WO2019106674A1 - Pompe à déplacement positif actionnée par pression de fluide à double soupape active - Google Patents

Pompe à déplacement positif actionnée par pression de fluide à double soupape active Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019106674A1
WO2019106674A1 PCT/IL2018/051311 IL2018051311W WO2019106674A1 WO 2019106674 A1 WO2019106674 A1 WO 2019106674A1 IL 2018051311 W IL2018051311 W IL 2018051311W WO 2019106674 A1 WO2019106674 A1 WO 2019106674A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
volume
pump
main piston
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2018/051311
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tomer LARK
Noam Hadas
Original Assignee
Serenno Medical
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Serenno Medical filed Critical Serenno Medical
Priority to CN201880086434.4A priority Critical patent/CN111655310B/zh
Priority to US16/767,692 priority patent/US20200384189A1/en
Priority to EP18883076.4A priority patent/EP3717041A4/fr
Publication of WO2019106674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019106674A1/fr
Priority to IL274990A priority patent/IL274990A/en
Priority to US18/225,410 priority patent/US20230366388A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
    • F04B43/067—Pumps having fluid drive the fluid being actuated directly by a piston
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/14212—Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action
    • A61M5/14224—Diaphragm type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/145—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/14586—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of a flexible diaphragm
    • A61M5/14593—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of a flexible diaphragm the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/14—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action having plate-like flexible members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16804—Flow controllers
    • A61M5/16809—Flow controllers by repeated filling and emptying of an intermediate volume
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0042—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving with specific kinematics of the distribution member
    • F04B7/0053—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving with specific kinematics of the distribution member for reciprocating distribution members

Definitions

  • the present invention generally pertains to a device for pumping fluid that is accurate and reliable and provides a precise flow rate and a constant stroke volume.
  • a positive displacement pump can be used for such applications, but normally the valves that feed the pump cavity are passive, operable only by the difference in pressures between the inlet or outlet ports and the pressure inside the pump cavity.
  • Such valves are usually leaf valves, and since their opening and closing is operable by unknown pressure differences, their timing and speed of operation are unknown and variable - leading to uncontrolled changes in the pump throughput or stroke volume.
  • More sophisticated positive displacement pumps make use of active, driven valves to insure constant and accurate opening and closing timing and speeds.
  • active valves may be operable through electric, magnetic or hydraulic actuators, separate from the main pumping actuator, which are added to the basic pump design making it more complex and less reliable.
  • a patent issued to Peer M. Fortner et al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,241) discloses a bellows pump consisting of a piston bellows which is actuated by a solenoid controlled armature. Movement of the piston bellows tends to increase or decrease the volume of the pumping chamber. When the volume of the pump chamber is a maximum, the pumped fluid is forced from a reservoir, which is maintained at positive pressure, through an input passive check valve into the pump chamber. When the bellows piston is actuated, the pump chamber is at a minimum volume and fluid is forced out of the chamber through another output passive check valve.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,098, issued to Norman F. Moody et al discloses a pump having a diaphragm which forms the inlet valve, outlet valve, and is the moveable member which varies the volume in the pumping chamber.
  • a solenoid actuated ball is driven in contact with the diaphragm to vary the volume in the pumping chamber.
  • the diaphragm remains in conformity with the ball, differential pressure across the input valve will cause the stroke volume of this prior art pump to vary.
  • It is another object of the present invention to disclose a positive displacement pump comprising: a housing having at least two pumping ports for flowing a pumpable fluid into and out of the pump and at least one control port for flowing operating pressure into and out of the pump;
  • At least one cavity inside the housing divided into a first volume and a second volume by a freely movable divider, said first volume fluidly isolated from said second volume, said second volume fluidly connectable to said at least two pumping ports, said first volume fluidly connected to said at least one control port; said movable divider movable by means of said operating pressure; said second volume reversibly enlargeable by movement of said movable divider; and
  • At least two valves configured to control flow through said at least two pumping ports, fluid flow through all said at least two pumping ports controllable by at least one of said at least two valves, a first at least one of said at least two valves in fluid connection with a first at least one of said at least two pumping ports a second at least one of said at least two valves in fluid connection with a second at least one of said at least two pumping ports, control of at least one of said at least two valves being independent of control of at least one other of said at least two valves;
  • I ⁇ is another object of the present invention to disclose the pump as described above, wherein said first volume is fluidly isolated from said second volume by said divider.
