WO2019112593A1 - Procédés et appareil pour améliorer le débit de réseau dans un réseau de communications sans fil - Google Patents

Procédés et appareil pour améliorer le débit de réseau dans un réseau de communications sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019112593A1
WO2019112593A1 PCT/US2017/065135 US2017065135W WO2019112593A1 WO 2019112593 A1 WO2019112593 A1 WO 2019112593A1 US 2017065135 W US2017065135 W US 2017065135W WO 2019112593 A1 WO2019112593 A1 WO 2019112593A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cts
rts
sta
data transmission
circuitry
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PCT/US2017/065135
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English (en)
Inventor
Juan FANG
Thomas J. Kenney
Alexander W. Min
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Intel Corporation
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Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Priority to DE112017008258.7T priority Critical patent/DE112017008258T5/de
Priority to PCT/US2017/065135 priority patent/WO2019112593A1/fr
Publication of WO2019112593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019112593A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to wireless fidelity connectivity (Wi-Fi) and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus to improve network throughput in a wireless
  • Wi-Fi enabled devices include personal computers, video-game consoles, mobile phones and devices, digital cameras, tablets, smart televisions, digital audio players, etc Wi-Fi allows the Wi-Fi enabled devices to wirelessly access the Internet via a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a Wi-Fi access point transmits a radio frequency Wi-Fi signal to the Wi-Fi enabled device within the access point (e.g., a hotspot) signal range.
  • Wi-Fi is implemented using a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications (e.g., such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol).
  • MAC media access control
  • PHY physical layer
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of an access point network used herein to improve network throughput.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example spatial reuse determiner of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3-6 are flowcharts representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example spatial reuse determiner of FIGS 1 and/or 2,
  • FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of a wireless communication protocol that increases network throughput.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some examples.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8 in accordance with some examples.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an exampl e radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8 in accordance with some examples
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example baseband processing circuitry ' for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 8 in accordance with some examples.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a processor platform structured to execute the example machine readable instructions of FIG. 3-6 to implement the example spatial reuse determiner of FIGS. 1 and/or 2.
  • Various locations may provide Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi enabled devices (e.g., stations (STA)) to connect the Wi-Fi enabled devices to the Internet, or any other network, with minimal hassle.
  • the locations may provide one or more Wi-Fi access points (APs) to output Wi-Fi signals to the Wi-Fi enabled device within a transmission range of the Wi-Fi signals (e.g., a hotspot).
  • a Wi-Fi AP is structured to wirelessly connect a Wi-Fi enabled device to the Internet through a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi protocols (e.g., such as IEEE 802.11).
  • the Wi-Fi protocol is the protocol by which the AP communicates with the STAs to provide access to the Internet by transmitting uplink (UL) transmission data and receiving downlink (DL) transmission data to/from the Internet.
  • Some Wi-Fi protocols include a request-to-send (RTS) frame and a clear- to-send (CTS) frame to help to mitigate a hidden node problem (e ., an AP device prevented from sending packets to other STAs because of an ongoing data transmission of a neighboring AP).
  • RTS request-to-send
  • CTS clear- to-send
  • the AP wirelessly transmits the RTS frame corresponding to the STA.
  • the STA responds with a CTS frame and data transmission commences.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • APs may be communicating with three ST As (e.g., API to STA1, AP2 to STA2, and AP3 to STA3) in three overlapping basic services sets (BSSes).
  • BSSes basic services sets
  • the APs contend for a wireless channel (e.g., the wireless medium). If API wins the channel, API sends a RTS frame to STA1, and AP2 and AP3 set their NAY to the end of the primary data transmission between the API and the STA1 based on the RTS.
  • AP2 and AP3 will refrain from transmitting data to STA2 or STA3 after receiving the RTS frame from the API.
  • STA2 and/or STA3 are located outside of the transmission range of API , then they can receive data from AP2 or AP3 without being interfered by the data transmission of AP I to STA1.
  • Examples disclosed herein increase network throughput by providing a protocol to enable secondary data transmission simultaneously to ongoing (e.g., primary) data transmission without degrading the ongoing data transmission, thereby increasing the network throughput.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example AP network 100 using protocols to improving network throughput.
  • FIG. 1 includes example APs 102, 104, 106, example AP transmission ranges 103, 105, 107, example STAs 108, 110, 112, example ST A transmission ranges 109, 111, 1 13, example spatial reuse determiners 114a-c, and an example network 116.
  • the example APs 102, 104, 106 of FIG. 1 are devices that allow the example STAs 108, 110, 112 to access the example network 116 (e.g., the Internet).
  • the example APs 102, 104, 106 may be routers, modem-routers, and/or any other devices that provide a wireless connection to the example network 116.
  • an APs 102, 104, 106 may be routers that provides a wireless communication link to a STA (e.g., the example STAs 108, 110, 1 12).
  • the APs 102, 104, 106 access the network 116 through a wire connection via a modem.
  • a modem-router combines the functionalities of the modem and the router.
