WO2019114463A1 - Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes d'inhibition de la progression des troubles de la réfraction oculaire - Google Patents

Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes d'inhibition de la progression des troubles de la réfraction oculaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019114463A1
WO2019114463A1 PCT/CN2018/114149 CN2018114149W WO2019114463A1 WO 2019114463 A1 WO2019114463 A1 WO 2019114463A1 CN 2018114149 W CN2018114149 W CN 2018114149W WO 2019114463 A1 WO2019114463 A1 WO 2019114463A1
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Prior art keywords
optical channel
primary
display
positive lens
semi
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PCT/CN2018/114149
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English (en)
Inventor
Yan-Yin TSE
Siu Yin Lam
Chi-Ho TO
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The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Priority claimed from US15/837,907 external-priority patent/US10231897B2/en
Application filed by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University filed Critical The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Priority to CN201880088588.7A priority Critical patent/CN111683629A/zh
Publication of WO2019114463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114463A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/145—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only having sequential partially reflecting surfaces
    • G02B27/146—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only having sequential partially reflecting surfaces with a tree or branched structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/52—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for inhibiting the development or progression of refractive disorders of an eye, with the emphasis on myopia and/or hyperopia.
  • Shortsightedness or myopia and farsightedness or hyperopia are common refractive disorders of human eyes. Objects beyond a distance from a myopic person are focused in front of the retina, and objects beyond a distance from a hyperopic person are focused behind the retina, and consequently the objects are perceived as blurry images.
  • Myopia develops when the eye grows excessively larger than the focal length of the eye. Myopia usually progresses in human eyes over time and is typically managed by regularly renewed prescriptions of optical lenses such as corrective spectacles and contact lenses. Those lenses provide clear vision but do not retard progression of myopia. Undesirable sight-threatening eye diseases are also associated with high levels of myopia.
  • Hyperopia is usually congenital, when the size of the eye has not grown enough and is shorter than the focal length of the eye. Without proper management, hyperopia may associate with blurred vision, amblyopia, asthenopia, accommodative dysfunction and strabismus. Hyperopia is typically managed by prescriptions of corrective optical lenses which temporarily provide clear vision but do not heal or eliminate the disorder permanently.
  • WO 2006/034652 to To, 6 April 2006 suggests the use of concentric multi-zone bifocal lenses in which myopic defocus is induced both axially and peripherally for visual objects of all viewing distances.
  • Those methods have been shown to be effective in both animal study and human clinical trial for retarding myopia progression.
  • those methods comprise the prescription and the use of specialty lenses which may not be suitable for all people.
  • Similar disadvantages apply for the other contact lens designs such as US 7766478 B2, to Phillips, published August 3, 2010; US 7832859, to Phillips, published 16 November 2010; US 7503655 to Smith, et al., published 17 March 2009; and US 7025460 to Smith, et al., published 11 April 2006.
  • a method for retarding or reversing progression of myopia of a viewer The viewer has an eye with a retina with a central region.
  • the method contains the step of providing a non-immersive display unit having a display, a dioptric positive lens proximal to the display, a fully-reflective mirror opposite the dioptric positive lens from the display, and a semi-transparent mirror distal from the fully-reflective mirror.
  • the method further contains the steps of forming a primary visual content on the display, refracting the primary visual content through the dioptric positive lens to form a primary optical channel, redirecting the primary optical channel with the fully-reflective mirror to the semi-transparent mirror, forming a secondary visual content into a secondary optical channel directed to the semi-transparent mirror, and converging the primary optical channel and the secondary optical channel into a converged optical channel.
  • the converged optical channel forms a plurality of image planes in the eye.
  • the image planes comprise a dioptric distance therebetween, and the dioptric distance between the plurality of image planes is the difference between the optical vergence between the primary optical channel and the secondary optical channel.
  • a method for retarding or reversing the progression of myopia of a viewer The viewer has an eye with a retina with a central region.
  • the method contains the step of providing an immersive display unit having a first display, a first dioptric positive lens proximal to the first display, a first fully-reflective mirror opposite the first dioptric positive lens from the first display, a second display, a second dioptric positive lens proximal to the second display, a semi-transparent mirror opposite the second dioptric positive lens from the second display, and a second fully-reflective mirror distal from the first fully reflective mirror.
  • the method further contains the steps of forming a primary visual content on the first display, refracting the primary visual content through the first dioptric positive lens to form a primary optical channel, redirecting the primary optical channel with the first fully-reflective mirror to the second fully-reflective mirror, forming a secondary visual content on the second display, refracting the secondary visual content though the second dioptric positive lens to form a secondary optical channel directed to the semi-transparent mirror, reflecting the secondary optical channel off of the semi-transparent mirror, converging the primary optical channel and the secondary optical channel into a converged optical channel, and reflecting the converged optical channel off of the second fully-reflective mirror.
