WO2019112015A1

WO2019112015A1 - Light concentrating unit, light concentrating device, and illumination device

Info

Publication number: WO2019112015A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/044969
Authority: WO
Inventors: 浩光手島
Original assignee: 有限会社手島通商
Priority date: 2017-12-06
Filing date: 2018-12-06
Publication date: 2019-06-13
Also published as: JP6829494B2; JPWO2019112015A1

Abstract

Provided are: a light concentrating unit that is capable of efficiently concentrating a large amount of sunlight; a light concentrating device that comprises said light concentrating unit; and an illumination device that is combined with said light concentrating device and radiates concentrated sunlight. This light concentrating unit comprises a plurality of lenses, namely, a main lens (11) that is a centrally disposed convex lens having a circular shape in a plan view, and an auxiliary lens (12) that is a convex lens having a non-circular shape in a plan view and disposed around the main lens. Sunlight incident to the incident surfaces of the lenses (11, 12) is converged upon a focal point (F) of the main lens.

Description

Light collecting unit, light collecting device and irradiation device

The present invention relates to a light collecting unit capable of collecting more sunlight at one point, a light collecting device using the light collecting unit, and an irradiation device using the light collecting unit or the light collecting device. .

In recent years, the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which occurred in March 2011, in particular, has made it a social imperative to develop a baseload power source to replace nuclear power generation, making clean energy generation its alternative There is a lot of debate about things, and in particular, because it is desirable to use safe and inexpensive energy, effective use of solar light, which is one of natural energy, is promoted.

And as a method of condensing sunlight and using the energy of sunlight directly for power generation, there is solar power generation using a solar cell, but this method has a low power generation efficiency per installation area, and an installation azimuth angle And the elevation angle is fixed and constant, so it is greatly affected by fluctuations of the sun's azimuth angle and incident angle due to sunshine hours and seasons, and the amount of collected light increases or decreases significantly to obtain a sufficient amount of power generation sufficient for the base load power supply. It is difficult.

Therefore, it is conceivable to obtain high energy using a condenser lens as one of the means for effectively utilizing the energy of sunlight, and in that case, it is preferable to use a large aperture lens to obtain high energy, Large-aperture lenses are not easy to manufacture and transport, and they also have problems such as the increase in weight and the need for strength of the device itself.

As one of means for solving such problems, for example, means for obtaining the same light concentration as a large diameter lens by arranging a plurality of lenses in parallel in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-199061 (Patent Document 1) Is presented.

As shown in FIG. 18, this focusing unit uses a means such as a main lens 11A consisting of a normal biconvex lens having a circular plan view at the center and a circular shape in a plan view and a special shape of the lens surface around it. A focusing unit 1A is presented, in which the focal point of the auxiliary lens 12A, which is made to be bent and focused, matches the focal point of the main lens 11A.

However, when the conventional condensing unit 1A presented in this publication is adjacent to each other since the main lens 11A and the auxiliary lenses 12A juxtaposed around it are both lenses in plan view, the gaps in the unit irradiation area are adjacent to each other Ratio is larger than that of the large diameter lens, and the light collection efficiency is not good.

Furthermore, since it is necessary to make the focal point of the auxiliary lens 12A planarly disposed around the periphery coincide with the focal point of the main lens 11A disposed at the center, the auxiliary lens 12A must be a lens of a special shape. , Not easy to manufacture.

Further, the conventional light collecting unit 1A presented in this publication also has a problem that it can not cope with the increase or decrease of the light collection amount due to the change of the position of the sun according to the season or time.

In this regard, for example, by disposing a plurality of lenses on a dome-shaped hemispherical structure in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-123779 (Patent Document 2), Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-58601 (Patent Document 3), etc. It is shown to provide a light collecting device which responds to fluctuations in azimuth and incident angle and raises the amount of light collected.

However, although the light collecting apparatus presented in these publications can cope with changes in the azimuth angle and the incident angle of the sun in season and date and time, as shown in FIG. Since they are arranged in a combined dome shape, the area of the space other than the lens on the light collecting device is increased, and the area per unit area is the same as the invention of the above-mentioned Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 61-199061 (Patent Document 1). There is a problem that the light collection efficiency decreases.

Furthermore, an apparatus for transmitting and irradiating sunlight for utilizing, for example, sunlight collected by a light collecting unit or a light collecting device in which a plurality of lenses are combined is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-68904 (Patent Document 4) No. 2000-321525 (patent document 5) and the like.

However, the conventional irradiation device presented in the above-mentioned publication transmits and irradiates the sunlight collected by the light collecting unit or the light collecting device through the optical fiber 14A as shown in FIG. It has the advantage of being able to cope with changes in sunshine duration and changes in the angle of incidence of sunlight, as well as increasing the collection efficiency with the optical fiber with a wide acceptance angle, but for transmission optical fiber it is a transmission loss In order to increase the amount of light collection, it is necessary to enlarge the lenses that make up the device and to increase the number of optical fibers to be used. There is also a problem that you can not

Furthermore, when the purpose of light collection is to illuminate the interior of a building, etc., and an optical fiber is used, the temperature is suitable for heat collection up to a certain level, and the temperature exceeds the heat resistance limit. The heat energy is limited to small ones, for example, when it becomes necessary to cool.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-199061 JP, 2009-123779, A Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 3-58601 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-68904 JP 2000-321525 A

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-described conventional light collecting unit, light collecting device and irradiation device to make sunlight sufficient energy for a base load power source, and a lens with a large diameter is used. A condensing unit which makes it possible to obtain almost the same amount of concentration without using it, and further, using the above-mentioned efficient condensing unit, latitude and longitude, sunshine time and sun azimuth angle which change according to weather and season A condensing device that maximizes the concentration of sunlight in a limited sunshine time on the ground by coping with a decrease in the concentration of sunlight due to the elevation angle, and further, the light collecting unit or the light collecting unit It is an object of the present invention to provide an irradiation device for efficiently using the sunlight collected by the device.

