WO2019109781A1 - Hybrid dc converter for offshore wind farm - Google Patents

Hybrid dc converter for offshore wind farm Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019109781A1
WO2019109781A1 PCT/CN2018/114938 CN2018114938W WO2019109781A1 WO 2019109781 A1 WO2019109781 A1 WO 2019109781A1 CN 2018114938 W CN2018114938 W CN 2018114938W WO 2019109781 A1 WO2019109781 A1 WO 2019109781A1
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Prior art keywords
converter
wind farm
sub
offshore wind
diode rectifier
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PCT/CN2018/114938
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蔡旭
常怡然
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上海交通大学
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Priority to EP18807841.4A priority Critical patent/EP3514936B1/en
Publication of WO2019109781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019109781A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/066—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode particular circuits having a special characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H02J3/386—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • H02J3/1857—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters wherein such bridge converter is a multilevel converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4283—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input by adding a controlled rectifier in parallel to a first rectifier feeding a smoothing capacitor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of flexible direct current transmission and power electronic technology in a power system, and relates to a converter topology applied to offshore wind farm direct current transmission, in particular to a hybrid offshore wind field DC converter.
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • Diode rectifiers are low cost and do not require a control system, which can significantly reduce the cost, size and weight of the converter, but the use of diode rectifiers faces significant technical challenges.
  • the diode rectifier can not actively establish the voltage of the wind farm internal network.
  • the control strategy of the conventional wind power converter will not be applicable.
  • the wind turbine needs to consume electric energy.
  • the diode rectifier does not have the inverter function and cannot meet the black start requirement of the wind farm.
  • diode rectifiers generate large current harmonics and do not provide reactive support for the wind farm.
  • the hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter of the present invention comprises: a diode rectifier, the AC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the wind farm intranet, and the DC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the high voltage DC;
  • An inverter which is respectively connected to the wind farm inner grid and the high voltage direct current;
  • the auxiliary converter comprises: a modular multilevel converter, the AC side of the modular multilevel converter Connected to the wind farm inner network via a transformer; a sub-module string, one end of the sub-module string is connected to the modular multi-level converter, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage direct current transmission line; a filter circuit, the sub-module string The other end is connected to the high voltage direct current transmission line via the filter circuit.
  • the filter circuit comprises a filter inductor and a filter capacitor; wherein the other end of the sub-module string is connected to the HVDC transmission line via the filter inductor; the filter capacitor is connected to the modular multi-level converter Between the positive terminal of the input terminal and the negative terminal of the input terminal.
  • the modular multilevel converter is comprised of a half bridge submodule.
  • the number of half bridge submodules of each of the bridge arms in the modular multilevel converter is eight, and the inductance of each of the bridge arms in the modular multilevel converter is 1 mH, the module The DC output voltage rating of the multi-level converter is 16 kV, and the AC output voltage rating of the modular multilevel converter is 6 kV.
  • the sub-module string comprises 45 half-bridge sub-modules.
  • the half bridge module has a rated voltage of 2 kV.
  • the sub-module string has a DC output voltage rating of 84 kV.
  • the filter inductor is 50 mH and the filter capacitor is 150 ⁇ F.
  • the sub-module string has an insulated gate bipolar transistor switching frequency of 200 Hz
  • the modular multi-level converter has an insulated gate bipolar transistor switching frequency of 1000 Hz.
  • the diode rectifier is a 12-pulse diode rectifier, a 24 pulsating diode rectifier or a multiplex diode rectifier.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention can greatly reduce the number of sub-modules and IGBTs and reduce the system cost.
  • the small-capacity low-voltage MMC in the auxiliary converter can provide reactive power compensation and harmonic current compensation in the stable transmission phase of the wind field, improving the performance of the diode-based rectifier system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wind field output current of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an AC side current of an auxiliary converter of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the AC side current of the hybrid rectifier of the offshore wind farm DC converter of the present invention.
  • the hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter of the invention consists of two major parts:
  • the first part is the diode rectifier and its connection transformer.
  • a 12-pulse diode rectifier is used. It is also possible to use a 24-pulse or higher multiplex diode rectifier.
  • the AC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the wind field intranet, and the diode rectifier DC. The side is connected to a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line.
  • HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
  • the second part is the auxiliary converter, and the auxiliary converter consists of three parts:
  • Low-voltage small-capacity MMC this part has the same structure as the conventional MMC inverter, and is composed of a half-bridge sub-module 1, but the voltage level and power capacity are small, and the AC side of the small-capacity low-voltage MMC is connected to the wind farm intranet via a transformer. The DC side passes through the sub-module string and the filter circuit to the HVDC transmission line.
  • a sub-module string consisting of a series of half-bridge sub-modules 1 connected in series, one end connected to a small-capacity low-voltage MMC, and the other end connected to a high-voltage direct current transmission line through a filter circuit.
  • Filter circuit the filter circuit is composed of filter inductor 2 and filter capacitor 3.
  • the filter circuit is installed on the DC side of the auxiliary converter to prevent the high-frequency current inside the converter from entering the high-voltage DC line.
  • the AC side of the auxiliary converter is connected to the wind farm internal network via the transformer and the diode rectifier transformer in parallel, and the DC side is connected to the HVDC transmission line via the sub-module string and the filter circuit.
  • the operation of the converter is divided into three phases: 1.
  • the auxiliary converter is used to establish the AC voltage of the wind farm and control the voltage of the wind farm.
  • the diode rectifier does not work at this time, the starting power of the wind field is provided by the auxiliary converter, and the wind turbine starts the grid according to the conventional control strategy; 2.
  • the wind turbine starts to generate electricity, and the wind field is transformed by the load. For the power supply, the output power is continuously increased.
  • the auxiliary converter When the wind field is completed, the auxiliary converter is used to raise the voltage of the wind farm to reach the rectification threshold of the diode rectifier, so that the output power of the wind field is transferred from the auxiliary converter to the diode rectifier, and assists The voltage amplitude of the AC side of the inverter is controlled to keep the auxiliary converter in a zero-power operation state; 3.
  • the wind field enters the steady-state power generation stage, and all the active power is transmitted by the diode rectifier, and the auxiliary converter is zero at this time.
  • the small-capacity low-voltage MMC in the auxiliary converter functions to compensate the harmonics of the reactive power and the compensation current inside the wind farm.
  • the DC transmission converter station shown in Figure 1 is designed.
  • the HVDC line voltage is 100kV
  • the half-bridge sub-module 1 of the auxiliary converter is rated at 2kV
  • the half-bridge of the sub-module string is 45
  • the DC output voltage rating of the sub-module string is 84kV
  • the number of half-bridge sub-modules 1 of each bridge arm in the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 8
  • the inductance of each bridge arm in the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 1mH.
  • the low-voltage small-capacity MMC has a DC output voltage rating of 16kV, and the low-voltage small-capacity MMC has an AC output voltage rating of 6kV.
  • the auxiliary converter's filter inductor 2 and filter capacitor 3 are 50mH and 150 ⁇ F, respectively.
  • the frequency is 200Hz
  • the IGBT switching frequency of the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 1000Hz
  • the sub-module string and the auxiliary MMC adopt carrier phase shift modulation.
  • the simulation case is verified in the MatLab simulation platform.
  • Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the simulation results of the wind field output current, the auxiliary converter AC side current, and the diode rectifier AC side current.
  • the wind field is at 0.2.
  • the auxiliary converter returns power to the wind field, and the transmission is about 2MW.
  • the unit starts to generate electricity, and the port power of the converter station gradually reverses.
  • the wind field enters the power generation state, at 1.7.
  • the transmission power of the s auxiliary converter station is about 2.5 MW.
  • the auxiliary converter is used to raise the system voltage, and the power generation is transferred from the auxiliary converter to the diode rectifier, and the auxiliary converter performs the wind field. Reactive power compensation and harmonic current compensation, the system reaches 10% of rated power generation in 4.7s.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

A hybrid DC converter for an offshore wind farm comprises: a diode rectifier, the AC side thereof being connected to a wind farm internal grid, and the DC side thereof being connected to a high voltage direct current (HVDC); and an auxiliary converter, separately connected to the wind farm internal grid and the HVDC. The auxiliary converter comprises a modular multilevel converter, the AC side thereof being connected to the wind farm internal grid via a transformer; a sub-module string, one end thereof being connected to the modular multilevel converter, and the other end being connected to a power transmission line of the HVDC; and a filter circuit, for connecting the other end of the sub-module string to the power transmission line of the high voltage direct current (HVDC). Compared with a complete voltage level MMC converter, the converter of the present invention has the beneficial effect of fewer sub modules (1) and IGBTs and lower system costs, and can actively establish a wind farm internal grid voltage when the wind farm starts up, provide starting power for the wind farm, and realizing black start of the wind farm.

