WO2018103136A1 - Nutrient solution management technique based on length of leaf of greenhouse tomato - Google Patents
Nutrient solution management technique based on length of leaf of greenhouse tomato Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A nutrient solution management technique based on the length of a leaf of a greenhouse tomato, comprising the following steps: 1, subtracting from the leaf length of a feature leaf of a greenhouse tomato a standard leaf length for the feature leaf, excess water and fertilizer supply being indicated if the result is greater than zero, insufficient water and fertilizer supply being indicated if the result is less than zero, and adequate water and fertilizer supply being indicated if the result is equal to zero; 2, subtracting from the current electric conductivity value of a nutrient solution used in watering the EC value of the nutrient solution in a water and fertilizer deficit condition, multiplying the difference by the number of days the nutrient solution has been used in watering, and the result being the amount of nutrients of the nutrient solution excessively or insufficiently applied, and utilizing the average growth rate, a, of the feature leaf to deduce the current electric conductivity value of the nutrient solution used in watering; and 3, determining, on the basis of the amount of nutrients of the nutrient solution excessively or insufficiently applied, a final electric conductivity value of the nutrient solution for adjustment, and watering the crop with the adjusted nutrient solution. Only the length of the feature leaf of the greenhouse tomato needs to be measured, one-time investment incurred is low, and the measurement is simple and easy.
Description
本发明涉及一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，是通过叶片长度评价作物营养状况，依据评价结果进行营养液管理，属于设施栽培技术领域。The invention relates to a nutrient solution management technology based on the length of a greenhouse tomato leaf, which is to evaluate the nutritional status of the crop by the length of the blade, and to carry out the management of the nutrient solution according to the evaluation result, and belongs to the technical field of facility cultivation.
中国设施园艺面积已达330万公顷，约占世界设施园艺总面积的85％，在大型温室中普遍采用营养液灌溉，日光温室、塑料大棚也越来越多地采用营养液灌溉。但中国在温室作物水肥吸收利用规律方面研究的不多，对温室作物水肥吸收机理尚不清楚，因此目前采用的营养液管理模式为基于电导率(EC)和pH值的营养液管理模式。这种管理模式未考虑作物对营养液供给的反应，因此不能够做到依据作物需求进行浇水施肥，导致作物水肥利用率不高，不符合现代农业的高效、高产和优质的要求。因此迫切需要寻找一种能够反应作物对水肥状况的方法，依据作物水肥状况进行营养液管理。The horticultural area of facilities in China has reached 3.3 million hectares, accounting for about 85% of the total area of facilities and horticulture in the world. In large greenhouses, nutrient solution irrigation is widely used, and solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are increasingly being irrigated with nutrient solution. However, there are few studies on the law of water and fertilizer absorption and utilization in greenhouse crops in China. The mechanism of water and fertilizer absorption in greenhouse crops is still unclear. Therefore, the nutrient solution management mode currently adopted is based on the conductivity (EC) and pH-based nutrient solution management mode. This management model does not consider the response of crops to the supply of nutrient solution. Therefore, watering and fertilization according to crop demand cannot be achieved, resulting in low utilization rate of crop water and fertilizer, which does not meet the requirements of high efficiency, high yield and high quality of modern agriculture. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to reflect the status of crops on water and fertilizer, and to manage nutrient solution based on the status of crop water and fertilizer.
目前关于温室作物水肥状况的评价，前人研究了很多方法，例如采用光谱法、图像法，化学分析法等。这些方法可以对作物水肥状况进行了准确的评价，但存在一次性投入大的不足。化学分析法需要在实验室中进行，费时费工。叶片是作物的主要光合器官，对水肥供应状况反应十分敏感。当温室作物水肥供应不足时，作物表现为叶片生长速率变慢，叶片变小。在一定的范围内，叶片长度与水肥供应状况存在一定的相关系。因此通过作物的叶长对作物的水肥状况进行综合评价，依据评价结果进行营养液管理，对于提升中国营养液管理水平，推动营养液栽培技术的推广，具有重要的意义。At present, many methods have been studied on the evaluation of water and fertilizer status of greenhouse crops, such as spectroscopy, image method, chemical analysis and the like. These methods can accurately evaluate the status of crop water and fertilizer, but there is a shortage of one-time investment. Chemical analysis needs to be carried out in the laboratory, which is time consuming and labor intensive. The leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of the crop and are very sensitive to the response of the water and fertilizer supply. When the supply of water and fertilizer in greenhouse crops is insufficient, the crops show that the leaf growth rate is slower and the leaves become smaller. Within a certain range, there is a certain relationship between the length of the blade and the supply of water and fertilizer. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation of the water and fertilizer status of the crop by the leaf length of the crop, and the management of the nutrient solution based on the evaluation results is of great significance for improving the management level of nutrient solution in China and promoting the promotion of nutrient solution cultivation technology.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明为克服上述现有技术中的不足，本发明提供了一种基于叶长的营养液管理方法，以温室番茄为例，利用温室番茄的叶片长度对番茄的水肥状况进行综合评价，依据评价结果进行营养液管理。可以简述为“缺不缺，缺多少和如何补”。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a nutrient solution management method based on leaf length, taking greenhouse tomato as an example, and comprehensively evaluating the water and fertilizer status of tomato by using the leaf length of the greenhouse tomato, according to the evaluation. As a result, nutrient solution management was performed. It can be briefly described as "the lack of lack, how much and how to make up."