The condensing unit according to the present invention made to solve the above problems is a main lens which is a convex lens of a plan view circular shape disposed at the center and a convex lens of which one or more pieces are arranged around the main lens. It is characterized in that it comprises a certain auxiliary lens, and converges the sunlight incident on the incident surface of each lens to the focal point of the main lens.

Further, in the condensing unit according to the present invention, the auxiliary lens has a donut shape whose inner peripheral diameter is substantially the same as the diameter of the main lens in plan view and whose outer peripheral diameter is larger than the diameter of the main lens It is characterized in that it is vertically cut at a point.

Furthermore, the auxiliary lens has a donut shape whose inner peripheral diameter is substantially the same as the diameter of the main lens in plan view and whose outer peripheral diameter is larger than the diameter of the main lens, and is cut vertically at a plurality of locations A first auxiliary lens and a donut shape which is sequentially disposed outward from the first auxiliary lens and whose inner periphery is substantially the same as the outer periphery of the auxiliary lens located inside, and in a plurality of places in the vertical direction By using the second and subsequent auxiliary lenses that have been cut, it is possible to easily form a lens with a large aperture, and it is possible to cite an extremely large light collection effect.

In addition, when the main lens and the auxiliary lens are arranged on the same line in side view, there is no distance in the vertical direction, and the thickness limit to the focal length of the large aperture lens in the small installation space is small. It is possible to raise the light collection effect further beyond.

In addition, since the main lens is at the lowest position in the side view and the auxiliary lenses are disposed at the positions that are sequentially upward toward the outer side, adjustment for matching the focal points of the respective lenses becomes easy, and It is possible to prevent the upper lens from interfering with the lower lens.

Further, in the light collecting unit of the present invention, the auxiliary lens is a convex lens having a semicircular shape in plan view, and when the chord portion is disposed on the main lens side, the auxiliary lens is provided around the main lens. It is possible to arrange a small gap and a small inclination, increase the lens area that can collect light with respect to incident light, increase the light collection efficiency per unit area, and make the entire light collection unit smaller While it is possible to increase the amount of light collection.

In particular, in the condenser according to the present invention, when the refractive index of the main lens and that of the auxiliary lens are different, it is easy to adjust the focal positions of the two to match and converge the sunlight. The size of the entire light collecting unit can be freely set.

Furthermore, when the main lens and the auxiliary lens are biconvex lenses and are formed so that the refractive index on the incident side of each lens and the refractive index on the output side are different, a lens having the same size and diameter in plan view Even in this case, the focal length can be changed variously, and the size of the light collecting unit can be adjusted without changing the amount of light collection.

Furthermore, when the four auxiliary lenses are arranged at equal intervals around the main lens, the lenses can be arranged extremely efficiently per unit area, and the amount of collected light can be obtained efficiently.

Further, by arranging the condensing unit according to the present invention movably on the hemispherical surface so that the optical axis of the main lens always faces the sun, efficient condensing according to the position of the sun is possible. Or, by using a plurality of light collecting units according to the invention arranged in a hemispherical shape, the light collecting amount can be increased, and there is no need to track the sun, and further, in the direction of the sun Since sunlight can be condensed also in the condensing unit in which the optical axes of the main lenses do not coincide, weak light can be sufficiently condensed.

Furthermore, it comprises a light collecting unit or a light collecting device, and a tubular light collector having a heat insulating material between the outer wall and the inner wall which is a mirror surface, and an entrance where one open end of the light collector coincides with the focal point. And the other opening end of the light collector is formed by an irradiation port formed of an irradiation port for irradiating the condensed light introduced from the incident port, thereby losing the concentrated strong solar energy Without, it can be irradiated in the desired direction.

In addition, it comprises a light collecting unit or a light collecting device, and a tubular light collecting body having a heat insulating material between the outer wall and the inner wall which is a mirror surface, and one open end of the light collecting body diffuses after the focal point It was condensed by being an irradiation port which is an incident port for introducing traveling light and is formed from an irradiation port for irradiating the other open end of the light collector introduced from the entrance port and collected light. The diffused sunlight after the focal point of sunlight is to be used at different positions in different light intensities, for example, for various ecology such as organisms, microbes, pathogens, bacteria, cells and viruses as irradiation objects. Irradiation makes it possible to use the results widely for research and research.

Furthermore, it has a turning device for changing the direction of the irradiation port by 360 degrees, and the turning device has a disk shape in plan view in which the central portions of the bottom and top surfaces are open. A case body supported by a plurality of spring members disposed with their central axes aligned and the upper portion of the light collector disposed between the upper outer peripheral surface and the upper surface opening inner peripheral surface; and a main body of the case body By providing an annular rail formed on the circumferential surface, a traveling body traveling on the rail, and an expandable member connecting the traveling body and the light collector, irradiation in a desired direction is facilitated. It is possible to turn the mouth.