Description

混合型海上风场直流换流器Hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于电力系统中柔性直流输电、电力电子技术领域，涉及一种应用于海上风场直流输电的换流器拓扑，特别是一种混合型海上风场直流换流器。The invention belongs to the field of flexible direct current transmission and power electronic technology in a power system, and relates to a converter topology applied to offshore wind farm direct current transmission, in particular to a hybrid offshore wind field DC converter.
背景技术Background technique
基于模块化多电平变换器(Modular Multilevel Converter，MMC)的柔性直流输电技术快速发展，MMC采用子模块构建高压大容量的AC/DC变换器，具有低谐波、低损耗等优点，成为直流输电技术中最具吸引力的变换器拓扑。但随着电压等级的提高，MMC的子模块数量大幅增加，对于电压等级为几百千伏的直流输电系统，MMC换流器需要由上千个子模块组建，控制系统非常复杂，并且换流器的体积与重量比较庞大，换流器制造成本较高。对于海上风场的直流输电应用，海上平台建设成本高昂，进一步提高了系统成本。Based on the rapid development of flexible DC transmission technology based on Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), MMC adopts sub-modules to build high-voltage and large-capacity AC/DC converters with low harmonics and low loss, which becomes DC. The most attractive converter topology in transmission technology. However, with the increase of the voltage level, the number of sub-modules of MMC has increased greatly. For a DC transmission system with a voltage level of several hundred kilovolts, the MMC inverter needs to be assembled by thousands of sub-modules, the control system is very complicated, and the inverter is The volume and weight are relatively large, and the inverter is expensive to manufacture. For DC transmission applications in offshore wind farms, offshore platform construction costs are high, further increasing system costs.
二极管整流器成本低，无需控制系统，可以大幅减小换流器的成本、体积与重量，但采用二极管整流器面临很大的技术挑战。首先，二极管整流器无法主动建立风场内网的电压，常规风力发电变流器的控制策略将无法适用；其次，风电机组需要消耗电能，二极管整流器不具备逆变功能，不能满足风场黑启动要求；另外，二极管整流器会产生较大的电流谐波，并且无法为风场提供无功支撑。Diode rectifiers are low cost and do not require a control system, which can significantly reduce the cost, size and weight of the converter, but the use of diode rectifiers faces significant technical challenges. First of all, the diode rectifier can not actively establish the voltage of the wind farm internal network. The control strategy of the conventional wind power converter will not be applicable. Secondly, the wind turbine needs to consume electric energy. The diode rectifier does not have the inverter function and cannot meet the black start requirement of the wind farm. In addition, diode rectifiers generate large current harmonics and do not provide reactive support for the wind farm.
现有文献1，作者：徐政，薛英林，张哲任.《大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J]》.中国电机工程学报，2014，34(29)：5051-5062，该技术采用了全部为MMC换流器的方案，该方案需要较多的模块数量、IGBT器件，因此系统成本较高。1 existing literature, author: Xu Zheng, Xueying Lin, Chang either "high-capacity overhead lines Flexible Direct Current Transmission prospect of key technologies and prospects [J]" Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2014,34 (29): 5051-5062, the technology All the solutions of the MMC converter are adopted, which requires a large number of modules and IGBT devices, so the system cost is high.