  • It is another object of the present invention to disclose a positive displacement pump comprising: a housing having at least three fluid ports, at least one inlet port configured to allow flow of a pumped fluid into the pump, at least one outlet port configured to allow flow of said pumped fluid out of the pump, and at least one driver pressure port configured to allow operating pressure into and out of the pump;
  • At least one main piston movable within a space defined by at least one first interior wall of the housing between a first stable position and a second stable position under said operating pressure, said operating pressure acting in a space between the main piston and at least one second interior wall of the housing;
  • At least one cavity coupled to or formed inside the main piston, said cavity divided into a first volume and a second volume by a freely moving divider;
  • At least one first valve operable by motion of said main piston, configured to provide fluid connection between said at least one inlet port and said first volume when the main piston in said first stable position;
  • At least one second valve operable by the motion of said main piston, configured to provide fluid connection between said at least one outlet port and said first volume when the main piston in said second stable position;
  • I ⁇ is another object of the present invention to disclose the pump as described above, wherein the divider separating the cavity into said first volume and said second volume is selected from a group consisting of a diaphragm and a second piston.
  • each of said inlet port and said outlet port comprise a pair of holes, said pair of holes being a hole in said main piston matched to a hole in a portion of said at least one first wall of said housing, and said pair of holes have a dimension along an axis of motion of the main piston in a range between 1.3 and 5 times smaller than a dimension along an axis perpendicular to the axis of motion of the main piston.
  • I ⁇ is another object of the present invention to disclose a method of operating a positive displacement pump comprising steps of:
  • a positive displacement pump comprising:
  • a housing having at least two pumping ports for flowing a pumpable fluid into and out of the pump and at least one control port for flowing operating pressure into and out of the pump; at least one cavity inside the housing, divided into a first volume and a second volume by a freely movable divider, said first volume fluidly isolated from said second volume, said second volume fluidly connectable to said at least two pumping ports, said first volume fluidly connected to said at least one control port; said movable divider movable by means of said operating pressure; said second volume reversibly enlargeable by movement of said movable divider; and
  • At least two valves configured to control flow through said at least two pumping ports, fluid flow through all said at least two pumping ports controllable by at least one of said at least two valves, a first at least one of said at least two valves in fluid connection with a first at least one of said at least two pumping ports, a second at least one of said at least two valves in fluid connection with a second at least one of said at least two pumping ports, control of at least one of said at least two valves being independent of control of at least one other of said at least two valves;
  • said pump stroke comprising:
  • a positive displacement pump comprising:
  • a housing having at least three fluid ports, at least one inlet port configured to allow flow of a pumped fluid into the pump, at least one outlet port configured to allow' flow' of said pumped fluid out of the pump, and at least one driver pressure port configured to allow operating pressure into and out of the pump;
  • At least one main piston movable within a space defined by at least one first interior wall of the housing between a first stable position and a second stable position under said operating pressure, said operating pressure acting in a space between the main piston and at least one second interior wall of the housing;
  • At least one cavity coupled to or formed inside the main piston, said cavity divided into a first volume and a second volume by a freely moving divider;
  • At least one first valve operable by motion of said main piston, configured to provide fluid connection between said at least one inlet port and said first volume when the main piston in said first stable position;
  • At least one second valve operable by the motion of said main piston, configured to provide fluid connection between said at least one outlet port and said first volume when the main piston in said second stable position;
  • said pump stroke comprising:
  • said pump is operable by a single pressure, said operating pressure, pumping of fluid between the inlet port and the outlet port being controlled by said operating pressure, and fluid pressure at said inlet port and said outlet port determinable from measurement of said operating pressure.
  • lO I ⁇ is another object of the present invention to disclose the method as described above, additionally comprising a step of said diaphragm comprising a flexible plastic film with a thickness in a range of 0.01 m m -0.5mm.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a detailed view of an embodiment of the pump
  • Fig. 2A-H illustrates the eight phases in the operation of the pump in series in a complete pumping cycle
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the driver pressure vs. driver volume change though a typical pumping cycle, and the relative pump state in each phase of the cycle;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an algorithm to detect inlet or outlet pressure from the change in slope in the volume/pressure pumping loop;
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the pump
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the driver pressure vs. driver volume change though a typical pumping cycle, and the relative pump state in each phase of the cycle.
  • the term 'cavity divider' hereinafter refers to the diaphragm (membrane), piston or other movable separator inside the cavity in the movable element.
  • the cavity divider subdivides the cavity into two fluidly-isolated sub-volumes.
  • the term 'main piston' hereinafter refers to a movable part of the pump.
  • the main piston comprises an opening connectable to an inlet port, an opening to an outlet port, an opening fluidly connected to a pressure source and a cavity.