  • the APs 102, 104, 106 each include the example spatial reuse determiners H4a-c.
  • the example spatial reuse determiners 1 14a-c are further described below.
  • the example STAs 108, 110, 1 12 of FIG. I are Wi-Fi enabled computing devices.
  • the example STAs 108, 110, 112 may be, for example, computing devices, portable devices, mobile devices, mobile telephones, smart phones, tablets, gaming systems, digital cameras, digital video recorders, televisions, set top boxes, e-book readers, and/or any other Wi-Fi enabled devices.
  • the example STAs 108, 110, 112 communicate with the example APs 102, 104, 106 to access the example network 116 (e.g., the Internet).
  • the example spatial reuse determiners H4a-c of FIG. 1 facili tate secondary data transmission simultaneously to ongoing data transmission without degrading the ongoing data transmission. For example, when the example API 102 wins a data transmission contention for the wireless medium, the example API 102 transmits a RTS to the example STA1 108 (e.g., a connected STA) and the example STAI 108 responds with a CTS. Because the STA2 110 is outside of the transmission range 103 of the example API 102, will not receive the RTS from the example API 102.
  • the STA2 110 will not set its NAV and will not be affected by the data transmission of the example API 102.
  • the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of the example AP2 104 contends with the example spatial reuse determiner 114c of the example AP3 106 for the wireless medium (e.g., during the ongoing data transmission of the example AP I 102).
  • the example spatial reuse determiner 1 14b facilitates a transmission (e.g., using the components of the example AP2 104) of a secondary RTS during the primary data transmission of the example API 102 to the example STAI 108 to initiate a secondary data transmission in the medium (e.g., if there is a STA whose NAV is not set within the transmission range 105 of the example AP2 104) during the primary data transmission. Because the example STA2 110 is within the example transmission range 105 and has not set its NAV, the example STA2 110 responds with a CTS and the example spatial reuse determiner 114b initiates secondary' data transmission.
  • the example spatial reuse determiner 114b is further described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
  • the example network 116 of FIG. 1 is a system of interconnected systems exchanging data.
  • the example network 116 may be implemented using any type of public or private network such as, but not limited to, the Internet, a telephone network, a local area network (LAN), a cable network, and/or a wireless network.
  • the example Wi-Fi APs 102, 104, 106 include a communication interface that enables a connection to an Ethernet, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, a coaxial cable, or any wireless connection, etc.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • FIG. 2 is a block di agram of the example spatial reuse determiner 1 14b of FIG. 1.
  • the example spatial reuse determiner 114b includes an example AP component interface 200, an example data processor 202, an example channel contender 204, and an example communication facilitator 206.
  • the spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 2 is described in conjunction with the example AP2 104 of FIG. 1 , the example spatial reuse determiner 114 may be described in conjunction with any of the example spatial reuse determiners 114a-c of the example APs 102, 104, 106 in any network.
  • the example AP component interface 200 of FIG. 2 interfaces with components of the example AP2 104 to transmit signals (e.g., including data signals, control signals, etc ), receive signals, and/or sense communications between the devices of FIG. 1 (e.g., the example APs 104, 106 and/or the example STAs 108, 110, 112).
  • the AP component interface 200 may instruct the radio architecture of the AP2 104 (e.g., the example radio architecture 800 of FIG. 8) to transmit/sense AP RTS frames, transmit DL data, determine RSSI values, set NAVs, and/or sense CTS frames based on instructions from the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 204, and/or the example communication facilitator 206.
  • the example data processor 202 of FIG. 2 processes received data from an antenna of the example AP2 104 (e.g., via the example AP component interface 200).
  • the data processor 202 processes an RTS to determine the length and/or end of the data transmission corresponding to the RTS.
  • the data processor 202 determines the signal strength of a RTS from the example API 102.
  • the data processor 202 may instruct the AP2 102 to measure the RSSI of the data being transmitted by the example API 102 (e.g., the DL data and/or the RTS) via the example AP component interface 200 to determine the signal strength.
  • the example data processor 202 determines if a CTS has been detected by interfacing with the components of the example AP2 104. In some examples, the data processor 202 determines if a CTS has been detected by processing a received CTS frame to verify that the CTS frame corresponds to a transmitted RTS frame. In some examples, the data processor 202 determines if a CTS has been detected based on a change in signal strength of a signal from the example API 102. In some examples, the data processor 202 determines if a CTS has been detected based on a cross correlation or autocorrelation of the wireless medium.
  • the example channel contender 204 of FIG. 2 contends for the wireless medium.
  • the channel contender 204 may contend for the wireless medium with the other example APs 102, 106 to be able to transmit data to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA2 110).
  • the channel contender 204 contends for the wireless medium while another AP (e.g., API 102) is using the medium to transmit data to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA1 108).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 of FIG. 2 transmits signals to AP components to facilitate a communications with other devices (e.g., the example APs 102, 106 and/or the example STA2 110 of FIG. 1).
