WO2019104437A1

WO2019104437A1 - Method and apparatus for forming containers

Info

Publication number: WO2019104437A1
Application number: PCT/CA2018/051525
Authority: WO
Inventors: H. J. Paul Langen
Original assignee: Lancan Systems Inc.
Priority date: 2017-12-02
Filing date: 2018-11-29
Publication date: 2019-06-06
Also published as: CA3083554A1; CN111670114A

Abstract

A method and system are disclosed for forming a can from a re-configurable blank. A blank is also disclosed that may be a paper based blank and may be of multi-layer construction. The method may comprise: (a) supporting the blank in a first orientation; (b) positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in the first orientation; (c) while the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, rotating a second portion of the blank around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device; and (d) rotating a third portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a third portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device. A generally tubular side wall may thus be formed for a can.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONTAINERS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a Continuation of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15/829,901 filed on December 2, 2017, which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15/612,858 filed on June 2, 2017. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/345,628 filed on June 3, 2016. The contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for forming containers, including cases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Containers are used to package many different kinds of items. One form of container used in the packaging industry is a carton. Cartons come in many different configurations and are made from a wide variety of materials. A related type of container used in the packaging industry is referred to as a case and is typically used for shipping items / products or cartons containing items/products. In the present document, the term "case" is used to refer to cartons, boxes, cases and other similar types of containers.

[0004] Cases come in many different configurations and are made from a wide variety of materials. Many cases are foldable and are formed from a flattened piece of material of a specific configuration (commonly called a case blank). Cases may be made from an assortment of foldable materials, including cardboard, paperboard, plastic materials, composite materials, and the like and possibly even combinations thereof.

[0005] In some known systems, partially formed tubular case blanks may be serially retrieved from a magazine, opened up from a flattened state into an erected state, and placed in a slot on a conveyor. The erected carton may then be moved by the conveyor to a loading station where the case may be filled with one or more items.

[0006] To permit the cases to be readily opened up into an erected state from a flattened state, the blanks may be held in the magazine in a partially folded configuration and be partially glued along at least one side seam to form a tubular configuration. Accordingly, each case may only require opposite panels to be pulled apart to provide a tubular shape that is suitable for delivery to a case conveyor. The case can then be moved by the case conveyor to be filled from a side while on the case conveyor and any required additional panel folding and gluing can be carried out to enclose and fully seal the case with one or more items / cartons contained therein.

[0007] However, such pre-folded and pre-glued blanks are not well adapted to shipping in bulk due to their asymmetric shape - being three layers thick on the glued seam area and two layers thick elsewhere. Unstable stacking characteristics of such blanks typically require the use of secondary containers and also reduce the number of blanks that can be shipped per unit volume. Both of these factors result in increased shipping costs compared to blanks that can be shipped to a case-filler in a completely flat arrangement. Additionally, some types of items / cartons do not lend themselves particularly well to being side-loaded into a case; rather such products /items/cases are more readily loaded into the top of an open-top carton. It can also be advantageous in some situations to be able to load some products through a relatively large opening, compared to smaller opening in a side-loaded carton.

[0008] Some other case forming systems are adapted to forming a case that can be top- loaded. In some known systems, a magazine may hold a number of blanks that are completely unfolded and unglued and which lie completely flat in a stack in the magazine. However, currently quite complicated systems are required in order to fold, configure and glue the case so that it is suitable to receive one or more items.

[0009] In the formation of cases from corrugated fibreboard material, it is also typically necessary as part of the forming process to fold over various parts of a blank made from a corrugated fibreboard material. However, current folding processes and machines are relatively complex.

[0010] One particular type of case that is in widespread use in packaging a wide variety of items / cartons is a case made from a corrugated material, such as corrugated fibreboard. The use of corrugated fibreboard generally enhances the strength of the case. Of those cases made from corrugated fibreboard, a common type is known as "Regular Slotted Container" case or "RSC" case and it is particularly well suited for packaging many types of items such as by way of example only, glass and plastic bottles, packaged goods, or other smaller cases/cartons.

[0011] Typically, an RSC blank is formed as a flat sheet of material, but usually is folded over and sealed down one seam with an adhesive to form a tubular shaped blank (often called a "knock down" RSC blank). After the knock down RSC blanks have been created, they are typically grouped with other RSCs and shipped to the facility of the customer where the knock-down RSCs are to be erected and filled/packed. [0012] However, having to ship knock down RSCs from a location where they are formed to another location where they are erected has drawbacks, as referenced above.

[0013] Accordingly, an improved forming method and system is desirable which may permit a generally flat, unglued blank to be readily formed into a container such as a case, including for example an RSC case. This may for example, enable flat blanks to be formed into open top cases at the same location where they are filled with products/items/cases and then top-sealed. Also, an improved method and system of forming cases is desirable which can be rapidly and/or easily modified to accommodate cases of different sizes.

[0014] Other types of cases that may be employed to hold items are composite cans and paper material based cans, such as cans formed from a single layer or multi-layer of cardboard / paperboard. Such cans may be used to hold food products or other sensitive products and may provide an inner holding cavity that is relatively impermeable to gases and/or liquids when being used to store such products.

[0015] Composite cans may be rigid or semi-rigid cans and may be formed using in a continuous form-and-seal type process combining multiple reels of materials which may be formed into a multi-layer composite web. The web of interconnected layers of materials may be shaped around a mandrel and the overlapping longitudinal edges sealed with an adhesive to form a tubular side wall. An insider liner material may be heat sealed at the inside of the side wall to provide a relatively high level moisture / liquid barrier. The inside liner materials may for example be made from an aluminium foil, a suitable plastic film, or both. The bottom component of a composite can may be made from a wide variety of materials such as a metal, a composite material or a suitable hard plastic material. A top lid may also be provided and may be made from a suitable material such as a strong injection molded plastic. Seals, such as heat seals, may be provided between the bottom and the side wall, and the top lid and the side wall.

[0016] Similarly, paper based cans, such as cardboard / paperboard cans, may also be used to hold items such as for example food and other sensitive items. Paper based cans may be rigid / semi-rigid containers that may also be formed from three separate parts / components. The first part may be a side wall that may be formed from a "flat blank". The base substrate material for the side wall may be a suitably strong, paper based material such as paperboard / cardboard. A paperboard / cardboard substrate may have interconnected to it one or more additional layers of other materials.

