WO2019113265A1 - Composition d'un agent améliorant l'écoulement et son procédé d'utilisation dans des fluides hydrocarbonés - Google Patents

Composition d'un agent améliorant l'écoulement et son procédé d'utilisation dans des fluides hydrocarbonés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019113265A1
WO2019113265A1 PCT/US2018/064157 US2018064157W WO2019113265A1 WO 2019113265 A1 WO2019113265 A1 WO 2019113265A1 US 2018064157 W US2018064157 W US 2018064157W WO 2019113265 A1 WO2019113265 A1 WO 2019113265A1
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Prior art keywords
flow improver
hydrocarbon fluid
composition
carbon atoms
dendritic core
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PCT/US2018/064157
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English (en)
Inventor
Pradyumna Avinash Deshpande
Chandrashekhar Yeshwant KHANDEKAR
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M-I L.L.C.
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Priority to GB2010346.1A priority Critical patent/GB2583618B/en
Priority to NO20200694A priority patent/NO347582B1/en
Publication of WO2019113265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113265A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/005—Dendritic macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L35/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L35/06—Copolymers with vinyl aromatic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L87/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
    • C09K8/524—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning organic depositions, e.g. paraffins or asphaltenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/588—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
    • C08G63/6852—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • C08G83/002—Dendritic macromolecules
    • C08G83/005—Hyperbranched macromolecules
    • C08G83/006—After treatment of hyperbranched macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene

Definitions

  • remedial methods include pigging or scraping, insulating equipment and flow lines to prevent loss of heat, applying heat by means of a heated liquid (e.g., hot oil or hot water), using a heat generated reaction, or the application of inhibitors, dispersants or solvents.
  • a heated liquid e.g., hot oil or hot water
  • Paraffin precipitation, deposition, and its effect of fluid flow in a pipeline remains one of the biggest challenge in the oilfield industry.
  • Precipitation of paraffin (C n H 2n+2 ) from hydrocarbons is a function of primarily temperature, however there are other parameters, such as pressure, that affect the solubility of paraffin in hydrocarbon fluids and can cause its precipitation.
  • These precipitated paraffin’s under favorable conditions tend to form deposits inside pipelines, vessels and other oilfield equipment causing several problems such as reduction in the flow, higher back pressures, increased fluid viscosity, higher solids in the fluid leading to stable emulsions and oil water separation problems.
  • various thermal, mechanical and chemical methods are used in the oilfield industry including pigging, scraping, hot oiling and using paraffin inhibitors, pour point depressants, paraffin dispersants, paraffin solvents and combinations thereof.
  • Paraffin inhibitors typically crystalline/amorphous polymers, also known as wax crystal modifiers, are used in oil field industry to delay the onset of wax precipitation in hydrocarbon fluids and to mitigate the extent of wax deposition on the metal surfaces. These polymers, usually formulated in aliphatic or aromatic solvents, are injected above the wax appearance temperature (“WAT”). A part of the wax inhibitor, which co- crystallizes with the paraffin’s has a structure that is similar to the waxes and is nonpolar in nature. There is typically a polar component present in the structure which limits the degree of co-crystallization. The paraffin inhibitors /wax crystal modifiers interfere with the wax crystallization by modifying the wax crystal morphology. The ill formed crystal (also called a malcrystal) cannot form networks thereby preventing deposition of wax on the pipeline surface.
  • WAT wax appearance temperature
  • Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a flow improver composition that includes a branched dendritic core having a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, where in at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein at least one terminal hydroxyl group is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising of 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination, and wherein the dendritic core has no nitrogen atom; a polymeric inhibitor having an alkyl side chain of 2 to 40 carbon atoms; and an aromatic solvent.
  • embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method that includes adding a flow improver composition that includes a branched dendritic core having a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, where in at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein at least one terminal hydroxyl group is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising of 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination, and wherein the dendritic core has no nitrogen atom; a polymeric inhibitor having an alkyl side chain of 2 to 40 carbon atoms; and an aromatic solvent to a first hydrocarbon fluid to produce a second hydrocarbon fluid.
  • embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method that includes extracting a hydrocarbon fluid from a well; and adding a flow improver composition that includes a branched dendritic core having a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, where in at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein at least one terminal hydroxyl group is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising of 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination, and wherein the dendritic core has no nitrogen atom; a polymeric inhibitor having an alkyl side chain of 2 to 40 carbon atoms; and an aromatic solvent to the hydrocarbon fluid.
  • a hydrocarbon fluid refers to any fluid which comprises a hydrocarbon.
  • Hydrocarbon fluids of the present disclosure may include crude oil, crude oil condensate, and the various streams which are produced during extraction of hydrocarbons from wells. Also included are refined streams including various fuel oils, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, and the like.
  • the present disclosure generally provides compositions of a flow improver for treating a hydrocarbon fluid, wherein the flow improver composition comprises combination of a branched dendritic core with an polymeric inhibitor.
  • the combination of the dendrimer with the polymeric inhibitor may result in a synergistic improvement in flow of a hydrocarbon fluid to which the flow improver composition is added.
  • a combination of flow improvers according to the instant disclosure may be selected to tailor the flow improver to the properties of a particular hydrocarbon fluid and/or a particular set of conditions, such as by varying the relative amount of esterified hydroxyl groups present on the branched dendritic core, the carboxylic acid moieties, the branched dendritic core, the length of the alkyl side chain of the polymeric inhibitor, the presence or type of comonomer, etc. to produce different flow improvers according to the instant disclosure.
  • a method comprises adding a flow improver according to any one or combination of embodiments disclosed herein to a first hydrocarbon fluid to produce a second hydrocarbon fluid.
  • the first hydrocarbon fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid produced during extraction of hydrocarbons from a well, crude oil, a crude oil condensate, a middle distillate, a fuel oil, diesel, or a combination thereof.
  • a method comprises extracting a hydrocarbon fluid from a well and adding a flow improver according to any one or combination of embodiments disclosed herein to the hydrocarbon fluid.
  • flow improver is added to the hydrocarbon fluid prior to the hydrocarbon fluid being extracted from the well, the flow improver is added to the hydrocarbon fluid after the hydrocarbon fluid has been extracted from the well, or a combination thereof.
  • the well is located underwater.
  • the well is a deep water well located at least 1000 meters below the surface of the water.
  • the flow improver is added to a subterranean well.
  • the flow improver may be added to a hydrocarbon fluid in the well (i.e. a first hydrocarbon fluid).
  • a hydrocarbon fluid containing the flow improver i.e. a second hydrocarbon fluid
  • the flow improver may be added to a hydrocarbon fluid produced from a well at the well head or at the surface.
  • the flow improver is added to a hydrocarbon fluid prior to transporting the hydrocarbon fluid in a pipeline or a tank.
  • the flow improver composition of the present disclosure may include a branched dendritic core compound.
  • the branched dendritic core may have a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, where in at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein at least one terminal hydroxyl group is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising of 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination, and wherein the dendritic core has no nitrogen atom.
  • dendrimers are three-dimensional highly-ordered oligomers or polymers. They are obtainable by reiterative reaction sequences starting from an initiator core having one or more reactive sites. To each reactive site is attached one functional group only of a polyfunctional reactant. The reactant is then caused to react through its remaining functional group or groups with additional molecules either the same as the original core if it is polyfunctional or a different, poly functional, molecule or molecules, and so on, in each case under reaction conditions such that unwanted side reactions, for example, crosslinking, are avoided.
  • steps A and B produce higher generations which after Generation 4 result in concentric spheres of cells, the outermost sphere carrying external reactive groups.
  • Other dendrimers described by Tomalia include polyethylenimine, hydrocarbon, polyether, polythioether, polyamide, polyamido-alcohol and polyarylamine dendrimers.
  • branched, hyperbranched, and/or dendritic macromolecules are branched, hyperbranched, and/or dendritic macromolecules.
  • dendrimers suitable for use herein may generally be described as three dimensional highly branched (i.e., hyperbranched) molecules having a tree-like structure. Suitable branched dendrimers may be highly symmetric, while similar macromolecules designated as branched, may, to a certain degree, hold an asymmetry, yet maintaining a highly branched tree-like structure. Dendrimers can be said to be monodispersed variations of branched macromolecules.