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：The invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，包括如下步骤：A nutrient solution management technique based on the length of greenhouse tomato leaves, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、缺不缺：Step 1, lack of lack:
1-1、温室番茄的特征叶叶位为：温室番茄结果前，倒3叶为其特征叶；由于温室番茄在第8或第9叶出现时开始结果，当温室番茄结果后，倒7叶为其特征叶；标准叶长为通过标准叶长模型计算出的特征叶长，即在无水肥亏缺条件下特征叶的叶片长度；
1-1. Characteristics of greenhouse tomato leaf position: before the result of greenhouse tomato, the inverted 3 leaves are characteristic leaves; since the greenhouse tomato starts in the 8th or 9th leaves, when the greenhouse tomato results, the 7 leaves are inverted. Its characteristic leaf; the standard leaf length is the characteristic leaf length calculated by the standard leaf length model, that is, the leaf length of the characteristic leaf under the condition of lack of water deficit;
1-2、测定温室番茄特征叶的叶长，然后将测定日之前温室内的温度资料输入至标准叶长模型中，标准叶长模型的输出值即为特征叶的标准叶长；将特征叶长减去标准叶长，结果大于零表明水肥供应过多，结果小于零表明水肥供应不足，结果等于零说明水肥供应适当；1-2. Determine the leaf length of the characteristic leaves of the greenhouse tomato, and then input the temperature data in the greenhouse before the measurement date into the standard leaf length model, and the output value of the standard leaf length model is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves; The length of the standard leaf length is reduced, and the result is greater than zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is too much. The result is less than zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is insufficient, and the result is equal to zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is appropriate;
步骤2、缺多少：Step 2: How much is missing:
2-1、计算特征叶的平均生长速率a：利用特征叶测定时段的叶长/特征叶从出现至测定时段的有效积温得到特征叶的平均生长速率a；2-1. Calculating the average growth rate of the characteristic leaves a: using the leaf length/feature leaves of the characteristic leaf measurement period to obtain the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves from the effective accumulated temperature of the appearance to the measurement period;
2-2、利用特征叶的平均生长速率a，计算当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值；2-2. Calculating the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution by using the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves;
2-3、利用当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值减去无水肥亏缺条件下营养液的电导率(EC)值(无水肥亏缺条件下营养液的电导率(EC)值为2.2dS/m)，将差值乘以浇灌此营养液的天数，得到的结果为多施或者少施的营养液养分量(在此，营养液养分量采用电导率(EC)与天数的乘积表示)；2-3. Using the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution minus the conductivity (EC) value of the nutrient solution under the condition of anhydrous fertilizer deficiency (the conductivity value (EC) value of the nutrient solution under the condition of anhydrous fertilizer deficiency) 2.2dS/m), multiply the difference by the number of days of watering the nutrient solution, and the result is the nutrient solution component of multiple or less application (here, the nutrient solution is the product of the conductivity (EC) and the number of days. Express);
步骤3、如何补：Step 3, how to make up:
根据获得的当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值和多施或者少施的营养液养分量，若营养液养分量多施，则对当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值降低10％；若营养液养分量少施，则对当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值提升10％；然后每天测定特征叶的叶长，并与标准叶长模型输出的标准叶长进行大小比较，直至测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等，按照测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等时的营养液的电导率(EC)值进行营养液的浇灌。According to the obtained conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution and the nutrient liquid nutrient content of multiple or less application, if the nutrient solution is applied more, the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution is reduced by 10%. If the nutrient solution is applied less, the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution is increased by 10%; then the leaf length of the characteristic leaf is measured daily and compared with the standard leaf length output by the standard leaf length model. Until the measured characteristic leaf length is equal to the standard leaf length of the model output, the nutrient solution is watered according to the conductivity (EC) value of the nutrient solution when the measured characteristic leaf length is equal to the standard leaf length of the model output.