[0017] An example of a paperboard can is the CEKACAN™ system which may provide an inner cavity with a relatively high level of impermeability to gases (eg. air) and liquids. In addition to a paperboard substrate, the CEKACAN system may use a polyolefin laminate inner layer (such as polyethylene), and an intermediate conducting metal layer (eg. an aluminium foil layer) interconnected to and positioned between the inner layer and the paperboard substrate. Methods of application of the polyolefin layer to the aluminium foil layer include: extrusion, co-extrusion, extrusion-lamination, or adhesion-lamination. In some embodiments the three separate layers may be laminated together.

[0018] Each multi-layer sidewall blank for a CEKACAN may be foldable and/or bendable from a flat configuration into a tubular side wall configuration that may be sealed at or proximate longitudinal edges. The portions of the polyolefin laminate inner layer at the longitudinal edges may be utilized to assist in creating the longitudinal seal.

[0019] To form a CEKACAN paperboard can, the blank may be wrapped around a mandrel and butt-sealed (i.e. not overlapped) through the application of a foil-laminated tape, which may be induction sealed to the two abutting longitudinal edges of the blank. Typically, high frequency electrical current can be induced within the a metal foil tape which then heats up and melts the polyolefin layer on the sidewall causing it to be able to bond to the aluminium foil tape and causes the polyolefin layer at the abutting edges melt to create a longitudinal seal. As such there are no discontinuous joints. However, there have been difficulties in effectively and efficiently forming the tubular shape of the side wall around a mandrel and in creating a suitable longitudinal seal on the side wall. Also the machinery used to form a CEKACAN is complex and expensive.

[0020] A paperboard may also include a separate base component and a separate lid/top component. The lid/top component may include more than one sub-components.

[0021] The material used for sealing the side wall to the base may also be used to seal the base component and top/lid component to the side wall. Similarly, high frequency electrical current can be induced to flow within the aluminium foil of the side wall which then heats up and melts the polyolefin inner layer causing it to be able to bond to another material or the same material. In this way, surface of the base and/or lid components which are brought into contact with the inner polyolefin layer may become bonded to the base / lid component and provide a seal. However, there are challenges in efficiently and effectively forming gas and/or liquid seals between the inner side wall and the base and lid components.

[0022] It is therefore also desirable to provide improved composite and paperboard cans, and methods and apparatuses for forming the same. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0023] According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method for forming a container from a generally flat re-configurable blank. The method includes supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation, positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in said first orientation. While the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, rotating a second portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a blank that has a second generally tubular configuration around the outward facing surface of the blank support device.

[0024] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a container from a generally flat foldable blank. The method includes holding a first portion of a reconfigurable blank in a fixed position relative to a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device. While the first portion of the blank is in a fixed position relative to the first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, rotating a second portion of the blank with a panel rotating apparatus around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a blank that has a second generally tubular configuration, and wherein during the rotating of the second portion of the blank, the blank is held by the panel rotating apparatus at a surface side which forms an inwardly directed surface of the blank when the blank in formed into the second generally tubular configuration.

[0025] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a container from a reconfigurable blank. The method includes retaining a reconfigurable blank in a holding apparatus and applying adhesive to a surface of the blank while the blank is retained in the holding apparatus.

[0026] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a container from a re configurable blank. The system includes a blank support device having an outward facing surface, the blank support device being positioned such that in operation a first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device is located proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in the first orientation. The system may include a rotating apparatus operable such that while the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, the rotating apparatus is operable to rotate a second portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a blank that has a second generally tubular configuration around the outward surface of the blank support device.

[0027] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a container from a generally flat reconfigurable blank. The system includes a holding apparatus operable to hold a reconfigurable blank and an adhesive applicator operable to apply adhesive to a surface of the blank while the blank is held by the holding apparatus.

[0028] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a container from a generally flat foldable blank. The system includes a blank support device and a panel rotating apparatus. The blank support device having a wall with an outward facing surface, the wall having a recess configured to receive a portion of the panel rotating apparatus therein. The rotating apparatus operable to rotate at least a portion of the blank around the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a blank that has a second generally tubular configuration around the outward surface of the blank support device. The rotating apparatus being operable such that when the rotating apparatus rotates the at least a portion of the blank around the outward facing surface of the blank support device, a portion of the rotating apparatus is received in the recess and the rotating apparatus is engaged with an inwardly directed surface of the blank in the generally tubular configuration.

[0029] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a container from a generally flat foldable blank. The system includes a blank support device having a first surface oriented generally at a first orientation, a second surface oriented at a second orientation that is at a first angle to the first orientation, and a third surface oriented at a second angle to the second orientation, wherein the blank has a first portion that is operable to be positioned proximate the first surface of the blank support device at the first orientation. The system may include a rotating sub system operable to engage a second portion of the blank and rotate the second portion of the blank from the first orientation while the first portion is maintained in a position proximate the first surface of the blank support device to the second orientation such that the second portion is oriented in the second orientation that is generally at the angle to the first portion of the blank and with the second portion of the blank being positioned proximate the second surface of the blank support device. The system may also include a rotating sub-system operable to engage a third portion of the blank and rotate the third portion of the blank from the first orientation while the first portion is maintained in a position proximate the first surface of the blank support device to a third orientation, such that the third portion is oriented in a third orientation that is generally at the angle to the first portion of the carton blank and the third portion of the blank being positioned proximate the third surface of the blank support device. The system may further include a connection mechanism operable to fixedly connect the third portion of the blank and the second portion of the blank together to form a generally tubular shape blank around the blank support device, wherein in operation, the rotating sub-system rotates the second portion of the blank around the blank support device and the rotating sub-system rotates the third portion of the blank around the blank support device, and the connection mechanism fixedly connects the third portion and the second portion to form a tubular shaped blank.

[0030] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a container from a generally flat foldable blank. The method includes releasably holding a generally flat foldable blank having first, second and third portions all oriented at a first orientation, providing a mandrel having an outward facing surface, relatively positioning the first portion of the blank proximate to a first portion of surface of the mandrel, engaging second and third portions of the blank, and rotating the second and third portions of the blank from the first orientation while the first portion is maintained in a position proximate the first portion of the surface, around the mandrel into a position proximate to the surface of the mandrel, and fixedly connecting the third portion of the blank and the second portion of the blank together to form a tubular shape blank around the mandrel.

[0031] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a container from a generally flat foldable blank. The method includes releasably holding a generally flat foldable blank oriented at a first orientation in a holding apparatus and moving a blank support device having an outward facing surface to a folding station, and while moving the blank support device to the folding station, applying adhesive to a surface of the blank.

