CN108184564B - Method for constructing assimilation product distribution model of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops - Google Patents
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 62
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 26
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010603 microCT Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model, which comprises the following steps: step 1) determining the concentration of sucrose at the leaf stalks and fruit stalks of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops; step 2) determining the cross-sectional areas of the sieve tubes at the leaf handles and the fruit handles of the greenhouse solanaceous crops according to the relational expression of the cross-sectional areas of the leaf handles and the fruit handles and the cross-sectional areas of the sieve tubes; step 3) determining the sucrose distribution index of fruits and stems of greenhouse solanaceous crops; and 4) calculating the effective accumulated temperature of greenhouse solanaceous crops on any day, then carrying out formula fitting on the effective accumulated temperature and the sucrose distribution proportion of each organ, and establishing a sucrose-based greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model. The invention provides a theoretical basis for establishing a plant type structure suitable for climatic characteristics in greenhouse solanaceous fruit crop cultivation, and has a certain promotion effect on improving the technical level of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crop cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of facility cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model.
Background
Solanaceous crops are one of main crops for greenhouse cultivation, and a greenhouse crop growth simulation model is a powerful tool for greenhouse environment regulation and production management.
In the research of greenhouse solanaceous crop growth and development simulation, the distribution of assimilation products is an important link in a greenhouse growth and development simulation model. Since the mechanism of assimilation product distribution is not clear, assimilation product distribution is still the weakest part in the current greenhouse growth simulation model. The current method of research in the distribution of assimilation products is to determine the dry weight of each organ by destructive sampling, and then calculate the ratio of each part as a function of the growth period or the effective accumulated temperature or the radiant heat accumulated. This modeling approach suffers from the following disadvantages: 1. due to the fact that sample errors exist among crops, destructive sampling is adopted, certain problems exist in modeling data, for example, the dry weight of the last sampling is higher than that of the next sampling, and certain troubles are brought to the establishment of a model; 2. different from field crops, the yield of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops is calculated according to the fresh weight, a traditional crop growth model simulates the dry weight, in order to convert the dry weight into the fresh weight, parameters of the dry matter content of fruits are introduced by predecessors, but the parameters of the dry matter content of the fruits are influenced by multiple factors such as temperature, radiation, source-to-reservoir ratio and the like, and are difficult to accurately obtain.
In the current research on the assimilation product distribution simulation model of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops, the assimilation product distribution model based on the source library theory is the most mechanistic model at present. The source and sink represent the production and uptake capacity of the crop organ for the assimilate, respectively. Currently, the leaf area is generally adopted to represent the source, and the potential growth rate of the fruit is used for representing the strength of the library. The essence of the growth of greenhouse solanaceous crops is that leaves utilize light energy to absorb carbon dioxide to form assimilation products, and then the assimilation products are transported to each organ in the form of cane sugar. It follows that the current standard methods for source library intensity suffer from the following disadvantages: 1. the source library has the problem of heterogeneity in characterization; 2. the library characterization methods fail to adequately characterize the absorptive capacity of the crop organs for the assimilates.
In view of the above, the invention designs a method for establishing assimilation product allocation of greenhouse solanaceous crops. The principle is as follows: for greenhouse solanaceous crops, sucrose is output from the source organ, and sucrose is absorbed by the sink organ. The method comprises the steps of determining the concentration change of cane sugar in stems, petioles and carpopodium in one day, further determining the absorption amount of each organ to the cane sugar in one day, and finally establishing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution simulation model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for researching assimilation product distribution by adopting the sucrose concentration at the petioles and the fruit stalks to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the concentration of sucrose at the petioles and the stalks of the greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops;
step 2: establishing a relational expression of the cross sections of the leaf stalks and the fruit stalks and the cross section of the vascular bundle, and determining the cross sections of the sieve tubes at the leaf stalks and the fruit stalks of the greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops;
and step 3: determining the sucrose distribution index of fruits and stems of greenhouse solanaceous crops;
and 4, step 4: calculating the effective accumulated temperature of greenhouse solanaceous crops on any day, then carrying out formula fitting on the effective accumulated temperature and the sucrose distribution proportion of each organ, and establishing a sucrose-based greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model.
Further, in the step 1, juice in petioles and carpopodium of greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops is obtained by adopting an improved aphid kissing needle method, and after the volume is fixed, the sucrose concentration in the solution after the volume is fixed is measured by adopting a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Further, a relational expression of the cross sectional areas of the petioles and the fruit stalks and the cross sectional area of the sieve tube is established in the step 2: the cross-sectional area is the screen cross-sectional area x 5666.6.
