WO2019113997A1 - Micro-ct-based method for measuring flow velocity of assimilation products of rosaceae crop - Google Patents

Micro-ct-based method for measuring flow velocity of assimilation products of rosaceae crop Download PDF

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WO2019113997A1
WO2019113997A1 PCT/CN2017/117153 CN2017117153W WO2019113997A1 WO 2019113997 A1 WO2019113997 A1 WO 2019113997A1 CN 2017117153 W CN2017117153 W CN 2017117153W WO 2019113997 A1 WO2019113997 A1 WO 2019113997A1
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rosaceae
cross
sectional area
crop
micro
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Chinese (zh)
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倪纪恒
周婧宇
董景涛
毛罕平
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江苏大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G01N2021/3155—Measuring in two spectral ranges, e.g. UV and visible
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/40—Imaging
    • G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/619—Specific applications or type of materials wood

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops based on Micro-CT.
  • Rosaceae crops are a unified body of energy flow and material transportation.
  • the formation of Rosaceae crop yield requires the “source” to produce assimilation products, which are then transported to the reservoir through the transport organization in the form of assimilated product streams, and finally the yield is formed in the reservoir. .
  • the accumulation process of assimilation products in the “library” is restricted by the supply capacity of “source”, the competitiveness of “library” and the transport capacity of the transport organization between “source-library”.
  • the ability of the transporting ability of the transporting tissue between the "source-library” is determined by the vascular bundle of the stem of the Rosaceae crop, and the strength of the flow and the area of the vascular bundle are highly correlated with the number.
  • the current research mainly focuses on the research on source and library regulation, while the research on convection is less.
  • the methods for measuring the speed of assimilation product flow mainly include aphid kiss and isotope tracer method; the aphid kiss method causes damage to crops and is easy to cause crop diseases.
  • the isotope tracer method is easy to cause radioactive damage to operators.
  • the present invention establishes a method for determining the flow rate of assimilation products by studying the relationship between the assimilation product stream and the stem vascular bundle, and provides a theory for plant type construction and pruning management of Rosaceae crops. in accordance with.
  • the present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical solutions.
  • a method for determining the flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Establish a relationship between the cross-sectional area of the Rosaceae crop screen based on Micro-CT and the cross-sectional area of the stem, and determine the cross-sectional area of the screen of the Rosaceae crops measured;
  • Step 2 Determine the concentration of assimilation products at the ends of the Rosaceae crops by hyperspectral imager
  • Step 3 Calculate the flow rate of the inter-segmental assimilation product using the concentration at both ends of the Rosaceae crop and the cross-sectional area of the screen.
  • the calculation formula of the cross-sectional area y of the sieve is The screen is considered to be a cylinder, d is the diameter of the screen, and m is the cross-sectional area of the screen.
  • the different concentrations of the mannitol solution are obtained by dissolving different masses of mannitol in distilled water and then diluting to a volumetric volumetric flask.
  • the concentration of the assimilation product at the tip of a section of the Rosaceae crop is C1
  • the concentration of the assimilation product at the bottom is C2
  • the measured times are T1 and T2, respectively, at (T2-T1).
  • the amount of assimilation product passing through this section during the time period is (C1 ⁇ S1-C2 ⁇ S2), where S1 and S2 are the cross-sectional areas of the top and bottom screens respectively; then the internodes are assimilated in the T1 and T2 time periods.
  • the flow rate of the product (C1 x S1-C2 x S2) / (T2-T1).
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the current methods for determining the flow rate of assimilation products are mainly aphid kiss needle method and isotope tracer method. Although these two methods can well determine the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops, there are deficiencies that are easy to cause diseases and cause harm to operators.
  • the method for measuring the assimilation product flow velocity provided by the present invention overcomes the current determination method. The deficiency of the assimilation products of Rosaceae crops is better determined, which provides a theoretical basis for plant type management and pruning technology of Rosaceae crops.
  • Figure 1 is a CT image of a third internode screen scan of a peach tree.
  • the method for determining the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops based on Micro-CT is based on the following steps:
  • the image of the stem of the peach tree was obtained by Micro-CT
  • the diameter of the sieve tube was determined by the image
  • the cross-sectional area of the sieve tube was calculated according to the diameter of the sieve tube.