步骤1-1中，所述温室番茄的特征叶叶位的具体确定方法为：In step 1-1, the specific determination method of the characteristic leaf position of the greenhouse tomato is:
步骤a1、选取番茄品种和植株，并设计不同电导率的营养液浇灌所选取的番茄植株；Step a1, selecting tomato varieties and plants, and designing different conductivity nutrients to water the selected tomato plants;
步骤a2、番茄植株的第一真叶展开后，每3天进行一次定株观测，观测项目包括株高、叶数、各叶位的叶长和各节位果实的直径，同时记录每天的日平均温度；当叶长增长量连续3次测量都低于0.5cm，则认为该叶片已达最大叶长，不再进行叶长测量；Step a2, after the first true leaf of the tomato plant is unfolded, a fixed plant observation is performed every 3 days, and the observation items include the plant height, the number of leaves, the leaf length of each leaf position, and the diameter of each node fruit, and records the daily day. Average temperature; when the leaf length increase is less than 0.5 cm for three consecutive measurements, it is considered that the leaf has reached the maximum leaf length and the leaf length measurement is no longer performed;
步骤a3、在温室番茄结果前，采用excel软件对株高与叶片生长速率进行相关性分析，求得株高与叶片生长速率之间的决定系数a，以决定系数a最大的所在节位叶片为特征叶，最终确定结果前的特征叶为倒3叶；Step a3. Before the greenhouse tomato result, correlation analysis between plant height and leaf growth rate was carried out by using excel software, and the coefficient of determination a between plant height and leaf growth rate was determined to determine the node leaf where the coefficient a is the largest. Characteristic leaves, the characteristic leaves before finalizing the result are inverted 3 leaves;
在温室番茄结果后，首先建立番茄果实直径与果实鲜重的数学关系公式，利用测定的果实直径获得番茄植株每日的果实鲜重，进而得到整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量；分析整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量与不同节位果实直径的决定系数b，以决定系数b最大
值所在节位叶片为特征叶，最终确定结果后的特征叶为倒7叶。After the results of the greenhouse tomato, the mathematical relationship formula between the diameter of the tomato fruit and the fresh weight of the fruit was established. The fresh fruit weight of the tomato plant was obtained by using the measured fruit diameter, and the daily growth of fresh fruit weight of the whole tomato fruit was obtained. The daily growth rate of the fresh weight of the tomato fruit and the coefficient of determination b of the fruit diameter of different nodes, to determine the maximum coefficient b
The leaf of the node where the value is located is the characteristic leaf, and the characteristic leaf after the final determination result is the inverted 7 leaf.
所述番茄果实直径与果实鲜重的数学关系公式为：果实鲜重＝0.5×果实直径立方。The mathematical relationship between the tomato fruit diameter and the fresh weight of the fruit is: fresh fruit weight = 0.5 × fruit diameter cube.
步骤1、3中，所述特征叶的标准叶长的确定方法为：In steps 1 and 3, the method for determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves is:
步骤b1、确定第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b1: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the expansion of any leaf, which satisfies the following formula:
G＝∑(Tmean－Tb)，G=∑(Tmean-Tb),
其中，G为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温；Tmean为一天的日平均温度；Tb为界限温度，界限温度为公知常识；Wherein G is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the development of any leaf; Tmean is the daily average temperature of the day; Tb is the boundary temperature, and the limit temperature is common knowledge;
步骤b2、确定叶片展开后从第r天至第j天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b2: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the blade is deployed, satisfying the following formula:
ΔGrj＝Gj-Gr，ΔGrj=Gj-Gr,
其中，ΔGrj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后从第r天到第j天的累积有效积温；Gr为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第r天的累积有效积温；Gj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第j天的累积有效积温；Where ΔGrj is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the first true leaf is expanded to any leaf; Gr is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the rth day after any leaf unfolding; Gj The cumulative effective accumulated temperature for the first true leaf to the jth day after deployment of any leaf;
步骤b3、采用累积有效积温确定叶片总数，所述总叶片数满足如下公式：In step b3, the total number of blades is determined by using the cumulative effective accumulated temperature, and the total number of blades satisfies the following formula:
N＝0.038×G-5.5，N=0.038×G-5.5,
其中，N为叶片总数；Where N is the total number of blades;
步骤b4、根据叶片总数确定特征叶的叶位，满足如下公式：Step b4, determining the leaf position of the characteristic leaf according to the total number of blades, and satisfying the following formula:
其中，C为特征叶的叶位；Where C is the leaf position of the characteristic leaf;
步骤b5、根据特征叶的叶位计算标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，所述标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b满足如下公式：Step b5, calculating an average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model according to the leaf position of the characteristic leaves, wherein the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model satisfies the following formula:
其中，V为标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，单位为厘米每天。Where V is the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model, in centimeters per day.
步骤b6、确定特征叶的标准叶长，特征叶的标准叶长所述满足如下公式：Step b6, determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf, and the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf satisfies the following formula:
Ls＝V×ΔGrj，Ls = V × ΔGrj,
其中，Ls为特征叶的标准叶长。
Where Ls is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves.