  • branched dendrimers suitable for use herein comprise an initiator or nucleus having one or more reactive sites and a number of surrounding branching layers and optionally a layer of chain terminating molecules. As is known in the art, the layers are usually called generations, a designation hereinafter used. Branched dendritic or near dendritic macromolecules, also referred to herein as a branched dendritic core, may have three or more generations. Embodiments of the branched dendritic core may be illustrated by Formulae (I) and (II),
  • each of the four second carbon atoms Y is each bonded through one or more chain extender ligands, which may be linear or branched, to produce the branched dendritic core.
  • a and B are chain extender ligands having two or four reactive sites each. Suitable examples include polyfunctional ligands comprising hydroxyl groups, epoxides, carboxylic acids, and the like.
  • each of the chain extender forms one generation in the branched dendritic core.
  • a and/or B may include a plurality of chain extenders, linked together, each providing a branching point which is eventually terminated by a T functional group.
  • Each of the A and B chain extenders may be the same or different.
  • the branched dendrimer core, including the branches and terminating chains do not include nitrogen atoms.
  • the branched dendrimer core, including the branches and terminating chains consists essentially of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • a and B may consist essentially of carbon, hydrogen and/or oxygen.
  • T is a terminating chain stopper forming the last generation. T may either be monofunctional or give a suitable terminal functionality. In an embodiment, T may be selected from at least one of a hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxide group.
  • Each T may be a terminal hydroxyl group or a terminal hydroxyl group esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the branched dendritic core may have greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein at least one of the terminal hydroxyl groups is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the branched dendritic core may be represented by Formula III below.
  • the Formula III branched dendritic core do not comprise nitrogen functionality, and more specifically does not comprise amine or amide functionality.
  • Each R may be a hydrogen (i.e., a hydroxyl terminal group) or an esterified hydroxyl group which has been esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety selected from the group consisting of: greater than or equal to about 6 carbon atoms, greater than or equal to about 10 carbon atoms, and from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, with from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the ester linkage may include both saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids, as well as branched and/or linear carboxylic acids.
  • the branched dendritic core prior to being esterified with the carboxylic acid, has a hydroxyl number of greater than or equal to about 490 mg KOH/g, wherein the hydroxyl number represents the hydroxyl content of a dendritic core, and is derived by acetylating the hydroxyl and titrating the resultant acid against KOH, as is known in the art.
  • the hydroxyl number is thus the weight of KOH in milligrams that will neutralize the acid from 1 gram of the dendritic core prior to being esterified with a carboxylic acid.
  • the branched dendritic core may comprise at least one carboxylic acid and/or substituted carboxylic acid moiety having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, where essentially all of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the branched dendritic core are each esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the terminal hydroxyl groups on the branched dendritic core are each individually esterified with a corresponding number of the same carboxylic acid moiety.
  • the carboxylic moiety may be individually selected from a carboxylic acid moiety and/or a substituted carboxylic acid moiety having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the carboxylic acid moieties may be derived from carboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, behenic acid, tricosylic acid, lignoceric acid, pentacosylic acid, cerotic acid, heptacosylic acid, montanic acid, nonacosylic acid, melissic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid,
  • the branched dendritic core comprises terminal carboxylic acid moieties selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and substituted carboxylic acids having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or having 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
  • the at least one carboxylic acid moiety or substituted carboxylic acid moiety is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, l2-hydroxy steric acid, and combinations thereof.
  • the term“branched dendritic core” as used herein refers to a branched dendritic core wherein at least one of the terminal hydroxyl groups is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid and/or substituted carboxylic acid moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the carboxylic acid moiety is a substituted carboxylic acid moiety which is substituted with at least one functional group comprising elements from one or more of Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements.
  • the carboxylic acid moiety is a substituted carboxylic acid moiety which is substituted with at least one functional group comprising elements from one or more of Group 13, 14, 16, or 17 of the periodic table of the elements.
  • the at least one function group consists essentially of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and/or a halogen.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid moiety comprises a hydroxyl functional group, a halogen functional group, or a combination thereof.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid moiety is a hydroxy substituted carboxylic acid.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid moiety is 12 hydroxy stearic acid.
  • the branched dendritic core is present in the flow improver composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt.% to 10 wt.%. In another embodiment, the branched dendritic core in the composition is in an amount from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%.
  • the flow improver composition may also include an polymer in combination with the dendrimer to provide a synergistic improvement in flow.