  • use the vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the inter-section, calculate the cross-sectional area of the inter-section; then establish the mathematical formula of the cross-sectional area of the screen and the inter-section cross-sectional area; finally, the near-infrared spectroscopy method is used to determine the vascular bundle at the ends of the stem
  • the concentration of mannitol was calculated from the difference in concentration of mannitol in the vascular bundle at both ends to calculate the flow rate of the assimilation product.
  • the first step is to determine the cross-sectional area of the screen between the sections.
  • the diameter of the internode is measured by a vernier caliper, and then the cross-sectional area of the internode is calculated, that is, the cross-sectional area of the stem;
  • the cross-sectional area of the inter-section is measured by a vernier caliper, and the cross-sectional area of the inter-section screen can be directly obtained by using the formula (1).
  • the second step is to determine the concentration of assimilation products at the ends of the peach tree
  • the transport of assimilated product streams in peach trees is transported in the form of mannitol, and the hyper-spectral imaging system (near-infrared-visible imaging system) is used to scan the top and bottom ends of an internode to obtain this internode.
  • the intensity of the sensitive broadcast of mannitol at both ends was entered into the mannitol concentration prediction model, and the mannitol concentration at both ends of the internode was calculated.
  • the third step is to calculate the flow rate of the assimilation product of the peach tree.
  • the mannitol concentration at the top of a certain internode of the peach tree is C1
  • the concentration of mannitol at the bottom is C2
  • the measured times are T1 and T2, respectively, and then pass through this internode during the (T2-T1) time period.
  • the amount of assimilation product is (C1 ⁇ S1-C2 ⁇ S2), wherein S1 and S2 are the cross-sectional areas of the top and bottom screens respectively (by taking the diameter of the stems between the ends of the ends, and then using step 1); Then, the flow rate of the assimilation product (C1 ⁇ S1 - C2 ⁇ S2) / (T2-T1) during the period of T1 and T2.
  • Step 1 Establish a calculation formula based on the cross-sectional area of the Micro-CT peach tree screen and the cross-sectional area of the stem
  • the scanning site is the third section of the peach tree
  • Figure 1 shows the screen between the third section.
  • the diameter of the screen is determined by the scale in the figure. As shown in Figure 1, the diameter of the screen is d1-d8, and the screen is regarded as a cylinder.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the screen tubes are respectively m1, m2, ..., m8, and m is the cross-sectional area of the screen tubes; in the figure, the number of screen tubes is 8, and the diameter of each screen tube is 14, 16, 26, 23, respectively.
  • the cross-sectional area of each screen is 153.86, 200.96, 530.66, 415.27, 615.44, 153.86, 226.87, 176.63, 346.19, 490.63 ⁇ m 2
  • the cross-sectional area of the screen is 2473.55 ⁇ m 2
  • the cross-sectional area is 28260000 ⁇ m 2 ; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the screen to the cross-sectional area of the inter-section, the cross-sectional area of the stem and the cross-sectional area of the screen as follows:
  • y is the cross-sectional area of the screen, and x is the cross-sectional area of the stem, and the unit is ⁇ m 2 ;
  • Step 2 Determination of mannitol concentration at the two ends
  • mannitol analytical grade
  • 1 ml of the mannitol solution was taken up in a Petri dish, flattened, and then air-dried; the dish after air drying was subjected to a hyperspectral imager (near The infrared-visible spectrometer was scanned to obtain the spectral characteristics of different concentrations of mannitol solution, and the spectral characteristic values of different concentrations of mannitol solution were extracted.
  • the corresponding equations for establishing the characteristic value and mannitol concentration were as follows:
  • C is the concentration of mannitol
  • X 1 X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are the reflection intensities of sensitive wavelengths 452, 927.61, 1129.52, and 1316.69 nm, respectively, and the values are obtained by an experimental hyperspectral imager.
  • the prediction model for mannitol concentration is:
  • the top and bottom of any section of the peach tree were scanned by hyperspectral imager (near-infrared-visible spectrometer), and then the spectral characteristics at both ends were analyzed to extract the reflection intensity X 1 of sensitive wavelengths 452, 927.61, 1129.52, 1316.69 nm, X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , and then substitute the reflection intensities X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 of the four sensitive wavelengths into the formula (3) to obtain the mannitol concentration at the top and bottom of the third internode ; Record the measurement time at the same time.
  • hyperspectral imager near-infrared-visible spectrometer
  • Step 3 Calculation of assimilation product flow rate
  • the mannitol concentration at the top of a certain internode of the peach tree was 30 g/L, and the concentration of mannitol at the bottom was 40 g/L.
  • the top and bottom screens were measured.