步骤2-2中，所述当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值计算方法如下：In step 2-2, the current conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution is calculated as follows:
当温室番茄叶片数小于等于8时：Vm＝0.03×EC+0.3，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is less than or equal to 8: Vm=0.03×EC+0.3,
当温室番茄叶片数大于8时：Vm＝0.58e0.167EC，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is greater than 8, Vm=0.58e 0.167EC ,
其中，Vm为特征叶的平均生长速率a；EC为当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值；Wherein, Vm is the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves; EC is the electrical conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution;
通过对测定的特征叶的平均生长速率反推，确定当前营养液的EC值。The EC value of the current nutrient solution is determined by counteracting the average growth rate of the measured characteristic leaves.
目前温室作物营养液管理模式一般是基于EC的营养液管理策略，这种管理策略未考虑作物对养分的需求状况。对作物养分状况的评价方法主要有光谱图像法和光合速率法。这两种方法虽然可以较好的做到实时在线检测，但存在一次性投入太高的问题，光谱仪、图像仪和光合仪等设备的价格一般都在30万元以上。而本发明提出的基于叶长的作物养分评价方法和营养液管理策略仅需要测定温室番茄的特征叶长，一次性投入低，且测定十分简单易行。At present, the greenhouse nutrient solution management model is generally based on EC's nutrient solution management strategy, which does not consider crop demand for nutrients. The methods for evaluating the nutrient status of crops mainly include spectral image method and photosynthetic rate method. Although these two methods can achieve real-time online detection, there is a problem that the one-time investment is too high, and the prices of spectrometers, imagers, and photosynthetic instruments are generally more than 300,000 yuan. However, the leaf length-based crop nutrient evaluation method and the nutrient solution management strategy proposed by the present invention only need to determine the characteristic leaf length of the greenhouse tomato, and the one-time input is low, and the measurement is very simple and easy.
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:
实施例1Example 1
以温室番茄为例，详细介绍本发明一种基于叶长的营养液管理方法，它包括以下三个步骤：Taking greenhouse tomato as an example, a leaf length-based nutrient solution management method of the present invention is described in detail, which comprises the following three steps:
步骤1、缺不缺：Step 1, lack of lack:
1-1、温室番茄的特征叶叶位为：温室番茄结果前，倒3叶为其特征叶；由于温室番茄在第8或第9叶叶出现时开始结果，当温室番茄结果后，倒7叶为其特征叶；标准叶长为通过标准叶长模型计算出的特征叶长，即在无水肥亏缺条件下特征叶的叶片长度；1-1. Characteristics of greenhouse tomato The leaf position is: before the result of greenhouse tomato, the inverted 3 leaves are characteristic leaves; because the greenhouse tomato begins to appear in the 8th or 9th leaf, when the greenhouse tomato results, it is inverted 7 The leaf is its characteristic leaf; the standard leaf length is the characteristic leaf length calculated by the standard leaf length model, that is, the leaf length of the characteristic leaf under the condition of lack of water deficit;
1-2、测定温室番茄特征叶的叶长，然后将测定日之前温室内的温度资料输入至标准叶长模型中，标准叶长模型的输出值即为特征叶的标准叶长；将特征叶长减去标准叶长结果大于零表明水肥供应过多，结果小于零表明水肥供应不足，结果等于零说明水肥供应适当；1-2. Determine the leaf length of the characteristic leaves of the greenhouse tomato, and then input the temperature data in the greenhouse before the measurement date into the standard leaf length model, and the output value of the standard leaf length model is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves; Long minus standard leaf length results greater than zero indicates excessive supply of water and fertilizer, results less than zero indicate insufficient supply of water and fertilizer, and the result is equal to zero indicating proper supply of water and fertilizer;
特征叶叶位的确定Determination of characteristic leaf position
(1)试验处理：(1) Test treatment:
设计不同EC电导率(electrical conductivity)，(0，1.5，2.0，2.5ds/cm)的营养液浇灌温室番茄。供试番茄品种为粉红-906，采用霍格兰营养液浇灌，每天2次，每次200毫升/株。
Different EC electrical conductivity, (0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 ds/cm) nutrient solution were designed to water the greenhouse tomato. The test tomato variety was pink-906, which was watered with Hoagland nutrient solution twice a day, 200 ml/plant.
测定项目：第一真叶展开后，每3天进行一次定株(苗期每处理10株，开花后减为每处理3株)观测，观测项目包括株高、叶数、各叶位的叶长和各节位果实的直径，同时记录每天的日平均温度。当叶长增长量连续3次测量都低于0.5cm，即认为该叶片已达最大叶长，不再进行叶长测量。Measurement item: After the first true leaf is unfolded, the fixed plants are carried out every 3 days (10 plants per seedling period, and reduced to 3 plants per flowering after flowering). The observation items include plant height, leaf number, and leaves of each leaf position. The diameter of the fruit and the length of each node, while recording the daily average temperature of each day. When the leaf length increase is less than 0.5 cm for three consecutive measurements, it is considered that the leaf has reached the maximum leaf length and the leaf length measurement is no longer performed.
