to the carrier material and the first and the second layer of the multilayer film are in direct contact with one another, in particular by coextrusion.
  • the multilayer film is a two-ply film.
  • the multilayer film is a two-ply film, it has proven useful if the multilayer film has a layer structure AB, where A and B correspond to the previously described first and second ply of the multilayer film.
  • the layer A is applied directly to the carrier material of the carrier layer.
  • the proportion of layer A in a two-ply layer structure of the multilayer film is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, based on the multilayer film.
  • the weight fraction of the layer A in a two-ply training of multi-layered film 50 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 65 to 80 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the multilayer film is.
  • the composite film is constructed as follows:
  • the support material is a polyester fleece, in particular with a WET weight of 50 to 200 g / m 2 , preferably from 50 to 180 g / m 2 , preferably 80 to 130 g / m 2 , consisting of filament fibers used.
  • Layer A is preferably aromatic C2- and / or C3-ether TPU
  • layer B is an aromatic TPU of the carbonate type, which is preferably opaque colored.
  • the carrier material described above is used and coated with the multilayer film having the structure AB by coextrusion, preferably with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2 .
  • Layer A of the multilayer film consists of an aromatic C4 ether TPU and layer B of an aromatic TPU of the carbonate type. Layer A is in turn applied directly to the carrier material.
  • a layer structure AB of thermoplastic polyurethane preferably with a weight per unit area of 70 g / m 2 , is applied to the carrier material described above by means of coextrusion.
  • Layer A is an aromatic ether-ester type TPU
  • layer B is an aromatic TPU of the carbonate type. Layer A is in turn applied directly to the carrier material.
  • the carrier material described above is coated in an extrusion process with a two-ply thermoplastic polyurethane film, preferably with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2 .
  • Layer A which is applied directly to the support material, consists of an aromatic C2- and / or C3-ether TPU and layer B of an aliphatic TPU, in particular special from an aliphatic ether TPU.
  • the proportion by weight of layer A, ie the aromatic C2 and / or C3 ether TPU amounts to at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the multilayer film.
  • the proportion of aromatic C2- and / or C3-ether TPU, based on the total weight of the multilayer film is 50 to 95% by weight, preferably 65 to 80% by weight, based on a total weight of the multilayer film.
  • the two-ply film consists of a layer A of an aromatic TPU of the carbonate type.
  • both sides of the first layer are coated with the multilayer film.
  • the outer layer, in particular layer B, of the multilayer film melts at low temperatures or is dissolved by swelling agents to a greater extent than the layer applied directly to the nonwoven, in particular layer A, of the multilayer film.
  • the composite film comprises:
  • thermoplastic polyurethane A) a first layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane B) a second layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane C) a third layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the multilayer film according to this embodiment of the present invention preferably consists of three layers, wherein all three layers consist of thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the third layer of the multilayer film has the same thermoplastic polyurethane as the first layer.
  • the composite film has the following layer structure:
  • thermoplastic polyurethane A) a first layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane B) a second layer of a thermoplastic polyurethane
  • thermoplastic polyurethane of the third layer corresponds to the thermoplastic polyurethane of the first layer, so that the multilayer film has a layer structure ABA.
  • layer structure ABA the layer A of the multilayer film provided as the outer layer does not have to have the same content of additives as the layer A of the multilayer film bonded to the carrier material.
  • the middle layer, in particular the second layer, preferably the layer B, of the multilayer film may have a filler, in particular a mineral filler.
  • the middle layer, in particular the second layer, preferably the layer B of the multilayer film has a filler
  • the middle layer, in particular the second layer, preferably the layer B, of the multilayer film contains the filler in amounts of 0.5 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 15 wt .-%, based on the position.
  • the filler is usually selected from calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and mixtures thereof.
  • the middle layer, in particular the second layer, preferably the layer B, of the multilayer film comprises a foamed thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • foamed thermoplastic polyurethanes for the middle layer in particular in the case of three-layer films made of thermoplastic polyurethane, the insulating properties of the multilayer film and thus of the composite film can be adjusted as a whole in a targeted manner and the water vapor diffusion rate can also be influenced.
  • the middle layer, in particular the second layer, preferably layer B of the multilayer film according to this embodiment of the present invention has a specific weight of 0.1 to 1.1 g / cm 3 , in particular 0.2 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.3 to 0.7 g / cm 3 .
  • a multilayer film with the layer structure ABA preferably with a base material, in particular a polyester nonwoven having a basis weight, as described above, consisting of filament fibers Basis weight of 70 g / m 2 , applied.
  • the layer A consists of an aromatic TPU of the carbonate type and layer B of an aromatic ether TPU, which is filled with a mineral filler.
  • a multilayer film with the layer structure ABA is applied to a carrier material, in particular a polyester nonwoven having a basis weight as described above, consisting of filament fibers, wherein the middle layer B consists of a foamed TPU with a specific weight of 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • a carrier material in particular a polyester nonwoven having a basis weight as described above, consisting of filament fibers
  • the middle layer B consists of a foamed TPU with a specific weight of 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • a carrier material in particular a polyester nonwoven, preferably filament fibers, coated with a basis weight as described above with a three-layer film with the structure ABA, wherein the specific water absorption of the layer A is significantly greater than that Layer B.
  • the total proportion of the basis weight of layer A is at most 40% by weight, in particular from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 35% by weight, preferably from 15 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight the multilayer film.
  • At least two first layers are provided in the form of a carrier material.
  • the two further first layers may be formed as an outer protective layer and as an inner protective layer.
  • the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer are formed as a polyolefin nonwoven layer.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer comprises at least one bicomponent fiber having a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a first polymer and the second component comprises a second polymer as an ingredient.
  • the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer are formed as a nonwoven layer comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer to comprise at least one bi-component fiber with a first component and a second component, the first component having a first polymer and the second component having a second polymer as constituent.
  • the outer protective layer is formed as a polyolefin-containing nonwoven layer and the inner protective layer is formed as a polyester-containing nonwoven layer.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer comprises at least one bicomponent fiber having a first component and a second component, the first component comprising a first polymer and the first component second component comprises a second polymer as a component.
  • the outer protective layer can be understood to mean that protective layer which faces the weather side, provided that the composite film is used for protection against weathering. In principle, it is also conceivable that the composite film is not used for weather protection. In this case, the arrangement of the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer would be interchangeable. In particular, however, the inner protective layer faces the good to be protected, for example the building interior, the building material or the like.
  • the total strength of the composite film can be significantly increased, preferably by at least 10%, more preferably from 20% to 70%.
  • the protective layer comprising the bicomponent fiber is advantageous in comparison with nonwoven layers known from the prior art, in particular polypropylene or polyethylene nonwoven layers, in that it ensures increased mechanical strength.
  • the bicomponent fiber having protective layer may be hydrophobic (water-repellent). Improved strength is particularly advantageous in the case of longer-term and / or increased mechanical stress on the composite film. If, for example, the composite film is used as a roofing membrane, in particular underlay membrane and / or undercover membrane, then it is exposed to mechanical stresses not only during installation but also during the inspection of the roof, for example by roofers.