Further, the sucrose distribution index in step 3 refers to the proportion of the sucrose absorbed by a single organ in a unit time, for example, 8 hours a day, to the total sucrose generated by the leaves, and the sucrose distribution coefficient PISf of the fruits of the greenhouse solanaceous crops is PISf ═ B/a, where a is the total one-day sucrose yield of the leaves of the whole plant, B is the one-day sucrose absorbed by the fruits, and the sucrose distribution coefficient PISS of the stems of the greenhouse solanaceous crops is PISS ═ 1-PISf; the total yield A of sucrose in one day of the whole plant leaf is sigma Am, m is 1, 2, 3 … m, wherein Am is the total yield of sucrose in the mth leaf,
represents the sucrose yield in the m-th leaf petiole of five sessions, V1Is the volume of the petiole sieve tube, V1The cross-sectional area of the petiole sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the petiole, which is a function of the position of the blade pitch, and the formula is that y is 0.006x3-0.19x2+1.7x +1.7, wherein y is the petiole length, mm, and x is the leaf position of the leaf; m represents the number of plant leaves; the sucrose quantity B absorbed by the fruit in one day is sigma Bn, n is 1, 2, 3 … n, wherein Bn is the sucrose quantity absorbed by the nth fruit branch,
represents the sucrose concentration in the n-th fruit branch and fruit stalk of five time periods, V2Is the volume of the fruit handle sieve tube, V2The cross section area of the fruit handle sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the fruit handle, and n represents the number of fruit branches of the plant.
Furthermore, the leaf assimilation product yield ratio Lb of different leaf positions is Am/A, the sucrose distribution index C of a single fruit branch is Bn/B, and leaf cutting and the sucrose distribution index C of flower thinning and fruit thinning can be carried out according to the leaf assimilation product yield ratio Lb.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the assimilation products of the solanaceous fruit crops are mainly transported to each organ in the transportation and guide tissue in the form of cane sugar, a greenhouse assimilation product distribution model of the solanaceous fruit crops is established, and compared with the prior assimilation product distribution model of the solanaceous fruit crops, the model established according to the method provided by the invention can not only predict the sucrose distribution index of the whole fruit and the sucrose yield of a petiole, but also analyze the sucrose distribution index of each fruit branch and the yield ratio of the assimilation product of each leaf. The leaves with low yield of the assimilation products can be removed according to the yield ratio of the assimilation products of each leaf, and flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out according to the sucrose distribution indexes of different fruit branches. Therefore, the invention provides a theoretical basis for culturing a reasonable plant type structure in greenhouse solanaceous fruit crop cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a third tomato leaf stalk after Micro-CT scanning;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a third tomato petiole after Micro-CT scanning;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third petiole of a tomato.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Taking greenhouse tomatoes as an example, the method disclosed by the invention is adopted to construct a greenhouse tomato assimilation product distribution model.
Example 1
Taking any day (8 hours) in the growth period of the greenhouse tomatoes as an example, the greenhouse tomato assimilation product distribution model is introduced in detail and comprises the following four steps:
An improved aphid kissing method: the aphids are placed on the leaf stalks and fruit stalks of tomato plants, when the mouthparts of the aphids are inserted into the sieve tube at the phloem of the tomato, the aphids are anesthetized by carbon dioxide, the parent bodies are removed, kissing needles are left, and then the exudates of the sieve tube, namely the juices of the leaf stalks and the fruit stalks of the tomato, are sucked by a capillary tube.
Obtaining the juice in the leafstalks and fruit stalks of the greenhouse tomatoes by adopting an improved aphid kissing needle method at five time intervals of 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 respectively, and marking the juice as a solution A; putting the solution A into a volumetric flask of 25 ml to fix the volume to be solution B; determining the concentration of sucrose in the solution B by using a high performance liquid chromatograph; the sucrose concentration of each leaf stalk and fruit stalk of the greenhouse tomato can be obtained.