  • the polymeric inhibitor may contain alkyl side chains or other hydrophobic domains that that associate with weakly soluble species and prevent aggregate or crystal formation.
  • the alkyl side chains may, for example, result from an ester-containing monomer (either formed from an esterification or transesterification post-polymerization or by polymerization of an unsaturated alkyl ester, such as an alkyl acrylate), an alpha-olefin, or an alkylated monomer.
  • the length of the alkyl side chain may be based, for example, on the paraffins in the hydrocarbon fluid.
  • the alkyl side chain may range from C2 to C40, or from C6 to C30 in more particular embodiments. It is understood that such alkyl side chain (including in all of the polymeric inhibitors described herein) may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
  • an ester (or alkyl ester side chain) may result from a monomer such as an alkyl (meth)acrylate (or other similar unsaturated alkyl esters), an unsaturated carboxylic acid (such as (meth)acrylic acid) that may be esterified post- polymerization, or maleic anhydride or other anhydride monomers that may be esterified post-polymerization.
  • the alkyl side chain in the resulting polymer that is used in the present compositions may have an alkyl side chain such as a C6 to C30 alkyl group as described above.
  • Vinyl acetate is also an ester-containing monomer that may be used in some embodiments.
  • inhibitors may include an alpha-olefin or a polyalpha- olefin.
  • the alpha-olefin of at least one copolymer is a linear alpha-olefin.
  • Alpha-olefins suitable for reaction with the cyclic amide may include any C2-C40 hydrocarbon having an a-b double bond.
  • the inhibitor may include a polyalphaolefm having hyperbranching therein (with at least 10% branching).
  • the long-chain alkyl groups may be formed by use of an a-b unsaturated monomer that may be subsequently modified through reaction with an alkylated nucleophile.
  • unsaturated monomers may include vinyl acrylates, maleic anhydride, and 1, 2-ethyl enedicarboximide, etc.
  • the resulting polymer may be transesterfied, in the case that the unsaturated monomer is an acrylic acid for example, with a long chain aliphatic alcohol.
  • maleic anhydride or maleimide to achieve the long chain alkyl functionality.
  • copolymeric inhibitors of the present disclosure may include a styrene monomer or a monomer that form linear polymers such as ethylene and monomers having alkyl chains of varying length in some embodiments.
  • inhibitors may be copolymers of at least a monomer such as ethylene, propylene, or butene.
  • the inhibitor may be a copolymer such as ethylene alpha-olefin copolymers.
  • olefin co-monomers may include propylene, n-butene, isobutene, n-octene-l, isooctene-l, n-decene-l, and n-dodecene-l.
  • Inhibitors in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure may also include copolymers having cyclic amides as well as long-chain alkyl groups.
  • the cyclic amide functionality may be achieved from a cyclic amide monomer, which may be reacted with at least one other monomer to form the copolymer.
  • additive compositions of the present disclosure may be suitable for improving flow in a wax-containing hydrocarbon fluids containing high molecular weight linear paraffins, i.e., paraffins having at least 12 carbon atoms. Further, additive compositions may be used for treating fluids containing high molecular weight linear paraffins such as those containing 25 carbon atoms or more. For example, the compositions of the present disclosure may alter the wax appearance temperature of a paraffin containing hydrocarbon fluid.
  • inhibitors may contain polymers that have been transesterified poly(methyl acrylate) such that the resulting polymer is a methyl acrylate- alkyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate-alkyl methacrylate.
  • any of the ester groups may be linear or branched.
  • the alkyl groups of the alkyl-acrylate polymers may include at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl groups may include 12 to 40 carbon atoms in some embodiments of the present disclosure, and 20 to 60 carbon atoms in other embodiments.
  • inhibitors may be ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, vinyl acetate-olefin copolymers, polyalkyl(meth)acrylates, alkyl esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers, alpha olefin-maleic anhydrides, esters of alpha olefin-maleic anhydrides, alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acid-olefin copolymers, alkyl acrylate-alkyl maleate copolymers, alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenols, alpha-olefin copolymers, ethylene-vinyl fatty acid ester copolymers, or long-chain fatty acid amides.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • vinyl acetate-olefin copolymers polyalkyl(
  • the inhibitor may be a copolymer having an of an alpha-olefin and an anhydride (such as, but not limited to maleic anhydride) esterified with an alkyl group of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a copolymer or polymer of an alkyl acrylate monomer, where alkyl is from C6-C30 carbon atoms or a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride that is subsequently esterified with a C6 to C30 alkyl group, or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (optionally transesterified with a longer alkyl group, such as C6 to C30).