[0032] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a container from a re- configurable blank. The system includes a mandrel having an outward facing surface, the blank mandrel being positioned such that in operation a first portion of the outward facing surface of the mandrel is located and maintained proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in the first orientation and a rotating apparatus operable such that while the first portion of the blank is maintained in the first orientation, the rotating apparatus is operable to rotate a second portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the mandrel to form a blank that has a second generally tubular configuration around the outward surface of the mandrel.

[0033] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a can from a re- configurable blank. This method comprises supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation, positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in the first orientation. While the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, rotating a second portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device. While the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, rotating a third portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a third portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, to thereby form a blank that has a generally tubular side wall configuration for the can around the outward facing surface of the blank support device.

[0034] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a can from a re- configurable blank. This system comprises a blank support device having an outward facing surface, the blank support device being positioned such that in operation a first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device is located proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in the first orientation, a rotating sub-system operable such that while the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, the rotating sub-system is operable to rotate (i) a second portion of the blank from the first orientation around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, and (ii) a third portion of the blank around a third portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around the outward surface of the blank support device.

[0035] In another embodiment there is provided a blank for a can comprising a multi-layer paper based material, the blank comprises a transversely extending side wall section for forming a tubular side wall of a can, at least one opening closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall section, the at least one opening closure configured to close and opening formed by the side wall section.

[0036] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a can from a re- configurable blank, which comprises positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of the blank while the blank is in a first orientation, rotating the blank with a rotating sub-system such that while the first portion of the blank is in the first orientation, the rotating sub-system rotates (i) a second portion of the blank from the first orientation around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, and (ii) a third portion of the blank around a third portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around the outward surface of the blank support device.

[0037] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a can from a re- configurable blank, which comprises supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation, rotating a first portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, rotating a second portion of the blank from the first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, to thereby form a blank that has a generally tubular side wall configuration for the can around the outward facing surface of the blank support device.

[0038] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a can from a re- configurable blank, which comprises a blank support device having an outward facing surface, a rotating sub-system operable to rotate (i) a first portion of the blank from the first orientation around a first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, and (ii) a second portion of the blank around a second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around the outward surface of the blank support device.

[0039] In another embodiment there is provided a method for forming a can from a re- configurable blank, which comprises supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation, rotating at least a portion of the blank from the first orientation, around the outward facing surface of the blank support device, wherein during the rotating of the first portion of the blank, the blank is engaged by a rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of the blank when the blank is configured with a generally tubular side wall configuration.

[0040] In another embodiment there is provided a system for forming a can from a re- configurable blank, which comprises a blank support device having an outward facing surface, a rotating sub-system operable to rotate at least a portion of the blank from the first orientation around a portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device, wherein the system is operable such that during the rotating by the rotating sub-system of the portion of the blank, the blank is held by the rotating sub-system from a surface side which forms an inner surface of the blank when the blank is in a generally tubular sidewall configuration.

[0041] Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In the figures which illustrate by way of example only, embodiments of the present invention,

[0043] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an example RSC blank;

[0044] FIG. 2A is schematic view of an example method of forming a case from a case blank, such as the blank of FIG. 1;

[0045] FIG. 2B is another schematic view of the method of FIG. 2A;

[0046] FIG. 3 is a is a top, left front perspective view of a case forming system in a first operational position;

[0047] FIG. 4 is a lower, left front perspective view of the case forming system of FIG. 2, in a second operational position;

[0048] FIG. 5 is an upper, right front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the second operational position of FIG.4, but with some components omitted for simplicity;

[0049] FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a control system for the system of FIG. 4;

[0050] FIG. 6 is a view of the system of FIG. 4 similar to FIG. 5;

[0051] FIG. 7 is an upper, right front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a third operational position, but also with some components omitted for simplicity;

[0052] FIG. 8 is an upper, right rear perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the third operational position;

[0053] FIG. 9 is an upper, right front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a fourth operational position;

[0054] FIG. 10 is an upper, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the fourth operational position;

[0055] FIG. 11 is an upper, right front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a fifth operational position;

[0056] FIG. 12 is an upper, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the fifth operational position;

[0057] FIG. 13 is an lower, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a sixth operational position;

[0058] FIG. 14 is a lower, right front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a the sixth operational position;

[0059] FIG. 15 is an upper, right front perspective view of an upper portion of the system of

FIG.2 in the sixth operational position;

[0060] FIG. 16 is an lower, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a seventh operational position;

[0061] FIG. 17 is a lower, left side perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the seventh operational position; [0062] FIG. 18 is a lower, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in an eighth operational position;

[0063] FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of portion of the system as shown in FIG. 18, in the eighth operational position;

[0064] FIG. 20 is a lower, left rear perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in the eighth operational position;

[0065] FIG. 21 is an upper, left side perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a ninth operational position;

[0066] FIG. 22 is an upper, left front perspective view of the system of FIG.2 in a ninth operational position;

[0067] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of some components of the system of FIG.2 shown in isolation;

[0068] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of some other combination of components of the system of FIG.2 shown in isolation;

[0069] FIG. 25 is another perspective view of some combination of components of the system of FIG.2 shown in isolation;

[0070] FIG. 26 is a top plan view of an alternate blank;

[0071] FIG. 27 is schematic view of an alternate example method of forming a case from a case blank;

[0072] FIG. 28 is an upper, left front perspective schematic view of an alternate case forming system in a first operational position;

[0073] FIG. 29 is an upper, right front perspective view of the case forming system of FIG.

28, in a second operational position;

[0074] FIG. 30 is an upper, right front perspective view of the case forming system of FIG. 28, in a third operational position;

[0075] FIG. 31 is an upper, right front perspective view of the case forming system of FIG.

28, in a fourth operational position;

[0076] FIG. 32 is an upper, perspective view of some components of the case forming system of FIG. 28 shown in isolation;

[0077] FIG. 33 is a top plan view of an example blank for a can;

[0078] FIG. 33A is a top plan view of an alternate blank for a can;

[0079] FIG. 33B is a top plan view of another alternate blank for a can; [0080] FIG. 33C is a top plan view of another alternate blank for a can;

[0081] FIG. 33D is a top plan view of another alternate blank for a can;

[0082] FIG. 34 is schematic view of an example method of forming a can from a can blank, such as the blank of FIG. 33;

[0083] FIG. 35 is schematic view of an example method of forming a can from a can blank, such as the blank of FIG. 33A;

[0084] FIG. 36 is an upper, left front side perspective view of part of a can forming system in an operational position;

[0085] FIG. 36A is an upper, right rear perspective view of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position;

[0086] FIG. 36B is an upper, right side perspective view of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position;

[0087] FIG. 36C is an upper, right side perspective view of part of the can forming system of

FIG. 36 in another operational position;

[0088] FIG. 37 is an upper, rear perspective view of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position;

[0089] FIG. 38 is an upper left front side perspective view of part of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in another operational position;

[0090] FIG. 39 is an upper left rear perspective view of part of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in the same operational position as FIG. 38;

[0091] FIG. 40 is an upper left front perspective view of part of the can forming system of

FIG. 36 in another operational position;

[0092] FIG. 41 is an upper left front perspective view of part of the can forming system of

FIG. 36 in the same operational position as FIG. 40;

[0093] FIG. 42 is an upper, left front side perspective view of part of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position;

[0094] FIG. 43 is a left front side perspective view of part of the can forming system of FIG.