The traditional method for calculating the cross-sectional area of the screen pipe comprises the following steps:
selecting greenhouse tomato plants growing normally, respectively placing tomato leaf stalks and fruit stalks in a measuring barrel of Micro-CT for scanning, and analyzing scanned CT images, taking a third tomato leaf stalk as an example, the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a front view (figure 1) and a cross-sectional view (figure 2) of a tomato third blade handle through Micro-CT, finding the number and the diameter of the sieve pipes in the image from the cross-sectional view, and calculating the cross-sectional area of the sieve pipes. In FIG. 3, the screen pipe between the third joints is shown as 1-14, the diameters of the screen pipes are calculated by using the scale in the figure, which are d1 and d2 … … d14 respectively, and the screen pipes are regarded as cylinders according to the formula
M1 and M2 … … M14 are obtained respectively, and M is the cross-sectional area of the sieve tube. In FIG. 3, the number of the sieve tubes is 14, the diameters of the sieve tubes are 14, 16, 26, 23, 28, 14, 17, 15, 21, 25, 24, 26, 22 and 20 μm, respectively, and the cross-sectional areas of the sieve tubes are 153.86, 200.96, 530.66, 415.27, 615.44, 153.86, 226.87, 176.63, 346.19, 490.63, 425.16, 530.66, 379.94 and 314 μm, respectively2Total cross-sectional area of 4987.105 μm2。
The diameter of the widest part of the petiole is calculated to be 3000um by using the scale in FIG. 3, so that the cross-sectional area of the petiole is calculated to be 28260000 μm2If the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the blade handle to the total cross-sectional area of the sieve tube is 1:5666.6, the cross-sectional area of the blade handle is equal to the cross-sectional area of the sieve tube multiplied by 5666.6; the determination method of the cross-sectional area of the tomato stalk is the same as that of the leaf stalk. In the embodiment, a relational expression of the cross sectional areas of the leaf handles and the fruit handles and the cross sectional area of the sieve tube is established, and the greenhouse can be determined directly through the relational expressionThe cross section area of the sieve tube at the leaf handle and the fruit handle of the solanaceous fruit crops does not need to be calculated according to the traditional method.
Assuming that the tomato has m leaves and n fruit branches, the sucrose content of the first leaf stalk is respectively a11, a12, a13, a14 and a15 in five time periods in the experimental process, the sucrose content of the second leaf stalk is respectively a21, a22, a23, a24 and a25, and so on, the sucrose yield in the m leaf stalk is respectively 1, am2 am3, am4 and am 5.
Then the total yield of sucrose from the first leaf:
wherein V1Is the volume of the petiole sieve tube, V1The cross-sectional area of the petiole sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the petiole, and the length of the petiole is a function of the pitch position of the blade, and the formula is as follows:
y＝0.006x3-0.19x2+1.7x+1.7 (2)
wherein y is the length of the petiole, mm, and x is the position of the leaf;
total yield of sucrose in the mth leaf:
the total yield a ∑ Am ═ a1+ a2+. Am of sucrose from the first day of leaves of whole tomato plants.
Through experimental determination, the sucrose concentrations in the first fruit branch in different times in the five time periods in the experimental process are respectively f11, f12, f13, f14 and f15, and by analogy, the sucrose concentrations in the fruit stalk of the nth fruit branch are fn1, fn2, fn3, fn4 and fn 5. The amount of sucrose absorbed by the first fruit branch of the greenhouse tomato is as follows:
the sucrose absorbed by the nth fruit branch:
wherein n represents the number of fruit branches of the plant, V2Is the volume of the fruit handle sieve tube, V2The cross section area of the fruit handle sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the fruit handle; the stem length is 4mm (empirical value);
the amount of sucrose absorbed by the tomato fruit, B ═ Σ Bn ═ B1+ B2+. Bn.
This example defines the greenhouse tomato fruit sucrose partition coefficient (PISf) as PISf ═ B/a and the greenhouse tomato stem sucrose partition coefficient (PISS) as PISS ═ 1-PISf. Fitting the obtained daily fruit sucrose distribution coefficient PISf and stem sucrose distribution coefficient PISS of the greenhouse solanaceous crop with the effective accumulated temperature to obtain the fruit sucrose distribution coefficient and the stem distribution coefficient of any day; as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 fitting of greenhouse tomato fruit sucrose distribution index and Stem sucrose distribution index
| Effective accumulated temperature GDD | Fruit sucrose distribution index | Sucrose distribution index from stem |
| 339 | 0.45 | 0.55 |
| 459 | 0.58 | 0.42 |
| 576 | 0.63 | 0.37 |
| 629 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
| 753 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
Taking effective accumulated temperature GDD as x and fruit sucrose distribution index as y1Then, the fitting formula of the fruit sucrose distribution index changing along with the effective accumulated temperature is as follows:
model parameter a obtained by fitting0＝0.33、a1＝1.13、a2＝219.7、a3＝1.89；
Taking effective accumulated temperature GDD as x and stem sucrose distribution index as y2The fitting formula of the stem sucrose distribution index changing along with the effective accumulated temperature is as follows:
model parameter a obtained by fitting0＝0.16、a1＝6.1、a2＝42.78、a3＝1.3。
And (4) establishing a sucrose-based greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model according to the formulas (6) and (7).