  • the term 'pump stroke' hereinafter refers to a single cycle of operation of a pump, each pump stroke configured to transfer a fixed quantity of a pumpable fluid from a first port of the pump, acting as an inlet port, to a second port of the pump, acting as an outlet port.
  • the present invention is a positive displacement pump which can deliver precise and repeatable stroke volumes. Additionally, the present invention teaches a positive displacement pump which is operable through a single pressure lead connected to a positive and negative pressurized fluid source. Additionally, the present invention teaches the design of a positive displacement pump which facilitates the measurement of pressures at the inlet and at the outlet ports through the same lead used for providing the pressures that drive the pump. The pump also has a stroke volume which is constant; the stroke volume is independent of ambient pressure and reservoir pressure over a considerable range.
  • the pump of the present invention comprises a rigid housing containing a moveable part, the main piston. Inside the main piston is an internal cavity of a known and fixed volume. The cavity is subdivided into two fluidly-isolated sub-volumes by a movable cavity divider.
  • the cavity divider is a very flexible diaphragm or membrane embedded in the cavity, with the diaphragm dividing the volume of the cavity into the two fluidly-isolated sub-volumes.
  • a freely moving piston having sealing elements can divide the volume of the cavity into the two fluidly-isolated sub-volumes.
  • the two sub-volumes are hereby denoted the upper portion of the cavity and the lower portion of the cavity. The upper portion is in fluid connection with the space between the moving part and the housing and is therefore exposed to the driver pressure.
  • the cavity divider is reversibly moveable from a first position where it is resting fully against the upper wall of the pump cavity, so that the lower portion comprises the entire usable volume of the cavity, to a second position where the cavity divider is resting fully on the lower wall of the pump cavity, so that the upper portion comprises the entire usable volume of the cavity. Any state between these two positions is an intermediate position. Intermediate positions are not stable during normal operation.
  • the cavity divider can be driven from the first position to the second and vice versa by a source of fluid pressure, this source of fluid pressure being fluidly connected to the upper portion of the pump cavity.
  • the cavity divider can freely move up and down in the cavity with minimal losses due to bending of the diaphragm or friction with the cavity walls while maintaining fluid isolation between the upper and lower portions of the cavity. This means that, whenever the pressure in the upper and lower portions of the cavity are equal, the cavity divider will experience zero net force and will be free to move under the slightest imbalance in pressure between the two portions.
  • the cavity divider When the fluid pressure supplied by the driver source is higher than the pressure at the outlet port and the outlet valve is open, the cavity divider is driven down from the first position to the second positon, minimizing the volume of the lower portion of the pump cavity.
  • the cavity divider When the fluid pressure supplied by the driver source is lower than the pressure at the inlet port when the inlet valve is open, the cavity divider is driven up from the second position to the first position, maximizing the volume of the lower portion of the pump cavity.
  • the lower portion of the pump cavity is fluidly connectable to two valves, one which can connect the lower portion of the pump cavity to the inlet port and one which can connect the lower portion of the pump cavity to the outlet port.
  • These valves have two stable positions, OPEN and CLOSED.
  • the first valve When the moveable part is in the down position, the first valve is open, fluidly connecting the lower portion of the pump cavity to the inlet port which is connected to a source for the pumped fluid in the up position of the moveable part, fluid connection between the inlet port and the first valve is broken, not allowing any fluids to pass through.
  • a second valve opens a fluid connection between the pump cavity and the outlet port of the pump.
  • valves are operable through a force generated by a driver fluid pressure provided to a driver port, fluidly connected to some mechanism which converts this pressure to the force necessary to implement the mechanical motion which moves the valve element from one stable position to the other and back.
  • This pressure source can be a powered pressure generating device such as a piston pump, a peristaltic pump or some other pump.
  • Both pressure controlled valves are fluidly connected to the same source of fluid pressure already described as driving the cavity divider inside the pump cavity between its first and second positions.
  • the positive and negative pressures at which the inlet and outlet valves are switched from the up position to the down position and vice versa are much higher than any pressure which is expected to appear in normal operation either at the inlet port or at the outlet port for the pumped fluid.
  • a pumping cycle begins with the driving pressure source delivering a first pressure level which is sufficient to A. Move the main piston to the down position, and B. move the cavity divider to the second position where the volume of the lower portion of the pump cavity is zero, because the cavity divider is resting against the lower wall of the cavity.
  • the lower portion of the cavity is fluidly connected to the source of the pumped fluid through the inlet valve.
  • the outlet port is disconnected from the pump cavity lower portion due the closure of the outlet valve.
  • the pressure supplied by the driving pressure source begins to decrease.
  • the pressure from the driver source is equal to the pressure at the inlet port, the pumped fluid begins to flow through the open inlet valve.