数据分析：在温室番茄结果前，采用excel软件对株高与叶片生长速率进行相关性分析，求得株高与叶片生长速率之间的决定系数a，以决定系数a最大的所在节位叶片为特征叶，最终确定结果前的特征叶为倒3叶；所述叶片生长速率为特征叶测定时段的叶长/特征叶从出现至测定时段的有效积温，即实测的特征叶的叶长/特征叶从出现至测定时段的有效积温。Data analysis: Before the greenhouse tomato results, the correlation between plant height and leaf growth rate was analyzed by excel software, and the coefficient of determination a between plant height and leaf growth rate was determined to determine the node with the largest coefficient a. The characteristic leaf, the characteristic leaf before the final determination result is the inverted 3 leaf; the leaf growth rate is the effective accumulated temperature of the leaf length/feature leaf from the appearance to the measurement period in the characteristic leaf measurement period, that is, the measured leaf length/feature of the characteristic leaf The effective accumulated temperature of the leaves from the appearance to the measurement period.
在温室番茄结果后，首先建立番茄果实直径与果实鲜重的数学关系公式，利用测定的果实直径获得番茄植株每日的果实鲜重，进而得到整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量；分析整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量与不同节位果实直径的决定系数b，以决定系数b最大值所在节位叶片为特征叶，最终确定结果后的特征叶为倒7叶；经分析，决定系数b最大的节位不是固定的，而是随着番茄植株的生长不断变化。After the results of the greenhouse tomato, the mathematical relationship formula between the diameter of the tomato fruit and the fresh weight of the fruit was established. The fresh fruit weight of the tomato plant was obtained by using the measured fruit diameter, and the daily growth of fresh fruit weight of the whole tomato fruit was obtained. The daily growth rate of fresh fruit weight of tomato fruit and the coefficient of determination b of fruit diameter of different nodes, the leaf of the node where the maximum value of coefficient b is determined is the characteristic leaf, and the characteristic leaf after the final determination result is inverted 7 leaf; after analysis, it is determined The node with the largest coefficient b is not fixed, but varies with the growth of tomato plants.
所述番茄果实直径与果实鲜重的数学关系公式为：果实鲜重＝0.5×果实直径立方。The mathematical relationship between the tomato fruit diameter and the fresh weight of the fruit is: fresh fruit weight = 0.5 × fruit diameter cube.
步骤2、缺多少：Step 2: How much is missing:
2-1、计算特征叶的平均生长速率a：利用特征叶测定时段的叶长/特征叶从出现至测定时段的有效积温得到特征叶的平均生长速率a；2-1. Calculating the average growth rate of the characteristic leaves a: using the leaf length/feature leaves of the characteristic leaf measurement period to obtain the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves from the effective accumulated temperature of the appearance to the measurement period;
2-2、利用特征叶的平均生长速率a，计算当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值；2-2. Calculating the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution by using the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves;
当温室番茄叶片数小于等于8时：Vm＝0.03×EC+0.3，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is less than or equal to 8: Vm=0.03×EC+0.3,
当温室番茄叶片数大于8时：Vm＝0.58e0.167EC，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is greater than 8, Vm=0.58e 0.167EC ,
其中，Vm为特征叶的平均生长速率a(厘米每天)；EC为当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值；通过对测定的特征叶的平均生长速率反推，确定当前营养液的EC值。Wherein, Vm is the average growth rate of characteristic leaves a (cm per day); EC is the electrical conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution; determining the EC value of the current nutrient solution by inversely measuring the average growth rate of the measured characteristic leaves .
2-3、利用当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值减去无水肥亏缺条件下营养液的电导率(EC)值(无水肥亏缺条件下营养液的电导率(EC)值为2.2dS/m)，将差值乘以浇灌此营养液的天数，得到的结果为多施或者少施的营养液养分量(在此，营养液养分量采用电导率(EC)与天数的乘积表示)；2-3. Using the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution minus the conductivity (EC) value of the nutrient solution under the condition of anhydrous fertilizer deficiency (the conductivity value (EC) value of the nutrient solution under the condition of anhydrous fertilizer deficiency) 2.2dS/m), multiply the difference by the number of days of watering the nutrient solution, and the result is the nutrient solution component of multiple or less application (here, the nutrient solution is the product of the conductivity (EC) and the number of days. Express);
步骤3、如何补：Step 3, how to make up:
根据获得的当前浇灌营养液的EC值和多施或者少施的营养液养分量，若营养液养分量多施，则对当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值降低10％；若营养液养分量少施，则
对当前浇灌营养液的电导率(EC)值提升10％；然后每天测定特征叶的叶长，并与标准叶长模型输出的标准叶长进行大小比较，直至测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等，按照测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等时的营养液的电导率(EC)值进行营养液的浇灌。According to the obtained EC value of the current watering nutrient solution and the nutrient liquid nutrient component of the multi-application or less application, if the nutrient solution is applied more, the conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution is reduced by 10%; If the amount of nutrients is less, then
The conductivity (EC) value of the current watering nutrient solution is increased by 10%; then the leaf length of the characteristic leaf is measured daily and compared with the standard leaf length output by the standard leaf length model until the measured characteristic leaf length and model output are measured. The standard leaf lengths are equal, and the nutrient solution is watered according to the conductivity (EC) value of the nutrient solution when the measured leaf length is equal to the standard leaf length of the model output.