In the embodiment, the leaf assimilation product yield ratio Lb of different leaf positions is defined as Am/a, and the sucrose distribution index C of a single fruit branch is defined as Bn/B, so that leaf cutting and sucrose distribution index C flower thinning and fruit thinning can be performed according to the leaf assimilation product yield ratio Lb.
The invention is described simply and not limited to the above working range, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt the idea and working method of the invention to make simple modification and application to other devices, or to make modification and decoration without changing the principle of the main concept of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for constructing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the concentration of sucrose at the petioles and the stalks of the greenhouse solanaceous fruit crops;
step 2: establishing a relational expression of the cross sections of the leaf handles and the fruit handles and the cross sections of the sieve tubes, and determining the cross sections of the sieve tubes at the leaf handles and the fruit handles of the solanaceous greenhouse crops;
and step 3: determining the sucrose distribution index of fruits and stems of greenhouse solanaceous crops;
the sucrose distribution index refers to the proportion of the sucrose absorbed by a single organ in unit time, such as 8 hours a day, to the total sucrose generated by leaves, and the fruit sucrose distribution coefficient PISf of the greenhouse solanaceous crops is PISf ═ B/A, wherein A is the total one-day sucrose yield of the leaves of the whole plant, B is the one-day sucrose absorbed by the fruits, and the stem sucrose distribution coefficient PISS of the greenhouse solanaceous crops is PISS ═ 1-PISf;
and 4, step 4: carrying out formula fitting on the effective accumulated temperature of greenhouse solanaceous crops and the sucrose distribution index of fruits and stems on any day, and establishing a sucrose-based greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model;
taking effective accumulated temperature GDD as x and fruit sucrose distribution index as y1Then, the fitting formula of the fruit sucrose distribution index changing along with the effective accumulated temperature is as follows:
model parameter a obtained by fitting0＝0.33、a1＝1.13、a2＝219.7、a3＝1.89；
Taking effective accumulated temperature GDD as x and stem sucrose distribution index as y2Stem sucrose distribution index as a function of effective accumulated temperatureThe fitting formula of the chemograph is:
model parameter a obtained by fitting0＝0.16、a1＝6.1、a2＝42.78、a3＝1.3。
2. The method for constructing the assimilation product distribution model of greenhouse solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the juice in the petioles and fruit stalks of greenhouse solanaceous crops is obtained by using a modified aphid kissing method in step 1, and after the volume is fixed, the sucrose concentration in the solution after the volume is fixed is measured by using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
3. The method for constructing the distribution model of the assimilation products of the greenhouse solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relationship between the cross-sectional areas of the petioles and the sieve tubes in step 2 is established as follows: the cross-sectional area is the screen cross-sectional area x 5666.6.
4. The method for constructing the assimilation product distribution model of greenhouse solanaceous crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total one-day sucrose yield of the whole plant leaves is Σ Am, and m is 1, 2, 3 … m, where Am is the m-th total sucrose yield and m represents the number of plant leaves.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the total yield of sucrose from the m-th leaf is determined by the model for the assimilation product distribution of greenhouse solanaceous crops
Wherein am1 … am5 represents the sucrose yield in the m-th petiole of five sessions, V1Is the volume of the petiole sieve tube, V1The cross-sectional area of the petiole sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the petiole, which is a function of the position of the blade pitch, and the formula is that y is 0.006x3-0.19x2+1.7x+1.7, wherein y is the length of a petiole, mm and x is the position of a leaf.
6. The method for constructing the assimilation product distribution model of greenhouse solanaceous fruit plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit absorbs sucrose in a day by a quantity B ∑ Bn, and n ∑ 1, 2, 3 … n, wherein Bn is the sucrose absorbed by the nth fruit branch, and n represents the number of fruit branches of the plant.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the n-th fruit branch absorbs sucrose in an amount that is suitable for modeling assimilation products of greenhouse solanaceous crops
Wherein fn1 … fn5 represents the sucrose concentration in the petiole of the nth fruit branch over five periods of time, V2Is the volume of the fruit handle sieve tube, V2The cross section area of the fruit handle sieve tube is multiplied by the length of the fruit handle, and n represents the number of fruit branches of the plant.
8. The method for constructing a greenhouse solanaceous crop assimilation product distribution model in claim 4 or 6, wherein the leaf assimilation product yield ratio Lb-Am/A of different leaf positions and the sucrose distribution index C-Bn/B of a single fruit branch are determined.
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