  • the cross-sectional areas were 2600 ⁇ m 2 and 3000 ⁇ m 2 , respectively, and the flow rate of the assimilated product during the period of T1 and T2 during the period of (10:00-11:00) was 0.048 g/hr.

Abstract

Disclosed is a Micro-CT-based method for measuring the flow velocity of assimilation products of a Rosaceae crop, comprising the following steps: step 1) establishing a Micro-CT-based calculation formula for fibrovascular bundle cross-section area and stem cross-section area of a Rosaceae crop, and determining fibrovascular bundle cross-section areas of internodes of the measured Rosaceae crop; step 2) determining the concentrations of assimilation products at two ends of the internodes of the Rosaceae crop, and determining the concentrations of the mannitol at the two ends of the internodes by using an established near-infrared spectrum-based mannitol measurement method; step 3) calculating the flow velocity of the assimilation products of the internodes by using concentration fields at the two ends of the internodes and fibrovascular bundle cross-section areas. The present invention overcomes the defects in the aspect of assimilation product flow velocity measurement in the past, provides a theoretical foundation for plant type structure and pruning management of the Rosaceae crop in our country, and promotes at some degree the improvement of peach culture technology of our country.

Description

基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法Method for determining the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops based on Micro-CT 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于果树栽培技术领域，具体涉及基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops based on Micro-CT.
背景技术Background technique
蔷薇科作物是一个能量流动、物质运输的统一体，蔷薇科作物产量的形成需要“源”产生同化产物，然后经过输导组织以同化产物流的形式输送到库中，最终在库中形成产量。“库”中同化产物的积累过程受到“源”的供应能力、“库”的竞争能力及“源-库”间输导组织的运输能力三方面的制约。“源-库”间输导组织的运输能力即流的能力由蔷薇科作物茎部的维管束决定,流的强弱和维管束的面积与数目高度相关。目前的研究主要集中在对源、库调节方面的研究，而对流的研究较少。目前关于同化产物流的速度的测定方法主要有蚜虫吻刺法和同位素示踪法；蚜虫吻刺法对作物造成伤害，易引发作物病害,同位素示踪法中同位素易对操作者造成放射性伤害。Rosaceae crops are a unified body of energy flow and material transportation. The formation of Rosaceae crop yield requires the “source” to produce assimilation products, which are then transported to the reservoir through the transport organization in the form of assimilated product streams, and finally the yield is formed in the reservoir. . The accumulation process of assimilation products in the “library” is restricted by the supply capacity of “source”, the competitiveness of “library” and the transport capacity of the transport organization between “source-library”. The ability of the transporting ability of the transporting tissue between the "source-library" is determined by the vascular bundle of the stem of the Rosaceae crop, and the strength of the flow and the area of the vascular bundle are highly correlated with the number. The current research mainly focuses on the research on source and library regulation, while the research on convection is less. At present, the methods for measuring the speed of assimilation product flow mainly include aphid kiss and isotope tracer method; the aphid kiss method causes damage to crops and is easy to cause crop diseases. The isotope tracer method is easy to cause radioactive damage to operators.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术中的不足，本发明通过对同化产物流与茎的维管束之间关系的研究，建立一种同化产物流速度的测定方法，为蔷薇科作物的株型构建和整枝管理提供理论依据。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention establishes a method for determining the flow rate of assimilation products by studying the relationship between the assimilation product stream and the stem vascular bundle, and provides a theory for plant type construction and pruning management of Rosaceae crops. in accordance with.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现上述技术目的的。The present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical solutions.
基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，包括以下步骤：A method for determining the flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：建立基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的关系式，确定所测蔷薇科作物节间的筛管横截面积；Step 1: Establish a relationship between the cross-sectional area of the Rosaceae crop screen based on Micro-CT and the cross-sectional area of the stem, and determine the cross-sectional area of the screen of the Rosaceae crops measured;
步骤2：采用超光谱图像仪确定蔷薇科作物节间两端的同化产物浓度；Step 2: Determine the concentration of assimilation products at the ends of the Rosaceae crops by hyperspectral imager;
步骤3：利用蔷薇科作物节间两端的浓度和筛管横截面积计算节间同化产物的流速。Step 3: Calculate the flow rate of the inter-segmental assimilation product using the concentration at both ends of the Rosaceae crop and the cross-sectional area of the screen.