  • the converged optical channel forms a plurality of image planes in the eye.
  • the image planes comprise a dioptric distance therebetween, and the dioptric distance between the plurality of image planes is the greatest difference between the plurality of image planes.
  • a non-immersive display unit contains a display for forming a primary visual content, a dioptric positive lens proximal to the display, a fully-reflective mirror opposite the dioptric positive lens from the display, and a semi-transparent mirror distal from the fully-reflective mirror.
  • the primary visual content is refracted through the dioptric positive lens to form a primary optical channel, and the fully-reflective mirror redirects the primary optical channel to the semi-transparent mirror.
  • a secondary visual content is formed into a secondary optical channel, and the secondary optical channel is directed towards the semi-transparent mirror.
  • the semi-transparent mirror converges the primary optical channel and the secondary optical channel, into a converged optical channel, and the converged optical channel forms a plurality of image planes in the eye.
  • an immersive display unit contains a first display for forming a primary visual content, a first fully-reflective mirror opposite the first dioptric positive lens from the first display, a second display for forming a secondary visual content, a second dioptric positive lens proximal to the second display, a semi-transparent mirror opposite the second dioptric positive lens from the second display, and a second fully-reflective mirror distal from the first fully reflective mirror.
  • the primary visual content is refracted through the first dioptric positive lens to form a primary optical channel, and the first fully-reflective mirror redirects the primary optical channel to the second fully-reflective mirror, refracting the secondary visual content through the second dioptric positive lens to form a secondary optic channel.
  • the secondary optical channel is directed to the semi-transparent mirror, and the semi-transparent mirror reflects the second optical channel.
  • the semi-transparent mirror converges the primary optical channel and the secondary optical channel into a converged optical channel, reflecting the converged optical channel off of the fully-reflective mirror.
  • the converged optical channel forms a plurality of image planes in the eye.
  • Figure 1A is a diagram showing the way a conventional visual display unit is used
  • Figure 1B is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the conventional visual display unit of Figure 1A;
  • Figure 2A is a diagram showing an optical system with a transparent layer
  • Figure 2B is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the transparent layer of the optical system of Figure 2A showing the generated myopic defocus;
  • Figure 3A is a diagram showing a portable system with the optical system of Figure 2A;
  • Figure 3B is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the portable system of Figure 3A showing the generated myopic defocus
  • Figure 4A is a diagram showing the way an optical system with a reflective layer
  • Figure 4B is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the optical system of Figure 4A showing the generated myopic defocus
  • Figure 5A is a diagram showing a portable system with the optical system of Figure 4A;
  • Figure 5B is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the portable system of Figure 5A showing the generated myopic defocus
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of a portable visual display unit employing a transparent layer or a reflective layer, and a contrast enhancing technology.
  • the shade represents the transparent layer or the reflective layer;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic optical diagram of an eye viewing the optical system of Figure 2A showing the generated hyperopic defocus
  • Figure 8 is a schematic optical diagram of an embodiment of a non-immersive display unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic optical diagram of an embodiment of an immersive display unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electronic control system useful herein.
  • the terms “viewer” and “user” are synonymous, as it is the viewer who uses the device and/or system of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for preventing, retarding, and/or reversing progression of refractive disorders of any eye, including myopia or hyperopia of a human eye.
  • the invention relates to a method for preventing progression of a reflective disorder.
  • the invention relates to a method for retarding progression of a reflective disorder.
  • the invention relates to a method of reversing a refractive disorder.
  • a method for preventing or retarding progression of myopia including producing a focused image on the retina of the human eye for viewing and simultaneously creating a defocused image in front of the retina for generating myopic defocus is described here below.
  • the method includes generating myopic defocus on at least the central region of the retina for achieving a treatment effect.
  • the method includes producing a focused image on the retina of the human eye for viewing and simultaneously creating a defocused image behind the retina for generating hyperopic defocus.
  • Traditional viewing systems display visual information on a single plane.
  • the primary visual object such as text and graphic is focused on the retina, inducing no defocus stimuli (or small amount of myopia-inducing hyperopic defocus if the users exhibit the habit of accommodative lag) .
  • the current invention makes use of a transparent or a reflective optical layer allowing a secondary object behind or in front of the layer, respectively, to be seen simultaneously when the primary visual object is viewed.
  • the secondary object being positioned on different dioptric planes, is projected either in front of the retina to produce myopia-retarding myopic defocus stimuli, or behind the retina to produce hyperopia-reducing hyperopic defocus stimuli.
  • Transparency is commonly defined as the ability of a material to allow light to pass through itself without scattering.
  • the transparency of the layer is a term in optical physics that describes the proportion of light transmitted through a layer which is quantifiable, adjustable and measureable between 0%to 100%. Accordingly, the meaning of the term “transparent” is not limited to the literal meaning of being totally transparent but also “partially transparent” or “being transparent or partially transparent regionally” .