现有文献2，作者：Ramon B，Salvador A，Johel R，et al.《Distributed Voltage and Frequency Control of offshore Wind Farms Connected with a Diode-Based HVDC Link[J]》.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics，2010，25(12)：2095-3105.该技术采用了二极管整流器的方案，由于二极管整流器无法主动建立风场内网的电压，因此需要设计特殊的风力发电变流器控制策略。Existing literature 2, of: Ramon B, Salvador A, Johel R, et al "Distributed Voltage and Frequency Control of offshore Wind Farms Connected with a Diode-Based HVDC Link [J]" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010,.. 25(12): 2095-3105. This technology uses a diode rectifier scheme. Since the diode rectifier cannot actively establish the voltage of the wind farm's intranet, it is necessary to design a special wind turbine converter control strategy.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够满足风场黑启动要求，能够补偿电流谐波，对风场提供无功补偿且系统成本低的混合型海上风场直流换流器。It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter capable of meeting the black start requirement of a wind field, capable of compensating for current harmonics, providing reactive compensation for the wind field, and having a low system cost.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器，包括：二极管整流器，所述二极管整流器的交流侧连接至风场内网，所述二极管整流器的直流侧连接至高压直流；辅助换流器，所述辅助换流器分别与风场内网及高压直流连接；其中所述辅助换流器包括：模块化多电平变换器，所述模块化多电平变换器的交流侧经变压器连接至风场内网；子模块串，所述子模块串的一端连接至所述模块化多电平变换器，另一端连接至高压直流输电线路；滤波电路，所述子模块串的另一端经过所述滤波电路连接至高压直流输电线路。In order to solve the above technical problem, the hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter of the present invention comprises: a diode rectifier, the AC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the wind farm intranet, and the DC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the high voltage DC; An inverter, which is respectively connected to the wind farm inner grid and the high voltage direct current; wherein the auxiliary converter comprises: a modular multilevel converter, the AC side of the modular multilevel converter Connected to the wind farm inner network via a transformer; a sub-module string, one end of the sub-module string is connected to the modular multi-level converter, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage direct current transmission line; a filter circuit, the sub-module string The other end is connected to the high voltage direct current transmission line via the filter circuit.
优选地，所述滤波电路包括滤波电感和滤波电容；其中所述子模块串的另一端经过所述滤波电感连接至高压直流输电线路；所述滤波电容连接在所述模块化多电平变换器的输入端正极与输入端负极之间。Preferably, the filter circuit comprises a filter inductor and a filter capacitor; wherein the other end of the sub-module string is connected to the HVDC transmission line via the filter inductor; the filter capacitor is connected to the modular multi-level converter Between the positive terminal of the input terminal and the negative terminal of the input terminal.
优选地，所述模块化多电平变换器由半桥子模块构成。Preferably, the modular multilevel converter is comprised of a half bridge submodule.
优选地，所述模块化多电平变换器中每个桥臂的半桥子模块的数量为8个，所述模块化多电平变换器中每个桥臂的电感为1mH，所述模块化多电平变换器的直流输出电压额定值为16kV，所述模块化多电平变换器的交流输出电压额定值为6kV。Preferably, the number of half bridge submodules of each of the bridge arms in the modular multilevel converter is eight, and the inductance of each of the bridge arms in the modular multilevel converter is 1 mH, the module The DC output voltage rating of the multi-level converter is 16 kV, and the AC output voltage rating of the modular multilevel converter is 6 kV.
优选地，所述子模块串包括45个半桥子模块。Preferably, the sub-module string comprises 45 half-bridge sub-modules.
优选地，所述半桥子模块的额定电压为2kV。Preferably, the half bridge module has a rated voltage of 2 kV.
优选地，所述子模块串的直流输出电压额定值为84kV。Preferably, the sub-module string has a DC output voltage rating of 84 kV.
优选地，所述滤波电感为50mH，所述滤波电容为150μF。Preferably, the filter inductor is 50 mH and the filter capacitor is 150 μF.
优选地，所述子模块串的绝缘栅双极型晶体管开关频率为200Hz，所述模块化多电平变换器的绝缘栅双极型晶体管开关频率为1000Hz。Preferably, the sub-module string has an insulated gate bipolar transistor switching frequency of 200 Hz, and the modular multi-level converter has an insulated gate bipolar transistor switching frequency of 1000 Hz.
优选地，所述二极管整流器为12脉动二极管整流器、24脉动二极管整流器或多重化二极管整流器。Preferably, the diode rectifier is a 12-pulse diode rectifier, a 24 pulsating diode rectifier or a multiplex diode rectifier.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)与完整电压等级的MMC换流器相比，本发明可以大幅减少子模块与IGBT数量，减少了系统成本。1) Compared with the complete voltage level MMC inverter, the invention can greatly reduce the number of sub-modules and IGBTs and reduce the system cost.