上述步骤中，所涉及到的因子按照以下过程求解：In the above steps, the factors involved are solved according to the following procedure:
步骤1、3中，所述特征叶的标准叶长的确定方法为：In steps 1 and 3, the method for determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves is:
步骤b1、确定第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b1: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the expansion of any leaf, which satisfies the following formula:
G＝∑(Tmean－Tb)，G=∑(Tmean-Tb),
其中，G为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温；Tmean为一天的日平均温度；Tb为界限温度，界限温度为公知常识；番茄各生育时期界限温度Tb的取值参见下表1：Where G is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the development of any leaf; Tmean is the daily average temperature of the day; Tb is the boundary temperature, the boundary temperature is the common sense; the limit temperature Tb of each growth period of the tomato See Table 1 for the values:
表1番茄各生育时期界限温度Tb的取值Table 1 The value of the limit temperature Tb of each growth period of tomato
步骤b2、确定叶片展开后从第r天至第j天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b2: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the blade is deployed, satisfying the following formula:
ΔGrj＝Gj-Gr，ΔGrj=Gj-Gr,
其中，ΔGrj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后从第r天到第j天的累积有效积温；Gr为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第r天的累积有效积温；Gj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第j天的累积有效积温；Where ΔGrj is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the first true leaf is expanded to any leaf; Gr is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the rth day after any leaf unfolding; Gj The cumulative effective accumulated temperature for the first true leaf to the jth day after deployment of any leaf;
步骤b3、采用累积有效积温确定叶片总数，所述总叶片数满足如下公式：In step b3, the total number of blades is determined by using the cumulative effective accumulated temperature, and the total number of blades satisfies the following formula:
N＝0.038×G-5.5，N=0.038×G-5.5,
其中，N为叶片总数；Where N is the total number of blades;
步骤b4、根据叶片总数确定特征叶的叶位，满足如下公式：Step b4, determining the leaf position of the characteristic leaf according to the total number of blades, and satisfying the following formula:
其中，c为特征叶的叶位；Where c is the leaf position of the characteristic leaf;
步骤b5、根据特征叶的叶位计算标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，所述标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b满足如下公式：Step b5, calculating an average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model according to the leaf position of the characteristic leaves, wherein the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model satisfies the following formula:
其中，V为标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，单位为厘米每天。Where V is the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model, in centimeters per day.
步骤b6、确定特征叶的标准叶长，特征叶的标准叶长所述满足如下公式：Step b6, determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf, and the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf satisfies the following formula:
Ls＝V×ΔGrj，Ls = V × ΔGrj,
其中，Ls为特征叶的标准叶长。
Where Ls is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves.
Claims (4)
- 一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A nutrient solution management technique based on the length of a greenhouse tomato leaf, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:步骤1、step 1,1-1、温室番茄的特征叶叶位为：温室番茄结果前，倒3叶为其特征叶；由于温室番茄在第8或第9叶出现时开始结果，当温室番茄结果后，倒7叶为其特征叶；标准叶长为通过标准叶长模型计算出的特征叶长，即在无水肥亏缺条件下特征叶的叶片长度；1-1. Characteristics of greenhouse tomato leaf position: before the result of greenhouse tomato, the inverted 3 leaves are characteristic leaves; since the greenhouse tomato starts in the 8th or 9th leaves, when the greenhouse tomato results, the 7 leaves are inverted. Its characteristic leaf; the standard leaf length is the characteristic leaf length calculated by the standard leaf length model, that is, the leaf length of the characteristic leaf under the condition of lack of water deficit;1-2、测定温室番茄特征叶的叶长，然后将测定日之前温室内的温度资料输入至标准叶长模型中，标准叶长模型的输出值即为特征叶的标准叶长；将特征叶长减去标准叶长，结果大于零表明水肥供应过多，结果小于零表明水肥供应不足，结果等于零说明水肥供应适当；1-2. Determine the leaf length of the characteristic leaves of the greenhouse tomato, and then input the temperature data in the greenhouse before the measurement date into the standard leaf length model, and the output value of the standard leaf length model is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves; The length of the standard leaf length is reduced, and the result is greater than zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is too much. The result is less than zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is insufficient, and the result is equal to zero indicating that the water and fertilizer supply is appropriate;步骤2、Step 22-1、计算特征叶的平均生长速率a：利用特征叶测定时段的叶长/特征叶从出现至测定时段的有效积温得到特征叶的平均生长速率a；2-1. Calculating the average growth rate of the characteristic leaves a: using the leaf length/feature leaves of the characteristic leaf measurement period to obtain the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves from the effective accumulated temperature of the appearance to the measurement period;2-2、利用特征叶的平均生长速率a，计算当前浇灌营养液的电导率值；2-2. Calculating the conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution by using the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves;2-3、利用当前浇灌营养液的电导率值减去无水肥亏缺条件下营养液的电导率值，将差值乘以浇灌此营养液的天数，得到的结果为多施或者少施的营养液养分量；2-3. Using the conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution minus the conductivity value of the nutrient solution under the condition of anhydrous fertilizer deficiency, multiply the difference by the number of days of watering the nutrient solution, and the result is more or less applied. Nutrient nutrient content;步骤3、Step 3.