  • the composite adhesion to the second layer can be improved, in particular special by up to 15% compared to known from the prior art nonwoven layers. Consequently, the use of an adhesive or a bonding agent for the composite adhesion of the aforementioned layers can be reduced, if not avoided.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer can be formed as a, preferably thermobonded or needle-bonded or wet-beam-bonded, nonwoven layer.
  • the nonwoven layer may be a polyolefin nonwoven, in particular a nonwoven layer comprising polypropylene and / or consisting thereof.
  • the nonwoven layer tends to improve the mechanical properties of the composite film and, moreover, ensures protection of the functional layer enclosed between the protective layers.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer is formed as a spunbonded nonwoven layer.
  • a spunbonded nonwoven fabric or a spunbonded nonwoven layer has a nonwoven fabric made of fibers of at least substantially unlimited length, that is to say with long fibers.
  • the fibers of the spunbonded nonwoven layer provided in the outer and / or inner protective layer are in the form of bicomponent fibers.
  • the spunbonded nonwoven layer made of continuous fibers can be made of bicomponent endless fibers.
  • the grammage or the grammage of the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer can be less than or equal to 250 g / m 2 .
  • the aforementioned basis weight is preferably between 1 g / m 2 and 250 g / m 2 , more preferably between 10 g / m 2 and 150 g / m 2 , preferably between 20 g / m 2 and 120 g / m 2, and in particular between 30 g / m 2 and 100 g / m 2 .
  • the grammage of the protective layers is selected so that, with the smallest possible total surface weight of the composite film, the required properties of the composite film, in particular the elasticity, stability, tear resistance and / or tear propagation, can be adequately ensured the composite film due to the protective layers on the outside, which are also used as support layers can be drawn, a mechanical protection of the functional layer allows light.
  • the inner and outer protective layers may have a different grammage and / or a different grammage, material composition and / or bicomponent fibers that differ from each other. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the inner and outer protective layers are at least substantially the same and / or identical.
  • the protective layers have the same surface properties, the same material and / or material composition and / or the same grammage.
  • the outer and the inner protective layer can be formed functionally identical, in particular wherein the weight per unit area of the identical protective layers deviates from one another by less than 5 g / m 2 .
  • a symmetrical structure of the layers of the composite film is provided.
  • outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer may be formed as a mechanically, chemically and / or thermally, preferably thermally, consolidated nonwoven layer.
  • a nonwoven layer is characterized in particular by the low production costs with a high mechanical resistance to external influences.
  • the second layer is fixedly connected to the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer can be glued to the second layer. Consequently, an adhesive layer may be provided between the second layer and at least one protective layer. The bonding of the layers can take place during production, in particular during the extrusion lamination process.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer in particular the outer protective layer comprising the at least one bicomponent fiber and / or inner protective layer, and / or the second layer comprises an adhesion promoter layer.
  • the primer layer In particular, the outer protective layer, the inner protective layer and / or the second layer can be arranged on the outside.
  • the adhesion promoter layer may be formed as an adhesive layer and / or the adhesion promoter as an adhesive.
  • the adhesion promoter layer and / or the adhesive layer allows a material connection of the layers to be joined together.
  • an adhesive layer is provided between the multilayer film and the outer and / or the inner protective layer, in particular over the entire surface, preferably for a firm and cohesive connection.
  • the adhesion promoter layer may further comprise a polymer, in particular an adhesion promoter polymer.
  • the adhesion promoter layer can be firmly connected to the second layer, the inner protective layer and / or the outer protective layer.
  • the adhesion promoter layer and / or the adhesion promoter polymer may comprise a plastic and / or a synthetic resin, preferably polyurethane.
  • the adhesion promoter layer can also be integrated into the inner protective layer, into the outer protective layer and / or into the second layer - in such a way that the adhesion promoter polymer is enclosed and / or arranged in the, in particular on the outside, surface area of the aforementioned layers ,
  • the adhesion promoter layer can be formed as part of the second layer and / or the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer.
  • adhesion promoter or of the adhesion promoter polymer and / or of the adhesion promoter layer in the outer layer of the inner and / or the outer protective layer, in particular in the interior of the bicomponent fiber and / or outer protective layer can be dispensed with the use of hotmelts (hotmeltget connection).
  • hotmelts hotmeltget connection
  • the inner protective layer and / or the outer protective layer has at least one bicomponent fiber or has a bicomponent fiber structure.
  • the inner and / or outer protective layer formed as a nonwoven layer is formed as a nonwoven layer of bicomponent fibers.
  • a bicomponent fiber spunbonded layer is provided.
  • Bicomponent fibers of the type in question usually have a first component of a first polymer and a second component of a second polymer.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which the first component surrounds and thus encloses the second component in the cross section of the fiber are referred to as core-sheath fibers.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which both the first component and the second component form part of the fiber surface in cross-section of the fiber are referred to as side-by-side fibers.
  • Fibers having structures in which multiple strands of one component are embedded in a strand of the other component to form an image in cross-section reminiscent of a plurality of islands formed as a component are referred to as Iceland-in-the-Sea fibers designated.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which a plurality of regions of the respective component are present in cross-section and which form the outer fiber surface are referred to as segmented pie fibers, since the regions of the individual components regularly have a cake-like division in cross-section.
  • bicomponent fibers are expressly to be understood as meaning those fibers which have more than two components.
  • the purpose of the bicomponent fibers is to improve the properties of the fibers or the properties of the spunbonded nonwovens produced from the fibers.
  • the properties of a spunbonded web depend on a large number of influencing factors. Some of these influencing factors on the properties of a spunbonded nonwoven are properties of the fibers used in each case, such as their strength. ness.
  • a widely accepted theory, at least in its basic idea, is that the properties of the resulting bicomponent fiber then represent a combination of the properties of the individual components of the bicomponent fiber, in which the properties of the individual components complement each other to the extent possible, that the advantages the properties of both components in the bicomponent fiber are combined. If, for example, a fiber is desired which exhibits both high strength and advantageous behavior in bonding the fibers together in nonwoven production, it is advisable to use a first component having a high strength with a second component having a good strength Connectivity has to combine.
  • additives are often added to the polymers.
  • the additives can be any of a wide variety of substances. These can be used, for example, for dyeing, for thermostabilization, for flame retardation, for hydrophilization or for hydrophobization or for UV stabilization.
  • the additives are regularly distributed evenly throughout the phase.
  • the first polymer and the second polymer may be formed at least substantially identically, in particular wherein the first component and the second component have mutually differing additives and / or additive compositions and / or additive amounts.
  • the first component comprises an additive, wherein the mass fraction of the additive in the second component is smaller than in the first component.
  • the first component can thus have an additive for property influencing or improvement.
  • the mass fraction of the additive of the first component in the second component is preferably at most 66.6%, more preferably at most 50% and in particular at most 33.3%. Most preferably, the additive is not present in the second component.
  • the mass fraction of the first component in the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, preferably 25%, particularly preferably 10%, very particularly preferably 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, with the first component forming the sheath.
  • Additive in this context means additives which are added to the polymer in the respective component in order to modify and thereby improve the properties of the resulting fiber or of the spunbonded web obtained from the fiber.
  • the additives which are added to the polymers in low concentrations generally constitute a contamination of the polymer with respect to fiber production.