  • the term “transparent” with respect to a layer of material means that between about 100%and about 70%, or between about 100%and 80%, or between about 100%and about 85%of the visible light is transmitted through the layer.
  • Reflectance is commonly defined as the percentage of light being reflected by a surface.
  • reflective refers to being “light reflective” .
  • the term is not limited to the literal meaning of being totally reflective but also “partially reflective” or “being reflective or partially reflective regionally” .
  • the transparent layer or the reflective layer as referred to in the embodiments of the present invention can be a physical screen (for the transparent or reflective layer) or a virtual imaging plane (for the transparent layer in view of the available technology) produced by various technologies including but not limited to a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, a screen projection system, a holographic display, a partial mirror, a multiscopic visualization, a volume multiplexing visualization, or a combination thereof.
  • the system as referred to in the embodiments of the present invention can be a permanent home, office or gymnasium visual displaying environment including components such as a desktop personal computer, a television, a theater system or a combination thereof.
  • the system may also be a compact portable unit or an electronic device such as an electronic book reader, a tablet computer, a portable display, a portable computer, other media or a gaming system.
  • a number of non-limiting examples for retarding or reversing the progression of refractive disorders, with emphasis on myopia in human eyes are described herein.
  • the apparatuses used to practice this method alter the defocus equilibrium of the eye to influence dimensional eye growth in a direction towards emmetropia.
  • myopic defocus is induced in the eye to retard the progression of myopia. It is important that myopic defocus is introduced when normal visual tasks can be maintained throughout the treatment. This means that a focused image can be maintained at the central retina during the treatment.
  • a transparent layer or a reflective layer in the form of a visual display unit provides a platform for projecting various kinds of primary visual content that in turn will form a focused image on the retina.
  • the transparency or reflectance of the layer allows secondary objects to be seen. Areas on the layer which do not provide the primary visual content may provide the transparency or the reflectance. Alternatively, the objects, including text or graphics themselves may also be partially transparent or reflective so that any other objects directly behind the transparent objects, or in front of the reflective objects, can be seen by the viewer as overlapped defocused images. Regardless of how the transparency or reflectance is provided the primary visual content on the layer (e.g. text, graphic) plays dual critical roles as the object of interest and the necessary visual clues for the viewer to lock his ocular accommodation and focus on the plane of the transparent or reflective layer. The transparent or reflective layer alone will not act as an effective target for the viewer to lock his accommodation and will not achieve the desired function unless visual content is displayed on them.
  • the primary visual content on the layer e.g. text, graphic
  • an advantage of the system and method herein is that it does not involve the use of specialty lenses and therefore can be widely applied to children and young adults.
  • Figure 1A shows the way a conventional visual display unit is usually installed and used for viewing.
  • the conventional visual display unit 11 does not include a transparent or reflective region in contrast to, for example, Figure 2A at 31 or Figure 4A at 81. Also, it may be positioned near an object 12, which is shown as a background object in the figure, which may lack significant visual details.
  • a conventional visual display unit 20 when being viewed, produces focused image 21 on the retina 22.
  • the object 23 behind the unit is occluded and does not provide any image on the central retina. Although the object 23 may extend toward periphery beyond the unit 20, it typically will not produce effective myopic defocus because it is located too closely to the unit 20 and/or lacks significant visual details.
  • a method is provided to introduce a secondary, defocused image in front of the retina while at the same time introducing a focused image on the retina as a primary image which continuously receives attention from the viewer by means of a transparent layer.
  • this is specifically achieved by providing an object, such as a back layer 32, in front of the viewer 33, a transparent layer 31 between the viewer 33 and the back layer 32, and subsequently a primary image on the transparent layer for the viewer’s attention.
  • the object can be either a physical object and/or an image of an object.
  • it is some form of text or graphic on which the viewer actively adjusts his/her ocular accommodation and focus.
  • the transparent layer 31 can be in the form of a visual display unit, such as a transparent television screen, as shown in the figure.
  • the transparency of the transparent layer 31 allows the back layer 32 behind to be viewed as a secondary image, which is projected in front of the central region of the retina to generate myopic defocus.
  • the object may also extend towards the periphery so that the secondary image may also project a defocused image on the peripheral retina to further boost the treatment effect.
  • “in front of the central region of the retina” means that the secondary image is focused on a plane at least 0.25 diopter away from the retina to the vitreous side.
  • the dioptric distance is from about 2 to about 3 diopters.
  • the transparency of the transparent layer is adjustable, or adjustable from about 70%to about 100%transparency, to control the amount of the secondary image to be viewed.
  • the transparent layer 31 is positioned between the back layer 32 and the viewer 33 with the aid of some supporting structure 34.
  • the optional supporting structure 34 is connected to the transparent layer 31 so as to physically hold it in place and to prevent it from moving significantly with respect to the back layer.