According to the condensing unit of the present invention, it is almost the case that sunlight is condensed using a large aperture lens without using a large aperture lens which is difficult to manufacture and transport and expensive as well as difficult to install. The same or more light collecting effect can be exhibited, and the manufacture can also be provided easily and inexpensively. Further, the light collecting apparatus according to the present invention uses the light collecting unit with high efficiency, and the amount of collected sunlight due to the sunshine time and the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun changing according to the latitude and longitude, the weather and the season. Corresponding to the reduction of the light intensity, it is possible to maximize the concentration of sunlight within limited sunshine hours on the ground, and the irradiation device of the present invention is characterized in that the light collection unit or the light collection device By eliminating the loss of the energy of the sunlight collected by the transmission and efficiently transmitting it, it is possible to converge the sunlight and irradiate it to one point, and on the ground, the utilization of the sunlight and its thermal energy is the most efficient in a limited sunshine time. If it can be further applied, in space, realization of a powerful solar heat focusing irradiation device is also possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The outline of the preferable embodiment of the condensing unit which is this invention is shown, (a) is a planar view schematic, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing in alignment with XX in (a), (c) is Explanatory drawing of a manufacturing process. The top view schematic of the embodiment which concerns on the improvement of the embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2; FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment according to a further improvement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; The plane view schematic which shows the different embodiment of the condensing unit which is this invention. The further another embodiment of the condensing unit which is this invention is shown, (a) and (b) are planar view schematic, (c) is side view schematic sectional drawing. (A) is a schematic view of the case where the condenser unit 1 is disposed at the smallest one of the squares capable of containing the condenser unit 1, (b) is a schematic view of the case where two circular lenses are disposed in the square . FIG. 6A is a schematic view showing the difference in optical path due to the difference in the auxiliary lens in the present invention, wherein FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of the optical path until the incident light converges to the focal point when the auxiliary lens 13 of a semicircular plan view is a symmetrical biconvex lens; (B) is an optical path until the incident light converges to the focal point in the case where the refractive index at the incident side is smaller than the refractive index at the output side when the auxiliary lens 13 in plan view semicircular is asymmetric biconvex lens and in the case of the symmetric biconvex lens. (C) is a semi-circular auxiliary lens 13 in plan view is an asymmetrical biconvex lens, and the incident light in the case of a symmetrical biconvex lens is focused when the refractive index on the incident side is larger than the refractive index on the outgoing side The optical path schematic which shows the difference of the optical path until it converges to f and f '. In the present invention, when the main lens 11 is an asymmetrical biconvex lens, it is a schematic view showing the difference of the optical path due to the difference of the auxiliary lens. (A) is a biconvex lens having a semicircular plan view and the auxiliary lens 13 in plan view. Optical path schematic diagram showing the difference in the optical path until the incident light converges to the focal point in the case of a symmetrical biconvex lens, (b) is an asymmetrical biconvex lens with a semicircular auxiliary lens 13 in plan view and a main lens 11 is an asymmetrical biconvex lens The optical path schematic which shows the optical path until the incident light in case of converges on a focus. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which four auxiliary lenses 13 in plan view are arranged at equal intervals around the main lens 11, and FIG. FIG. 6B is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the auxiliary lens 13, and FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing how the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular plan view are connected using the main lens connecting holder 46. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a light collecting device 2 having only one light collecting unit 1 according to the present invention, in which the auxiliary lens is an auxiliary lens 13 with a semicircular shape in plan view. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a light collecting device 3 according to the present invention including a plurality of light collecting units 1 whose auxiliary lenses are semicircular in plan view. It is the schematic which shows the preferable embodiment of the irradiation apparatus 4 of this invention, (a) is the plane view schematic of the condensing unit 1 combined with the irradiation apparatus 4, (b) is the side view schematic sectional drawing of the irradiation apparatus 4. . Schematic which shows another embodiment of the irradiation apparatus 6 of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the further another embodiment of the irradiation apparatus 7 of this invention, (a) is a planar view schematic, (b) is a side view schematic sectional drawing. It is the plane view schematic diagram which combined the main lens 11 and four circular lenses with the same radius R1 in plan view, (a) is the plane view schematic of the light collecting unit, (b) is the side of the light collecting unit Visual schematic sectional drawing. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline in the prior art example of a condensing unit, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. The perspective view which shows the conventional example of a condensing device. Explanatory drawing which shows the prior art example of irradiation apparatus.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the light collecting unit 1 according to the present invention, and the light collecting unit 1 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), a centrally disposed flat surface. The main lens 11 is a convex lens having a circular view, and the four auxiliary lenses 12 having the same shape and a non-circular convex lens having an arc shape in plan view disposed around the main lens 11. Incident surfaces of the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 12 The sunlight incident on the light is made to converge on the focal point F of the main lens 11.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1A, for example, the radius R2 of the inner circumferential diameter 121 of each of the auxiliary lenses 12 is substantially equal to the radius R1 in plan view of the main lens 11, and the radius R3 of the outer circumferential diameter 122 is A plan view is formed by cutting a donut-shaped lens in a plan view larger than the radius R1 of the main lens 11 into four equally spaced planar straight lines passing through the center C and intersecting each other at an angle of 90 degrees. A donut shape which is manufactured as an arc-shaped non-circular shape in a plan view and before being cut in a plan view substantially in combination with the outer periphery of the main lens 11 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) And the focal length f of the main lens 11 and the focal length f 'of the auxiliary lens are made to coincide with the same focal point F (see FIG. 1 (c)).