  • impurities there is always the risk that the behavior of the components in the production of the fiber will change as a result of these impurities. Therefore, an unequal distribution of the additives in the components of the bicomponent fiber from the perspective of the person skilled in the art initially entails the risk that the quality of the bicomponent fiber or the stability of the production process will deteriorate.
  • the additive is a primary or secondary antioxidant, a UV absorber, a UV stabilizer, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, a hydrophilizing agent, a hydrophobing agent, an antifogging additive and / or a biocide.
  • a UV absorber e.g., a UV absorber
  • a UV stabilizer e.g., a flame retardant
  • an antistatic agent e.g., a lubricant
  • a metal deactivator e.g., a hydrophilizing agent, a hydrophobing agent, an antifogging additive and / or a biocide.
  • HALS sterically hindered amines
  • Fatty alcohols esters of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid amides, metal salts of fatty acids, polyolefin waxes, natural or artificial paraffins and their derivatives, fluoropolymers and Fluoro-oligomers, antiblocking agents such as silicic acids, silicones, silicates, calcium carbonate etc. as lubricants.
  • OBPA 10,10'-Oxybisphenoxarsine
  • N- (trihalomethylthiol) phthalimide N- (trihalomethylthiol) phthalimide
  • tri-butyltin oxide zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate
  • diphenyl antimony 2-ethylhexanoate OBPA
  • the difference in the melting points of the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 8 ° C. It should be pointed out that in the given intervals any individual intervals or individual values are included and must be regarded as disclosed essential to the invention, even if they are not specified in detail.
  • One of the positive effects of the present invention is that the proportion of recycled material that can be added to one of the components in making the bicomponent fiber increases over conventional fibers. It has been found that when using components with combined melting points according to the invention, the change in the properties of a component caused by the addition of recycled material is much lower than with conventional fibers.
  • the component with the lower melting point in the cross section of the fiber forms the outer surface of the fiber.
  • the lower melting point component surrounds the higher melting point component.
  • the difference in the melting points of the first component and the second component is at most 6 ° C or between 1 ° C to 8 ° C, preferably between 1 ° C to 6 ° C.
  • the positive effects of the present invention occur significantly more strongly.
  • the mass fraction of the component with the lower melting point on the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, with the component having the lower melting point forming the sheath.
  • the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 25 g / 10 min, wherein the melt flow indices (hereinafter MFI) of the first component and the second component are each less than or equal to 50 g / 10 min are.
  • MFI melt flow indices
  • the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is preferably less than or equal to 20 g / 10 min, more preferably 15 g / 10 min and / or the MFIs of the first component and the second component are each less than or equal to 40 g / 10 min.
  • the MFI is measured according to ISO 1 133 with a test load of 2.16 kg and a test temperature of 230 ° C.
  • the MFI is also referred to as the melt flow index or as the melt flow rate (MFR).
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • the determination is carried out in accordance with ISO 1 133, in which the material is melted in a heatable cylinder and pressed by means of the test load through a defined nozzle.
  • the MFI is a measure of the viscosity of the melt of the respective polymer-containing component. The viscosity, in turn, is related to the degree of polymerization, which corresponds to the average number of monomer units in each molecule of a polymer.
  • the positive influence of the beneficial differences of the MFIs essentially affects the specific tear strength and the specific nail pull-out force.
  • These two characteristics of a spunbond fabric made from the fibers can be improved by the advantageously selected MFIs.
  • a simultaneous increase in both characteristic values is possible, but in any case one of the two characteristic values can be improved without the other characteristic value deteriorating.
  • This also has a positive effect on the haptic properties.
  • the specific breaking strength can be increased without the softness and the so-called "textile feel" being adversely affected.
  • Textile grip is understood to mean a feeling of touch that is perceived as pleasant.
  • the mass fraction of the component with the higher MFI on the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber particularly preferably comprises a core-sheath fiber, with the component having the higher MFI forming the sheath.
  • the polymer of one of the two components has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst and the polymer of the other component has been polymerized with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and subjected to a subsequent visbreaking treatment.
  • the polymer is preferably a polyolefin, in particular polypropylene, polyethylene or their copolymer or a mixture thereof.
  • the other polymer is preferably also a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer. It is particularly advantageous liable if both polymers are composed of the same monomer or at least predominantly composed of the same monomer.
  • Metallocene catalysts are structurally uniform catalysts containing transition metals coordinated by cyclopentadiene ligands. Such catalysts are described in detail in US 5,374,696 and US 5,064,802. The relevant disclosure is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • the advantage of these catalysts is that the polymers prepared with these catalysts have a narrow molecular weight distribution.
  • the narrow molecular weight distribution leads to nonwovens with high elongation at break. In this case, the elongation at break is the elongation of the fibers which results at the maximum of the breaking force which is used when tearing a nonwoven strip. Above all, however, a narrow molecular weight distribution leads to an increase in process reliability in the production of spunbonded nonwovens.
  • the frequency of spinning disorders is reduced. Furthermore, a higher draw of the fibers is possible, higher spinning speeds can be achieved and the titers that can be achieved are lower. Lower titers mean a higher fineness of the fibers and / or of the yarns obtained from the fibers.
  • Another advantage of the metallocene catalysts or the polymers prepared by means of metallocene catalysts is that the residual content of the catalyst in the polymer is very low. The residual content of the catalyst in the polymer is an impurity of the polymer and can cause the properties of the polymer to be undesirably altered. For example, discoloration in the processing of the polymer may occur.
  • a disadvantage of the metallocene catalysts is their slightly higher price compared to the Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Furthermore, a thermal hardening of the fibers in the nonwoven production in the use of metallocene catalysts can be made more difficult. This may be the case if the possibilities opened up by the use of metallocene catalysts to increase the crystallinity and strength of the individual fibers by virtue of their higher drawability are utilized to a high degree.
  • Ziegler-Natta catalysts are heterogeneous mixed catalysts containing organometallic compounds of main group elements and transition metal compounds. Elements of the first to third main groups are used in particular as main group elements. The transition metal compounds contained in particular metals of the titanium group. There are a large number of variants of these catalysts. For the purposes of the present invention, the Ziegler-Natta catalysts are defined essentially by their delimitation from the metallocene catalysts.
  • the Ziegler-Natta catalysts are less expensive than the metallocene catalysts, the polymers prepared with the Ziegler-Natta catalysts have a significantly broader molecular weight distribution than polymers prepared with metallocene catalysts.
  • the polymers produced with Ziegler-Natta catalysts are therefore usually post-treated. This aftertreatment is called "visbreaking". In the visbreaking treatment, polymer chains are cleaved, which reduces the molecular weight of the individual molecules and increases the number of molecules. This also reduces the width of the molecular weight distribution. The cleavage of the polymer chains is brought about by heat, irradiation, the addition of peroxide, or by similar means.
  • the mass fraction of the component whose polymer has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst is preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, of the bicomponent fiber.
  • the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, the component whose polymer has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst forming the sheath.
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer is a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer, preferably a polymer and / or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene and / or a mixture and / or or a blend of it. It has been found that these polymers are particularly well suited for producing the bicomponent fibers according to the invention from them.