  • the fluid flowing through the inlet valve will force the cavity divider up.
  • the pressure on both sides of the cavity divider will remain the same.
  • the fluid pressure at the inlet port of the pump can be measured by fluidly connecting a pressure sensor to the tube connecting the driver pressure source to the upper portion of the pump cavity.
  • the internal volume of the lower portion of the cavity is now completely full and wall be equal to the total usable volume of the pump cavity.
  • the driver pressure source now continues to decrease the driver pressure until it reaches a second pressure level which causes the main piston to move from the down position to the up position, forcing both inlet and outlet valves to a new state in which the inlet port is disconnected from the cavity low 7 er portion, while the cavity lower portion is fluidly connected through the outlet valve to the outlet port.
  • the pumped fluid does not leave the cavity since there is no pressure present to force it out of the lower portion of the cavity.
  • the pressure source begins to increase the driver pressure, until this pressure becomes larger than the fluid pressure at the outlet port. This forces the cavity divider down, pushing the pumped fluid from the low 7 er portion of the pump cavity, through the outlet valve to the outlet port. At this time, the fluid pressure at the outlet port of the pump can be measured by fluidly connecting a pressure sensor to the tube connecting the driver pressure source to the upper portion of the pump cavity.
  • the pressure from the driver pressure source continues to increase until it reaches the second pressure level, which causes the main piston to move from the up position to the down position, forcing the outlet valve to close and the inlet valve to open.
  • the next pumping cycle can begin when the main piston is in a down stable position, the cavity divider is in the second position, the inlet valve is open, the outlet valve is closed, and the driver pressure is positive and higher than the inlet pressure.
  • the mechanical part can be a loaded spring, a ball and groove setup, an electrical switch, magnets, or any other means which is well known in the art.
  • top and bottom surfaces of the cavity against which the cavity divider is pressed in the first and second positions, as a network of shallow grooves rather than as flat surfaces with holes leading to the fluid paths to the ports.
  • the grooves can ensure that the forces applied to the cavity divider at the maximum positive and negative pressures are evenly distributed, and can prevent breaking of a diaphragm membrane if the diaphragm is exposed to a too-high pressure at one point.
  • the cross-section of the inlet and outlet ports is preferably oval or slot shaped, with the top-bottom dimension much smaller than the left-right dimension. This allows the travel needed by the main piston to open and seal the openings to be shorter, and therefore reduces the depth of the pump.
  • the inlet port and outlet port comprise a pair of holes, with the pair of holes comprising a hole in the main piston matched to a hole in the side wall of the housing.
  • the matched pair of holes can have a circular cross-section, or they can have a dimension along the axis of motion of the main piston which is in a range between 1.3 - and 5 times smaller than the dimension along the axis that is perpendicular to the axis of motion of the main piston.
  • the tube connecting the control pressure inlet and the driver pump should preferably have a small diameter lumen in order to minimize the added volume and have non-stretchable walls in order to minimize changes in this volume due to internal pressure changes.
  • the valves are opened and closed using the sliding motion of the main piston.
  • the two holes, one in the main piston and one in the wall of the housing, either align, or not, depending on the position of the main piston.
  • the valve is open, if they ae not aligned, the valve is closed.
  • This type of valve has the advantage of maintaining a good seal even when the fluid pumped may have particles or soft floaters which can interfere with the seal of a standard leaf valve. It can be beneficial to make the sliding surfaces of both the main piston and the housing wall very hydrophobic if pumping water-based fluids, to lower chances of leaks.
  • a novel feature of the present invention is the use of a highly flexible diaphragm (membrane) or a freely moving piston which conform to the contours of both the top and the bottom inner surfaces of the pump cavity when at rest in either the first or second positions. This feature assures that the pump will deliver a constant stroke volume of the pumped fluid.
  • the elasticity, flexibility and compressibility of the diaphragm material(s) are selected and the cavity walls are manufactured so that the usable cavity volume is calibrated to provide the desired stroke volume.
  • a second novel feature of the invented pump is the use of active, pressure-actuated inlet and outlet valves, driven by the same pressure line that drives the pumping action, thus eliminating any valve related pumped fluid volume variations or errors, and simplifying pump construction.
  • a third novel feature is the use of active, pressure actuated inlet and outlet valves with activation pressures for switching from the up position to the down positions, and back again under the force of the driver pressure.
  • a fourth novel feature of the present invention is the ability to drive the pump and to measure pressure at both the inlet port and the outlet port through the single tube connecting the pump housing and the upper part of the cavity volume to the driver pressure source.