In this embodiment, the light collecting amount and the light collecting efficiency substantially equal to those of the large lens of radius R3 are easier to manufacture and smaller in radius compared to the large lens which is difficult to manufacture, and the planar view donut It can be realized by combining four auxiliary lenses 12 having a plan view arc shape which is substantially equivalent to a shape obtained by dividing a shape lens into four straight lines in a radial straight line passing through the center of the donut shape lens.

Further, the light collecting unit 1 shown in the present embodiment is configured as shown in FIG. 1 (b) by making the refractive index of the main lens 11 arranged at the center larger than that of the flat-view donut-shaped auxiliary lens 12 arranged at the periphery. The focal length f of the main lens 11 is shorter than the focal length f ′ of the toroidal auxiliary lens 12 in plan view, as shown in FIG.

Therefore, when the focal point F is matched, the main lens 11 can be positioned below the auxiliary lens 12, and an arc-shaped auxiliary lens in which light incident on the main lens 11 is arranged in a substantially donut shape in plan view. The amount of light collected by the main lens 11 and the planar-view donut-shaped auxiliary lens 12 that can be collected at the focal point F can be maximized without affecting the light incident on 12.

Furthermore, the arc-shaped auxiliary lenses 12 juxtaposed in a planar view toroidal shape are asymmetric biconvex lenses, and the auxiliary lens 12 having an arc-like plan view by making the refractive index on the incident side smaller than the refractive index on the output side. The focal length f 'of the lens unit 1 can be extended, and the focal point F of the entire light collecting unit 1 can be adjusted to extend forward.

Furthermore, similarly, even when the main lens 11 is an asymmetrical biconvex lens and the refractive index on the incident side is smaller than the refractive index on the emission side, the focal length f 'of the auxiliary lens 12 having an arc-shaped plan view is further extended. Thus, the focal point F of the entire light collecting unit 1 can be adjusted to be longer.

Although the present embodiment is formed by four auxiliary lenses 12 having the same shape, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, eight auxiliary lenses 12 may be formed. There is no limitation on the number of components. However, it is possible to mass-produce the auxiliary lens 12 by using the auxiliary lens 12 having the same shape at least equally divided, and it is possible to improve the productivity. Of course, in the case of four or eight lenses, there is an advantage that the design is easy and the arrangement is easy, but it is not limited to this, and it is a single flat-view donut-shaped lens May be

FIGS. 3 to 4 show an embodiment according to the improvement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and in particular, the first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a, The second auxiliary lens 12b,... 12b, and the third auxiliary lens 12c,. The second auxiliary lens 12b... 12b, the third auxiliary lens 12c... 12c and the main lens 11 are arranged on the same line in a side view.

Further, in the present embodiment, the refractive index of the first

auxiliary lens

12a, 12a, the second auxiliary lens 12b,... 12b, and the third auxiliary lens 12c,. The first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a are enlarged in order from the first

auxiliary lens

12a, 12a, 12a, 12b,... 12b, and the third auxiliary lens 12c,. · · By aligning the focal point of 12c with the focal point F of the main lens, it is possible to easily form a large aperture lens with a large light-gathering effect that is difficult to realize due to limitations in size and thickness as well as manufacturing difficulties. A condensing effect can be mentioned, and in this case, since all the lenses can be arranged on the same line in the side view direction, the installation space of the entire condensing unit 1 can also be reduced.The first

auxiliary lens

12a, 12a, the second auxiliary lens 12b,... 12b, and the third auxiliary lens 12c,. The focal point F of the main lens 11 may be matched by arranging the lens 11 at a predetermined inclination angle (not shown).

FIGS. 5 to 6 relate to an embodiment according to a further improvement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a, and the second one are arranged in a donut shape in plan view. auxiliary lens 12b · · · · · · 12b, a third auxiliary lens 12c · · · · · · 12c are point and small are arranged to overlap in a plurality in a plan view a first auxiliary lens 12a · · 12a, second auxiliary lens 12b · · · · · · 12b, the points having the same light condensing effect and a large-diameter lens with a third auxiliary lens 12c · · · · · · 12c is FIG 3 to 4 In common with the embodiment described in the present embodiment, this embodiment includes a plurality of first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a, and a second auxiliary lens 12b,. Third auxiliary lens 12c ... 1 c that are arranged sequentially at a predetermined distance to its upper position the main lens 11 as the least significant is different.

In this embodiment, the first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a, the second auxiliary lenses 12b, ... 12b, and the third auxiliary lenses 12c, ... 12c have the same refractive index. Even if they are used, since their focal points can be made to coincide with the focal point F of the main lens 11, a collection equivalent to a similar large aperture lens more easily and inexpensively as compared with the embodiment described in FIGS. It has the advantage that the light unit 1 can be manufactured.

The main lens 11, the first

auxiliary lenses

12a, 12a, the second auxiliary lenses 12b,... 12b, and the third auxiliary lenses 12c,. Since the distance is a distance, it is possible to prevent the upper lens from interfering with the lower lens. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the first

auxiliary lens

12a, 12a, the second auxiliary lens 12b,... 12b, the third auxiliary lens 12c,. However, the auxiliary lenses are not limited to this, as long as a plurality of auxiliary lenses arranged in a plurality of planar views in a donut shape overlap each other in plan view.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the light collecting unit 1 according to the present invention. The light collecting unit 1 has the center R1 disposed at the center and the main lens 11 around the main lens 11 circular in plan view. The auxiliary lens 13 with a radius of the same diameter as the lens is R4 and the chord side 131 of the semicircle in plan view is thickest, and the chord side 131 of the semicircle in plan view faces the main lens 11 side 180 Two or four sheets are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees. Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, the auxiliary lens 13 is arranged to be inclined at an inclination angle α with respect to the main lens 11 supported horizontally in a side view.