  • a copolymer in this context is to be understood as meaning a polymer which has been prepared from at least two different types of monomers, the mass fraction of the monomer which is decisive for the name of the copolymer being at least 50%.
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, in particular the first and / or the second polymer consists of PET and / or Co-PET.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the bicomponent fiber is a material composition for the first and the second component of polypropylene and / or polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene terephthalate copolymer. In this case, either the first or the second polymer Polyproplyen and / or Polyethylene and / or consist thereof.
  • the second or first polymer which does not comprise PP and / or PE has and / or comprises PET and / or Co-PET.
  • the first polymer has PP and / or PET
  • the second polymer will have PET and / or Co-PET and vice versa.
  • the bicomponent fiber is formed as a core-sheath fiber, wherein the core has as material polyactides (PLA) and / or the sheath as a material polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene terephthalate copolymer.
  • PLA material polyactides
  • the required resistance to hydrolysis can be ensured with such a construction of the bicomponent fiber.
  • the bicomponent fiber is a core-sheath fiber, with the mass fraction of the core being 50% to 98%, preferably 60% to 95%, particularly preferred
  • the bicomponent fiber is formed as core-sheath fiber, wherein the core as a material polyethylene furanate (PEF) and / or the sheath as a material polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, in particular at a melting point of 240 ° C +/- 10 ° C, has.
  • polyethylene furanoate is formed from at least substantially 100% renewable raw materials, whereby a high ecological compatibility can be achieved.
  • Polyethylene furanoate may have a melting point of 235 ° C +/- 10 ° C. Due to the high stiffness of polyethylene furanoate, in particular in comparison to PET, a particularly tensile nonwoven layer can be expected in the case of a protective layer having a bicomponent fiber of the aforementioned type.
  • the inner protective layer preferably comprises a bicomponent fiber which comprises polyethylene terephthalate as the first polymer and polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and / or polyethylene and / or polypropylene as the second polymer.
  • the mass ratio is both components in the range from 10:90 to 90:10, preferably in the range from 70:30 to 30:70, particularly preferably in the range from 60:40 to 40:60.
  • the bicomponent fiber is a multilobal fiber, in particular a tetralobal or trilobal fiber. Due to their cross-sectional geometry, these fibers offer a higher specific surface area than comparable fibers with circular cross-sections. In conjunction with these, the advantages of the fibers according to the invention can be utilized particularly efficiently, in particular if the different properties of the components which are to be optimized by the bicomponent fiber according to the invention are properties which relate to the surface of the fiber.
  • the diameter of the bicomponent fiber is between 1 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 8 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m. It has been found that, especially with fiber diameters which lie in these advantageous ranges, the combination of two components in a bicomponent fiber leads to a particular extent to synergy effects.
  • the outer protective layer and / or the inner protective layer is formed as a spunbonded nonwoven with bicomponent fibers according to the invention.
  • the spunbonded web can have the advantages and / or properties described below.
  • a higher strength in particular an improved strength of up to 20%, can be achieved in comparison with a polypropylene spunbond.
  • very good weather stability properties in particular improved UV and hydrolysis properties, can be provided.
  • Two properties that play a special role in spunbonded nonwovens are the specific breaking strength of the spunbonded fabric and the specific nail breaking strength of the spunbonded nonwoven. In this case, a desirable high specific tensile strength is achieved by fibers with high strength. In this sense, good bondability is to be understood as meaning that the mobility of the fibers in the spunbonded fabric can be set as precisely as possible during the bonding of the fibers during the production of a spunbonded nonwoven.
  • the bicomponent fibers of the invention are particularly suitable for allowing a high specific breaking strength and a high specific nail breaking strength of a spunbonded fabric, since the bicomponent fibers according to the invention can be optimized with regard to a combination of good bondability and high strength ,
  • nonwoven produced from the fibers of the invention is suitable for numerous applications, for example in medicine, in the hygiene sector, in the automotive industry, in the clothing sector, in home and technical textiles and in particular in the construction sector and agriculture.
  • the application range of the nonwoven fabric overlaps with the application range of the composite film.
  • Possible applications also include the use in filters and membranes, battery separators and as backing for laminates and as a carrier for coatings of all kinds.
  • the specific breaking strength of the spunbonded fabric is at least
  • the specific nail pull-out force of the spunbonded web is at least 1, 0 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 1.2 N / g in the transverse direction, preferably at least 1.4 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least one , 5 N / g in the transverse direction, preferably at least 1, 6 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 1, 8 N / g in the transverse direction, more preferably at least 1, 8 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 2.1 N / g transverse direction.
  • the specific nail pull-out force is the maximum force which occurs when a nonwoven strip tears when the nonwoven strip already has a given damage, namely a nail that has been pushed through the nonwoven fabric.
  • the specific nail pull-out force according to EN 12310-1 is measured. It has been found that the specified minimum values for the specific nail pull-out force of the spunbonded fabric can be achieved without the specific breaking strength of the spunbonded fabric falling disproportionately if bicomponent fibers according to the invention are optimized correspondingly with regard to their connectivity and strength. In particular, it is also possible to realize a combination of said specific advantageous nail pull-out forces and the aforementioned advantageous specific minimum tear forces.
  • spunbonded nonwoven which is suitable in view of its mechanical properties for a variety of applications.
  • a spunbonded fabric can, for example, be used well in the construction sector, where fastening of the spunbonded nonwoven webs by nailing, stapling or screwing must often be possible.
  • the spunbonded fabric must not tear or tear when it is fastened, for example, on a roof.
  • geotextiles In any case, geotextiles must have a high tolerance for punctual damage, such as may be caused by sharp stones. In practice, a high specific nail tear resistance is often associated with a good feel.
  • the softness and the textile feel of such spunbonded nonwovens and the composite films therefore also open up applications, for example applications in the hygiene or medical sector.
  • the reason for the good feel is the high mobility of individual fibers, which regularly accompanies the occurrence of high nail pull-out forces. Fibers that behave in this way regularly also have a tactile and pleasant feel.
  • the fiber segment mobility allows fibers to "collect” as the nail moves through the web in the nail by avoiding the nail moving through the web rather than tearing it immediately. This leads to a zone of increased fiber density, ie a zone of increased strength around the nail.
  • Another object of the present invention - according to a z w e i n e aspect of the present invention - is the use of a composite film as previously described in the construction sector, in particular as a roof or façade membrane, in particular as a roof underlay, underlay or façade.
  • a further subject of the present invention is - according to one aspect of the present invention - the use of a composite film as described above for producing an air-tight layer in the building area, in particular on a roof.
  • Another object of the present invention - in accordance with one aspect of the present invention - is a process for the production of a composite film as described above, wherein
  • the multilayer second layer is obtained by coextrusion and the multilayer second layer is extruded onto the first layer.
  • the composite film according to the invention is thus preferably obtained in such a way that the multilayer film is extruded onto the carrier material, in particular by coextrusion.
  • the multilayer second layer preferably has the layers b1 and b2 for two-ply foils or b1, b2 and b3 for three-ply foils.