  • Many different types of supporting structures such as a rack, a stand, a wire, an arm, and a combination thereof, may be used herein, either alone or in conjunction with each other.
  • a supporting structure may also include a structure which suspends the transparent layer from, for example a ceiling.
  • the goal is to stop progression and/or cure the eye refractive disorder by encouraging the viewer’s eye to either stop growing in a certain direction, to encourage the viewer’s eye to grow in another direction, and/or to grow to a certain, more optimal, shape.
  • the methods herein may require repeated, continuous use by the viewer for an extended period of, for example, more than 1 week; or from about 1 week to 15 years; or from about 1 month to about 10 years; or from about 2 months to about 7 years.
  • the method herein includes the repeated viewing of the system herein over a period from about 3 months to about 5 years.
  • the object for producing the secondary image is a fixed or changeable wallpaper showing a landscape such as a forest or a mountain or a picture such as shown in Figure 2A. It is preferred that such a picture contains visual content of sufficient contrast and a range of spatial frequencies, which are shown to be pre-requisites for the myopic defocus to be corrected detected by the eye. (Tse, Chan et al.2004; Diether and Wildsoet 2005) Specifically, it is preferred that the picture contains visual content with contrast of more than 10%, or preferably from about 25%to about 75%, as measured by image capture using video camera followed by quantification of pixel brightness level.
  • the picture contains spatial frequencies ranged from 0.02 –50 cycle/deg measured by image capture using video camera, followed by spatial frequency analysis using discrete Fourier transformation.
  • the preferred optical distance between the layer on which the primary image is provided and the object to provide the secondary image is from about 0.25 to about 6 diopters, or from about 0.5 to about 4 diopters, or from about 2 to about 3 diopters.
  • the optical distance can be measured by quantifying the power of the lens needed to neutralize the defocus, or by measuring the physical dimensions of all optical components, and followed by optical ray tracing.
  • the level of myopic or hyperopic defocus is specifically customized to counter the level of myopia or hyperopia of the viewer, especially, where, for example, the system is provided on, in and/or incorporating an electronic device such as a tablet computer, personal computer, smart phone, etc. that is typically used by a single person.
  • an electronic device such as a tablet computer, personal computer, smart phone, etc. that is typically used by a single person.
  • the viewer typically intentionally brings the primary image displayed by the transparent layer 40 into focus using ocular accommodation.
  • conventional spectacle correction may be needed (not shown in the figure) for the viewer to focus the primary image on the retina.
  • the primary image displayed on the front layer 40 is projected in the eye as focused image 41 on the central portion of the retina 42.
  • the secondary visual content 43 of the back layer is projected in the eye as a myopically defocused secondary image 44 in front of the central region of the retina 42.
  • the defocused secondary image 44 in front of the central retina serve as a major source of myopic defocus 47 signal for retarding myopia progression.
  • the back layer may optionally further extend towards the periphery 45 so as to project additional myopically defocused image 46 on regions of the retina other than the central region.
  • the embodied optical system can be modified further, for example, it may contain a visual display unit having more than one transparent layer.
  • the primary visual contents may be displayed on a front transparent layer as the primary image for continuous viewing by the user.
  • Secondary visual contents which form the secondary image as the visual cues of myopic defocus, not requiring the user’s attention, may be displayed on at least one back layer for constructing the defocused images.
  • Figure 3A shows a simplified optical system with a single transparent layer as a visual display.
  • the system is embodied as a compact form of a portable electronic device such as an electronic book reader unit 51.
  • the portable electronic device herein may include an electronic book reader, a mobile phone, an electronic tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a watch, a headwear, an eyewear, a wireless display, a holographic projector, a holographic screen, an augmented reality device, a virtual reality device, and a combination thereof.
  • a transparent layer which functions as a display screen is positioned and controlled in an upright position close to the viewer 52 by means of mechanical supporting structures such as a rack 53, which becomes portable when folded.
  • the supporting structure (s) can be connected either permanently or temporarily to the transparent layer. Random objects 54 may present in the background environment behind the unit 51. Depending on the existing refractive error of the viewer, conventional spectacle correction may be needed (not shown in the figure) for the viewer to focus the primary image on the retina.
  • the viewer exerts ocular accommodation to bring the primary image as displayed by the transparent layer to focus.
  • visual content such as text and graphics as shown on the transparent layer 60 are projected on the retina 62 as a focused primary image 61.
  • random visual objects 63 and 65 enter the visual field of the viewer.
  • Objects 63 behind the transparent layer 60 are visible to the viewer as secondary images 66 and are projected to form myopically defocused images in front of the central retina 64.
  • Those defocused secondary images serve as major sources of myopic defocus 67 signal for retarding myopia progression.