  • the communication facilitator 206 sets and maintains the NAV. For example, when a RTS is received, the example communication facilitator 206 sets the NAV based on a data transmission duration identified in the RTS by the data processor 202. In such an example, the communication facilitator 206 ends the NAV corresponding to the data transmission duration. Additionally, the example communication facilitator 206 instructs the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit an RTS and/or data (e.g., DL data) to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA2 110).
  • RTS and/or data e.g., DL data
  • the example AP component interface 200, the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 204, the example communication facilitator 206, and/or, more generally, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 2 and/or the example application processor 810 of FIG. 8 may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware.
  • any of the example AP component interface 200, the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 204, the example communication facilitator 206, and/or, more generally, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 2 and/or the example application processor 810 of FIG. 8 could be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • FPLD field programmable logic device
  • At least one of the example AP component interface 200, the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 204, the example communication facilitator 206, and/or, more generally, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 2 and/or the example application processor 810 of FIG 8 is/are hereby expressly defi ned to include a non -transitory computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. including the software and/or
  • example AP component interface 200, the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 204, the example communication facilitator 206, and/or, more generally, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 2 and/or the example application processor 810 of FIG. 8 may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in FIG. 2, and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices.
  • the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor 1212 shown in the example processor platform 1200 discussed below in connection with FIG. 12.
  • the program may be embodied in software stored on a non -transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor 1212, but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 1212 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware.
  • any or all of the blocks may be implemented by one or more hardware circuits (e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.) structured to perform the corresponding operation without executing software or firmw'are.
  • hardware circuits e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.
  • FIGS. 3-6 may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non- transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory', a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information).
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media.
  • FIG. 3 is an example flowchart 300 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example spatial reuse determiner 1 14b of FIG. 1 to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • the example flowchart 300 is described in conjunction with the spatial reuse determiner 114b of the example AP2 104, the instructions may be executed by any of the spatial reuse determiner of any AP in any network.
  • the example AP component interface senses a RTS frame from the AP components of the example AP2 104.
  • the RTS frame is transmitted from another AP (e.g., the example API 102)
  • the RTS includes data corresponding to the duration of the data transmission from the example AP I 102 to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA1 102).
  • the example data processor 202 determines the signal strength based on the RTS.
  • the data processor 202 may instaict the components of the example AP2 104 to determine the signal strength based on an RSSI value measurement (e.g., via the example AP component interface 200).
  • the example data processor 202 determines the data transmission length based on the RTS. For example, the data processor 202 may process the header of the RTS to determine the data transmission length. In this manner, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b is aware of when an ongoing data transmission will end.
  • the example communication facilitator 206 sets the NAV of the example AP2 104 based on the data transmission length.
  • the example data processor 202 determines if a CTS has been detected using data received from the components of the example AP2 104 (e.g., via the example AP component interface 200).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 waits until the data transmission duration ceases (block 310), and the process continues to block 320, as further described below. If the example data processor 202 determines that the CTS has not been detected (block 308: NO), the example communications facilitator 206 adjusts the clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold based on the signal strength (e.g., of the RTS or of the ongoing data transmission of the example API 102) (block 312). The example communication facilitator 206 adjusts the CCA threshold to ensure that the CCA threshold is higher than the RSSI of the RTS or data frame that may be transmitted on the medium to check whether there is ongoing data transmission besides the RTS frame or the Data fame over the channel .
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the example channel contender 204 contends for the wireless medium during the ongoing data transmission of the example API 102.
  • the channel contender 204 may interface with the components of the example AP2 104 via the example A] 3 component interface 200 to attempt to reserve the wareless medium for a secondary transmission.
  • the example channel contender 204 determines if the contention was won. If the example channel contender 204 determines that the contention was won (block 316: YES), the process continues to block A, as further described below in conjunction with FIGS.4-6. If the example channel contender 204 determines that the contention was not won (block 318: NO), the example communications facilitator 206 determines if the data transmission has ceased (block 318).
  • the communications facilitator 206 determines whether the data transmission has ceased based on the determined transmission length . If the example communication facilitator 206 determines that the data transmission has not yet ceased (block 318: NO), the process returns to block 302). If the example communications facilitator 206 determines that the data transmission has ceased (block 318: YES), the example communication facilitator 206 ends the NAV (block 320).
  • FIG. 4 is an example flowchart 400 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 1 to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • the example flowchart 400 is described in conjunction with the spatial reuse determiner 114b of the example AP2 104, the instructions may be executed by any of the spatial reuse determiner of any AP in any network.
  • the example flowchart 400 begins in response to winning a secondary channel contention, as described above in conjunction with block 316 of FIG. 3.
  • the example AP component interface 200 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit an RTS to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA2 110 of FIG. 1).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines if a CTS has been received from the connected STA. For example, the communication facilitator 206 may determine if the AP components of the example AP2 104 has sensed a CTS (e.g., by detecting the CTS in response to detecting a preamble).