  • a fifth novel feature of the present invention is the ability to control the release of pumped fluid volumes which are smaller than the useful volume of the pump internal cavity, by controlling the volume of the fluid sent from the driver pressure source to the pump housing and the upper portion of the cavity at the time of equilibrium of pressures between the upper and lower portion of the cavity. This is manifested by the ability to pump additional volume of driving fluid without changing the pressure in the closed volume comprising the driver pressure source, volume of the tube connecting the driver source with the pump, and the upper portion of the pump volume.
  • a sixth novel feature is the ability to detect leaks of the driver fluid, as indicated by slow changes in the pressure in the up state or the down state, where there should be no change in volume, and therefore pressure, over time.
  • the pump comprises a pump housing 2 preferably manufactured from a hard thermoplastic material with a low coefficient of friction such as polyethylene (PE) or high density polyethylene (HOPE), having an internal volume and four fluid ports.
  • the four ports can be integral parts of the housing and molded together with the housing in the same production step, or can be added at a later step using a plastic bonding technique.
  • the inlet port 10 can be placed in fluid communication through a tube 4 with a source of pumped fluid.
  • the outlet port 11 can be placed in fluid communication through a tube 3 with a reservoir or a drain that receives the pumped fluid.
  • the control pressure source can be in fluid communication through a tube 1 with the pump housing via control port 13.
  • the pressure sensing component(s) are in fluid communication with the pump housing, preferably via control port 13.
  • the pressure sensing component(s) can be in fluid communication directly with the interior of the housing, via a mount on control port 13, or via tube 1.
  • Venting port 12 is in fluid communication with ambient air, and is intended to release excess pressure which may be present under the main piston as it moves up and down.
  • a main piston comprising a top part 8 and a bottom part 9 is movable towards the control port 13 and away from the control port 13; up and down in the embodiment shown.
  • the main piston parts can be manufactured from low surface friction coefficient thermoplastic material, such as Teflon®.
  • the two main piston parts 8 and 9 are joined together to form a movable main piston with an internal cavity having a very precise usable internal volume (consisting of volume 5 and volume 7, omitting the volume of diaphragm 6), and a very flexible diaphragm 6 dividing the cavity 5+7 into a first (upper) portion 5 and second (lower) portion 6.
  • the diaphragm sealingly links the top and bottom main piston parts, preventing contact between fluid present in the upper portion of the cavity 5 and fluid present in the lower portion of the cavity 6.
  • the main piston thus has two stable positions, a stable up position in which its top surface coincides with the top surface of the housing internal space, with minimal clearance to ensure an even distribution of pressure across the main piston’s entire top face, and a stable down position in which the main piston’s bottom surface coincides with the bottom surface of the housing internal space.
  • the side faces of the main piston can slide over the internal side surfaces of the housing internal volume in such a way as to form tight-fitting contacting surfaces, which form a seal above and below each section or port level, including the entire main piston, thereby ensuring that the space above the main piston is fluidly isolated from the space below' the main piston.
  • the lower portion of the piston cavity 7 can be in fluid communication with inlet tube 4 and inlet port 10 via fluid path 15 or can be in fluid communication with outlet tube 3 and outlet port 11 via fluid path 14, or there can be a single, joint fluid path shared by the inlet and outlet flow, made in the bottom part of the main piston 9 reaching the side surfaces of the main piston at two different, and vertically-separated locations designated the first 10 and second 11 openings (inlet and outlet ports).
  • the relative locations of these openings are designed in such a way as to align first opening 15 with the location of the opening of the inlet port 10 when the main piston is at its botom stable position, and to align the location of the second opening 14 with the location of the opening of the outlet port 11 when the main piston is at its top stable position.
  • Fig, 2A the main piston is in its down position, the diaphragm in the cavity is in the lower second position, and the lower part of the cavity is in fluid connection with the inlet port (on the left) connected to the source of pumped fluid.
  • the driver pressure supplied from the driver port at the top of the housing is higher than the pressure of the fluid at the inlet port, so no fluid flow's in through the port.
  • the driver pressure source starts lowering the driver pressure.
  • the driver pressure becomes equal to the inlet pressure, at which time the diaphragm in the cavity starts moving up from its second position to its first position as is shown in Fig, 2B.
  • it is possible to measure the pressure in the inlet port by measuring the pressure in the driver port since they must be equal as long as the diaphragm has not reached the end of its travel.
  • the driver continues to pull fluid through the driver port (suction on the interior of the housing), and the diaphragm moves all the way up to the first position.
  • the pressure above the main piston continues to decrease, as shown in Fig. 2C.
  • the pressure above the main piston decreases until it is below atmospheric pressure.