By the way, for example, when the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 are configured by a symmetrical biconvex lens, the focal distances become equal when the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular shape in plan view have the same refractive index. In some cases, the focal point of the light collecting unit 1 can not be made to coincide even if the auxiliary lens 13 in a plan view semicircular shape is inclined.

Therefore, by making the refractive index of the auxiliary lens 13 smaller than the refractive index of the main lens 11, the focal length f 'of the auxiliary lens 13 is extended, and the main lens 11 is semicircular in plan view by tilting at an inclination angle α. The focus of the auxiliary lens 13 can be matched. The focal length f 'of the auxiliary lens 13 is expressed by the following equation (1).

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the smallest one of the squares that can be occupied by one light collecting unit 1 is the same as the light collecting unit 1 With the above configuration, the auxiliary lens 13 in plan view and semicircular in plan view has the same radius R1 as the main lens 11 and can have only one or at most two lenses in plan view that are circular (see FIG. 8B).

On the other hand, when the number of lenses in the square in FIG. 8A is summed, the number of light collecting units 1 is three in terms of a circular lens in plan view.

Then, the number of lenses capable of occupying a certain area is larger, and the light collection rate is higher, than in the case where the light collecting unit 1 combines a circular lens in plan view.

Therefore, even if the incident light blocked by the incident light blocking surface P is subtracted, the light collecting unit 1 can greatly improve the light collection rate per unit area as compared with the light collecting unit combining a plan view circular lens. It is.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the light collecting unit 1 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular shape in plan view is an asymmetric biconvex lens, and the refractive index on the incident side is on the output side. The radius of curvature on the incident side is larger than the radius of curvature on the output side so as to be smaller than the refractive index of.

In addition, the number of auxiliary lenses 13 having a semicircular plan view is two or four, the radius R4 of the auxiliary lenses 13 is equal to the radius R1 of the main lens 11, and the entire shape is a plano semicircle The viewing area is half of that of the main lens 11.

Further, the refractive index of the entrance surface and the exit surface of the auxiliary lens 13 is such that the focal distance f ′ ′ of the auxiliary lens 13 is a value represented by the equation 1, and the focal points of the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 are matched. In order to increase the lens area capable of collecting light as compared with the lens area capable of collecting light when the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular shape in plan view is formed into one circular lens with the same radius R1 as the main lens, FIG. The inclination angle α with respect to the boundary surface between the entrance surface and the exit surface of the main lens 11 of the auxiliary lens 13 in a plan view semicircle shown in b) is sufficiently larger than the inclination angle β of the circular lens (see FIG. 15B) It is decided to be smaller.

To explain further, as shown in FIG. 9 (b), the convex lens on the incident side is enlarged for the radius of curvature of the auxiliary lens 13 in a plan view semicircular shape, which is the asymmetrical biconvex lens, as compared with the output side convex lens. The focal length f 'can be made longer and the inclination angle α can be made smaller as compared with the case of a semi-circular auxiliary lens 13 in plan view as shown in FIG. As a result, the lens area capable of collecting light can be further increased, and the above-described improvement of the light collecting efficiency per unit area can maximize the amount of light collected as the light collecting unit.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9C, the curvature radius of the incident side is such that the refractive index on the incident side is larger than the refractive index on the outgoing side, and the auxiliary lens 13 in plan view semicircular is an asymmetric biconvex lens. If it is smaller than the radius of curvature, the focal length f ′ ′ will be shorter than the symmetrical biconvex lens.

By the above, while making the focal point F of the surrounding plan view semicircular auxiliary lens 13 coincident with the focal point of the main lens 11 disposed at the center, the loss due to inclination of the plan view semicircular auxiliary lens 13 is suppressed. The amount of light is 80% or more of the total condensed amount of the auxiliary lens 13 in plan view semi-circle, the condensed amount is 40% or more in terms of circular lens and four auxiliary lenses 13 in plan view semi-circle are 160 in total Since the total amount of collected light is 260% or more in the entire light collecting unit 1, the light collecting unit 1 can realize the same amount of light collected as a large lens which is difficult to manufacture.

The auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular plan view may be a plano-convex lens in which the focal length of the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular plan view is f ′ ′ so that the focal point coincides with the focal point of the main lens 11. It may be a symmetrical biconvex lens in which the refractive index is made smaller by making the curvature on the emission side larger than that of the main lens 11, and the focal length f 'is extended.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment in the case where the main lens 11 disposed at the center of the light collecting unit 1 of the present invention is an asymmetric biconvex lens and the refractive index on the incident side is smaller than the refractive index on the outgoing side. is there.

In this case, two or four auxiliary lenses 13 in plan view are semicircular, and the radius is equal to that of the main lens 11 in the same manner as described above, and the entire shape is plano semicircular in plan view area 1/2 of the main lens 11. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10 (b), it is an asymmetric biconvex lens.