  • the layers b1, b2, b3, which are produced by extrusion, correspond to the layers A, B, C of the composite film according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a two-ply
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a two-ply
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a three-ply
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a three-ply
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a three-layer film of TPU, which is applied on both sides of the carrier layer;
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a two-ply
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a three-ply
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a two-ply
  • Fig. 9 shows schematically a composite film according to the invention with a three-ply
  • Fig. 10 shows schematically a further embodiment of an inventive
  • Fig. 1 schematically a further embodiment of an inventive
  • Fig. 12 shows schematically a further embodiment of an inventive
  • Fig. 13 shows schematically a further embodiment of an inventive
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bicomponent fiber according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a bicomponent fiber according to the invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a bicomponent fiber according to the invention.
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows a carrier layer according to the invention designed as an outer protective layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the composite film according to the invention which has a two-ply thermoplastic polyurethane film.
  • the multilayer film 2 is applied to a carrier layer 3, which preferably consists of a polyester non-woven of filament fibers.
  • the material of the carrier layer 3, in particular the polyester nonwoven has a basis weight of 10 to 200 g / m 2 , in particular 50 to 150 g / m 2 , preferably 80 to 130 g / m 2 .
  • the material of the carrier layer 3, in particular the polyester nonwoven has a weight per unit area of 110 g / m 2 .
  • All the layer structures described below of the composite film 1 according to the invention preferably have carrier layer 3 with the aforementioned basis weights.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a multilayer coextruded film 2 in a 70 g / m 2 extrusion process.
  • the layer A 4 consists of aromatic C2- and / or C3-ether TPUs and layer B 5 of an opaque colored aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the proportion by weight of layer A in the multilayer film 2 is preferably at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the multilayer film 2. Particularly good results are obtained if the proportion by weight of layer A on the multilayer film 2 is 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the multilayer film 2.
  • This film construction has a very good weathering stability due to the top layer of aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • this film structure is significantly more cost-effective with respect to monofilament extrusions of an aromatic carbonate TPU with comparable weathering stability.
  • a multilayer coextruded film 2 having a two-layer structure with a weight per unit area of 70 g / m 2 is applied to the carrier layer 3.
  • Layer A 4 consists of an aromatic C4-ether TPU and layer B 5 of a caking-colored aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the proportion by weight of layer A 4 of the multilayer film 2 is at least 50 wt .-%, preferably at least 60 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the multilayer film 2. Particularly good results are obtained in this context, if the weight proportion the layer A 4 on the multilayer film 2 is 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the multilayer film 2.
  • this embodiment has again improved mechanical properties, such as higher elongation at break, compared to the previously described embodiment, which contains a layer A 4 of C2 and / or C3 ether TPU.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a two-ply layer structure of a multilayer film 2 in an extrusion process at 70 g / m 2 .
  • the layer A 4 of the multilayer film 2 consists of an aromatic ether-ester TPU and layer B 5 is an aromatic carbonate TPU. It is particularly preferred in this context if the aromatic ether-ester TPU is a C4 ether ester TPU.
  • aromatic ether-ester TPUs have significantly better mechanical properties than C2 and / or C3 ether TPUs. As a result, an improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite film is also achieved, but the hydrolysis stability is slightly reduced compared to the embodiments set out above.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated in an extrusion process with a two-ply layer structure of the multilayer film 2 at 70 g / m 2 .
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane of layer A 4 has a Shore A hardness of about 70 and layer B 5 has a Shore A hardness of about 90.
  • This structure of composite film 1 can be used to prevent fibers or filaments of the carrier layer 3 penetrate the multilayer film 2, in particular that fibers of the carrier layer 3 pierce the layer B 5 of the multilayer film and thus the multilayer film 2.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a two-layer structure of the multilayer film 2 in an extrusion process, preferably at 70 g / m 2 .
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated on both sides with the multilayer film 2.
  • the layer A 4 is preferably arranged on the carrier layer 3 in each case and the layer B 5 on the layer A 4.
  • a layer structure in which the TPU films are applied on both sides of the carrier layer 3 makes it possible to achieve particularly dense, in particular air and waterproof composite films 1 realize.
  • the swelling behavior with respect to swellable swatches of the layer B 5 is significantly higher than that of the layer A 4. This allows multiple paths of the composite film 1 of this structure with high process reliability get connected.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated on both sides with a multilayer film 2 with the layer structure AB.
  • Layer A 4 is in each case arranged on the carrier layer 3 and layer B 5 on the layer A 4.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane of layer B 5 can be readily melted under the action of heat, while the Location A 4 only melts at significantly higher temperatures.
  • This construction of the composite film 1 makes it possible to enable thermal welding of the film webs with high process reliability, whereby it can almost be ruled out that the multilayer films are damaged during the melting and welding process.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes of the multilayer film 2 contain polymers of the same type, but different amounts and types of additives or fillers in the respective layers of the multilayer film 2 of thermoplastic Polyurethane are used to achieve different properties in the individual layers of the multilayer film 2. This applies to two- as well as three- or multi-layered films 2.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated in an extrusion process with a two-ply layer structure of the multilayer film 2, preferably with 70 g / m 2 .
  • the layer B 5 is admixed with IR-reflecting pigments while layer A 4 is admixed with customary fillers and pigments.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane of both the layer A 4 and the layer B 5 is colored in each case.
  • the carrier layer 3 is in an extrusion process with a two-layer structure the multilayer film 2, preferably coated with 70 g / m 2 .
  • Layer A 4 consists of aromatic C 2 and / or C 3 ether TPU and layer B 5 of a cinted aliphatic ether TPU.
  • the proportion by weight of layer A 4 on the multilayer film 2 is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the multilayer film 2.
  • the proportion by weight of the layer A on the multilayer film 2 is 70% by weight, based on the multilayer film 2.
  • this structure of the composite film 1 has very good weathering stability; on the other hand, this structure allows a significant cost reduction compared with monofilm extrusion based on an aliphatic ether TPU.
  • the high proportion by mass of the C2 and / or C3 ether TPU makes possible an overall system which can be assigned class E according to EN 13501 in the case of fire behavior.
  • a little swelling when in contact with water aromatic TPU is arranged.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a two-layer structure of the multilayer film 2 in a 40 g / m 2 extrusion process.
  • Layer A 4 consists of an aromatic carbonate TPU and layer B 5 of an opaque aliphatic ether TPU.
  • this construction of the composite film 1 has the advantage that the layer thickness of the multilayer film can be significantly reduced with otherwise constant mechanical properties and weathering properties.
  • this embodiment has a significantly improved fire behavior.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the present invention, in which the multilayer film 2 has a three-layer layer structure ABC.
  • the layers A 4, B 5, C 6 are all formed from thermoplastic polyurethanes.
  • the layers A 4, B 5, C 6 of the multilayer film 2 consist of different thermoplastic polyurethanes, and it is particularly preferred if in each case contacting films contain different TPUs.
  • 4 shows a specific embodiment of a composite film 1 with a three-layer structure of the multilayer film 2, in which the two outer layers A 4 of the multilayer film 2 consist of the same thermoplastic material and the middle layer B 5 consists of a different thermoplastic material - material.
  • the thermoplastic material of the layers A 4 is identical, but have a different content of additives.