  • Other objects 65 in the peripheral visual field that are positioned more distant from the unit can also project myopically defocused secondary images 66 on other parts of retina. Those images also serve as auxiliary sources of myopic defocus 67 for retarding myopia progression.
  • the transparency of the transparent layer is adjustable, either manually and/or automatically, to control the amount of background objects to be viewed.
  • the optical system for example, the unit 51 of Figure 3A, can be an electronic device which generates both the primary and the secondary images on the same or different layers, for example, to provide a focused primary image and a defocused secondary image simultaneously on the same display screen.
  • the transparency of the display screen of the unit 51 is adjustable and more preferably controllable, for example, by electronic means such as transparent organic light emitting diode, in order to maintain and optimize the legibility of the visual content under different environments and according to personal preference.
  • a method is provided to introduce myopic defocus by providing a layer having a reflective surface facing the viewer, at least one object facing the reflective surface, and subsequently a primary image with visual contents as text and graphics on the layer, with the primary image being viewable by the viewer.
  • the object can be either a physical object and/or an image of an object.
  • the reflective surface allows the reflection of the object to be viewed by the viewer as a secondary image, and the secondary image is focused in front of the central region of the retina of the viewer.
  • the objects can be positioned behind the viewer and/or in between the viewer and the reflective surface.
  • the reflective layer may be a visual display unit adapted to provide a primary image of a principal visual content.
  • a method herein comprises the step of providing an object 84, such as a back layer, behind a viewer 83, and further providing a layer 81 having a reflective surface 82, such as a mirror or a display screen with reflective surface, facing the viewer 83 and the object 84.
  • a primary image is then provided on the layer 81 for the viewer’s attention.
  • the reflectance of the reflective surface 82 allows the back layer behind the viewer to be viewed by the viewer as a reflection, and the reflection is projected in front of the retina to generate myopic defocus.
  • the object for producing the secondary image can be fixed or changeable wallpapers behind the viewer showing landscapes such as a forest or a mountain or any pictures. It is preferred that the secondary image contains a detailed pattern having sufficient contrast and a range of spatial frequency, which is a prerequisite for the projected myopically defocused image to be detected by the retina.
  • a projected landscape photo or wallpaper 84 is used in the system in Figure 4A.
  • the viewer intentionally brings the primary image displayed by the layer 90 into focus using ocular accommodation.
  • conventional spectacle correction may be needed (not shown in the figure) for the viewer to correctly focus the primary image on the retina.
  • the primary image displayed on the front layer 90 is projected in the eye as focused image 91 on the central region of the retina 92.
  • the object 93 behind the viewer providing the visual content is reflected by the mirror 95 and is projected in the eye as a myopically defocused secondary image 94 in front of the central region of the retina 92.
  • the defocused secondary image 94 in front of the central retina serves as a major source of myopic defocus signal for retarding myopia progression.
  • the object 93 may optionally further extend towards the periphery so as to project additional myopically defocused image on the peripheral retina to further boost the treatment effect.
  • the light reflectance of the reflective surface is adjustable so as to control the clarity or legibility of the primary object to be viewed.
  • the layer 81 is facing the viewer 83 and the back layer 84 by mounting onto the wall.
  • the layer 81 can be connected to or supported by a supporting structure.
  • Many different supporting structures such as a rack, a stand, a wire, an arm, and a combination thereof, may be used herein, either alone or in conjunction with each other.
  • a supporting structure may also include a structure which suspends the layer.
  • the optical system as embodied above can be further modified.
  • it may contain a visual display unit having more than one layer.
  • the primary visual contents are displayed on a front layer as the primary image for viewing continuously by the user.
  • Secondary visual contents which form the secondary image as the visual cues of myopic defocus, not requiring the user’s attention, are displayed on at least one back layer for constructing defocus images.
  • FIG. 5A shows a simplified optical system with a single reflective layer as a visual display.
  • the system is embodied as a compact form of a portable electronic device such as an electronic book reader unit 101.
  • the layer which functions as a display screen is connected to and is positioned in an upright position close to the viewer 102 by means of mechanical supporting structures such as a rack 103, which may become portable when folded.
  • Random objects 104 may present anywhere in front of the unit 101.
  • conventional spectacle correction may be needed (not shown in the figure) for the viewer to focus the primary image on the retina.
  • the viewer exerts ocular accommodation to bring the primary image as displayed by the layer to focus.
  • visual content such as text and graphics as shown on the unit are projected on the retina 112 as a focused primary image 114.
  • random secondary visual objects 113 and 115 enter the visual field of the viewer.
  • Objects 113 facing the reflective surface of the layer 120 are visible to the viewer as secondary images 122 and are projected to form myopically defocused images in front of the central retina.
  • Those defocused secondary images serve as major sources of myopic defocus 127 signal for retarding myopia progression.