The main lens 11 disposed at the center may be a symmetrical biconvex lens having the same refractive index on the incident side and the outgoing side, or an asymmetric biconvex lens having a refractive index on the incident side smaller than the refractive index on the emission side. The semicircular auxiliary lens 13 may be a symmetric biconvex lens having equal refractive indices on both sides as shown in FIG. 10A, or may be a planoconvex lens.

Further explaining, the focal length f of the main lens 11 can be adjusted by making the main lens 11 disposed at the center as an asymmetric biconvex lens, a symmetrical biconvex lens, or a planoconvex lens, and the size of the condensing unit It can be adjusted according to the case where it is desired to make the focal length f longer or shorter in order to determine.

When the main lens 11 disposed at the center is an asymmetric biconvex lens as shown in FIG. 10B, the focal length f can be made longer than in the case of a symmetric biconvex lens and can be made shorter than in the case of a planoconvex lens. .

In addition, by making the planar view semicircular auxiliary lens 13 as an asymmetrical biconvex lens, it is possible to increase the amount of light collection while reducing the inclination angle α of the planar view semicircular auxiliary lens 13.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment in the case of arranging four auxiliary lenses 13 in plan view in the center around the main lens 11 disposed in the center, and four auxiliary lenses 13 in plan view with a semicircular shape. In the arrangement position of the auxiliary lens, straight lines on the same plane as the boundary surface having the intersections of the optical axis of the main lens 11 arranged at the center and the boundary surfaces on the incident side and the output side with each other are the auxiliary lens The chords of the 13 plan view semicircles are vertically bisected, and the four plan view semicircle auxiliary lenses 13 are arranged side by side at equal intervals.

To explain further, the four plan view semicircular auxiliary lenses 13 are directed toward the main lens 11 with the plan view side disposed at the center, and the focal point of the plan view semicircular auxiliary lens 13 is set to the main lens 11. It is inclined at the inclination angle α as described above to coincide with the focal point.

Here, the main lens 11 is connected by mounting the main lens connecting holder 46 having the function of adjusting the distance between the two lenses and the angle of the auxiliary lens 13 of a plan view semicircular shape in the four corners of the periphery. It is assumed to be 1.

In each embodiment of the light collecting unit 1 described in FIGS. 1 to 11, the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 12 or the auxiliary lens 13 are a frame (not shown) for fixing each lens, a support (not shown) It is conceivable to adjust the focal length variously as long as the light path does not interfere with the light path.

FIG. 12 shows a preferred embodiment of the light collecting device 2 according to the present invention. For example, the light collecting unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. As it is arranged to move on the hemispherical surface that is maximized, the amount of incident sunlight can be maximized. The means for moving the hemispherical surface of the light collecting unit 1 uses a known means.

Further, FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the light collecting apparatus 3 according to the present invention. For example, the light collecting unit 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 11 has a plurality of light collecting units 1 according to the present invention, It is a schematic diagram showing a desirable embodiment of condensing device 3 at the time of arranging hemispherically focusing on focal point position 31 of condensing device 3, the number of condensing units 1 to arrange is the target sunlight It is determined according to the size of the light collecting device 3 with respect to the amount of light collected.

Further, to explain, the sizes of the main lens 11 and the flat-view donut-shaped auxiliary lens 12 and the cross-sectional shape of the lens are determined so that the light collection efficiency is maximized with respect to the target light collection amount. Alternatively, the sizes of the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 in a plan view semicircle and the sectional shape of the lens in a side view are determined, and the light collecting unit 1 is made the maximum light collecting amount from the lens size determined as the target light collecting amount. Determine the number of

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of the irradiation device 4 according to the present invention. The irradiation device 4 has a tubular shape having the light collecting unit 1 and a mirror inner wall 44 with little loss of light to be collected. The light collector 41 is an entrance 42 whose one open end coincides with the focal point of the light collection unit 1, and the other open end of the light collector 41 is the light incident side. The inner wall 44 is surrounded by a heat insulating material 45, and an outer wall 46 is formed on the outer periphery of the heat insulating material 45. ing.

In the present embodiment, four auxiliary lenses 13 having a semicircular shape in plan view are used as the auxiliary lenses, but a toroidal auxiliary lens 12 in a planar view may be used, and the number of lenses is not limited to this.

More specifically, when it is desired to increase the irradiation amount of sunlight, the light collecting unit 1 enlarges the radii of the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 having a semicircular shape in plan view, according to the target irradiation light amount or irradiation heat amount. Then, the size, the sectional shape in a side view and the refractive index of all the constituent lenses are determined.

Further, the light collecting unit 1 is a main lens supporting column 53 capable of adjusting the distance and angle with the auxiliary lens 13 of a plan view semi circular provided on four sides of the main lens 11 of the light collecting unit 1 and a plan view semi circular. An auxiliary lens support 54 having a function of adjusting a distance to the irradiation device 4 provided on the side of the arc 132 of the auxiliary lens 13 in a plan view semicircle is connected to be supported by being connected.

And, as described above, the irradiation device 4 according to the present invention makes the optical axis of the main lens 11 coincide with the entrance 42 of the condenser 41 at the entrance 42 of the condenser 41. The main lens connecting holder 51 erected at the opening end on the entrance 42 side of the light collector 4 is held by the main lens connecting holder 51, and the auxiliary lens 13 focuses on the entrance 42 of the light collector 41. In the case of being held by the auxiliary lens connecting holder 52 erected on the auxiliary lens support 54 at the opening end so as to coincide with each other, the main lens 11 and the auxiliary lens 13 of the light collecting unit or light collecting device The irradiation device 4 can be implemented easily and reliably and easily.