  • anhydride such as, but not limited to maleic anhydride
  • the polymeric inhibitor included in the flow improver composition may be a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer that is esterified with a C6 to C30 alkyl group.
  • the esterification may occur, for example, at a greater than 1 : 1 ratio with the maleic anhydride monomer content, or a greater than 1.5 ratio, or at a 2: 1 ratio with the maleic anhydride content.
  • a diester for the maleic anhydride functional units may be formed.
  • the polymeric inhibitor (including those described above) is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%.
  • a lower limit may include any one of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, or 15 weight percent
  • an upper limit may include any one of 5, 10, 15, or 20 weight percent, where any lower limit can be used in combination with any upper limit.
  • a surfactant may be included in the flow improver composition.
  • the inclusion of the surfactant may be to assist in the dispersion of any precipitated molecules (if precipitation does occur), rather than the inhibition of deposition.
  • non-ionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants may all be used.
  • non-ionic surfactants include, for example, alcohol ethoxylate, fatty acid esters, polyol esters, alkanolamindes, and alkoxylated alkyl phenols, amine and amide derivatives, alkylpolyglucosides, ethyleneoxide / propyleneoxide copolymers, polyalcohols, and ethoxylated polyalcohols.
  • anionic surfactants include, for example, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (or sulfonate salts thereof), napthlalene sulfonic acid (or sulfonate salts thereof), alkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl aryl ether sulfate, sulfated alkanolamides, glyceride sulfates, alpha olefin sulphonates, lignosulphonates, and phosphate esters.
  • cationic surfactants include, for example, quaternary ammonium salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl and cyclic amines, oxy and ethoxylated amines, linear diamines, amide, ester and ether-amines, alkanol amides, amino acids, and hydroxyalkyl imidazolines.
  • the surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount ranging up to 20 wt.%.
  • the lower limit may be any of 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 weight percent
  • the upper limit may be any of 5, 10, 15, or 20 weight percent, where any lower limit may be used with any upper limit.
  • the branched dendrimer and the polymeric inhibitor may be added to an aromatic solvent in the formulation of the flow improver composition of the present disclosure.
  • aromatic solvents may be xylene, toluene, or aromatic naphtha.
  • the solvent in the composition is in an amount from 20 wt.% to 80 wt.%.
  • the lower limit may be any of 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 weight percent
  • the upper limit may be any of 50, 60, 70, or 80 weight percent, where any lower limit can be used in combination with any upper limit.
  • the composition of hydrocarbon fluid inhibitors described herein functions to inhibit paraffin deposition from a hydrocarbon fluid having a wax appearance temperature.
  • a hydrocarbon fluid has a wax appearance temperature, when a precipitate (e.g., paraffin, wax, or other solid material) forms upon cooling of the fluid.
  • the wax appearance temperature is the temperature at which the paraffin precipitates. This phenomenon may occur when the fluid contacts a surface having a temperature below the wax appearance temperature.
  • the wax dissolution temperature of the fluid is the temperature at all wax that has come out of solution re- dissolves into the fluid, and the fluid becomes single phase.
  • the wax appearance temperature is determined using a microscope having polarization and phase contrast employing an objective lens of 10 c and higher, and an optical lens of 10 c and higher. Samples of the fluid are first heated to 140 °F (60 °C), homogenized, and centrifuged to get rid of any free water. Next, a tiny drop of homogenized preheated fluid is placed on a sample slide equilibrated with the stage at 140 °F, and covered by a coverslip such that the sample is positioned within the optical path of microscope. Then, the sample slide is brought into focus. The temperature of the stage is then ramped down via computer control and an optical reading is taken via computer control in 30 second intervals according to methods known in the art. The temperature at which the first wax crystal appeared is detected is recorded as the wax appearance temperature. The temperature is then ramped upward and the temperature at which the phase contrast disappears is recorded as the wax dissolution temperature. Programmed rate of heating and cooling cycles is shown in Table 1 below.