  • the data processor 202 may process the received CTS to determine if the CTS is from the connected STA. For example, the data processor 202 may processes the data frames of the CTS to identify the source of the CTS.
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines a CTS from the connected STA has been received (block 404: YES), the example communication facilitator 206 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit data to the connected STA based on the data transmission length (block 406). For example, the communication facilitator 206 may determine the end of the ongoing transmission from the example API 102 to the example STA1 108 (e.g., corresponding to block 305 of FIG. 3), and may transmit data to the example STA2 106 to correspond to the end of the ongoing transmission. In this manner, the ongoing data
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines a CTS from the connected STA has been not received (block 404: NO), the example communication facilitator 206 waits until the data transmission ceases (e.g., based on the data transmission duration) (block 408). At block 410, the example communication facilitator 206 ends the NAV
  • FIG. 5 is an example flowchart 500 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 1 to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • the example flowchart 600 is described in conjunction with the spatial reuse determiner 114b of the example AP2 104, the instructions may be executed by any of the spatial reuse determiner of any AP in any network.
  • the example flowchart 500 begins in response to winning a secondary channel contention, as described above in conjunction with block 316 of FIG. 3.
  • the example AP component interface 200 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit an RTS to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA2 110 of FIG 1).
  • a connected STA e.g., the example STA2 110 of FIG 1).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines if the signal strength was consistent over the past X duration of time. For example, the communication facilitator 206 may determine the signal strength at a first and second time and determine if the signal strength is consistent based on the comparison from the first and second times. The communication facilitator 206 corresponds a significant change in the signal strength to the retrieval of a CTS, because a significant signal strength change corresponds to a secondary CTS being transmitted during an ongoing transmission.
  • the AP2 104 may continuously monitor the signal strength of the operation channel used by the example API 102 In such an example, the communication facilitator 206 may determine if the AP components of the example AP2 104 has sensed a change in signal strength of the wireless medium .
  • the example communication facilitator 206 assumes that a CTS frame was not received and prevents the example AP2 102 from sending data to the STA corresponding to the RTS (e.g., the example STA2 110).
  • the X duration of time corresponds to a Short Interframe Space (SIFS) + transmission time of the CTS frame (TCTS) + SIFS time duration.
  • SIFS Short Interframe Space
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines that the signal strength is not consistent over the past duration of time (block 504: NO)
  • the example communication facilitator 206 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit data to the connected STA based on the data transmission length (block 506). For example, the
  • communication facilitator 206 may determine the end of the ongoing transmission from the example AP I 102 and the example STAI 108 (e.g., corresponding to block 305 of FIG. 3), and may transmit data to the example STA2 106 to correspond to the end of the ongoing
  • FIG. 6 is an example flowchart 600 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 1 to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • example flowchart 600 is described in conjunction with the spatial reuse determiner 114b of the example AP2 104, the instructions may be executed by any of the spatial reuse determiner of any AP in any network.
  • the example flowchart 600 begins in response to winning a secondary channel contention, as described above in conjunction with block 316 of FIG. 3.
  • the example AP component interface 200 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to transmit an RTS to a connected STA (e.g., the example STA2 110 of FIG. 1).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 performs a cross correlation to detect a CTS signal by instructing the components of the example AP2 102 to perform a cross correlation (e.g , auto correlation) function to detect a CTS. In this manner, because the CTS will be subject to interface from the ongoing transmission, the example communication facilitator 206 detects the CTS, as opposed to trying to decode the potentially noisy CTS.
  • a cross correlation e.g , auto correlation
  • such a cross correlation CTS detection technique allows the example AP2 104 to detect the CTS at a lower signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), thereby allowing the AP2 104 to send secondary data to the example ST.A2 110.
  • the example communication facilitator 206 may perform an autocorrelation to detect the CTS signal.
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines if the CTS signal has been detected using the cross-correlation technique or auto-correlation technique. If the example communication facilitator 206 determines that CTS signal has been detected using cross-correlation and/or autocorrelation (block 606: YES), the example communication facilitator 206 interfaces with the components of the example AP2 104 to tran smit data to the connected STA based on the data transmission length (block 608). For example, the
  • communication facilitator 206 may determine the end of the ongoing transmission from the example API 102 and the example STA1 108 (e.g., corresponding to block 305 of FIG. 3), and may transmit data to the example STA2 106 to correspond to the end of the ongoing
  • the example communication facilitator 206 determines that CTS signal has not been detected using cross- correlation and/or autocorrelation (block 606: NO)
  • the example communication facilitator 206 waits until the data transmission ceases (e.g., based on the data transmission duration) (block 610).
  • the example communication facilitator 206 ends the NAV.
  • FIG. 7 is an example timing diagram 700 of a wireless communication protocol that increases network throughput.
  • the example timing diagram 700 illustrates the communications between the example APs 102, 104, 106 and the example ST As 108, 110, 112 of FIG. 1.