Here, the inner wall 44 is a reflective wall having a mirror inner wall 44 with little loss of light that reflects the introduced sunlight, and since the periphery is surrounded by the heat insulating material 45, the collected sunlight is It is also possible to irradiate the heat energy of the solar cell without releasing it to the outside, or to collect and irradiate a large heat energy, and to transmit the heat energy of the condensed sunlight without loss.

Note that instead of the light collecting unit 1, the light collecting device 2 or the light collecting device 3 may be used, and in this case, the light collector 41 is placed at the focal position 21 of the light collecting device 2 or the focal position 31 of the light collecting device 3. By setting the irradiation device 4 so that the entrance 42 of the light source 42 comes, it is possible to obtain a larger amount of collected heat.

Further, in the above-mentioned irradiation device 4, the tubular light collecting body 41 may be a circular pipe or a rectangular pipe, and may be a linear shape, but an L-shaped opening of the irradiation port 43 by providing a reflection mirror at an intermediate bent portion. The incident light may be reflected in a direction, may be flexible, may be freely bent, and may be irradiated with sunlight collected by directing the irradiation port 43 in any direction.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the irradiation device 6 according to the present invention, and the entire configuration of the irradiation device 6 is the same as that of the irradiation device 4 shown in FIG. However, the difference is that the entrance is not at the focal point of the light collecting unit but at a position for introducing diffused light after the focal point.

That is, the irradiation device 6 is used by installing a plurality of light collectors 61 at different positions from the focal point F, and the diffused light of the sunlight F collected after the focal point F by the light collection unit 1 is It is used at different locations at multiple locations.

According to the irradiation device 6 of the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively use the sunlight to irradiate the object according to the characteristics of different light intensity, and, for example, a living object, a microorganism, a pathogen, and a bacteria as the irradiation object -Irradiating cells, viruses, etc. to various ecology, the results can be widely used for research and research.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the irradiation device 7 according to the present invention, and the irradiation device 7 has the light collecting unit 1 and a mirror inner wall 74 with little loss of light to be collected. The light collector 71 is a light entrance 71 whose one open end coincides with the focal point of the light collection unit 1 and the other open end of the light collector 71 is the light entrance. The irradiation port 73 is an irradiation port 73 for irradiating the light introduced into the light collector 71 through the entrance port 72 and condensed, the inner wall 74 is surrounded by the heat insulating material 75, and an outer wall 76 is formed on the outer periphery of the heat insulating material 75. It is done.

The connection between the light collecting unit 1 for collecting sunlight, the light collecting device 2 or the light collecting device 3 and the irradiation device 7 is connected so as to be supported by the connection support 77.

The irradiation device 7 differs from the irradiation device 4 shown in FIG. 14 or the irradiation device 6 shown in FIG. 15 in that the irradiation device 7 has a turning device 8 for adjusting the direction of the irradiation port 73.

Describing in detail, the turning device 8 has a disk shape in plan view and is in the shape of a bottom opening in which the central portion of the upper surface 811 is open, and arranges the light collectors 71 at the centers with their central axes aligned. The case body 81 is supported by a plurality of spring members 82 disposed between the upper outer peripheral surface 711 and the upper surface 811 opening inner peripheral surface 812 and the main inner peripheral surface 813 of the case body 81 is formed An annular rail 83, a traveling body 84 capable of traveling on the rail 83, and one end fixed to the traveling body 84, and a ring member 86 integrally attached to the other end, and an expandable member expandable by power A cylinder provided with an electric cylinder 85, and an outer peripheral surface 712 below the entrance 72 of the light collector 71, and provided with a recess 871 for holding the ring member 86 rotatably in the circumferential direction With the ring holding member 87, the.

The traveling body 84 has an upper surface wheel 841 in contact with the rail 83 from the upper surface, and a side wheel 842 in contact with the rail 83 from the side surface, and drives the

wheels

841 and 842 by power mounted on the traveling body 84. As a result, the traveling body 84 can be driven on the rail 83.

The motive power uses the motor 844 and the battery 845 for operating the motor 844. Of course, any other drive source may be used, and only one of the wheels may be driven.

The portions of the rail 83 in contact with the

wheels

841 and 842 have chevron teeth, and the

wheels

841 and 842 use a so-called rack and pinion type drive mechanism having chevron teeth formed on the outer periphery, A more reliable drive is possible, but of course flat rails and conventional wheels may also be used.

The case body 81 is composed of two parts, an upper member 814 and a lower member 815, and the upper member 814 and the lower member 815 are fixed in a state where the traveling body 84 is mounted on a rail 83 formed on the lower member 815. By being integrally formed, the traveling body 84 is structured to be able to travel without being deviated from above the rail 83 by being sandwiched between the upper side member 814 and the lower side member 815.

The turning device 8 having the above configuration first determines the direction in which the irradiation port 73 is to be directed, moves the traveling body 84 to a position coincident with the direction, and contracts the electric cylinder 85 to contract the electric cylinder 85. Accordingly, the ring member 86 and the ring holding member 87 holding the same are pulled toward the traveling body 84, but the positions of the entrances 72 held by the plurality of spring members 82 remain fixed. Since it is possible to move only in the desired direction, the irradiation port 73 can be easily directed in the desired direction in any direction of 360 degrees.