36 in an operational position;

[0095] FIG. 44 is a right rear side perspective view of a lower part of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position;

[0096] FIG. 45 is a lower right rear side perspective view of the lower part of the can forming system shown in FIG. 44 in an operational position; [0097] FIG. 46 is a lower right rear perspective view of the lower part of the can forming system shown in FIG. 45 in an operational position;

[0098] FIG. 47 is an upper right front perspective view of the lower part of the can forming system shown in FIG. 46 in an operational position;

[0099] FIG. 48 is an upper left perspective view of the lower part of the can forming system shown in FIG. 47 in an operational position;

[00100] FIG. 49 is an upper right front perspective view of the lower part of the can forming system shown in FIG. 47 in another operational position;

[00101] FIG. 50 is an upper left front perspective view of the part of the can forming system of FIG. 36 in an operational position; and

[00102] FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram of a control system for the can forming system of FIGS

36-50.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[00103] With reference to Figure 1, a flat case blank 1000, such as a case blank that is suitable to form an RSC case is shown. A case blank as contemplated herein may be made from a material and/or be formed in a way that is flexible so that it may be oriented and configured from a generally flat shape to a generally tubular shape positioned around the outer surface of a blank support device referred to herein as a blank support device, as will be described hereinafter. The case blank may thereafter be reconfigured to form a case with an opening to receive one or more items. For example a case blank 1000 may have minor side wall panels A and C and major side wall panels B and D. Minor side wall panel A may be located adjacent to and joined at a vertical side edge along a fold line (all fold lines shown in broken lines in Figure 1) to a vertical side edge of major side wall panel B. Major side wall panel B may be located adjacent to and joined at an opposite vertical side edge along a fold line to a vertical side edge of minor side wall panel C. Minor side wall panel C may be located adjacent to and joined at an opposite vertical side edge along a fold line to a side edge of major side wall panel D. A side sealing panel E may also be provided adjacent and joined along a fold line to an opposite vertical side edge to major side wall panel D.

[00104] Case blank 1000 may also have lower minor panels J and G and lower major panels FI and F, joined at transverse side edges along fold lines, to respective minor side wall panels A and C and major side wall panels B and D. Case blank 1000 may also have upper minor panels K and M and upper major panels L and N, joined at opposite transverse side edges along fold lines, to respective minor side wall panels A and C and major side wall panels B and D. Flowever, in other embodiments, case blanks having other panel configurations can be formed into cases ready to be loaded using the methods and apparatuses disclosed hereinafter.

[00105] As indicated, the panels may be fixedly connected to and/or integrally formed with, adjacent panels by/along predetermined fold lines. These fold lines may be formed by a weakened area of material and /or the formation of a crease with a crease forming apparatus. The effect of the fold line is such that when one panel such as for example panel C is bent relative to an adjacent panel D, the panels C and D will tend to be pivoted relative to each other along the common fold line.

[00106] As will be described hereinafter, the major and minor side wall panels A, B, C and D, and the lower major and minor panels F, G, H and J, may be folded and sealed to form a desired open top case configuration that can be delivered to a case discharge conveyor. The sealing of specific panels together can in various embodiments be made with any suitable connection mechanism (such as for example with application of an adhesive or in some alternate embodiments, a mechanical connection such as for example is provided in so-called "click-lock" case blanks) so as to interconnect panel surfaces, to join or otherwise interconnect, panels to adjacent panels, to hold the case in its desired configuration.

[00107] Case blanks 1000 may be made of any suitable material(s) configured and adapted to permit the required folding/bending/displacement of the material to reach the desired configuration yet also meet the particular structural requirements for holding one or more items. Examples of suitable materials are cardboard or creased corrugated fiber board. It should be noted that the blank may be formed of a material which itself is rigid or semi-rigid, and not per se easily foldable but which is divided into separate panels separated by creases or hinge type mechanisms so that the carton can be formed.

[00108] With reference now to Figures 2A and 2B, an example sequence of steps 1000(1) to

1000(10) are shown of folding and sealing a flat RSC blank 1000 to from an open top RSC case that is suitable for top loading of items/other cases.

[00109] A plurality of case blanks may be presented 1000(1) in a stacked arrangement with the blanks each configured in a generally flat and planar configuration. A particular individual case blank 1000 may be identified at / selected from the front of the stack of blanks for processing 1000(2). In a first folding step 1000(3) side wall panel C along with its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels M and G along with major side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, along with sealing panel E, can all be rotated together from the orientation shown at 1000(2), 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels B and C, to the configuration as shown at 1000(3). In the next folding step 1000(4), side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, and sealing panel E, are all rotated together counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels D and C, to the configuration shown in Figures 2A and 2B at 1000(4).

[00110] In the next folding step 1000(5), sealing panel E is rotated counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between sealing panel E and side wall panel D to the configuration shown at 1000(5). In the next folding step, minor side wall panel A and its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels K and J, are all rotated together clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels A and B, to the configuration shown in Figures 2A and 2B at 1000(6), and wherein an upper surface of sealing panel E engages with part of the lower surface of side wall panel A. Adhesive or other connection mechanism may be provided, such as adhesive line 1005 (see FIG. 1), for example between opposing surfaces of sealing panel E and side wall panel A, such that sealing panel E may engage and become permanently connected to minor side wall panel A. The result at the end of this step, as depicted at 1000(6), case blank 1000 is formed into a generally rectangular shaped tube. While not shown in Figures 2A and 2B, folding steps from case blank orientations depicted at 1000(3) to 1000(6) may be carried out in such manner the panels are wrapped about a centrally positioned blank support device, as is described hereinafter.