  • the example timing diagram 700 includes an example primary RTS 702, an example primary CTS 708, example NAYs 704, 706, example primary data 710, an example secondary' RTS 712, an example secondary ' CTS 714, example secondary data 716, and example acknowledgments (ACKs) 718, 720.
  • ACKs acknowledgments
  • the example timing diagram 700 of FIG. 7 is described in conjunction with the example AP network 100 of FIG. 1. Accordingly, the example APs 102, 104, 106 are within each other’s transmission ranges 103, 105, 107. However, the example STA2 110 is outside of the transmission ranges 103, 107, 109, 113 of the example APs/STAs 102, 106, 108, 112.
  • the example STA2 110 will not be affected by a data transmission to/from the example APs/STAs 102, 106, 108, 112. Additionally, the example STA3 112 is within the transmission ranges 103, 107, 109 of the example APs/STAs 103, 107, 109.
  • the example API 102 transmits the example primary RTS 702 to the example STA1 108 (e.g., the connect STA) after winning a contention for the wireless medium.
  • the example AP2 104, the example APS 106, and the example STA 3 112 sense the example primary' RTS 702 (e.g., because the example AP2 104, the example AP3 106, and the example STA 3 112 are within the example transmission range 103 of the example AP 102)
  • the example AP2 104 sets the first example NAV 704
  • the example API 106 sets the second example NAV 706, and the example STA 112 sets its NAV' 707.
  • the NAV is set to correspond to the end of the data transmission of the example AP I 102, which may be determined by processing the example primary RTS 702. Additionally, when the example STA1 108 senses the primary example RTS 702, the example STA1 108 responds with the example CTS 708. In the example AP network 100 of FIG. 1, because the example STA2 110 is outside of the transmission range 103 of the example API 102 and/or the example STA! 108, the example STA2 110 does not its NAV. Additionally, because the example STA3 1 12 is inside of the transmission range 103 and/or the example STA! 108, the example ST A 112 sets its NAV 707.
  • the example API 102 transmits the example primary data 710 to the example STA1 108.
  • the example AP2 104 and the example AP3 106 contend for the wireless medium for a secondary data transmission (e g. during the primary data transmission).
  • the example AP2 104 wins the contention and transmits the example secondary RTS 712 throughout the example transmission range 105 of the example APs 104.
  • the example STA2 110 e.g., the connected STA
  • the example STA2 110 responds with the example secondary CTS 714.
  • the example AP2 104 transmits the example secondary data 716 to the example STA2 110 (e.g., during the example first data 710).
  • the example AP3 106 attempts to transmit tertiary data transmission to the example ST A3 112.
  • the example APS 106 transmits the third example RTS 715 within the example transmission range 107.
  • the example STA 3 1 12 has set its NAV 707, the example STAS 1 12 does not response with a CTS.
  • the example AP3 106 does not transmit tertiary data to the example STA3 112.
  • the example STA1 108 transmits the example ACK 718.
  • the example STA2 110 transmits the example ACK 718.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Radio architecture 800 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 804, radio IC circuitry 806 and baseband processing circuitry 808.
  • FEM radio front-end module
  • Radio architecture 800 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • BT Bluetooth
  • the FEM circuitry 804 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 804a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 804b.
  • the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 801, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a for further processing.
  • the BT FEM circuitry 804b may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 801, to amplify the received signal s and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 806b for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry ' 804a may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry' configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 806a for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 801
  • FEM circuitry 804b may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 806b for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas.
  • FEM 804a and FEM 804b are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Radio IC circuitry' 806 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a and BT radio IC circuitry 806b.
  • the WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry' to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 804a and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry' 808a.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 806b may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry' to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 804b and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry' 808b.
  • WLAN radio IC circuitry 806a may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry' to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry' 804a for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 801 .
  • BT radio IC circuitry 806b may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry' to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry' 808b and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 804b for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 801.
  • radio IC circuitries 806a and 806b are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry' (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Baseband processing circuity 808 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a and a BT baseband processing circuitry 808b.
  • the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 808a
  • Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 808a and the BT baseband circuitry 808b may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry' 806, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806
  • Each of the baseband processing circuitries 808a and 808b may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry', and may further interface with application processor 810 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 806.
  • WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 813 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 808a and the BT baseband circuitry' 808b to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
  • a switch 803 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry' 804a and the BT FEM circuitry 804b to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
  • antennas 801 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 804a and the BT FEM circuitry 804b, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 804a or 804b.
  • the front-end module circuitry' ⁇ 804, the radio IC circuitry 806, and baseband processing circuitry 808 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 802.
  • the one or more antennas 801, the FEM circuitry 804 and the radio IC circuitry 806 may be provided on a single radio card.
  • the radio IC circuitry' 806 and the baseband processing circuitry 808 may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 812.
  • the wireless radio card 802 may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multi carrier communication channel.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • the OFDM or OFDMA signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
  • radio architecture 800 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
  • STA Wi-Fi communication station
  • AP wireless access point
  • radio architecture 800 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11n-2009,
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Radio architecture 800 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured for high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802 1 lax standard.