进一步，所述步骤1中筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的关系式为y＝8×10 -5x，其中y为筛管横截面积，x为茎部横截面积；所述筛管横截面积y的计算公式为
Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-000001
将筛管视为圆柱体，d为筛管直径，m为筛管横截面积。 Further, the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the screen and the cross-sectional area of the stem in the step 1 is y=8×10 −5 x, wherein y is the cross-sectional area of the screen, and x is the cross-sectional area of the stem; The calculation formula of the cross-sectional area y of the sieve is
Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-000001
The screen is considered to be a cylinder, d is the diameter of the screen, and m is the cross-sectional area of the screen.
进一步，所述步骤2中通过超光谱图像仪扫描蔷薇科作物节间两端，获取两端同化产物敏感波长的反射强度，将反射强度代入甘露醇浓度预测模型 C＝K 0+K 1×X 1+K 2×X 2+K 3×X 3+K 4×X 4中，计算出此节间两端的甘露醇浓度，公式中C为甘露醇浓度；K 0、K 1、K 2、K 3、K 4为不同浓度的甘露醇溶液的光谱特征值，K 0、K 1、K 2、K 3、K 4采用超光谱图像仪扫描获得，其取值为5.07、-1120、52、833、-640；X 1、X 2、X 3、X 4分别为敏感波长452、927.61、1129.52、1316.69nm的反射强度；则甘露醇浓度预测模型为C＝5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1+52×X 2+833×X 3+(-640)×X 4。 Further, in step 2, the two ends of the Rosaceae crop are scanned by a hyperspectral imager to obtain the reflection intensity of the sensitive wavelength of the assimilated products at both ends, and the reflection intensity is substituted into the mannitol concentration prediction model C=K 0 +K 1 ×X In 1 + K 2 × X 2 + K 3 × X 3 + K 4 × X 4 , the mannitol concentration at both ends of the internode is calculated, where C is the concentration of mannitol; K 0 , K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 is the spectral characteristic value of different concentrations of mannitol solution, K 0 , K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 are obtained by scanning with hyperspectral imager, and the values are 5.07, -1120, 52, 833. , -640; X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 are the reflection intensities of sensitive wavelengths 452, 927.61, 1129.52, 1316.69 nm, respectively; then the mannitol concentration prediction model is C=5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1 + 52 × X 2 + 833 × X 3 + (-640) × X 4 .
更进一步，所述不同浓度的甘露醇溶液由不同质量的甘露醇溶解于蒸馏水中，然后定容至定量的容量瓶中得到。Further, the different concentrations of the mannitol solution are obtained by dissolving different masses of mannitol in distilled water and then diluting to a volumetric volumetric flask.
进一步，所述步骤3中假定测得的蔷薇科作物某一节间顶端的同化产物浓度为C1，底部的同化产物浓度为C2，测得时间分别为T1和T2，则在(T2-T1)时间段内通过此节间的同化产物量为(C1×S1-C2×S2)，其中S1、S2分别为顶端和底部的筛管横截面积；则此节间在T1和T2时间段内同化产物的流速(C1×S1-C2×S2)/(T2-T1)。Further, in the step 3, it is assumed that the concentration of the assimilation product at the tip of a section of the Rosaceae crop is C1, the concentration of the assimilation product at the bottom is C2, and the measured times are T1 and T2, respectively, at (T2-T1). The amount of assimilation product passing through this section during the time period is (C1×S1-C2×S2), where S1 and S2 are the cross-sectional areas of the top and bottom screens respectively; then the internodes are assimilated in the T1 and T2 time periods. The flow rate of the product (C1 x S1-C2 x S2) / (T2-T1).