[00111] The remaining steps to configurations shown from 1000(7) to 1000(10) as illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B represent a sequence of steps that may be utilized to close and seal the lower major and minor panels, F, FI and G, J respectively to close and seal the bottom of the case blank 1000 to form an RSC case with an open top.

[00112] In the next step, as depicted at 1000(7), the tubular shaped case blank 1000 may be moved vertically downwards to a second vertical location, at which the lower major panels F and FI may be rotated outwards, about their respective horizontally oriented fold lines with respective major side panels D and B. The amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be no interference with the subsequent inward rotation of lower minor panels G and J and no contact is made with adhesive that may be on an inward surfaces of lower major panels F and FI, such as respective adhesive lines 1001, 1002 and 1003, 1004 (Figure 1). By way of example only, the amount of outward rotation of lower minor panels G and J from vertical planar alignment with their respective adjacent lower major side wall panels D and B may be about 45 degrees. [00113] In the next step, as depicted at 1000(8), lower minor panels G and J are rotated inwardly, preferably about 90 degrees, about their respective horizontally oriented fold lines with respective major side wall panels C and A.

[00114] In the next step, as depicted at 1000(9), lower major panels F and H may be rotated inwards, about their respective horizontally oriented fold lines with respective major side panels D and B. The amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be contact between inner surfaces of lower major panels of lower major panels F and FI and the outer surfaces of lower minor panels G and J.

[00115] Adhesive or other connection mechanism may be provided on the inner surfaces of lower major panels F and FI so that these panels engage with, and become fixedly connected to the outward adjacent surfaces of lower minor panels G and J. For example, adhesive lines 1001, 1002, and 1003, 1004 (Figure 1) may be on the inward surfaces of lower major panels F and FI and may make contact with the outward surfaces of lower minor panels G and J and provide for a fixed connection.

[00116] The result at the end of step, as depicted at 1000(9), case blank 1000 is formed into a generally cuboid shaped, open top case.

[00117] In the final step, as depicted at 1000(10), case blank 1000 may be moved away to another location, and may be subsequently filled with one or more items/other cases and thereafter the upper major panels N and L, may be folded about 90 degrees along with upper minor panels M and K, to close and seal the completed case.

[00118] With reference now to Figures 3-5, in overview, a case forming system 100 may include a magazine 110 adapted to hold a plurality of case blanks 1000 (only one or two case blanks 1000 are shown for clarity in Figures 3-5) in a substantially flat orientation such as is shown in Figures 2A and 2B. System 100 may also include a case blank support apparatus (also referred to herein as a mandrel apparatus) 120 and a panel rotating sub-system 134 (designated in Figure 4). As will become evident from the description that follows, panel rotating sub-system 134 may be configured in some example embodiments of the system to engage a blank on an outward facing surface of the blank as the bank is held in the magazine 100 and rotate the blank 1000 around a case blank support device 137 of case blank support apparatus 120 in such a manner that the blank surface that is engaged becomes an inner surface of a tubular shaped and formed case blank.

[00119] Panel rotating sub-system 134 may utilize one or more panel rotating apparatuses in order to rotate one or more panels of a blank such as blank 1000 relative to each other. For example, panel rotating apparatus 134 may include a first panel rotating apparatus 124. Panel rotating sub system may also include a second panel folding apparatus 130, and may also include a third panel rotating apparatus 131. Panel rotating sub-system 134 may also include a fourth panel rotating apparatus 138. Case forming system 100 may also include an adhesive applicator apparatus 135, a support frame 140 and a vertical mandrel movement apparatus 136 (designated generally in Figure 8).

[00120] The operation of the components of carton forming system 100 may be controlled by a controller such as a programmable logic controller ("PLC") 132 (such as for example as shown schematically in Figures 3 and 5A). PLC 132 may be in communication with and control all the components of system 100, in a manner such as is depicted schematically in Figure 5A and may also control other components associated therewith such as conveyor 102. PLC 132 may for example be a model from the Compact Logix PLC family made by Allen-Bradley. Additionally PLC 132 may include a Human-Machine-lnterface (HMI) such as the Allen Bradley Panelview 700 plus colour touch screen graphic workstation so that the operation of system 100 can be monitored, started, operated, controlled, stopped, modified for different mandrel / case blank configurations, by an operator using a touch screen panel.

[00121] A generally vertically oriented support frame 140 may support vertical blank support device apparatus (mandrel movement apparatus) 136 for vertical upward and downwards movement. It should be noted however, that while system 100 is generally oriented for vertical movement of the mandrel movement apparatus 136, other orientations can be utilized in other embodiments.

[00122] Mandrel movement apparatus 136 may include a generally vertically oriented linear rail 142 (Figure 8) which may support for sliding upward and downward sliding vertical movement a carriage block 144 (Figure 5). It should be noted that in Figures 5, 6 and 7, for simplicity, support frame 140 and linear rail 142 have been omitted. The movement of carriage block 144 on linear rail 142 may be driven by a drive belt (not shown) interconnected to carriage block 144 and supported by vertical support frame 140. The drive belt (not shown) may be interconnected to, and driven by, a servo drive motor 145, mounted at an upper end portion of vertical support frame 140. An encoder (not shown) may be associated with servo drive motor 145 and the encoder and servo drive motor 145 may be in communication with PLC 132. In this way, PLC 132 on receiving signals from the encoder may be able to monitor and control the vertical position of carriage block 144 (and the components interconnected thereto) by appropriately controlling and operating servo motor 145. [00123] Magazine 110 may be configured to hold a plurality of case blanks 1000 in a stacked, vertically and transversely oriented, flat configuration on their bottom edges (see Figure 10). Many different types and./or constructions of a suitable magazine 110 might be employed in system 100. Magazine 100 may be configured to hold a plurality of case blanks 1000 that may be held in a longitudinally extending, stacked arrangement. Magazine 110 is adapted to present an outward facing surface of a plurality of case blanks 1000, individually in turn. Magazine 110 may comprise a large number of case blanks 1000 held in a generally vertically and transversely oriented, longitudinally extending, case blank stack by side walls 114a, 114b (Figure 3). In this configuration where case blanks 1000 are individually and selectively retrieved in series from the front of a stack of generally flat blanks, the stack of case blanks 1000 in the magazine can be moved forward by longitudinally oriented conveyors 113a, 113b each having a first set of longitudinally oriented conveyor belts 112 driven by a motor which is also controlled by PLC 132. The purpose of moving the stack of blanks 1000 forward is so that the outward facing surface of major panel B, of the most forward case blank 1000 in the stack, is positioned and held close to or against an outer generally adjacent surface of the mandrel 137. This enables first panel rotating apparatus 124 (Figure 3) and second panel rotating apparatus 130 (Figure 5), to be able to engage the other exposed outward facing surfaces of panels of the forward most case blank 1000 in the stack held in magazine 110, as described further hereinafter. Additionally, a back pressure device 165 (only shown schematically in Figures 8 and 10) may be provided that can apply a back pressure against the case blank stack in a longitudinal direction toward the front of the magazine, of a magnitude and direction sufficient to keep the stack upright and prevent it from falling longitudinally backwards as the case blank stack on conveyors 113a, 113b is indexed longitudinally forward to maintain the next case blank 1100 at the front of the stack securely in a pick-up position.