  • the main piston moves up, as shown in Fig. 2D.
  • the movement of the main piston closes the valve connecting the lower part of the cavity with the inlet port, and opens the valve connecting the lovrer part of the cavity with the outlet port.
  • the fluid in the lower part of the cavity wall not flow out because there is no pressure to induce the fluid to flow.
  • the driver pressure source stops lowering the pressure above the main piston, and starts increasing it again, as shown in Fig. 2E
  • the diaphragm will start moving down, pushing the fluid in the lower part of the cavity out through the outlet port, as shown in Fig. 2F.
  • it is possible to measure the pressure in the outlet port by measuring the pressure in the driver port since they must be equal as long as the diaphragm has not reached the end of its travel.
  • the pressure in the driver port continues to increase until the diaphragm has moved all the way down and the lower part of the cavity is empty, as shown in Fig. 2G.
  • the pressure continues to increase until the main piston moves down into its down position, as shown in Fig. 2H --- returning the system to its initial state, ready for the next cycle.
  • the driver fluid is air; fluids such as, but not limited to, water, oil or hydraulic fluid can be used as the driver fluid.
  • the pressure/volume loop of the driver source cars be seen in Fig. 3.
  • the X Axis 20 represents the change in volume of driver fluid caused by the driver pump, and the Y axis 19 represents a driver pressure difference, not the actual driver pressure.
  • pump state 1 represents the state right after the main piston has moved down, with maximum pressure at the driver port.
  • the pressure in the volume above the main piston (inclusive of the volume of the cavity above the diaphragm) then decreases as the driver applies suction to the driver fluid, removing a predetermined volume of driver fluid.
  • the slope of the graph 10 shows the pressure decreasing until, at pump state 2, the driver pressure becomes equal to the pressure at the inlet port and pumped fluid starts flowing into the cavity.
  • the pressure doesn’t change even as more fluid is pumped out of the space above the main piston, as shown by graph section 11.
  • the slope of the graph when the diaphragm is in its down position differs from the slope of the graph when the diaphragm is in its up position, since the volume the drive pressure is acting on is different - the volume the drive pressure acts on becomes smaller or larger by the usable volume of the cavity.
  • the total volume comprises the volume above the diaphragm in the cavity, the space above the main piston, the volume of the lumen of the tube connecting the control pump and the pump housing, and the volume of the control pump itself. Therefore, the rate of pressure change is different for points in the cycle where this total volume is different; the slope of the pressure vs. time graph is not the same when the diaphragm (or other cavity divider) is in the down position as when it is in the up position. This change in slope is important since it allows the system to find the location of the flat part of equal pressures (15 and 11) (when inlet and outlet pressures must be measured) even if it is too small to be otherwise detectable.
  • the cavity in the main piston which defines the volume of fluid pumped in each cycle, may have slightly different volumes in different pumps due to production tolerances, or because residue can accumulate in the cavity or on the cavity divider, it can be useful to measure the active volume of the pump. This can be accomplished by measuring the change in volume of driver fluid induced by the driver pump, which does not lead to a change in pressure in the driver fluid line and in the space above the moving part. Since, at this time, the cavity divider is moving from being totally on one side of the cavity to being totally on the other side of the cavity, the change in volume of the driver fluid is exactly equal to the active volume of the cavity. Active volume means the volume of the cavity, minus the volume of any residues or dirt buildup on the cavity divider on the side facing the pumped fluid, which lowers that maximal volume of pumped fluid pumped in each cycle.
  • Hie location of these sections can be deduced from the change in slope of the volume/pressure loop measured by the pressure driver. This can be better explained in Fig. 4.
  • an elastic or collapsible tube such as a bellows can be added between the inside surface of the top of the housing and the top surface of the main piston . This way, even if some pumped fluid escapes the valves and wets the wall of the housing, it can’t contaminate the control fluid circuit. This is especially important in medical applications, where the pumped fluid may present a biological hazard and must not contaminate the driving pump.
  • the cavity divider is not perpendicular to the piston axis of motion.
  • a safety pressure-release valve can be presented as making the surfaces comprising one half of each valve moveable in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion. These can be designed as spring-loaded against their mating surfaces. If the pressure at any port is higher than the holding force of the springs, the fluid pressure will push the movable surfaces to form cracks in the seal through which fluid can escape the pump so as to release the extra pressure via venting port 12.
  • FIG. 5 A second embodiment of the pump is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the pump body 1 comprises a cavity 16 divided by a diaphragm 6, a first fluid port 7 and a second fluid port 8.
  • the cavity 16 is fluidly connected to a pressure source (not shown) via a pump cavity pressure inlet tube 3.