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency-division multiplexing
  • the BT baseband circuitry 808b may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 9.0 or Bluetooth 8.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard.
  • BT Bluetooth
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and or a BT low energy (BT LE) link.
  • SCO BT synchronous connection oriented
  • BT LE BT low energy
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT
  • Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 802, although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards.
  • the radio-architecture 800 mav include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 7G communi cati ons) .
  • a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 7G communi cati ons) .
  • the radio architecture 800 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 5MHz, 5 5 MHz, 6 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 40 MHz, 9 GHz, 46 GHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80 MHz (160MHz) (with non-conti guous
  • a 920 MHz channel bandwidth may be used.
  • the scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates FEM circuitry 804 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the FEM circuitry 804 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 8Q4a/804b (FIG. 9), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the FEM circuitry 804 may include a TX/RX switch 902 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry' 804 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEA4 circuitry 804 may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 906 to amplify received RF signals 903 and provide the amplified received RF signals 907 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 806 (FIG.
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the circuitry 804 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 909 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 806), and one or more filters 912, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 915 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 901 (FIG. 9)) via an example duplexer 914.
  • PA power amplifier
  • BPFs band-pass filters
  • LPFs low-pass filters
  • the FEW! circuitry 804 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 9 GHz frequency spectrum.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 804 may include a receive signal path duplexer 904 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 906 for each spectrum as shown.
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 804 may also include a power amplifier 910 and a filter 912, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 904 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 901 (FIG. 9).
  • BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEW! circuitry 804 as the one used for WLAN communications.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates radio IC circuitry 806 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the radio IC circuitry 806 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 806a/806b (FIG. 8), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the radio IC circuitry' 806 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806 may include at least mixer circuitry 1002, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 1006 and filter circuitry 1008.
  • the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 806 may include at least filter circuitry ' 1012 and mixer circuitry 1014, such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry ' .
  • Radio IC circuitry 806 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1004 for synthesizing a frequency 1005 for use by the mixer circuitry 1002 and the mixer circuitry' 1014.
  • the mixer circuitry' 1002 and/or 1014 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
  • the latter type of circuitry presents a much simpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixer circuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may be alleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circui tries may include more than one component.
  • mixer circuitry 1014 may each include one or more mixers
  • filter circuitries 1008 and/or 1012 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
  • mixer circuitry 1002 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 907 received from the FEM circuitry 804 (FIG. 8) based on the synthesized frequency 1005 provided by synthesizer circuitry ' 1004.
  • the amplifier circuitry 1006 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1008 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down -converted signals to generate output baseband signals 1007.
  • Output baseband signals 1007 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 808 (FIG. 8) for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals 1007 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 1002 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 1014 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 101 1 based on the synthesized frequency 1005 provided by the synthesizer circuitry' 1004 to generate RF output signals 909 for the FEM circuitry' 804.
  • the baseband signals 1011 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry' 808 and may be filtered by filter circuitry' 1012.
  • the filter circuitry 1012 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry' 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up- conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 1004.
  • the mixer circuitry' 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry' 1002 and the mixer circuitry' 1014 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry' 1002 and the mixer circuitry 1014 may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
  • Mixer circuitry 1002 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g , for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
  • RF input signal 907 from FIG. 10 may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor
  • Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degree time-varying LG switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO) fro a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 1005 of synthesizer 1004 (FIG. 10).
  • the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency).
  • the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the LG signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between start points of the period).
  • the LO signals may have a 105% duty cycle and a 100% offset.
  • each branch of the mixer circuitry may operate at a 100% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption.
  • the RF input signal 907 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 1006 (FIG. 10) or to filter circuitry 1008 (FIG. 10).
  • the output baseband signals 1007 and the input baseband signals 1011 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals 1007 and the input baseband signals 101 1 may be digital baseband signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1004 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry' 1004 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1004 may include digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuitry.
  • frequency input into synthesizer circuity 1004 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 808 (FIG. 8) or the application processor 810 (FIG. 8) depending on the desired output frequency 1005
  • a divider control input e.g., N
  • the application processor 810 may include, or otherwise be connected to, the example spatial reuse determiner 114b of FIG. 1 and/or 2.
  • synthesizer circuitry 1004 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 1005, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 1005 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g , one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 1005 may be a LG frequency (fLO).
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 808 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 808 is one example of circuitry' that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 808 (FIG. 8), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the baseband processing circuitry' 808 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 1 102 for processing receive baseband signals 1009 provided by the radio IC circuitry' 806 (FIG. 8) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 1 104 for generating transmit baseband signals 101 1 for the radio IC circuitry 806.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 808 may also include control logic 1106 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 808.
  • the baseband processing circuitry' 808 may include ADC 1 110 to convert analog baseband signals 1109 received from the radio IC circuitry 806 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 1102.
  • the baseband processing circuitry' 808 may also include DAC 1112 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 1104 to analog baseband signals 1111.