本发明的有益效果为：目前同化产物流速的测定方法主要为蚜虫吻针法和同位素示踪法。这两种方法虽然可以很好的测定蔷薇科作物的同化产物的流动速度，但存在易引发病害和对操作者造成伤害的不足，本发明提供的同化产物流速度的测定方法克服了目前测定方法的不足，较好的测定了蔷薇科作物的同化产物的流动速度，为蔷薇科作物的株型管理和整枝技术提供了理论依据。The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the current methods for determining the flow rate of assimilation products are mainly aphid kiss needle method and isotope tracer method. Although these two methods can well determine the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops, there are deficiencies that are easy to cause diseases and cause harm to operators. The method for measuring the assimilation product flow velocity provided by the present invention overcomes the current determination method. The deficiency of the assimilation products of Rosaceae crops is better determined, which provides a theoretical basis for plant type management and pruning technology of Rosaceae crops.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为桃树第三节间筛管扫描的CT图。Figure 1 is a CT image of a third internode screen scan of a peach tree.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但是本发明的保护范围并不限于此。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法以桃树为例，按照下述步骤进行：The method for determining the flow rate of assimilation products of Rosaceae crops based on Micro-CT is based on the following steps:
首先采用Micro-CT获取桃树茎部的图像，通过图像确定筛管的直径，依据筛管的直径计算出筛管的横截面积。然后采用游标卡尺测定节间的直径，计算出节间的横截面积；然后建立筛管横截面积与节间横截面积的数学公式；最后采用近红外光谱法测定茎部节间两端维管束中甘露醇的浓度，依据两端维管束中甘露醇的浓度差来计算同化产物的流速。Firstly, the image of the stem of the peach tree was obtained by Micro-CT, the diameter of the sieve tube was determined by the image, and the cross-sectional area of the sieve tube was calculated according to the diameter of the sieve tube. Then use the vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the inter-section, calculate the cross-sectional area of the inter-section; then establish the mathematical formula of the cross-sectional area of the screen and the inter-section cross-sectional area; finally, the near-infrared spectroscopy method is used to determine the vascular bundle at the ends of the stem The concentration of mannitol was calculated from the difference in concentration of mannitol in the vascular bundle at both ends to calculate the flow rate of the assimilation product.
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
第一步，确定节间的筛管横截面积The first step is to determine the cross-sectional area of the screen between the sections.
(1)建立基于Micro-CT的桃树筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的计算公式(1) Establishing a formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the peach-tree screen and the cross-sectional area of the stem based on Micro-CT
1)用Micro-CT扫描桃树茎部某一节间，获得桃树节间的CT图像，在CT图像上找到桃树茎部的筛管，即可获取桃树此节间筛管的数量和直径，根据CT图像上的比例尺，计算此节间筛管的横截面积；1) Scan a certain section of the peach tree stem with Micro-CT to obtain the CT image of the peach tree internode, and find the sieve tube of the peach tree stem on the CT image to obtain the number of sieves in the internode of the peach tree. And the diameter, according to the scale on the CT image, calculate the cross-sectional area of the inter-section screen;
2)采用游标卡尺测定此节间的直径，然后计算出此节间的横截面积，即茎部横截面积；2) The diameter of the internode is measured by a vernier caliper, and then the cross-sectional area of the internode is calculated, that is, the cross-sectional area of the stem;
3)由筛管横截面积与节间横截面积的比值，建立二者的关系式；3) establish the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the screen and the inter-section cross-sectional area;
(2)获取所测得节间的筛管横截面积(2) Obtaining the measured cross-sectional area of the screen between the joints
采用游标卡尺测定节间的横截面积，利用公式(1)可直接得到节间的筛管横截面积。The cross-sectional area of the inter-section is measured by a vernier caliper, and the cross-sectional area of the inter-section screen can be directly obtained by using the formula (1).
第二步，确定桃树节间两端的同化产物浓度The second step is to determine the concentration of assimilation products at the ends of the peach tree
对于桃树来说，同化产物流在桃树中的运输以甘露醇的形式进行运输，采用超光谱成像系统(近红外-可见光成像系统)扫描某一节间顶端和低端，获取此节间两端甘露醇的敏感播出的反射强度，将反射强度输入甘露醇浓度预测模型中，计算出此节间两端的甘露醇浓度。For peach trees, the transport of assimilated product streams in peach trees is transported in the form of mannitol, and the hyper-spectral imaging system (near-infrared-visible imaging system) is used to scan the top and bottom ends of an internode to obtain this internode. The intensity of the sensitive broadcast of mannitol at both ends was entered into the mannitol concentration prediction model, and the mannitol concentration at both ends of the internode was calculated.
第三步，计算桃树节间同化产物的流速The third step is to calculate the flow rate of the assimilation product of the peach tree.
假定测得的桃树某一节间顶端的甘露醇浓度为C1，底端的甘露醇浓度为C2，测得时间分别为T1和T2，则在(T2-T1)时间段内通过此节间的同化产物量为(C1×S1-C2×S2)，其中S1、S2分别为顶端和底端筛管的横截面积(通过量取两端的茎部节间的直径，然后利用步骤1得到)；则此节间在T1和T2时间段内同化产物的流速(C1×S1-C2×S2)/(T2-T1)。Assume that the mannitol concentration at the top of a certain internode of the peach tree is C1, the concentration of mannitol at the bottom is C2, and the measured times are T1 and T2, respectively, and then pass through this internode during the (T2-T1) time period. The amount of assimilation product is (C1×S1-C2×S2), wherein S1 and S2 are the cross-sectional areas of the top and bottom screens respectively (by taking the diameter of the stems between the ends of the ends, and then using step 1); Then, the flow rate of the assimilation product (C1 × S1 - C2 × S2) / (T2-T1) during the period of T1 and T2.