  • active valves 19 and 21 independently control opening and closing of, respectively, the first fluid port 7 and the second fluid port 8.
  • inlet active valve 9 is shown open and outlet active valve 19 is shown closed.
  • Each active valve comprises a compressible tube (10 and 11) fluidly connecting the port (7 and 8) to the cavity 16.
  • the compressible tube (10 and 11) can be pinched shut by an active valve pincher (9 and 19).
  • the valves are pneumatic valves.
  • Pinch valves are typically pneumatic, hydraulic, motor-driven or solenoid operated. Any type of actively-driven, automatically-controllable valve which avoids contact between the flowable fluid and the valve mechanism and which avoids any contamination towards or from the environment is applicable.
  • pressurized air can enter or leave via control pressure inlet tubes 2 and 4, respectively.
  • the pressurized air moves active valve pinchers 9 and 19, respectively.
  • Membranes 5 and 15 are sealingiy connected to active valve pinchers 9 and 19,
  • the first active valve 18 is shown in an open position and the second active valve 28 is shown in a closed position.
  • the control air pressure is low and the active valve pincher 9 is retracted away from the compressible tube 10, allowing fluid to flow through compressible tube 10, and the membrane 5 is compressed.
  • the control air pressure is increased to close the active valve.
  • the active valve is closed (second active valve 28)
  • the control air pressure is high and the active valve pincher 19 is extended, compressing the compressible tube 11, preventing fluid from flowing through compressible tube 11, and the membrane 15 is expanded.
  • the pressure/volume loop of the driver source cars be seen in Fig. 6.
  • the X Axis 20 represents the change in volume of driver fluid caused by the driver pump, and the Y axis 19 represents a driver pressure difference, not the actual driver pressure.
  • pumped fluid flows from left to right through the pump, as shown by the horizontal arrows.
  • a cycle of operation starts with the inlet valve 18 open, outlet valve 28 closed and the diaphragm 6 in its up position against a side of the cavity 16 opposite to the driver port 3. Suction is applied to the driver port 3, decreasing the pressure in the cavity 16 (31, 10 in Fig. 6) When the pressure in the cavity 16 has decreased until it is equal to the pressure at first fluid port 7, pumped fluid will flow through first fluid port 7, through valve 18 and into the cavity 16, forcing the diaphragm 6 downward and away from the wall of the cavity 16 against which it had been resting (32, 11 in Fig. 6). During this phase of the cycle, the pressure in the cavity 16 does not change, staying the same as the pressure at first fluid port 7.
  • the diaphragm 6 When the pressure in the cavity 16 has increased until it is greater than the pressure at the second fluid port 8, the diaphragm 6 will be pushed away from the wall comprising the driver port 3, pushing the pumped fluid out through valve 28 and second fluid port 8 (36, 15 in Fig. 6). (After exit from second fluid port 8, it can be stored in a reservoir, let into a drain, be transferred for further processing, or otherwise treated in any conventional manner for fluid that is being pumped.) During this phase of operation, while the diaphragm 6 is moving, the pressure in the cavity 16 does not change (37, 16 in Fig. 6), staying the same as the pressure at second fluid port 8.
  • the pressure/volume loop of the driver source is similar to the pressure- volume loop of the driver source seen in Fig. 3.
  • the first, suction, half of the cycle, 10 through 12 occurs when the inlet valve (18 in Fig. 5) is open and the outlet valve (28 in Fig. 5) is closed, while the second, pressure, half of the cycle, 14 through 16, occurs when the inlet valve (18 in Fig. 5) is closed and the outlet valve (28 in Fig. S) is open.
  • Measurement of the pressure can be carried out in the same manner as for the first embodiment, with the at least one pressure sensor being in fluid communication with the driver fluid only.
  • the at least one pressure sensor can be in fluid communication with any of the driver fluid side of the cavity 16 (the upper side of the cavity in the embodiment of Fig. 5), driver port 3, tubing attached to driver port 3, and the driver pressure source, but no pressure sensors are needed in fluid communication with the pumped fluid. There is no need to have a pressure sensor on any of first fluid port 7, second fluid port 8, valve 18, or valve 28, or in fluid communication with the pumped fluid side (the lower side in the embodiment of Fig. 5).
  • the slope of the graph when the diaphragm 6 is in its down position differs from the slope of the graph when the diaphragm 6 is in its up position, since the volume the drive pressure is acting on is different - the volume the drive pressure acts on becomes smaller or larger by the usable volume of the cavity.