  • Other objects 115 in the peripheral visual field that are positioned more distant from the unit can also project myopically defocused secondary images 129 on other parts of retina. Those images serve as auxiliary sources of myopic defocus 127 for retarding myopia progression.
  • the light reflectance of the reflective surface of the unit 101 is adjustable and more preferably controllable, for example, by electronic means such as the top emitting OLED technology, in order to maintain and optimize the legibility of the visual content under different environments and personal preference.
  • Figure 6 describes an example of electronic book reader unit 130 employing a transparent or reflective displaying layer as embodied in the present invention.
  • the unit 130 uses a contrast enhancement technology to prevent the displayed text or graphic from losing legibility due to the confusion from the defocused images of the objects behind the layer.
  • an organic light emitting diode display can be used to display the primary image.
  • Idle area 131 of the layer without text 132 or graphic 133 remains transparent or reflective (as depicted by the line-shaded areas in the figure) .
  • the displayed texts or graphics are deliberately surrounded by edges 134 of a contrasting color relative to the color of the texts or graphics to enhance contrast.
  • white text may be surrounded by black edge, or blue text may be surrounded by yellow edge, etc.
  • the primary image herein including text
  • the edge is surrounded by a contrasting color.
  • Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of the present invention which relates to an optical system for treating hyperopia.
  • Primary visual contents 142 are displayed by the back layer 140 for viewing, while secondary visual contents which do not require attention from the viewer are displayed by the front transparent layer 144.
  • the image of the primary visual contents displayed on the back layer 140 are projected in the eye as focused primary image 148.
  • Secondary visual content on the front transparent layer 144 are projected in the eye behind the retina 150 as hyperopically defocused secondary image (s) 146.
  • the defocused image serves as a major source of hyperopic defocus 152 stimuli for accelerating eye growth and reducing hyperopia.
  • FIG 8 is a schematic optical diagram of an embodiment of a non-immersive display unit, 202, of the present invention, useful, for example in an augmented reality embodiment.
  • a viewer’s eye, 210 contains a retina, 212, with a central region, 214.
  • a display, 216 is provided which forms a primary visual content, 218, on the display, 216.
  • the primary visual content, 218, is of the primary interest to the user/viewer.
  • a dioptric positive lens, 220 is provided proximal to the display, 216, and refracts the primary visual content, 218, through the dioptric lens, 220, to form a primary optical channel, 222.
  • a fully-reflective mirror, 224 is located opposite the dioptric positive lens, 220, from the display, 216.
  • the fully-reflective mirror, 224 redirects the primary optical channel, 222, towards a semi-transparent mirror, 226.
  • the semi-transparent mirror, 226, is distal from the fully-reflective mirror, 224.
  • the semi-transparent mirror is a pellicle mirror, a beam splitter, with or without a polarizer, and a combination thereof.
  • the semi-transparent mirror is adjustable; or adjustable to vary the ratio between reflectance and transparence; or is electrochromic, and/or a combination thereof. Adjusting the semi-transparent mirror’s reflectance; or the ratio between reflectance and transparence, allows the user to vary the relative intensities of the primary visual content and the secondary visual content, as seen by the eye. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that such an adjustable feature may especially be useful in a case where, for example, an augmented reality embodiment needs to adjust for indoor/outdoor situations, bright/dim light situations, etc.
  • the converged optical channel, 232, of Figure 8 forms a plurality of image planes, 234, in the eye.
  • a primary image plane, 234’, and a secondary image plane, 234” are formed.
  • the primary image plane, 234’ contains a primary image, 236, which is directly-influenced by the primary visual content, 218, and is upside-down.
  • a secondary image, 238, is located on the secondary image plane, 234” (see Figure 9) , and that the secondary image, 238, is directly influenced by the secondary visual content, 228, and is upside-down.
  • the primary image, 236, is focused on the retina, 212.
  • a dioptric distance, DD exists between the image planes, 234’, and 234” , and is determined by the optical variance between the primary optical channel, 222, and the secondary optical channel, 230.
  • the dioptric distance, DD may be adjusted by, for example, adjusting the distance, D, between the display, 216, and the dioptric positive lens, 220, by adjusting the power of the dioptric lens, 220, itself, etc.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 216 is a high dioptric power positive lens of, for example, +30 D.
  • the distance, D is 3 cm and the dioptric positive lens, 220, forms a primary optical channel, 222, of -3D negative optical vergence.
  • the dioptric distance between the two image planes, 234, specifically the primary image plane, 234’and the secondary image plane, 234” is about 3D, which is the difference between the optical vergence of the primary optical channel, 222, and the secondary optical channel, 230.
  • the dioptric positive lens has a baseline power of from about 10 D to about 100 D; or from about 25 D to about 35 D. In an embodiment herein, the dioptric positive lens is adjustable (relative to the baseline power) from about +6 D to about -6 D; or from about +3 D to about -3 D.