[00124] Selected panels of the forward most blank may be pulled away from holding clips associated with magazine 110 by first panel rotating apparatus 124 and second panel rotating apparatus 130 from retention by magazine 110 then rotated (wrapped) around mandrel 137 of mandrel apparatus 120. As case blanks 1000 are taken from magazine 110 and formed, PLC 132 may cause the conveyor 112 of magazine 110 to move the entire stack forward sequentially so that the most forward case blank 1000 has its the outward facing surface of major panel B positioned against or very close to adjacent outer rear vertically and transversely oriented surface of mandrel 137. A sensor (not shown) in communication with PLC 132 may be provided to monitor the level of case blanks 1000 in magazine 110 during operation of case forming system 110. Magazine 110 can be loaded with additional flat case blanks 1000 at the rear of the magazine.

[00125] Magazine 110 may have a magazine frame generally designated 127. Magazine 110 may include a conveyor system to move flat case blanks sequentially to a pick-up position. A wide variety of conveyor systems or other case blank movement systems may be employed. By way of example, conveyor system may include a pair of spaced conveyors 113a, 113b mounted to frame 127, each conveyor 113a, 113b having a generally horizontal floor plate 115. Conveyors 113a, 113b, may be longitudinally spaced from each other, and be oriented generally longitudinally, and generally parallel to each other. Each conveyor 113a, 113b, may be operated to move longitudinally together to move case blanks 1100 in a stack of blanks forward in the magazine, while being maintained in a generally transverse and vertical orientation.

[00126] Each conveyor 113a, 113b, may in some embodiments be divided into a rear conveyor portion 191 (Figure 8) and a forward conveyor portion 193 (Figure 8). Rear conveyor portion 191 may have a plurality of continuous conveyor belts 112. Continuous belts 112 may be oriented longitudinally parallel to each other and be supported for longitudinal movement at opposite ends by opposed sets of drive pulleys 117 and idler wheels 177. Belts 112 of the rear portions of each conveyor 113a, 113b may be driven by drive pulleys 117 (Figure 8 and 19). Drive pulleys 117 may be interconnected to a drive motor 178b (that may be a DC motor operated by PLC 132) through a drive mechanism comprising drive gears 172 (Figure 19) and drive chains 176 (only partially shown in Figure 19) connected to driven wheels 179 that are fixed to drive shaft 173. Thus drive shaft 173 may be driven by drive motor 178b that is in communication with, and controlled by PLC 132. An encoder may be provided to monitor and control the position of the drive belts 112.

[00127] Each forward conveyor portion 193 (Figure 8) of conveyors 113a, 113b may utilize conveyor chains 174 which may also move / intermittently index blanks to the pick-up position of the magazine as described herein. A similar drive mechanism as the rear conveyor portions 191 may be provided for forward conveyor portion 193 on each conveyor. For example a motor 178a such as a DC motor in communication with PLC 132 may be inter connected to driven wheels 175 (Figure 19) which may be fixedly attached to drive shaft 128. Driven wheels 175 may be inter-connected with driven conveyor chains 174 (Figure 8) which are supported also at opposite end by wheels. Thus by controlled operation of motor 178a, conveyor chains 174 may move blanks supported thereon and transferred from rear conveyor portion 191, to the pick-up position on front conveyor portion 193.

[00128] Blanks 1000 in the stack supported on belts 112 in conveyors 113a, 113b, may be moved forward by belts 112 and then be transferred to conveyor chains 174. Conveyor chains 174 may move together longitudinally to move a forward group of blanks into the pick-up position. A back pressure device 165 (shown only schematically in Figure 8) may be provided to keep a low level of pressure acting in a forward direction on the rear of the stack of case blanks (see Figure 10). This can prevent some or all of the blanks in the stack from falling backwards as they are indexed forward.

[00129] Electronic sensors (not shown) in communication with PLC 132 may be positioned to monitor the stack of blanks and ensure that a blank 1000 at the front of the stack of blanks is properly positioned at the pick-up position.

[00130] Conveyor belts 112 and conveyor chains 174 of both conveyors 113a, 113b may be oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other and the belts of each conveyor 113a, 113b may be synchronized to move intermittently together at the same speed driven by drive motors 178a, 178b. The top run portions of conveyor belts 112 of conveyors 113a, 113b may be supported on the upper surface of floor plates 115 of magazine 110 and the bottom edges of the case blanks 1000 in the stack of case blanks may rest on top of the upper runs of the drive belts 112. Similarly conveyor chains 174 may be oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other and may be synchronized to move intermittently together at the same speed driven by drive motor 178a. The top run portions of conveyor belts 112 of conveyors 113a, 113b may be supported on the upper surface of floor plates 115 of magazine 110 and the bottom edges of the case blanks 1000 in the stack of case blanks may rest on top of the upper runs of the drive belts 112.

[00131] Conveyors 113a, 113b may thus be operable to move a vertically and transversely oriented stack of flat case blanks 1000 sequentially longitudinally forward under the control of PLC 132, so that single case blanks 1000 may be sequentially placed in the pick-up position to be retrieved in series from the stack for processing by first panel rotating apparatus 124.

[00132] The stack of case blanks 1000 may be supported at vertically oriented side edges by longitudinally and vertically oriented side wall plates 114a, 114b that may be spaced apart from each other and oriented generally parallel to each other. One or both of side wall plates 114a, 114b may be mounted on transversely oriented and movable rods 126 that are supported on magazine frame 127. Actuation of rods 126 may be made by any suitable mechanism such as by way of example only, servo drive motors with appropriate drive shafts and gear mechanisms or a hand operated gear and crank shaft mechanism. Side wall plates 114a, 114b serve to guide the case blanks within magazine 110 and can be accurately adjusted to be in close proximity to or contact with the particular case blank size that is being handled at a particular time. This adjustability of the relative transverse spacing of side walls 114a, 114 allows for case blanks of different configurations to be easily held in magazine 110 for processing as described herein.