  • the total volume comprises the volume above the diaphragm in the cavity, the volume of the lumen of the tube connecting the control pump and the pump housing, and the volume of the control pump itself. Therefore, the rate of pressure change is different for points in the cycle where this total volume is different; the slope of the pressure vs. time graph is not the same when the diaphragm 16 (or other cavity divider) is in the down position as when it is in the up position. This change in slope is important since it allows the system to find the location of the flat part of equal pressures (15 and 11) (when inlet and outlet pressures must be measured) even if it is too small to be otherwise detectable.
  • the cavity 16 which defines the volume of fluid pumped in each cycle, may have slightly different volumes in different pumps due to production tolerances, or because residue can accumulate in the cavity 16 or on the diaphragm 6, it can be useful to measure the active volume of the pump. This can be accomplished by measuring the change in volume of dri ver fluid induced by the driver pump which does not lead to a change in pressure in the driver fluid line. Since, at this time, the diaphragm 6 is moving from being totally on one side of the cavity 16 to being totally on the other side of the cavity 16, the change in volume of the driver fluid is exactly equal to the active volume of the cavity 16. Active volume means the volume of the cavity 16, minus the volume of any residues or dirt buildup on the diaphragm 16 on the side facing the pumped fluid, which lowers that maximal volume of pumped fluid pumped in each cycle.
  • an elastic or collapsible tube such as a bellows can be added between the inside surface of the top of the housing and the top surface of the main piston. This way, even if some pumped fluid escapes the valves and wets the wall of the housing, it can’t contaminate the control fluid circuit. This is especially important in medical applications, wdiere the pumped fluid may present a biological hazard and must not contaminate the driving pump.
  • the cavity divider is not perpendicular to the piston axis of motion.
  • first ports there can be one or more first ports and that the plurality of first ports can be controlled by one or more valves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pompe à déplacement positif à double soupape active comprenant : un corps contenant les éléments de la pompe. Un piston est pourvu d'une cavité interne divisée en deux volumes isolés fluidiquement par un diaphragme à déplacement libre, l'un des deux volumes étant en communication fluidique avec un volume entre le piston et le corps qui contient une pression d'entraînement provenant d'une source de pression. Le piston est mobile en va-et-vient à l'intérieur du corps sous une pression d'entraînement positive ou négative. Une soupape d'admission active actionnable par la pression d'entraînement est actionnée lorsque la pression d'entraînement est supérieure à la pression maximale au niveau de l'orifice d'admission de la pompe. Une soupape de sortie active actionnable par la pression d'entraînement est actionnée lorsque la pression d'entraînement est inférieure à la pression minimale au niveau de l'orifice de sortie de la pompe. Le diaphragme sépare le fluide pompé du fluide opérationnel utilisé pour déplacer le diaphragme à l'intérieur de la cavité de piston et transmet la pression au niveau de l'orifice d'admission lorsque la soupape d'admission est ouverte et au niveau de l'orifice de sortie lorsque la soupape de sortie est ouverte.
PCT/IL2018/051311 2017-11-29 2018-11-29 Pompe à déplacement positif actionnée par pression de fluide à double soupape active WO2019106674A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201880086434.4A CN111655310B (zh) 2017-11-29 2018-11-29 双主动阀流体压力操作的正排量泵
US16/767,692 US20200384189A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2018-11-29 A dual active valve fluid pressure operated positive displacement pump
EP18883076.4A EP3717041A4 (fr) 2017-11-29 2018-11-29 Pompe à déplacement positif actionnée par pression de fluide à double soupape active
IL274990A IL274990A (en) 2017-11-29 2020-05-28 The pressure pump prevents flowing pressure and has a double active valve
US18/225,410 US20230366388A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2023-07-24 Dual active valve fluid pressure operated positive displacement pump

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201762591803P 2017-11-29 2017-11-29
US62/591,803 2017-11-29

Related Child Applications (2)

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US16/767,692 A-371-Of-International US20200384189A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2018-11-29 A dual active valve fluid pressure operated positive displacement pump
US18/225,410 Continuation US20230366388A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2023-07-24 Dual active valve fluid pressure operated positive displacement pump

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WO2019106674A1 true WO2019106674A1 (fr) 2019-06-06

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CN (1) CN111655310B (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021072729A1 (fr) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 Healtell (Guangzhou) Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Pompes à puce microfluidique et procédés associés

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CN111655310A (zh) 2020-09-11
US20200384189A1 (en) 2020-12-10
IL274990A (en) 2020-07-30
CN111655310B (zh) 2022-07-05
US20230366388A1 (en) 2023-11-16
EP3717041A4 (fr) 2021-06-09
EP3717041A1 (fr) 2020-10-07

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