  • the transmit baseband processor 1104 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • the receive baseband processor 1102 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an ITT.
  • the receive baseband processor 1102 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation or autocorrelation, to detect a long preambl e.
  • the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi
  • the antennas 801 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • Antennas 801 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.
  • radio-architecture 800 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry' for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 1200 capable of executing the instructions of FIG. 3-6 to implement the example spatial reuse determiner 1 14b of FIGS. 1 and/or 2
  • the processor platform 1200 can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPadTM), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, or any other type of computing device.
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example includes a processor 1212.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example is hardware.
  • the processor 1212 can be implemented by integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example includes a local memory 1213 (e.g , a cache).
  • the example processor 1212 of FIG. 12 executes the instructions of FIG. 4-6 to implement the example AP component interface 200, the example data processor 202, the example channel contender 20, and/or the example communication facilitator 206 of FIG. 2 and/or the example application processor 810 of FIG 8.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory 1214 and a non volatile memory 1216 via a bus 1218.
  • the volatile memory 1214 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device.
  • the non-volatile memory 1216 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory 1214, 1216 is controlled by a clock controller.
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 1220.
  • the interface circuit 1220 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface.
  • one or more input devices 1222 are connected to the interface circuit 1220.
  • the input device(s) 1222 permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor 1212.
  • the input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, a sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.
  • One or more output devices 1224 are also connected to the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example.
  • the output devices 1224 can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, and/or speakers).
  • the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor.
  • the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1226 (e.g , an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1226 (e.g , an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 1228 for storing software and/or data.
  • mass storage devices 1228 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives.
  • the coded instructions 1232 of FIGS. 3-6 may be stored in the mass storage device 1228, in the volatile memory 1214, in the non-volatile memory 1216, and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • Example 1 includes a communication facilitator to, in response to sensing a first request to send (RTS) from an access point (AP), set a network allocation vector (NAV), the RTS corresponding to a first data transmission from the AP to a first station (STA).
  • RTS request to send
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • Example 1 further includes an interface to, while the NAV is set, transmit a second RTS to a second STA.
  • Example 1 further includes the communication facilitator to, in response to sensing a second clear to send (CTS) from the second STA, transmit secondary data to the STA during the first data transmission.
  • CTS clear to send
  • Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, further including a channel contender to contend for a wireless medium used by the AP, the interface to transmit the second RTS after the contention for the wireless medium is won.
  • Example 3 includes the subject matter of 1, further including a data processor to determine an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 4 includes the subject matter of 3, wherein the communication facilitator is to transmit the secondary data for a duration of time ending at a point in time corresponding to an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 5 includes the subject matter of 1, wherein the interface is to transmit the second RTS to the second STA when a first CTS is not received from the first STA.
  • Example 6 includes the subject matter of 1, wherein the communication facilitator is to sense the second CTS by detecting a preamble of the second CTS and processing the second CTS.
  • Example 7 includes the subject matter of 1, wherein the communication facilitator is to sense the second CTS based on a change of a signal strength of at least one of the first RTS or the first data transmission from a first and second time.
  • Example 8 includes the subject matter of 7, wherein the communication facilitator determines that the second CTS has been sensed when the change is more than a threshold amount.
  • Example 9 includes the subject matter of 1, wherein the communication facilitator is to sense the second CTS based on at least one of a cross correlation or an auto correlation of a wireless medium.
  • Example 10 is a method to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • Example 10 includes, in response to sensing a first request to send (RTS) from an access point (AP), setting a network allocation vector (NAV), the RTS corresponding to a first data transmission from the AP to a first station (STA); while the NAV is set, transmitting a second RTS to a second STA; and in response to sensing a second clear to send (CTS) from the second STA, transmitting secondary data to the second STA during the first data transmission.
  • RTS request to send
  • AP access point
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • CTS clear to send
  • Example 1 1 includes the subject matter of 10, further including contending for a wireless medium used by the AP, the interface to transmit the second RTS after the contention for the wireless medium is won.
  • Example 12 includes the subject matter of 10, further including determining an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 13 includes the subject matter of 12, further including transmitting the secondary data for a duration of time ending at a point in time corresponding to an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 14 includes the subject matter of 10, further including transmitting the second RTS to the second STA when a first RTS and CTS is not received from the first AP and first STA.
  • Example 15 includes the subject matter of 10, wherein the sensing the second CTS includes detecting a preamble of the second CTS and processing the second CTS.
  • Example 16 includes the subject matter of 10, wherein the sensing of the second CTS is based on a change of a signal strength of at least one of the first RTS or the first data
  • Example 17 includes the subject matter of 16, further including determining that the second CTS has been sensed when the change is more than a threshold amount.
  • Example 18 includes the subject matter of 10, wherein the sensing of the second CTS is based on at least one of a cross correlation or an auto correlation of a wireless medium.