根据获得的当前浇灌营养液的电导率值和多施或者少施的营养液养分量，若营养液养分量多施，则对当前浇灌营养液的电导率值降低10％；若营养液养分量少施，则对当前浇灌营养液的电导率值提升10％；然后每天测定特征叶的叶长，并与标准叶长模型输出的标准叶长进行大小比较，直至测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等，按照测定的特征叶叶长与模型输出的标准叶长相等时的营养液的电导率值进行营养液的浇灌。According to the obtained conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution and the nutrient liquid nutrient component of multiple or less application, if the nutrient solution is applied more, the conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution is reduced by 10%; If less is applied, the conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution is increased by 10%; then the leaf length of the characteristic leaf is measured daily and compared with the standard leaf length output by the standard leaf length model until the measured characteristic leaf length and model are determined. The output standard leaf lengths are equal, and the nutrient solution is watered according to the conductivity value of the nutrient solution when the measured leaf length is equal to the standard leaf length of the model output.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，其特征在于，步骤1-1中，所述温室番茄的特征叶叶位的具体确定方法为：The nutrient solution management technology based on the length of the greenhouse tomato leaf according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1-1, the specific determining method of the characteristic leaf position of the greenhouse tomato is:步骤a1、选取番茄品种和植株，并设计不同电导率的营养液浇灌所选取的番茄植株；Step a1, selecting tomato varieties and plants, and designing different conductivity nutrients to water the selected tomato plants;步骤a2、番茄植株的第一真叶展开后，每3天进行一次定株观测，观测项目包括株高、叶数、各叶位的叶长和各节位果实的直径，同时记录每天的日平均温度；当叶长增长量连续3次测量都低于0.5cm，则认为该叶片已达最大叶长，不再进行叶长测量；Step a2, after the first true leaf of the tomato plant is unfolded, a fixed plant observation is performed every 3 days, and the observation items include the plant height, the number of leaves, the leaf length of each leaf position, and the diameter of each node fruit, and records the daily day. Average temperature; when the leaf length increase is less than 0.5 cm for three consecutive measurements, it is considered that the leaf has reached the maximum leaf length and the leaf length measurement is no longer performed;步骤a3、在温室番茄结果前，采用excel软件对株高与叶片生长速率进行相关性分析，求得株高与叶片生长速率之间的决定系数a，以决定系数a最大的所在节位叶片为特 征叶，最终确定结果前的特征叶为倒3叶；Step a3. Before the greenhouse tomato result, correlation analysis between plant height and leaf growth rate was carried out by using excel software, and the coefficient of determination a between plant height and leaf growth rate was determined to determine the node leaf where the coefficient a is the largest. Special The leaves are plucked, and the characteristic leaves before the final determination result are inverted 3 leaves;在温室番茄结果后，首先建立番茄果实直径与果实鲜重的数学关系公式，利用测定的果实直径获得番茄植株每日的果实鲜重，进而得到整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量；分析整株番茄果实的鲜重日增长量与不同节位果实直径的决定系数b，以决定系数b最大值所在节位叶片为特征叶，最终确定结果后的特征叶为倒7叶。After the results of the greenhouse tomato, the mathematical relationship formula between the diameter of the tomato fruit and the fresh weight of the fruit was established. The fresh fruit weight of the tomato plant was obtained by using the measured fruit diameter, and the daily growth of fresh fruit weight of the whole tomato fruit was obtained. The daily growth rate of the fresh fruit weight of the tomato fruit and the coefficient of determination b of the fruit diameter of different nodes were characterized by the leaf of the node where the maximum value of the coefficient b was determined, and the characteristic leaf after the final determination was the inverted 7 leaf.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，其特征在于，步骤1、3中，所述特征叶的标准叶长的确定方法为：The nutrient solution management technique based on the length of a greenhouse tomato leaf according to claim 1, wherein in the steps 1 and 3, the method for determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf is:步骤b1、确定第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b1: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the expansion of any leaf, which satisfies the following formula:G＝∑(Tmean－Tb)，G=∑(Tmean-Tb),其中，G为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第n天的累积有效积温；Tmean为一天的日平均温度；Tb为界限温度，界限温度为公知常识；Wherein G is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the nth day after the development of any leaf; Tmean is the daily average temperature of the day; Tb is the boundary temperature, and the limit temperature is common knowledge;步骤b2、确定叶片展开后从第r天至第j天的累积有效积温，满足如下公式：Step b2: determining the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the blade is deployed, satisfying the following formula:ΔGrj＝Gj-Gr，ΔGrj=Gj-Gr,其中，ΔGrj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后从第r天到第j天的累积有效积温；Gr为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第r天的累积有效积温；Gj为第一真叶展开至任一叶展开后第j天的累积有效积温；Where ΔGrj is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature from the rth day to the jth day after the first true leaf is expanded to any leaf; Gr is the cumulative effective accumulated temperature of the first true leaf to the rth day after any leaf unfolding; Gj The cumulative effective accumulated temperature for the first true leaf to the jth day after deployment of any leaf;步骤b3、采用累积有效积温确定叶片总数，所述总叶片数满足如下公式：In step b3, the total number of blades is determined by using the cumulative effective accumulated temperature, and the total number of blades satisfies the following formula:N＝0.038×G-5.5，N=0.038×G-5.5,其中，N为叶片总数；Where N is the total number of blades;步骤b4、根据叶片总数确定特征叶的叶位，满足如下公式：Step b4, determining the leaf position of the characteristic leaf according to the total number of blades, and satisfying the following formula:
其中，C为特征叶的叶位；Where C is the leaf position of the characteristic leaf;步骤b5、根据特征叶的叶位计算标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，所述标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b满足如下公式：Step b5, calculating an average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model according to the leaf position of the characteristic leaves, wherein the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model satisfies the following formula:
其中，V为标准叶长模型中特征叶的平均生长速率b，单位为厘米每天。Where V is the average growth rate b of the characteristic leaves in the standard leaf length model, in centimeters per day.步骤b6、确定特征叶的标准叶长，特征叶的标准叶长所述满足如下公式：Step b6, determining the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf, and the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaf satisfies the following formula:Ls＝V×ΔGrj，Ls = V × ΔGrj,其中，Ls为特征叶的标准叶长。Where Ls is the standard leaf length of the characteristic leaves. - 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术，其特征在于，步骤2-2中，所述当前浇灌营养液的电导率值计算方法如下：The nutrient solution management technology based on the length of the greenhouse tomato leaf according to claim 1, wherein in step 2-2, the current conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution is calculated as follows:当温室番茄叶片数小于等于8时：Vm＝0.03×EC+0.3，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is less than or equal to 8: Vm=0.03×EC+0.3,当温室番茄叶片数大于8时：Vm＝0.58e0.167EC，When the number of tomato leaves in the greenhouse is greater than 8, Vm=0.58e 0.167EC ,其中，Vm为特征叶的平均生长速率a；EC为当前浇灌营养液的电导率值；Wherein, Vm is the average growth rate a of the characteristic leaves; EC is the conductivity value of the current watering nutrient solution;通过对测定的特征叶的平均生长速率反推，确定当前营养液的电导率值。 The conductivity value of the current nutrient solution is determined by counteracting the average growth rate of the measured characteristic leaves.
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| CN109284771B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-09-15 | 中国农业大学 | Tomato growth model determination method and device |
| CN112489211A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 广州极飞科技有限公司 | Crop growth state determination method, crop operation method and related device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101950321A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2011-01-19 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for controlling growth of tomatoes by establishing sunlight greenhouse long-season cultivated tomato plant leaf number model |
| US20140324490A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Michael H. Gurin | Distributed Farm Optimization System |
| CN104429264A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutriture of crop leaves |
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| CN101803555B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-07-20 | 中国农业大学 | Wax apple nutrient solution culture method |
| CN103004408A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-03 | 王世德 | Tomato seedling method in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN103583272B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2016-04-20 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Greenhouse tomato bears fruit rich water gas integral application process picking time |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101950321A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2011-01-19 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for controlling growth of tomatoes by establishing sunlight greenhouse long-season cultivated tomato plant leaf number model |
| US20140324490A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Michael H. Gurin | Distributed Farm Optimization System |
| CN104429264A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutriture of crop leaves |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| FAN ET AL: "Effect of Nutrient Solution Conductivity Regulation on Quality and Yield of Kaluo Tomato", ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-OCCIDENTALIS SINICA, vol. 20, no. 4, 30 April 2011 (2011-04-30), pages 102 - 105, 193 * |
| ZHANG ET AL: "Effects of nutrient solution supplying mode on growth, yield and quality of tomatoes using leaf number growth dynamic", JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER, vol. 22, no. 5, 5 April 2016 (2016-04-05), pages 1374 - 1383 * |
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| GB201909164D0 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
| CN106576547A (en) | 2017-04-26 |
| GB2571684A (en) | 2019-09-04 |
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