[00133] Clip mechanisms llla-d (Figures 4 and 5) may be provided to releasably hold each case blank 1000 that is at the front of the stack within magazine 110, and thus hold the stack in place. When first panel rotating mechanism 124 and second panel rotating mechanism 130 selectively engage panels D/F and A respectively, as described hereinafter, clip mechanisms 111a (Figure 4), and 111b (Figure 5) and llld allow for the engaged panels E/D/F/N and A/K/J of the front case blanks 1000 in the stack to be pulled away from the same corresponding panels on the case blank immediately behind the front case blank in the stack held in the magazine. Also, clip mechanisms 111c (Figure 5) will hold panels H, B and L, in magazine 110 while the other panels are being wrapped around the mandrel 137, but will then allow for the release of panels H, B and L to allow the remaining portion of case blank 1000 to be removed from being held by magazine and moved vertically downward once the case blank 1000 at the front of the stack is engaged by second panel rotating apparatus 130 and mandrel 137 moves vertically downwards, all as described further hereinafter.

[00134] First panel rotating apparatus 124 may be one of numerous types of robotic systems, but a particularly useful and efficient type of robotic system that may be employed is a Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (referred to as a "SCARA") device. By way of example, first panel rotating apparatus 124 may be a SCARA robot made by Epson Robots, Motoman or Fanuc. First panel rotating apparatus 124 may be capable of intermittent motion, as will be evident from this description.

[00135] With particular reference to Figures 3-6, first panel rotating apparatus 124 may be secured to a fixed, longitudinally oriented robot support member 158 proximate a first end thereof. An opposite end of longitudinal robot support member 158 may be secured to an end portion of a fixed, transversely oriented robot support member 156. The opposite end portion of transverse robot support member 156 may be fixedly mounted to vertical support frame 140.

[00136] First panel rotating apparatus 124 may include a first rotational drive unit 160 having one upper end fixedly mounted to longitudinal robot support member 158. Extending from an opposite lower end of first rotation drive unit 160 is a first rotational drive that may comprise a drive shaft (not shown) that is operable for rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise about a first vertical axis of rotation Y1 (Figure 3). The drive shaft of first rotation drive unit 160 is operably connected to a first end portion 162a (Figure 4) of a first articulating arm 162. Thus, when rotational drive unit 160, under the control of PLC 132, causes the drive shaft of first rotation drive unit 160 to rotate, first articulating arm 162 is able to pivot clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the drive shaft about vertical axis Yl, depending upon the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

[00137] A second rotational drive unit 169 may be mounted at or proximate a second opposite end portion 162b (Figure 5) of articulating arm 162. Rotational drive unit 169 may include a second rotational drive 164 (Figure 5) that has a drive shaft (not shown) that is operable for rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise about a second vertical axis of rotation Y2 (Figure 5) under the control of PLC 132. The drive shaft of rotational drive 164 may be located proximate a first end portion 169a of rotational drive unit 169. The drive shaft of rotational drive 164 is fixedly connected to opposite end portion 162b of first articulating arm 162.

[00138] When rotational drive unit 169, under the control of PLC 132, causes the drive shaft of rotational drive 164 to rotate relative to rotational drive unit 169 about axis Y2 (Figure 5), and thus rotational drive 164 along with rotational drive unit 169 can rotate clockwise and anti-clockwise relative to first articulating arm 162 about the drive shaft of rotational drive 164 and thus about vertical axis Y2.

[00139] Rotational drive unit 169 may also have an opposite end portion 169b at which may be another vertical drive shaft 163 (Figure 5) which is operable for clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation by a third rotational drive 167, under the control of PLC 132, about vertical axis Y3. Mounted to drive shaft 163 of second rotational drive 164 is an end effector rod 166 formed in a generally tubular cylinder and having suction cups 168.

[00140] Air suction cupsl68 may be interconnected through hoses passing through cavities in end effector 166, second rotational drive 164, articulating arm 162, first rotational drive 160 and robot support members 158, 156 and vertical support frame 140 to a source of vacuum by providing for an air channel through the aforesaid components. The supply of vacuum to suction cups 168 may be provided by a pressurized air distribution unit generally designated 227 (Figure 5A). Air distribution unit 227 may include a plurality of valves that may be operated by PLC 132 and may also include local vacuum generator apparatuses that may be in close proximity to, or integrated as part of, suction cups 168. In other embodiments, a vacuum pump mounted externally may generate vacuum externally and then vacuum can be supplied through the aforementioned air channels. If local vacuum generators are utilized, pressurized air may be delivered from an external source through air distribution unit 227 to the vacuum generators. The local vacuum generators may then convert the pressurized air to vacuum that can then be delivered to suction cups 168.

[00141] The air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups 168 will be sufficient so that when activated they can engage and hold panel D, and rotate panels D (along with panels F, N, E and M, C and G) of a case blank 1000 from (i) the position shown in Figure 3 to (ii) the position shown in Figures 5 and 6, and thereafter (iii) to the position shown in Figures 7 and 8 and then (iv) after releasing a first engaged blank 1000, eventually return to the position shown in Figure 3 to engage a next case blank 1000 positioned at the pick-up position in magazine 110. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 168 can be activated and de-activated by PLC 132 through operation of air distribution unit 227.

[00142] First rotating apparatus 124 may be readily adjustable for different types/configurations of mandrel apparatuses 120, including mandrels 137, for forming different types/configurations of case blanks 1000 into cases by suitable programming of PLC 132 appropriately to provide for appropriate movements of the suctions cups 168 through movement of the first rotational drive 160 and second rotational drive 164 and third rotational drive 167. Thus by an interchange of mandrel 137 to provide for alternate configurations of the mandrel side wall and bottom walls, PLC 132 and its operation of first rotating apparatus 124 may be appropriately programmed and thus different sized and configurations of blanks may be processed.

[00143] Mandrel apparatus 120 may have several components including a mandrel 137

(Figure 3) and a mandrel support apparatus generally designated 148 (Figures 5 and 7). Mandrel 137 may be easily removable from mandrel support apparatus 148, so that a mandrel of one configuration may be easily replaced with a mandrel of another configuration. With particular reference to Figures 5-6 and Figures 23-25, mandrel 137 may comprise a pair of opposed, spaced, vertically and transversely oriented, spaced, major side walls 121a, 121b interconnected with a pair of opposed, spaced, vertically and longitudinally oriented, spaced, minor side walls 122a, 122b. A generally horizontally and transversely oriented bottom wall 118 is interconnected to major and minor side walls 121a, 121b, 122, 122b to form a generally cuboid, open top, box shape. Mandrel 12 may be generally configured in a variety of different sizes and shapes, each selected for the particular type of case blank 1000 that are to be formed into cases.