  • the upper layer A 4 shown in FIG. 4 preferably has a higher proportion of stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, radical scavengers, quenchers and hydroperoxide decomposers.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a three-layer layer structure of the multilayer film 2 in the form ABA, preferably at 70 g / m 2 , by coextrusion.
  • Layer A 4 consists of an aromatic ether TPU and layer B 5 of an aromatic carbonate TPU with a mineral filler.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a three-layer structure of the multilayer film 2 in the form ABA, wherein layer B 5 consists of a foamed TPU.
  • layer B 5 consists of a foamed TPU.
  • the carrier layer 3 is coated with a three-layer structure of the multilayer film 2 in the form ABA, preferably at 70 g / m 2 , by coextrusion.
  • the specific water absorption of the layer A is significantly greater than that of the layer B.
  • the proportion by weight of the layers A 4 in the total weight of the multilayer film 2 is at most 40% by weight. In this way, a significantly increased water vapor diffusion rate is achieved by the multilayer film 2 and the composite film 1 as a whole.
  • a multilayer film 2 with three layers is applied on both sides to a carrier layer 3.
  • the multilayer film 2 has the layer structure ABA.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of the composite film according to the invention.
  • a carrier layer 3 is applied on both sides of the multilayer film 2.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows by way of example a multilayer film 2 with a two-layer structure AB.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further variant of the embodiment described above, in which the multilayer film 2 has a three-layer structure between the two carrier layers 3.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the three-layer structure of the multilayer film 3 by way of example in the form of a multilayer film with the structure ABA.
  • the carrier layer 3 is formed on the one hand as an outer protective layer 30 and as an inner protective layer 40, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 13.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further preferred embodiment of a composite film 1 with an outer protective layer 30 and an inner protective layer 40.
  • a second layer 2 is arranged between the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40.
  • the illustrated composite film 1 is intended for use in the construction industry and for use as a construction film, in particular for building cover and / or for use as a roofing membrane.
  • the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40 illustrated in FIG. 8 are formed as nonwoven layers comprising polyolefin.
  • the outer protective layer 30 has at least one Bicomponent fiber 50 (not shown, see Fig. 17) - in the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of bicomponent fibers 50 - on.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 has a first component 60 and a second component 70, wherein the first component 60 comprises a first polymer and the second component 70 comprises a second polymer as constituent.
  • the first polymer and the second polymer may differ from each other in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40 are formed as nonwoven layers comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the outer protective layer 30 has at least one bicomponent fiber 50 (not shown, see FIG. 17) - in the exemplary embodiment illustrated a multiplicity of bicomponent fibers 50.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 has a first component 60 and a second component 70, the first component 60 having a first polymer and the second component 70 having a second polymer as constituent.
  • the first polymer and the second polymer may differ from each other in the illustrated embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a polyolefin, in particular polypropylene (PP), comprising a nonwoven layer and the inner protective layer 40 as a polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ,
  • the outer protective layer 30 and / or the inner protective layer 40 of the composite film 1 shown in FIG. 10 may comprise at least one bicomponent fiber 50 in an embodiment not shown.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 has a first component 60 and a second component 70, the first component 60 having a first polymer and the second component 70 having a second polymer as an ingredient.
  • the first polymer and the second polymer may be different from each other.
  • outer protective layer 30 and / or the inner protective layer 40 may be firmly connected to the second layer 2 and / or glued over the entire surface.
  • the first polymer in particular polymerized by a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, Polypropylene and the second polymer, in particular produced by metallocene catalysts, polypropylene or vice versa.
  • the inner protective layer 40 has the at least one bicomponent fiber 50.
  • both the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40 may be formed as a nonwoven layer comprising bicomponent fibers 50.
  • the top 12 may face the weather or the weather, the bottom 13 may be facing, for example, the interior of a building.
  • the top 12 is disposed on the outside of the outer protective layer 3.
  • the underside 13 is provided on the opposite outer side of the composite film 1. In principle, it is also possible not to expose the composite foil 1 to the weather, wherein the underside 13 can then face the material, material or the like to be covered.
  • the second layer 2 is designed in particular according to one of the previously described embodiments.
  • the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a polypropylene non-woven layer.
  • the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven layer, that is, a nonwoven layer solidified by needling.
  • the inside protective layer 40 may be formed as a nonwoven layer having a polypropylene and / or consisting of it, in particular a polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven layer.
  • the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a nonwoven layer comprising polypropylene.
  • the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven layer - that is, a needle punched nonwoven layer solidified by needling.
  • the inside protective layer 40 may be formed as a nonwoven layer comprising PET and / or consisting thereof, in particular a PET needle felt layer.
  • the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40 may be formed as a spunbonded nonwoven layer.
  • either the outer protective layer 30 or the inner protective layer 40 may be formed as a spunbonded nonwoven layer.
  • FIG. 17 shows the outer protective layer 30 formed as spunbonded layer, which is additionally constructed of bicomponent fibers 50, each having a first component 60 and a second component 70.
  • the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40 have a weight per unit area of less than 250 g / m 2 .
  • the basis weight of the outer protective layer 30 and / or the inner protective layer 40 is between 30 g / m 2 and 100 g / m 2 .
  • Fig. 9 shows that the outer protective layer 30 is formed as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having nonwoven layer.
  • the outer protective layer 30 and / or the inner protective layer 40 is formed as a polyethylene terephthalate needled nonwoven layer, that is, a needle punched layer consolidated by needling.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the multilayer film 2 is firmly bonded to the outer protective layer 30 and the inner protective layer 40.
  • the firm connection of the multilayer film 2 to the protective layers 30, 40 is provided over the entire surface via the bonding surfaces.
  • a partial area connection of the multilayer film 2 to the outer protective layer 30 and / or the inner protective layer 40 may also be provided.
  • FIG. 11 shows that the multilayer film 2 is adhesively bonded both to the outer protective layer 30 and to the inner protective layer 40.
  • the compound and / or adhesive layer and / or adhesion promoter layer or bonding layer is in particular designed such that the composite film is or remains open to diffusion, in particular wherein a very thin adhesive layer application and / or a raster application of the adhesive takes place.
  • an adhesion promoter layer 10 is provided, which has a bonding agent polymer. 1 to 13 show the different arrangement of the adhesion promoter layer 10.
  • the adhesion promoter layer 10 -as shown in FIG. 12 - can be formed as part of the multilayer film 2, or the adhesion promoter polymer penetrates at least partially into the protective layers 30, 40 facing surfaces of the multilayer film 2 a.
  • FIG. 11 shows that the adhesion promoter layer 10 is formed as a separate layer provided between the multilayer film 2 and the protective layers 30, 40.
  • This adhesion promoter layer 10 can be applied to the protective layers 30, 40 and / or to the multilayer film 2 during the manufacturing process of the composite film 1.
  • FIG. 13 again shows that the adhesion promoter layer 10 is formed as part of the protective layers 30, 40.
  • FIG. 13 shows that the adhesion promoter polymer has penetrated into the surface regions of the protective layers 30, 40 facing the multilayer film 2.
  • the adhesion promoter layer 10 is provided as part of the protective layer or protective layers 30, 40 comprising the bicomponent fibers 50.
  • the adhesion promoter layer 10 is firmly connected to the multilayer film 2 or the protective layers 30, 40, in particular over the entire surface.