At this time, since the entrance 72 of the irradiation device 7 is tapered, even if the angle of the light collector 71 changes from the original vertical state, the collected sunlight is introduced into the light collector 71. There is no negative impact on the introduction.

Reference Signs List 1 light condensing unit, 11 main lens, 12 auxiliary lens, 12a first auxiliary lens, 12b second auxiliary lens, 12c third auxiliary lens, 121 inner circumferential diameter, 122 outer circumferential diameter, 131 Chord side of semi-viewing circle, arc of plan view semi-circle of auxiliary lens of 132 plan view semi-circle, circular lens of the same radius as 14 main lens, 2 light-gathering device in case of one light-gathering unit, 21 light-gathering Focus position of the device, 3 Focusing device where a plurality of focusing units are arranged in a hemispherical shape, 31 Focus position of the focusing device 3, 4 Irradiator, 41 Focusing body, 42 Incident port, 43 Irradiation port, 44 Inner wall, 45 thermal insulation material, 51 main lens connection holder, 52 auxiliary lens connection holder, 53 main lens support column, 54 auxiliary lens support column, 6 irradiation devices, 7 irradiation 71 light collector, 711 upper outer peripheral surface, 712 outer peripheral surface, 72 incident port, 73 irradiation port, 74 inner wall, 75 heat insulating material, 76 outer wall, 77 connection support, 8 turn device, 81 case body, 811 upper surface, 812 opening inner circumferential surface, 813 body circumferential surface, 814 upper member, 815 lower member, 82 spring member, 83 rail, 84 traveling body, 841 upper wheel, 842 side wheel, 844 motor, 845 battery, 85 electric cylinder, 86 ring member, 87 ring holding member, 871 concave portion, P incident light blocking surface, center of C main lens, radius of R1 main lens, R2 inner circumferential radius of donut-shaped auxiliary lens in plan view, R3 of donut-shaped auxiliary lens in plan view Outer radius, R4 Radius of semi-circular auxiliary lens in plan view, α Planar semi-circular auxiliary lens in plan view Angle of the lens, angle of inclination of the circular lens arranged around the circular lens of the same radius as the β main lens, focal position of the F main lens, focal length of the f main lens, focal distance of the f ′ planar donut auxiliary lens , F ′ ′ focal length of the semi-circular auxiliary lens in plan view

Claims

It consists of a main lens which is a convex lens of plane view circular arranged at the center, and an auxiliary lens which is a convex lens of one or more around which non-circular plan view is arranged, and sunlight incident on the incident surface of each lens A focusing unit for focusing the light beam on the focal point of the main lens.
The auxiliary lens has a donut shape whose inner peripheral diameter is substantially the same as the diameter of the main lens in plan view and whose outer peripheral diameter is larger than the diameter of the main lens, and is cut vertically at a plurality of locations The condensing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that
The auxiliary lens has a donut shape whose inner peripheral diameter is substantially the same as the diameter of the main lens in a plan view and whose outer peripheral diameter is larger than the diameter of the main lens, and the auxiliary lens is vertically divided at a plurality of locations It has a donut shape which is disposed sequentially from the first auxiliary lens to the outer side sequentially from the first auxiliary lens, and the inner circumference thereof is substantially the same as the outer circumference of the inner auxiliary lens, The condensing unit according to claim 1, comprising a second and subsequent auxiliary lenses divided.
The light collecting apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the auxiliary lens is disposed on the same line as the main lens in a side view.
4. The light collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main lens is at the lowest position in a side view, and the auxiliary lens is disposed at a position to be sequentially upward toward the outer side.
The condensing unit according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary lens is a convex lens having a semicircular shape in plan view, and a chord portion is positioned on a main lens side.
7. The light collecting unit according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the main lens is different from that of the auxiliary lens.
The main lens and the auxiliary lens are biconvex lenses, and the refractive index on the incident side and the refractive index on the emission side of each lens are different. Focusing unit as described.
7. The light collecting unit according to claim 6, wherein the four auxiliary lenses are arranged at equal intervals around the main lens.
10. The condensing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 moves on the hemispherical surface such that the optical axis of the main lens always points in the direction of the sun centering on their focal point Possible concentrators.
A light collecting apparatus comprising a plurality of the light collecting units according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 arranged in a hemispherical shape with their focal points as centers.
A heat insulating material is provided between the condenser unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, or the condenser apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, and an outer wall and an inner wall which is a mirror surface. The light collector is made of a tubular light collector, and one open end of the light collector is an entrance that coincides with the focal point, and the other open end of the light collector is condensed and introduced from the entrance. An irradiation port for irradiating the light.
A heat insulating material is provided between the condenser unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, or the condenser apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, and an outer wall and an inner wall which is a mirror surface. The light collecting body is formed of a tubular light collecting body, and one opening end of the light collecting body is an entrance for introducing diffused light after the focal point, and the other opening end of the light focusing body is the entrance And an irradiation port for irradiating the light introduced from the light source and collected.
The irradiation apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a turning device that changes the direction of the irradiation port by 360 degrees.
The turning device has a disk shape in plan view in which the central portion of the bottom surface and the top surface is open, and the light collectors are arranged at the centers with their central axes aligned with each other, and the upper outer peripheral surface of the light collector A case body supported by a plurality of spring members disposed between the upper surface opening and the inner peripheral surface, an annular rail formed on the inner peripheral surface of the case body, and a traveling member traveling on the rail; The irradiation apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising an expansion and contraction member connecting the traveling body and the light collector.