具体实例：Specific examples:
步骤1:建立基于Micro-CT桃树筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的计算公式Step 1: Establish a calculation formula based on the cross-sectional area of the Micro-CT peach tree screen and the cross-sectional area of the stem
(1)选取正常生长的桃树植株，然后将桃树植株放置于Micro-CT的测定桶中进行扫描，(1) selecting normal growing peach plants, and then placing the peach plants in a Micro-CT measuring barrel for scanning.
扫描部位为桃树第三节；The scanning site is the third section of the peach tree;
(2)对扫描的CT图像进行分析，具体如下：(2) Analysis of the scanned CT image, as follows:
找出图像中筛管的数量和直径，计算茎部筛管的横截面积；Find the number and diameter of the screen tubes in the image and calculate the cross-sectional area of the stem screen;
图1为第三节间的筛管，利用图中的比例尺求得筛管的直径。如图1中，筛管直径分别为d1-d8，将筛管视为圆柱体，由公式
Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-000002
分别得到筛管的横截面积分别为m1、m2……m8，m为筛管的横截面积；图中，筛管数为8，每个筛管直径分别为14、16、26、23、28、14、17、15μm，则每个筛管的横截面积分别为153.86、200.96、530.66、415.27、615.44、153.86、226.87、176.63、346.19、490.63μm 2，筛管横截面积为2473.55μm 2；利用游标卡尺测量第三节直径，为3000um，其横截面积为28260000μm 2；由筛管横截面积与节间横截面积的比值，得茎部横截面积与筛管横截面积的关系式如下： Figure 1 shows the screen between the third section. The diameter of the screen is determined by the scale in the figure. As shown in Figure 1, the diameter of the screen is d1-d8, and the screen is regarded as a cylinder.
Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-000002
The cross-sectional areas of the screen tubes are respectively m1, m2, ..., m8, and m is the cross-sectional area of the screen tubes; in the figure, the number of screen tubes is 8, and the diameter of each screen tube is 14, 16, 26, 23, respectively. 28, 14, 17, 15μm, the cross-sectional area of each screen is 153.86, 200.96, 530.66, 415.27, 615.44, 153.86, 226.87, 176.63, 346.19, 490.63μm 2 , and the cross-sectional area of the screen is 2473.55μm 2 Using a vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the third section, 3000um, the cross-sectional area is 28260000μm 2 ; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the screen to the cross-sectional area of the inter-section, the cross-sectional area of the stem and the cross-sectional area of the screen as follows:
y＝8×10 -5x       (1) y=8×10 -5 x (1)
公式中y为筛管横截面积，x为茎部横截面积，单位均为μm 2； In the formula, y is the cross-sectional area of the screen, and x is the cross-sectional area of the stem, and the unit is μm 2 ;
步骤2：第三节间两端甘露醇浓度的测定Step 2: Determination of mannitol concentration at the two ends
(1)甘露醇浓度模型的确定(1) Determination of mannitol concentration model
称取质量为5克、4克、3克、2克和1克的甘露醇(分析纯)，分别溶解于蒸馏水中，然后定容至100毫升容量瓶中，分别得到浓度为50％、40％、30％、20％和10％的甘露醇溶液，从配制的甘露醇溶液中分别吸取1ml滴在培养皿中，涂平，然后风干；将风干后的培养皿采用超光谱图像仪(近红外-可见光光谱仪)进行扫描，获取不同浓度的甘露醇溶液的光谱特征，提取不同浓度的甘露醇溶液的光谱特征值，建立特征值与甘露醇浓度的对 应方程如下：Weigh 5 g, 4 g, 3 g, 2 g and 1 g of mannitol (analytical grade), dissolved in distilled water, and then dilute to a 100 ml volumetric flask to obtain a concentration of 50%, 40 %, 30%, 20% and 10% mannitol solution, respectively, 1 ml of the mannitol solution was taken up in a Petri dish, flattened, and then air-dried; the dish after air drying was subjected to a hyperspectral imager (near The infrared-visible spectrometer was scanned to obtain the spectral characteristics of different concentrations of mannitol solution, and the spectral characteristic values of different concentrations of mannitol solution were extracted. The corresponding equations for establishing the characteristic value and mannitol concentration were as follows:
C＝K 0+K 1×X 1+K 2×X 2++K 3×X 3++K 4×X 4     (2) C=K 0 +K 1 ×X 1 +K 2 ×X 2 ++K 3 ×X 3 ++K 4 ×X 4 (2)
公式中，C为甘露醇浓度；K 0、K 1、K 2、K 3、K 4为光谱特征值，由光谱特征得其取值为5.07、-1120、52、833、-640；X 1、X 2、X 3、X 4分别为敏感波长452、927.61、1129.52、1316.69nm的反射强度，其值由实验时超光谱图像仪获取。 In the formula, C is the concentration of mannitol; K 0, K 1, K 2, K 3, K 4 for the spectral characteristic values, the value of the spectral characteristic obtaining 5.07, -1120,52,833, -640; X 1 X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are the reflection intensities of sensitive wavelengths 452, 927.61, 1129.52, and 1316.69 nm, respectively, and the values are obtained by an experimental hyperspectral imager.