  • the plurality of image planes from the embodiment herein generates myopic defocus in the eye of the viewer so as to retard or reverse the progression of myopia.
  • the method further includes the step of generating myopic defocus.
  • a controller monitors the system herein so that the attention of the user’s eye, 210, is drawn to the primary visual content, 218, and therefore the primary image, 236.
  • the controller tracks and controls the primary visual content, 218, and the primary image, 236, so that the user naturally adjusts his/her accommodation to focus the primary image, 236, on the retina, 212.
  • the controller then ensures that the secondary visual content, 228, etc. are focused as the secondary image, 238, etc., respectively, having different dioptric vergence are then focused in front of the retina, at the image plane, 234’, etc. This in turn creates myopic defocus.
  • the level of myopic defocus, ocular accommodation, and a combination thereof is customized for the user; or the eye.
  • the non-immersive display unit is customized for a specific user’s eye.
  • a pair of non-immersive display units are provided with the same or different specifications, so as to simultaneously retard or reverse the progression of myopia in two eyes of the same user.
  • the non-immersive display unit herein comprises eyeglasses.
  • a pair of eyeglasses comprises the non-immersive display unit herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic optical diagram of an embodiment of an immersive display unit, 250, of the present invention, such as may be useful in, for example, a virtual reality headset or glasses.
  • a viewer’s eye, 210 contains a retina, 212, with a central area, 214.
  • a first display, 216’ is provided which forms a primary visual content, 218, which is of primary interest to the user/viewer.
  • a dioptric positive lens, 220’ here a high dioptric positive lens, is provided proximal to the first display, 216’.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220’ is placed a distance, D’, from the first display, 216’, and refracts the primary visual content, 218, to form a primary optical channel, 222.
  • a second display, 216” is provided which forms a secondary visual content, 228, which is not of primary interest to the user/viewer.
  • a dioptric positive lens, 220” herein a high dioptric positive lens, is provided proximal to the second display, 216” .
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220” is placed a distance, D” , from the second display, 216” , and refracts the secondary visual content, 228, to form a secondary optical channel, 230.
  • a third display, 216”’ is provided which forms a tertiary visual content, 252, which is not of primary interest to the user/viewer.
  • a dioptric positive lens, 220”’ herein a high dioptric positive lens, is provided proximal to the third display, 216”’.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220”’ is placed a distance, D”’, from the third display, 216”, and refracts the tertiary visual content, 252, to form a tertiary optical channel, 254.
  • the primary optical channel, 222, the secondary optical channel, 230, and the tertiary optical channel, 254, are converged by the system formed by a semi-transparent mirror, 226’, a fully-reflective mirror, 224” , and a semi-transparent mirror, 226”’, respectively.
  • the fully-reflective mirror, 224” reflects the secondary optical channel, 230, towards the semi-transparent mirror, 226”’.
  • the semi-transparent mirror, 226”’ reflects the tertiary optical channel, 254, and converges the secondary optical channel, 230, and the tertiary optical channel, 254, into a converged optical channel, 232’, which is in turn targeted towards the semi-transparent mirror, 226’.
  • the converged optical channel, 232’ contains the visual information of the secondary optical channel, 230, and the tertiary optical channel, 254.
  • the semi-transparent mirror, 226’ reflects the primary optical channel, 222, and converges the primary optical channel, 222, and the converged optical channel, 232’, which becomes the converged optical channel, 232” .
  • the converged optical channel, 232” contains the visual information of the primary optical channel, 222, the secondary optical channel, 230, and the tertiary optical channel, 254.
  • the converged optical channel 232” is in turn targeted towards the fully-reflective mirror, 224”’.
  • the fully-reflective mirror, 224”’ reflects the converged optical channel, 232”, into the eye, 210.
  • the converged optical channel, 232” of Figure 9 forms a plurality of image planes, specifically, a primary image plane, 234’, a secondary image plane, 234” , and a tertiary image plane, 234”’, are formed in the eye.
  • the primary image plane, 234’ contains a primary image, 236, which is directly-influenced by the primary visual content, 218, and is upside-down.
  • a secondary image, 238, is located on the secondary image plane, 234” .
  • the secondary image, 238, is directly influenced by the secondary visual content, 228, and is upside-down.
  • a tertiary image, 256 is located on the tertiary image plane, 234”’, and the tertiary image, 256, is directly influenced by the tertiary visual content, 252, and is also upside-down.
  • the primary image, 236, is focused on the retina, 212, while the secondary image, 238, and the tertiary image, 256, are focused in front of the retina, 212.