  • adhesion promoter polymer or as material of the adhesion promoter layer 10 a plastic and / or a synthetic resin, preferably polyurethane, may be provided.
  • FIGS. 14 to 16 show cross-sectional views of exemplary bicomponent fibers 50 according to the invention.
  • the illustrated bicomponent fibers 50 each have a first component 60 and a second component 70.
  • the first component 60 surrounds the second component 70 and thus forms the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 50.
  • the illustrated bicomponent fibers 50 have a cross-section, at least approximately, circular or -round geometry.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 can also have non-circular cross-sections, for example a trilobal cross section or other multilobal cross sections.
  • the jacket With a very thin jacket of the bicomponent fiber 50 surrounding the second component 70, it may well happen that the jacket has defects. That is, the coat does not completely surround the core, but is broken in some places, so that the core at these points also forms the outer surface of the fiber. Even such fibers are "core-sheath fibers". In particular, in such fibers, the open shell forming component in the sense of the present invention forms the outer surface of the fiber.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 can also be formed as a side-by-side fiber.
  • Side-by-side fibers may be characterized in that both the first component 60 and the second component 70 form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 50. Even with side-by-side fibers, circular or at least approximately circular cross sections are possible, as are multilobal cross sections.
  • the first component 60 and the second component 70 can be combined in different ratios in a different spatial arrangement relative to each other.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 may also be formed as a segmented pie fiber. This fiber structure has a relationship to the side-by-side fiber structures in that both the first component 60 and the second component 70 may form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 50.
  • An embodiment of the bicomponent fiber 50 as an island-in-the-sea structure as a modification of a core-sheath fiber is also not provided in the illustrated embodiment.
  • a plurality of cores of the second component 70 may be present in an island-in-the-sea structure of the bicomponent fibers 50.
  • the individual cores of the second component 70 are surrounded by a common jacket of the first component 60.
  • mixed forms between core-sheath fibers and side-by-side fibers are fundamentally possible.
  • the bicomponent fiber 50 when formed as a core-sheath fiber as a material for the core polyactides (PLA) and / or as a material for the sheath of polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene terephthalate copolymer.
  • the core has polyethylene furanate (PEF) as the material and / or the jacket has polyethylene terephthalate copolymer as the material.
  • PEF polyethylene furanate
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer may be obtainable by polyaddition, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polyethylene terephthalate as the first polymer and / or second polymer.
  • Copolymer (co-PET) is provided.
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer, in particular the other component has been polymerized with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, in particular wherein a subsequent visbreaking treatment has been carried out.
  • the polymer of one of the two components 60, 70 is PET and / or co-PET and the other polymer is a polypolymer polymerized by a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates how a plurality of exemplary bicomponent fibers 50 form a spunbonded web.
  • the spunbonded fabric is formed as an outer protective layer 30 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the inner protective layer 40 may be formed as a spunbonded nonwoven fabric shown in FIG.
  • the spunbonded web forms a web with a transverse direction X of a thickness direction Y and a length direction Z, which is also referred to as the machine direction.
  • An exemplary spunbonded web may be made of bicomponent fibers 50 which have been thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 50 are in a first embodiment as core-sheath fibers with a sheath of the first component 60 with polypropylene as the first polymer with a core of the second component 70 with a polypropylene as a second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric shown in FIG. 17 may be 70 g / m 2 +/- 20 g / m 2 .
  • the difference of the melting point of the first component 60 and the second component 70 is less than or equal to 8 ° C.
  • the difference in the melting points of the first component 60 and the second component 70 may be between 1 ° C to 6 ° C.
  • melt flow indices of the first component 60 and the second component 70 is less than or equal to 25 g / 10 min.
  • the melt flow indices of the first component 60 and the second component 70 may each be less than or equal to 50 g / 10 min.
  • the low melting component in the cross-section of the bicomponent fiber 50 may form the outer surface of the bicomponent fibers 50, particularly surrounding, preferably completely, the higher melting point component.
  • the polymer of one of the two components 60, 70 may have been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst.
  • the polymer of the other component may be polymerized with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and subjected to a subsequent visbreaking treatment.
  • the first component 60 has an additive, wherein the mass fraction of the additive in the second component 70 is smaller than in the first component 60, preferably at most 66.6%.
  • the additive may be a primary or secondary antioxidant, a UV absorber, a UV stabilizer, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, a hydrophilizing agent, a hydrophobizing agent, an anti-fogging additive, and the like or a biocide.
  • the additive may be selected from the group of: sterically hindered phenols, aromatic secondary or tertiary
  • Isothiazolones silver and silver salts as biocides or mixtures thereof.
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer is a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer, preferably a polymer and / or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene and / or a mixture and / or a blend thereof, and / or a polyethylene terephthalate and / or a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer.
  • the mass fraction of the low melting point component on the bicomponent fiber 50 may be at most 50%.
  • the nonwoven facing layer A consists of an aromatic C2 and / or C3 ether TPU in order to embed nonwoven filaments into the TPU film at low cost.
  • the proportion of this aromatic TPU should be at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight, of the entire layer structure AB.
  • the other TPU side, which is thus not covered by the fleece and thus completely exposed to the weathering - layer B consists of a cover-dyed aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the film construction represents a cost-effective construction compared to monofilm extrusion from an aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the nonwoven facing layer A consists of an aromatic C4 ether TPU to embed nonwoven filaments in the TPU film.
  • the proportion of this aromatic TPU should be at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably 70% by weight, of the total TPU layer.
  • the other TPU side, which is thus not covered by the fleece and thus completely exposed to weathering - layer B -, consists of a covering colored aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the film structure represents a cost-effective construction compared to a monofilm extrusion from an aromatic carbonate TPU. Furthermore, the film structure has better mechanical properties, in particular a higher elongation at break, by using a C4-ether TPU in comparison to the C2 and / or C3 ether TPUs according to Example 1.
  • Example 3 Example 3:
  • the nonwoven facing layer A consists of an aromatic ether-ester TPU to embed low-cost nonwoven filaments in the TPU film.
  • Layer B is made of an aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the composite film has the advantages of the aforementioned Examples 1 and 2. Another advantage over the film structure of Example 1 results from the fact that aromatic ether-ester TPUs, in particular C4 ether TPUs, have better mechanical properties than C2 and / or C3 ether TPUs. As a result, in addition to the properties of example 1, it is achieved that the overall composite has a high elongation at break of about 500%.
  • Example 4
  • Layer A consists of a carbonate TPU and
  • Layer B consists of a compound of aromatic ether TPU and a mineral filler. This results in a higher process reliability in the coating process since penetration of the nonwoven filaments through the layer structure ABA is prevented especially by the filler-containing TPU layer B.
  • the nonwoven facing layer A consists of a relatively soft TPU with a Shore A hardness of about 70 and the other layer B of a relatively hard TPU with a Shore A hardness of about 90. This is achieved in that, when pressing the TPU melt with the nonwoven, the penetration of the nonwoven into the soft TPU layer is relatively easy to accomplish, whereas in the case of the harder TPU a greater resistance is counteracted by the penetration of the nonwoven filaments. This reduces the risk of puncturing individual filaments during the extrusion process, while at the same time making it possible to ensure a defined embedding depth of the fleece in the TPU coating in a simple manner.