则甘露醇浓度的预测模型为：The prediction model for mannitol concentration is:
C＝5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1+52×X 2+833×X 3+(-640)×X 4    (3) C=5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1 +52×X 2 +833×X 3 +(-640)×X 4 (3)
(2)桃树节间两端甘露醇浓度的测定(2) Determination of mannitol concentration at the ends of peach trees
采用超光谱图像仪(近红外-可见光光谱仪)对桃树任一节间的顶端和底部进行扫描，然后分析两端的光谱特征，提取敏感波长452、927.61、1129.52、1316.69nm的反射强度X 1、X 2、X 3、X 4，然后将四个敏感波长的反射强度X 1、X 2、X 3、X 4代入公式(3)中，即可得到第三节间顶端和底端的甘露醇浓度；同时记录测定时间。 The top and bottom of any section of the peach tree were scanned by hyperspectral imager (near-infrared-visible spectrometer), and then the spectral characteristics at both ends were analyzed to extract the reflection intensity X 1 of sensitive wavelengths 452, 927.61, 1129.52, 1316.69 nm, X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , and then substitute the reflection intensities X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 of the four sensitive wavelengths into the formula (3) to obtain the mannitol concentration at the top and bottom of the third internode ; Record the measurement time at the same time.
步骤3：同化产物流速的计算Step 3: Calculation of assimilation product flow rate
测得的桃树某一节间顶端的甘露醇浓度为30克/升，底端的甘露醇浓度为40克/升，测得时间分别为10:00和11:00，顶端和底端筛管的横截面积分别为2600μm 2和3000μm 2，则在(10:00-11:00)时间段此节间在T1和T2时间段内同化产物的流速0.048克/小时。 The mannitol concentration at the top of a certain internode of the peach tree was 30 g/L, and the concentration of mannitol at the bottom was 40 g/L. The measured time was 10:00 and 11:00, respectively. The top and bottom screens were measured. The cross-sectional areas were 2600 μm 2 and 3000 μm 2 , respectively, and the flow rate of the assimilated product during the period of T1 and T2 during the period of (10:00-11:00) was 0.048 g/hr.
以上所述对本发明进行了简单说明，并不受上述工作范围限值，只要采取本发明思路和工作方法进行简单修改运用到其他设备，或在不改变本发明主要构思原理下做出改进和润饰的等行为，均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description of the present invention is briefly described, and is not limited to the above-mentioned working range limits, as long as the invention and the working method are used for simple modification and application to other devices, or improvement and retouching without changing the main concept principle of the present invention. The behaviors are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. 基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for determining a flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT, comprising the steps of:
    步骤1：建立基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的关系式，确定所测蔷薇科作物节间的筛管横截面积；Step 1: Establish a relationship between the cross-sectional area of the Rosaceae crop screen based on Micro-CT and the cross-sectional area of the stem, and determine the cross-sectional area of the screen of the Rosaceae crops measured;
    步骤2：采用超光谱图像仪确定蔷薇科作物节间两端的同化产物浓度；Step 2: Determine the concentration of assimilation products at the ends of the Rosaceae crops by hyperspectral imager;
    步骤3：利用蔷薇科作物节间两端的浓度和筛管横截面积计算节间同化产物的流速。Step 3: Calculate the flow rate of the inter-segmental assimilation product using the concentration at both ends of the Rosaceae crop and the cross-sectional area of the screen.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中筛管横截面积与茎部横截面积的关系式为y＝8×10 -5x，其中y为筛管横截面积，x为茎部横截面积。 The method for determining the flow rate of an assortment product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the screen tube and the cross-sectional area of the stem portion in the step 1 is y=8×. 10 -5 x, where y is the cross-sectional area of the screen and x is the cross-sectional area of the stem.