2)能够在风场启动阶段主动建立风场内网电压，提供风风场的启动功率，实现风场的黑启动。2) It is possible to actively establish the internal grid voltage of the wind farm during the start-up phase of the wind farm, provide the starting power of the wind farm, and realize the black start of the wind farm.
3)辅助换流器中的小容量低压MMC能在风场稳定发送阶段提供无功补偿与谐波电流补偿，改善了基于二极管整流器系统的性能。3) The small-capacity low-voltage MMC in the auxiliary converter can provide reactive power compensation and harmonic current compensation in the stable transmission phase of the wind field, improving the performance of the diode-based rectifier system.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器原理图；1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention;
图2为本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器风场输出电流示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a wind field output current of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention;
图3为本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器辅助换流器交流侧电流示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of an AC side current of an auxiliary converter of a hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to the present invention;
图4为本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器二极管整流器交流侧电流示意图。4 is a schematic diagram of the AC side current of the hybrid rectifier of the offshore wind farm DC converter of the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1-半桥子模块   2-滤波电感   3-滤波电容1-Half Bridge Module 2-Filter Inductor 3-Filter Capacitor
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了充分说明本发明解决技术问题所实施使用的技术方案，下面结合实施例和附图对发明做详细说明，但本发明的技术方案、技术方案的实施方式以及保护范围并不仅仅限于此。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention and the scope of the invention are not limited thereto.
本发明混合型海上风场直流换流器由两大部分构成：The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter of the invention consists of two major parts:
第一部分为二极管整流器及其连接变压器，图1中采用了12脉动二极管整流器，也可以采用24脉动或更高多重化的二极管整流器，二极管整流器的交流侧连接至风场内网，二极管整流器的直流侧连接至高压直流(High Voltage Direct Current，HVDC)输电线路。The first part is the diode rectifier and its connection transformer. In Figure 1, a 12-pulse diode rectifier is used. It is also possible to use a 24-pulse or higher multiplex diode rectifier. The AC side of the diode rectifier is connected to the wind field intranet, and the diode rectifier DC. The side is connected to a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line.
第二部分为辅助换流器，辅助换流器由3部分构成：The second part is the auxiliary converter, and the auxiliary converter consists of three parts:
1.低压小容量MMC，该部分与常规MMC换流器结构相同，采用半桥子模块1构成，但电压等级与功率容量较小，小容量低压MMC的交流侧经变压器连接至风场内网，直流侧经过子模块串与滤波电路至高压直流输电线路。1. Low-voltage small-capacity MMC, this part has the same structure as the conventional MMC inverter, and is composed of a half-bridge sub-module 1, but the voltage level and power capacity are small, and the AC side of the small-capacity low-voltage MMC is connected to the wind farm intranet via a transformer. The DC side passes through the sub-module string and the filter circuit to the HVDC transmission line.
2.子模块串，子模块串由一系列半桥子模块1串连构成，一端连接至小容量低压MMC，另一端经过滤波电路连接至高压直流输电线路。2. A sub-module string consisting of a series of half-bridge sub-modules 1 connected in series, one end connected to a small-capacity low-voltage MMC, and the other end connected to a high-voltage direct current transmission line through a filter circuit.
3.滤波电路，滤波电路由滤波电感2和滤波电容3构成，滤波电路安装在辅助换流器的直流侧，阻止换流器内部的高频电流进入高压直流线路。辅助换流器的交流侧经变压器与二极管整流器变压器并联接入风场内网，直流侧经子模块串和滤波电路接入高压直流输电线路。3. Filter circuit, the filter circuit is composed of filter inductor 2 and filter capacitor 3. The filter circuit is installed on the DC side of the auxiliary converter to prevent the high-frequency current inside the converter from entering the high-voltage DC line. The AC side of the auxiliary converter is connected to the wind farm internal network via the transformer and the diode rectifier transformer in parallel, and the DC side is connected to the HVDC transmission line via the sub-module string and the filter circuit.