  • wax inhibition may also be determined by using a cold finger procedure, which determines the ability of the flow improver to inhibit paraffin formation for waxy crude oils.
  • the cold finger test is conducted by using a temperature controlled chamber that keeps the sample at a prescribed temperature, typically above the sample’s wax appearance temperature, and a metal tube, referred to as the cold finger, which is maintained at the desired test temperature, typically below that of the surrounding oil.
  • the temperature of the cold finger is typically at the temperature of interest for a particular end use, which is generally very low between 35F and 50F.
  • the test may be conducted by contacting a sample of the hydrocarbon fluid being maintained at a temperature above the wax appearance temperature with the cold finger, which is maintained at the temperature of interest, which is below the wax appearance temperature of the hydrocarbon fluid.
  • a heat flux across the finger's metal surface and the bulk hydrocarbon fluid induces precipitation of the paraffin (i.e., wax deposition).
  • the wax deposit that is formed for an untreated hydrocarbon fluid i.e., in the absence of the flow improver
  • a percent inhibition number is then calculated from the ratio of the two values.
  • the cold finger test may be conducted by the following procedures, or an equivalent thereof.
  • a hydrocarbon fluid is heated at 130 °F.
  • An 80 ml of the heated hydrocarbon fluid is transferred to a glass jar, followed by injection of a wax inhibitor at 1000 ppm.
  • the glass jar is sealed and shaken.
  • the glass jar is placed back to the water bath at 130 °F for 30 minutes.
  • the glass jar is attached to a cold finger unit and immersed into the water bath which is preheated to 130 °F with constant stirring.
  • the water bath temperature is set to 80 °F and the cold finger temperature is set at 50 °F.
  • the glass jar is under the conditions for 20 hours, it is removed from the water bath and from the cold finger unit subsequently.
  • the wax deposit is collected and weighed. Wax inhibition percentage is calculated by the following equation.
  • a method comprises extracting a hydrocarbon fluid from a well and adding a flow improver according to any one or combination of embodiments disclosed herein to the hydrocarbon fluid.
  • flow improver is added to the hydrocarbon fluid prior to the hydrocarbon fluid being extracted from the well, the flow improver is added to the hydrocarbon fluid after the hydrocarbon fluid has been extracted from the well, or a combination thereof.
  • the well is located underwater.
  • the well is a deep water well located at least 1000 meters below the surface of the water.
  • the flow improver is added to a subterranean well.
  • the flow improver may be added to a hydrocarbon fluid in the well (i.e. a first hydrocarbon fluid.
  • a hydrocarbon fluid containing the flow improver i.e. a second hydrocarbon fluid
  • the flow improver may be added to a hydrocarbon fluid produced from a well at the well head or at the surface.
  • the flow improver is added to a hydrocarbon fluid prior to transporting the hydrocarbon fluid in a pipeline or a tank.
  • Methods in accordance with the present disclosure may include admixing an flow improver composition of the present disclosure with a hydrocarbon fluid in an effective amount, i.e., an amount sufficient to produce some reduction in the appearance of waxes or poorly soluble aggregates at decreased temperatures as compared to an untreated fluid.
  • flow improver compositions may be added at a concentration that may range from a lower limit selected from any of 0.0001 percent by weight (wt %), 0.001 wt %, 0.1 wt %, 1 wt %, and 2 wt % to an upper limit selected from any of 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 5 wt %, 10 wt %, and 15 wt %, where the concentration of the flow improver composition may range from any lower limit to any upper limit.
  • the concentration of the flow improver composition in the hydrocarbon flud may range from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %.
  • the desired concentration of flow improver composition may depend on the type of fluid being treated, and that the desirable amount is an amount sufficient to achieve the highest variance in wax appearance temperature and viscosity at the lowest reasonable dosage.
  • compositions of flow improvers were produced according to the instant disclosure. Isopropyl amine dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as the surfactant; xylene was used as the solvent; a composition of dendritic hydroxyl groups with C22 carboxylic acid (1 :20), under the trade name of EPT 2456, obtained from Schlumberger, was used as the dendrimer, and styrene maleic anhydride ester copolymer, under the trade name of RS- 10617 obtained from Schlumberger.