  • Example 19 is a tangible computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least, in response to sensing a first request to send (RTS) from an access point (AP), set a network allocation vector (NAY), the RTS corresponding to a first data transmission from the AP to a first station (ST A); while the NAV is set, transmit a second RTS to a second STA; and in response to sensing a second clear to send (CTS) from the second STA, transmit secondary data to the second STA during the first data transmission.
  • RTS request to send
  • AP access point
  • NAY network allocation vector
  • CTS clear to send
  • Example 20 includes the subject matter of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to contend for a wireless medium used by the AP, the interface to transmit the second RTS after the contention for the wireless medium is won.
  • Example 21 includes the subject matter of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to determine an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 22 includes the subject matter of 21 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to transmit the secondary' data for a duration of time ending at a point in time corresponding to an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 23 includes the subject mater of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to transmit the second RTS to the second STA when a first RTS and CTS is not received from the first AP and the first STA.
  • Example 24 includes the subject matter of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to sense the second CTS by detecting a preamble of the second CTS and processing the second CTS.
  • Example 25 includes the subject matter of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to sense the second CTS based on a change of a signal strength of at least one of the first RTS or the first data transmission from a first and second time.
  • Example 26 includes the subject matter of 25, wherein the instructions cause the machine to determine that the second CTS has been sensed when the change is more than a threshold amount.
  • Example 27 includes the subject matter of 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to sense the second CTS based on at least one of a cross correlation or an auto correlation of a wireless medium.
  • Example 28 is an apparatus to improve network throughput in a wireless communications network.
  • Example 28 includes a first means for, in response to sensing a first request to send (RTS) from an access point (AP), setting a network allocation vector (NAV), the RTS corresponding to a first data transmission from the AP to a first station (STA); second means for, while the NAV is set, transmitting a second RTS to a second STA, and the first means for, in response to sensing a second clear to send (CTS) from the second STA, transmitting secondary data to the second STA during the first data transmission.
  • RTS request to send
  • AP access point
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • CTS clear to send
  • Example 29 includes the subject matter of 28, further including a third means for contending for a wireless medium used by the AP, the second means including means for transmitting the second RTS after the contention for the wireless medium is won.
  • Example 30 includes the subject matter of 28, further including a fourth means for determining an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 31 includes the subject matter of 30, wherein the first means includes means for transmitting the secondary data for a duration of time ending at a point in time corresponding to an end of the first data transmission.
  • Example 32 includes the subject matter of 28, wherein the second means for transmitting the second RTS to the second STA when a first CTS is not received from the first STA.
  • Example 33 includes the subject matter of 28, wherein the first means includes means for sensing the second CTS by detecting a preamble of the second CTS and processing the second CTS.
  • Example 34 includes the subject matter of 28, wherein the first means includes means for sensing the second CTS based on a change of a signal strength of at least one of the first RTS or the first data transmi ssion from a first and second time.
  • Example 35 includes the subject matter of 35, wherein the first means include means for determining that the second CTS has been sensed when the change is more than a threshold amount.
  • Example 36 includes the subject matter of 28, wherein the first means includes means for sensing the second CTS based on at least one of a cross correlation or an auto correlation of a wireless medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et un appareil pour pour améliorer le débit de réseau dans un réseau de communication sans fil. Un appareil donné à titre d'exemple comprend un facilitateur de communication pour, en réponse à la détection d'une première demande d'envoi (RTS) à partir d'un point d'accès (AP), régler un vecteur d'attribution de réseau (NAV), la RTS correspondant à une première transmission de données de l'AP À une première station (STA); une interface pour, pendant que le NAV est réglé, transmettre une seconde RTS à une seconde STA; et le facilitateur de communication à, en réponse à la détection d'un second prêt à envoyer (CTS) à partir de la seconde STA, transmettre des données secondaires à la STA pendant la première transmission de données.
PCT/US2017/065135 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Procédés et appareil pour améliorer le débit de réseau dans un réseau de communications sans fil WO2019112593A1 (fr)

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DE112017008258.7T DE112017008258T5 (de) 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbesserung des netzwerkdurchsatzes in einem drahtlosen kommunikationsnetz
PCT/US2017/065135 WO2019112593A1 (fr) 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Procédés et appareil pour améliorer le débit de réseau dans un réseau de communications sans fil

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Citations (5)

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US20150201434A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Zte Corporation Contention arbitration using code division multiplexing
US20150282186A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Solomon B. Trainin Methods and arrangements for time-sharing in a dense environment
US20160150550A1 (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Data communication method in overlapping basic service set (obss) environment
US20160309515A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2016-10-20 Intel Corporation Parallel wireless communication apparatus, method, and system
US20170163322A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-06-08 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Access method and device

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US20160309515A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2016-10-20 Intel Corporation Parallel wireless communication apparatus, method, and system
US20150201434A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Zte Corporation Contention arbitration using code division multiplexing
US20150282186A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Solomon B. Trainin Methods and arrangements for time-sharing in a dense environment
US20170163322A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-06-08 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Access method and device
US20160150550A1 (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Data communication method in overlapping basic service set (obss) environment

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