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述筛管横截面积y的计算公式为
    Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-100001
    将筛管视为圆柱体，d为筛管直径，m为筛管横截面积。     The method for determining the flow rate of an assortment product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calculation formula of the cross-sectional area y of the sieve tube is
    Figure PCTCN2017117153-appb-100001
    The screen is considered to be a cylinder, d is the diameter of the screen, and m is the cross-sectional area of the screen.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中通过超光谱图像仪扫描蔷薇科作物节间两端，获取两端同化产物敏感波长的反射强度，将反射强度代入甘露醇浓度预测模型中，计算出此节间两端的甘露醇浓度。The method for determining the flow rate of an assortment product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the two ends of the Rosaceae crop are scanned by a hyperspectral imager to obtain the assimilated products at both ends. The reflection intensity of the sensitive wavelength is substituted into the mannitol concentration prediction model, and the mannitol concentration at both ends of the internode is calculated.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述甘露醇浓度预测模型为C＝K 0+K 1×X 1+K 2×X 2+K 3×X 3+K 4×X 4，公式中C为甘露醇浓度；K 0、K 1、K 2、K 3、K 4为不同浓度的甘露醇溶液的光谱特征值，K 0、K 1、K 2、K 3、K 4采用超光谱图像仪扫描获得，其取值为5.07、-1120、52、833、-640；X 1、X 2、X 3、X 4分别为敏感波长452、927.61、1129.52、1316.69nm的反射强度。 The method for determining the flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae based on Micro-CT according to claim 4, wherein the mannitol concentration prediction model is C=K 0 +K 1 ×X 1 +K 2 ×X 2 +K 3 ×X 3 +K 4 ×X 4 , where C is the concentration of mannitol; K 0 , K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 are the spectral characteristic values of different concentrations of mannitol solution, K 0 , K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4 are obtained by scanning with a hyperspectral imager, and the values are 5.07, -1120, 52, 833, and -640; X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are sensitive wavelengths, respectively. Reflection intensity of 452, 927.61, 1129.52, 1316.69 nm.
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，甘露醇浓度预测模型为 C＝5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1+52×X 2+833×X 3+(-640)×X 4。 The method for determining the flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae based on Micro-CT according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mannitol concentration prediction model is C=5.01+(-1120.52)×X 1 +52×X 2 . +833×X 3 +(-640)×X 4 .
  7. 如权利要求5所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述不同浓度的甘露醇溶液由不同质量的甘露醇溶解于蒸馏水中，然后定容至定量的容量瓶中得到。The method for determining the flow rate of an assortment product of a Rosaceae crop based on Micro-CT according to claim 5, wherein the different concentrations of the mannitol solution are dissolved in distilled water by different masses of mannitol, and then the volume is adjusted to a certain amount. The volumetric flask is obtained.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的基于Micro-CT的蔷薇科作物同化产物流速的测定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中假定测得的蔷薇科作物某一节间顶端的同化产物浓度为C1，底部的同化产物浓度为C2，测得时间分别为T1和T2，则在(T2-T1)时间段内通过此节间的同化产物量为(C1×S1-C2×S2)，其中S1、S2分别为顶端和底部的筛管横截面积；则此节间在T1和T2时间段内同化产物的流速(C1×S1-C2×S2)/(T2-T1)。The method for determining the flow rate of an assimilation product of a Rosaceae based on Micro-CT according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 assumes that the concentration of the assimilation product at the tip of an internode of the Rosaceae crop is C1. The concentration of the assimilation product at the bottom is C2, and the measured times are T1 and T2, respectively, and the amount of assimilation product passing through this internode during the (T2-T1) time period is (C1×S1-C2×S2), where S1 and S2 The cross-sectional area of the top and bottom screens respectively; then the flow rate of the assimilated product during the T1 and T2 periods (C1 × S1 - C2 × S2) / (T2-T1).
PCT/CN2017/117153 2017-12-14 2017-12-19 Micro-ct-based method for measuring flow velocity of assimilation products of rosaceae crop WO2019113997A1 (en)

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