为了实现风场的黑启动与正常发电，换流器的运行分为三个阶段：1.在风场启动阶段，由辅助换流器建立风场内网交流电压，并控制风场内网电压低于二极管整流器的整流阈值电压，此时二极管整流器不工作，风场的启动功率由辅助换流器提供，风电机组按照常规控制策略启动并网；2.风电机组开始发电，风场由负载转变为电源，输出功率不断增加，当风场完成启动后由辅助换流器抬升风场内网电压达到二极管整流器的整流阈值，使风场输出功率由辅助换流器转移到二极管整流器，并对辅助换流器的交流侧电压幅值进行控制，使辅助换流器保持在零功率运行状态；3.风场进入稳态发电阶段，全部有功功率由二极管整流器输送，此时辅助换流器为零功率运行状态，辅助换流器中的小容量低压MMC起到补偿风场内部无功功率和补偿电流的谐波的功能。In order to realize the black start and normal power generation of the wind farm, the operation of the converter is divided into three phases: 1. In the wind farm start-up phase, the auxiliary converter is used to establish the AC voltage of the wind farm and control the voltage of the wind farm. Below the rectification threshold voltage of the diode rectifier, the diode rectifier does not work at this time, the starting power of the wind field is provided by the auxiliary converter, and the wind turbine starts the grid according to the conventional control strategy; 2. The wind turbine starts to generate electricity, and the wind field is transformed by the load. For the power supply, the output power is continuously increased. When the wind field is completed, the auxiliary converter is used to raise the voltage of the wind farm to reach the rectification threshold of the diode rectifier, so that the output power of the wind field is transferred from the auxiliary converter to the diode rectifier, and assists The voltage amplitude of the AC side of the inverter is controlled to keep the auxiliary converter in a zero-power operation state; 3. The wind field enters the steady-state power generation stage, and all the active power is transmitted by the diode rectifier, and the auxiliary converter is zero at this time. In the power running state, the small-capacity low-voltage MMC in the auxiliary converter functions to compensate the harmonics of the reactive power and the compensation current inside the wind farm.
针对一个160MW的海上风场设计如图1所示的直流输电换流站，HVDC线路电压为100kV，辅助换流流器中半桥子模块1的额定电压为2kV，子模块串的半桥子模块1数量为45，子模块串的直流输出电压额定值为84kV，低压小容量MMC中每个桥臂的半桥子模块1数量为8，低压小容量MMC中每个桥臂电感为1mH，低压小容量MMC的直流输出电压额定值为16kV，低压小容量MMC的交流输出电压额定值为6kV，辅助换流器的滤波电感2和滤波电容3分别为50mH和150μF，子模块串的IGBT开关频率为200Hz，低压小容量MMC的IGBT开关频率为1000Hz，子模块串与辅助MMC均采用载波移相调制。在MatLab仿真平台中对本设计案例进行仿真验证，图2、图3、图4分别给出了风场输出电流、辅助换流器交流侧电流、二极管整流器交流侧电流的仿真结果，风场在0.2s进入启动阶段，由辅助换流器向风场返送功率，输送约为2MW，在0.7s时机组开始发电，换流站端口功率逐渐反向，在1.1s时风场进入发电状态，在1.7s辅助换流站输送功率约为2.5MW，此时判断风场启动完成，由辅助换流器抬升系统电压，使发电功率由辅助换流器转移至二极管整流器，辅助换流器对风场进行无功补偿与谐波电流补偿，系统在4.7s达到10％额定发电功率。For a 160MW offshore wind farm, the DC transmission converter station shown in Figure 1 is designed. The HVDC line voltage is 100kV, and the half-bridge sub-module 1 of the auxiliary converter is rated at 2kV, and the half-bridge of the sub-module string. The number of module 1 is 45, the DC output voltage rating of the sub-module string is 84kV, the number of half-bridge sub-modules 1 of each bridge arm in the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 8, and the inductance of each bridge arm in the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 1mH. The low-voltage small-capacity MMC has a DC output voltage rating of 16kV, and the low-voltage small-capacity MMC has an AC output voltage rating of 6kV. The auxiliary converter's filter inductor 2 and filter capacitor 3 are 50mH and 150μF, respectively. The frequency is 200Hz, the IGBT switching frequency of the low-voltage small-capacity MMC is 1000Hz, and the sub-module string and the auxiliary MMC adopt carrier phase shift modulation. The simulation case is verified in the MatLab simulation platform. Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the simulation results of the wind field output current, the auxiliary converter AC side current, and the diode rectifier AC side current. The wind field is at 0.2. s enters the start-up phase, and the auxiliary converter returns power to the wind field, and the transmission is about 2MW. At 0.7s, the unit starts to generate electricity, and the port power of the converter station gradually reverses. At 1.1s, the wind field enters the power generation state, at 1.7. The transmission power of the s auxiliary converter station is about 2.5 MW. At this time, it is judged that the wind farm is started, the auxiliary converter is used to raise the system voltage, and the power generation is transferred from the auxiliary converter to the diode rectifier, and the auxiliary converter performs the wind field. Reactive power compensation and harmonic current compensation, the system reaches 10% of rated power generation in 4.7s.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The features of the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，包括：A hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter, comprising:
    二极管整流器，所述二极管整流器的交流侧连接至风场内网，所述二极管整流器的直流侧连接至高压直流；a diode rectifier, the AC side of the diode rectifier is connected to a wind farm intranet, and the DC side of the diode rectifier is connected to a high voltage DC;
    辅助换流器，所述辅助换流器分别与风场内网及高压直流连接；其中An auxiliary converter, which is respectively connected to the wind farm internal network and the high voltage direct current;
    所述辅助换流器包括：The auxiliary converter includes:
    模块化多电平变换器，所述模块化多电平变换器的交流侧经变压器连接至风场内网；a modular multilevel converter, the AC side of the modular multilevel converter being connected to the wind farm inner network via a transformer;
    子模块串，所述子模块串的一端连接至所述模块化多电平变换器，另一端连接至高压直流输电线路；a sub-module string, one end of the sub-module string is connected to the modular multi-level converter, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage direct current transmission line;
    滤波电路，所述子模块串的另一端经过所述滤波电路连接至高压直流输电线路。And a filter circuit, the other end of the sub-module string is connected to the high-voltage direct current transmission line via the filter circuit.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述滤波电路包括滤波电感和滤波电容；其中The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the filter circuit comprises a filter inductor and a filter capacitor;
    所述子模块串的另一端经过所述滤波电感连接至高压直流输电线路；The other end of the sub-module string is connected to the high-voltage direct current transmission line via the filter inductor;
    所述滤波电容连接在所述模块化多电平变换器的输入端正极与输入端负极之间。The filter capacitor is connected between the positive terminal of the input end of the modular multilevel converter and the negative terminal of the input terminal.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述模块化多电平变换器由半桥子模块构成。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter of claim 1 wherein said modular multilevel converter is comprised of a half bridge submodule.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述模块化多电平变换器中每个桥臂的半桥子模块的数量为8个，所述模块化多电平变换器中每个桥臂的电感为1mH，所述模块化多电平变换器的直流输出电压额定值为16kV，所述模块化多电平变换器的交流输出电压额定值为6kV。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 3, wherein the number of half bridge submodules of each of the bridge arms in the modular multilevel converter is eight, the modular The inductance of each bridge arm in the multilevel converter is 1 mH, the DC output voltage rating of the modular multilevel converter is 16 kV, and the AC output voltage rating of the modular multilevel converter is 6 kV. .
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述子模块串包括45个半桥子模块。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 4, wherein the sub-module string comprises 45 half-bridge sub-modules.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述半桥子模块的额定电压为2kV。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 5, wherein the half bridge module has a rated voltage of 2 kV.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述子模块串的直流输出电压额定值为84kV。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 6, wherein the sub-module string has a DC output voltage rating of 84 kV.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述滤波电感为50mH，所述滤波电容为150μF。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the filter inductor is 50 mH and the filter capacitor is 150 μF.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述子模块串的绝缘栅双极型晶体管开关频率为200Hz，所述模块化多电平变换器的绝缘栅双极型晶体管开关频率为1000Hz。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the sub-module string has an insulated gate bipolar transistor switching frequency of 200 Hz, and the insulated gate of the modular multilevel converter The bipolar transistor has a switching frequency of 1000 Hz.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型海上风场直流换流器，其特征在于，所述二极管整流器为12脉动二极管整流器、24脉动二极管整流器或多重化二极管整流器。The hybrid offshore wind farm DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the diode rectifier is a 12-pulse diode rectifier, a 24-pulse diode rectifier or a multiplex diode rectifier.
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