  • Example 1 The composition of example 1 comprises 15 wt.% of surfactant and
  • Example 2 The composition of example 2 comprises 20 wt.% of EPT 2456 and
  • Example 3 The composition of example 3 comprises 20 wt.% of SMA copolymer and 80 wt.% of xylene.
  • Example 4 The composition of example 4 comprises 5 wt.% of EPT 2456, 15 wt.% of SMA, 15 wt.% of surfactant, and 65 wt.% of xylene.
  • EPT 2456 was heated to 60 °C until the product became completely liquid. Sixty- five grams of xylene was charged into a 500 ml two-neck flask fitted with constant stirring in a water bath at 50 °C. Five grams of preheated EPT 2456 was added to the xylene and mixed for 20 minutes. Fifteen grams of surfactant was added slowly into the mixture. Exotherm was checked, and then 15 gram of SMA was added slowly and stirred for 20 minutes until the final product became a complete clear pale yellow solution.
  • a conventional wax inhibitor comprising 12 wt.% of a composition of standard alpha olefin maleic anhydride ester copolymer, 12 wt.% of styrene Maleic anhydride ester copolymer, 29 wt.% of xylene, and 47 wt.% of hexane was compared to Examples 1-4 [0069] Wax Appearance Temperature
  • Table 3 wax inhibition of examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 on fluids 1-3 of south Texas
  • Example 4 has a better wax inhibition effect as compared to Examples 1-3.
  • Example 4 When comparing Example 4 with Example 2, the difference might seem not as significant as comparing Example 4 with Examples 1 and 3, and Conventional; however, considering that in Example 2, EPT 2456 is used in an amount of 20 wt.%, while in Example 4, only 5 wt.% of EPT 2456 is used, Example 4 demonstrates a more economical and efficient way to inhibit wax formation as compared to Example 2.
  • Example 4 Based on the above fluids synergistic effect of Example 4, similar synergy is observed on the rest of Fluids 4-12 when compared with standard wax inhibitor sample (Conventional) as shown in the Table 4 below: [0075] Table 4: wax inhibition of example 4 on fluids 4-12 of south Texas Eagle Ford fluids.
  • Example 4 shows more economical and efficient as compared to the conventional wax inhibitor.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'agent améliorant l'écoulement qui peut comprendre un cœur dendritique ramifié comprenant un premier centre carbone quaternaire lié à quatre seconds atomes de carbone, au moins trois des quatre seconds atomes de carbone étant liés individuellement à un ou plusieurs ligands allongeurs de chaîne pour produire le cœur dendritique ramifié, le cœur dendritique ramifié ayant un nombre de groupes hydroxyle terminaux supérieur ou égal à environ 16, au moins un groupe hydroxyle terminal étant estérifié avec au moins une fraction acide carboxylique comprenant de 6 à 30 atomes de carbone ou une combinaison, et le cœur dendritique possédant un atome d'azote ; un inhibiteur polymère comprenant une chaîne alkyle latérale constituée de 2 à 40 atomes de carbone ; et un solvant aromatique.
PCT/US2018/064157 2017-12-07 2018-12-06 Composition d'un agent améliorant l'écoulement et son procédé d'utilisation dans des fluides hydrocarbonés WO2019113265A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114096582A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2022-02-25 毕克化学有限公司 倾点下降剂

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140224495A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-08-14 Schlumberger Norge As Hydrocarbon fluid flow improver
WO2016069524A1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Ecolab Usa Inc. Composition et procédé de dispersion de paraffines dans les pétroles bruts
WO2017012716A1 (fr) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Sasol Performance Chemicals Gmbh Utilisation d'additifs polymères pour des fluides contenant de la paraffine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140224495A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-08-14 Schlumberger Norge As Hydrocarbon fluid flow improver
WO2016069524A1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Ecolab Usa Inc. Composition et procédé de dispersion de paraffines dans les pétroles bruts
WO2017012716A1 (fr) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Sasol Performance Chemicals Gmbh Utilisation d'additifs polymères pour des fluides contenant de la paraffine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114096582A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2022-02-25 毕克化学有限公司 倾点下降剂
CN114096582B (zh) * 2019-07-08 2024-02-13 毕克化学有限公司 倾点下降剂

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GB2583618B (en) 2022-08-03

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