  • a dioptric distance, DD’, DD”, etc. exists between the image planes, 234’, 234” , and 234”’ and is determined by the optical variance between the primary optical channel, 222, the secondary optical channel, 230, and/or the primary optical channel, 222, and the tertiary optical channel, 254, whichever is greater. More specifically, the dioptric distance, DD’, is related to the difference in optical vergence between the primary optical channel, 222, and the secondary optical channel, 230. Similarly, dioptric distance, DD” , is related to the difference in optical vergence between the primary optical channel, 222, and the tertiary optical channel, 254.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220 is +29D, and is positioned a distance, D’, of 3 cm from the first display, 216’.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220 refracts the primary visual content, 218, into rays forming the primary optical channel, 222, having a negative optical vergence of -4D.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220 is +30.5D, and is positioned a distance, D” , of 3 cm from the second display, 216” .
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220” refracts the secondary visual content, 228, into rays forming the secondary optical channel, 222” , having a negative optical vergence of -2.5D.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220”’ is +32D, and is positioned a distance, D”’, of 3 cm from the third display, 216”’.
  • the dioptric positive lens, 220”’ refracts the tertiary visual content, 252, into rays forming the tertiary optical channel, 254, having a negative optical vergence of -1 D.
  • the primary visual content, 218, presented on the display, 216’ is imaged on the retina, 212, of the eye, 210, as the primary image, 236, and as this image is of primary interest to the user, induces and determine the amount of ocular accommodation.
  • the secondary visual content, 228, and the tertiary visual content, 252 are projected in the eye, 210, in front of the retina, 212, as myopically defocused images, specifically, the secondary image, 238, and tertiary image, 256, respectively.
  • the secondary image and the tertiary image generate myopic defocus, which it is believed may retard, or even reverse the progression of myopia.
  • the relative intensity of a myopically-defocused image to the primary image is controlled by an adjustable semi-transparent mirror.
  • the present invention provides for and/or generates a plurality of myopically-defocused images in the eye.
  • the optical vergence of any of the optical channels can be fine-tuned by, for example, adjusting the distances, D, the power of the lenses, etc.
  • the various mirrors, displays, lenses, etc. in the immersive display unit are arranged in 3 dimensions, may contain a plurality of optical channels, etc. and therefore do not necessarily need to be in the specific arrangement described in Figure 9.
  • FIG 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electronic control system, 280, useful herein.
  • a controller, 282 is electronically-connected to a semi-transparent mirror, 226, a display, 216, a dioptric positive lens, 220, a motor, 284, and a combination thereof, if multiple semi-transparent mirrors, displays, and/or dioptric positive lenses are present.
  • the controller typically is, or contains, a microchip and/or software which controls one or more factors such as, for example, the transparency to reflectance ratio of the semi-transparent mirror, especially if it is a electrochromic pellicle mirror, the power of the dioptric positive lens, the distance between the dioptric positive lens and the display, the distance between the mirror and the semi-transparent mirror (s) , the image (s) on the display (s) , the intensity of the display, the semi-transparent mirror, the orientation of the polarizer, the intensity of the polarizer, etc.
  • the transparency to reflectance ratio of the semi-transparent mirror especially if it is a electrochromic pellicle mirror, the power of the dioptric positive lens, the distance between the dioptric positive lens and the display, the distance between the mirror and the semi-transparent mirror (s) , the image (s) on the display (s) , the intensity of the display, the semi-transparent mirror, the orientation of the polarizer, the intensity of the polarizer
  • the non-immersive display unit is operatively-connected to a player for, contains, and/or is used for viewing entertainment selected from the group consisting of a movie, a game, a video, a show, a broadcast, a streaming video, a picture, and a combination thereof; or a video, a game, and a combination thereof; or a video game.
  • the controller is also connected to a power source, 286, which may be, for example, an electric power source; or a battery, a power outlet, a generator, and a combination thereof.
  • a power source 286, which may be, for example, an electric power source; or a battery, a power outlet, a generator, and a combination thereof.
  • the Applicant used the term “myopia” and its variations such as “myopic” herein. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, the Applicant used the term “dioptric positive lens” herein. However, one skilled in the art also understands that the present invention would be at least equally applicable to a viewer; or a user, or an eye, having hyperopia/ahyperoptic condition, and that in such cases dioptric negative lenses would also be useful herein.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour retarder ou inverser la progression de la myopie d'un spectateur (33, 52, 83 102), et des dispositifs et des systèmes immersifs et non immersifs pour un tel procédé. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à utiliser un dispositif immersif ou non immersif pour créer une pluralité de plans d'image (234, 234', 234'') dans l'œil (210) du spectateur (33, 52, 83 102). Tandis qu'un plan d'image (234, 234', 234'') est situé sur la rétine (22, 42, 62, 92, 112, 212), au moins un plan d'image (234, 234', 234'') n'est pas sur la rétine (22, 42, 62, 92, 112, 212), générant ainsi une défocalisation myopique.
PCT/CN2018/114149 2017-12-11 2018-11-06 Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes d'inhibition de la progression des troubles de la réfraction oculaire WO2019114463A1 (fr)

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