  • Example 6 (comparison):
  • 1.5% by weight of carbon black, 1.5% by weight of a HALS and 0.75% of a phenolic antioxidant are added.
  • the product is subjected to artificial aging according to DIN EN 13859.
  • the irradiation does not take place for 14 days, but is extended to 42 days.
  • the resistance to the permeation of water in accordance with DIN EN 2081 1 is determined to be 3.9 m.
  • a polyester fleece with a grammage of 110 g / m 2 consisting of filament fibers, is coated in an extrusion process with 2 ⁇ 35 g / m 2 TPU with a two-layer layer structure AB. Both layers consist of an aromatic ether TPU.
  • the nonwoven facing layer A is added to stabilize 0.1% of a HALS and 0.2% of a phenolic antioxidant.
  • the weathered layer B is added to stabilize 3% by weight of carbon black, 2% by weight of a HALS and 1% by weight of a phenolic antioxidant.
  • the product is subjected to artificial aging according to DIN EN 13859.
  • the irradiation does not take place for 14 days, but is extended to 42 days.
  • the resistance to the permeation of water in accordance with DIN EN 2081 1 is determined to be 15.5 m.
  • the film according to Example 7 is distinguished from Comparative Example 6 by increased aging resistance.
  • a polyester nonwoven having a grammage of 110 g / m 2 , consisting of filament fibers, is equipped in an extrusion process with a three-layer TPU coating with the structure ABA, wherein the middle layer B consists of a foamed TPU with a specific weight of 0, 3 g / cm 3 .
  • the layers A have the average specific gravity of about 1.22 g / cm 3 , which is typical for unfilled or unfoamed TPUs.
  • the attachment is usually done by nailing or stapling. This results in an improved protection against injury of the film, since it is thicker or bulky at low material usage. In addition, the film has a perceived more robust appearance, since it is thicker than a non-foamed film with the same material input due to a foam structure.
  • a polyester fleece with a grammage of 1 10 g / m 2 is coated with a three-layered TPU film with the structure ABA.
  • the specific water absorption of the layer A is significantly greater than that of the layer B.
  • the proportion by weight of A is at most 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the structure ABA.
  • a stable middle layer B is important for a permanently stable overall construction.
  • a polyester fleece with a grammage of 1 10 g / m 2 is coated on both sides with TPU. This is the polyester fleece between two TPU films.
  • Each foil has a two-layer construction AB.
  • the layer A points to the fleece and B points to the outside.
  • the swelling behavior with respect to the swelling agent is significantly higher in layer B than in layer A. This makes it possible with high process reliability to join several film webs of this structure to each other by using the swelling agent.
  • the risk of permanently damaging a TPU coating is relatively low if it is ensured that the layer A hardly swells due to the swelling agent.
  • the melting or welding process can be generated by hot air, hot wedge, ultrasound or IR emitters.
  • a polyester non-woven with a grammage of 1 10 g / m 2 is coated with a two-layer TPU film with the structure AB at 70 g / m 2 .
  • the layer A is arranged on the fleece and the layer B is visible from the outside or is exposed to the weathering directly.
  • the layer B is equipped with IR-reflecting pigments.
  • In layer A are low-priced, not specifically IR-reflective pigments used.
  • the TPU mass is colored in each case.
  • the nonwoven facing layer A consists of an aromatic C2 and / or C3 ether TPU to embed low cost nonwoven filaments in the TPU film.
  • the proportion of this aromatic TPU should be at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably 70% by weight, of the total TPU layer.
  • the other TPU layer - layer B - which is thus not covered by the nonwoven and thus completely exposed to weathering, consists of a cover-dyed aliphatic ether TPU.
  • the film construction represents a cost-effective construction compared to monofilm extrusion from an aliphatic ether TPU. If the mass fraction of the C2 and / or C3 ether TPU is sufficient, this is a complete system which complies with EN 13501-1 class E in fire behavior. In addition to the nonwoven side, an aromatic TPU which swells only slightly when exposed to water is arranged.
  • the outer layer B which is exposed to weathering and sunlight, consists of a opaque colored aliphatic ether TPU and the underlying layer A consists of an aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the TPU coating As an advantage over the film structure according to Example 1, the TPU coating, with otherwise comparable properties of the overall construction, can be reduced. It should be noted here that carbonate TPU has an inherently flame-retardant effect in order to comply with fire class E according to EN 13501 -1 at a lower coating weight.
  • a TPU film with a weight per unit area of 40 g / m 2 and a three-ply layer structure ABA is embedded in a multi-layer extrusion process and the laminate is pressed.
  • the layer A adjoins each of the nonwovens.
  • Layer A consists of an aromatic carbonate TPU and
  • Layer B consists of an aromatic C4 ether TPU.
  • the proportion of this aromatic C4 ether TPU is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably 70% by weight, of the entire layer structure ABA.
  • the film structure represents a cost-effective construction compared with monofilm extrusion from an aromatic carbonate TPU.
  • the film structure has very good mechanical properties.
  • a TPU film with a basis weight of about 35 g / m 2 and a three-ply layer structure ABA is embedded in a multi-layer extrusion process and the laminate is pressed.
  • the two polypropylene nonwovens are subjected to a corona treatment shortly before coating in the process.
  • the TPU film is firmly connected between two polypropylene nonwovens.
  • the layer A adjoins each of the nonwovens.
  • Layer A consists of aromatic C2 / C3 ether TPU and layer B consists of aromatic ether / ester TPU.
  • the proportion of this aromatic ether / ester TPUs is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably 70% by weight, of the entire layer structure ABA.
  • This film construction achieves a very good weathering and hydrolysis stability.
  • the film structure also represents a cost-effective construction with very good mechanical properties.
  • a TPU film having a weight per unit area of about 35 g / m 2 and a three-layer layer structure ABA is embedded in a multi-layer extrusion process and the laminate is pressed.
  • the two polypropylene nonwovens are each coated with a polyolefin hotmelt adhesive shortly before the coating.
  • the hotmelt adhesive acts as a bonding agent to the TPU.
  • the layer A adjoins each of the nonwovens.
  • Layer A consists of aromatic C4 ether TPU and layer B consists of aromatic ester / ether TPU.
  • the film structure represents a very good weathering and hydrolysis stability is achieved.
  • the film structure represents a cost-effective construction with very good mechanical properties. It is a symmetrical structure in which both nonwoven sides can be used as the upper or lower side of the film. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un film composite, en particulier un film composite de construction, à structure multicouche, ledit film composite comprenant une première couche sous forme de matériau support et une seconde couche sous forme de film multicouche comportant une première couche et une seconde couche, lesquelles contiennent chacune un polyuréthane thermoplastique.
PCT/EP2018/084715 2017-12-14 2018-12-13 Film composite de construction WO2019115677A1 (fr)

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EP4137653A1 (fr) 2021-08-19 2023-02-22 BMI Group Holdings UK Limited Bande de garniture inférieure de toit

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CN112681542B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2022-01-14 济南佳易建材有限公司 一种自结油层的防水抗渗保温板

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