[00144] The dimensions of the outer surfaces of mandrel 137 may be selected so that the specific case blank 1000 that it is desired to fold has, during the forming process, fold lines that are located substantially at or along the four corner vertical side edges and the four corner horizontal bottom edges of mandrel 137. Such a selection may improve the performance of case forming system 100 in creating a formed case that is ready for loading with items. Mandrel 137, and surrounding components in system 100, may be configured to permit for the easy interchange of mandrels 137 so that case forming system 100 can be readily adapted to forming differently sized / shaped cases from differently configured case blanks 1000.

[00145] Front mandrel side wall 121a may be provided with a vertical slot 123 that may be configured to permit part of end effector 166 and suction cups 168 to move from the position shown in Figures 5 and 6, and pass through slot 123 to the position shown in Figures 7 and 8. By allowing the end effector 166 to pass through vertical slot 123, end effector 166 and suction cups 168 may engage the outer surface of the major side panel D of case blank 1000 when it is held in magazine 110 and then may wrap the case blank around the mandrel 137 such that the surface being held becomes an inner surface of the tubular formed case blank and major side panel D may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of major side wall 121a of mandrel 137, as shown.

[00146] With particular reference to Figures 23-25, rear mandrel side wall 121b may not extend transversely the full length of bottom wall 118 and may have a vertical end edge 171 that defines an opening 170. Mounted to an inward surface of rear side wall 121b may be a releasable mandrel mounting bracket unit 125. Mandrel mounting unit 125 may be configured to releasably connect a transversely extending mandrel mounting plate 155 to mandrel rear side wall 121b, such as having mounting plate 155 be received into slot 161 in mounting bracket unit 125, with the plate being releasably held in the slot by a screw of the mounting bracket unit being removably receivable in a threaded aperture 159 of the mounting plate 155. It will be noted that by simple transverse movement of mandrel 137 relative to mounting plate 155 one mandrel 137 may be replaced by another mandrel 137 of a different configuration.

[00147] Horizontally and vertically oriented mounting plate 155 can be fixedly connected to an end of vertical mandrel support member 154. A lower portion of mandrel support member 154 may also serves to complete the rear side wall of mandrel 137, when mandrel mounting plate 155 is received into mounting bracket unit 125.

[00148] Mounted to an inner surface of mandrel mounting plate 155 is second panel rotating apparatus 130. With particular reference to Figures 23 and 24, second panel rotating apparatus 130 may include a double acting pneumatic cylinder device 180 which may for example be one of several different types made by Festo.

[00149] Pneumatic cylinder 180 may be supplied with pressurized air controlled by valves (not shown) operated by PLC 132. Pneumatic cylinder 180 may have a piston arm 181 that has an end pivotally connected to a suction cup arm 182. Suction cup arm 182 may be provided with suction cups 183. Air suction cups 183 may be interconnected through hoses passing through cavities (not shown) in suction cup support arm 182, first vertical support member 154, longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 152, second vertical mandrel support member 150 and longitudinally oriented and carriage support arm 146 and carriage 144 to a source of vacuum by providing for one or more air channels carrying pressurized air through the aforesaid components. The supply vacuum to suction cups 183 may be controlled by pressurized air distribution unit generally designated 227 (Figure 5A). Air distribution unit 227 may include a plurality of valves that may be operated by PLC 132 and may also include local vacuum generator apparatuses that may be in close proximity to, or integrate as part of, suction cups 168. In other embodiments, a vacuum pump may generate vacuum externally and then vacuum can be supplied through the aforementioned air channels. If local vacuum generators are utilized in close proximity to vacuum cups 183, pressurized air may be delivered from an external source through air distribution unit 227 to the vacuum generators. The local vacuum generators will then convert the pressurized air to vacuum that can then be delivered to suction cups 183.

[00150] The air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups 183 will be sufficient so that when activated they can engage and hold panel A, and rotate panels K, A and

J of a case blank 1000 past clip mechanisms 111b and llld, from the position shown in Figures 5-9 to initially the positon shown in Figure 11, and then, once the case blank 1000 is released, eventually return to the position shown in Figure 5. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 183 can be activated and de-activated by PLC 132 through operation of unit 227.

[00151] When PLC 132 causes pneumatic cylinder 180 to extend piston arm 181, such cup arm 182 with suction cups 183 can rotate about a pivot device 184 through a longitudinally and vertically extending opening 119 in mandrel side wall 122a (see for example Figure 9) and can then suction cups 183 can engage an outward facing surface of a panel A of case blank 1000.

[00152] It may be appreciated that the end effector 166 engages an outward facing surface of a case blank 1000 held in a pick-up position in the magazine 110. However, by allowing end effector

166 with suction cups 168 to pass into a recess in the wall, and in this embodiment shown, through vertical slot 123 in mandrel 137, and allowing suction cup arm 182 to pass through opening 119 in mandrel 137, and then move their respective suction cups to appropriate positions at least partially within the respective slot 123 and opening 119, enables the first panel rotating apparatus 124 and second panel rotating apparatus 130 to in effect wrap the case blank around the outer surfaces of 122a-122d of mandrel 127 by engaging only what become the inward facing vertical surfaces of the tubular case blank formed from case blank 1000 (ie. the case blank 1000 is wrapped around the mandrel by engaging what become inward facing surfaces of the tubular shaped case blank 1000.

[00153] Horizontally and vertically oriented mounting plate 155 may be fixedly connected at an outer end to a lower end portion of vertical mandrel support member 154. An opposite, upper end of vertical mandrel support member 154 may be fixedly connected to a first end of a longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 152. An opposite second end of longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 152 may be fixedly connected to a first end of a second vertical mandrel support member 150. A second opposite end of second vertical mandrel support member 150 is fixedly attached to a first end of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 146. Proximate the connection location of mandrel support member 150 and carriage arm 146 may be mounted to opposite outer surfaces of vertical mandrel support member 150, a pair of spaced and opposed, longitudinally oriented support blocks 147a, 147b (see Figure 25).

[00154] Mandrel side wall 121b, with its mounting plate 125 can facilitate the support of mandrel 137 on mandrel support frame 148 that includes mounting block plate 155, first vertical support member 154, longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 152, second vertical mandrel support member 150 with longitudinally oriented support blocks 147a, 147b, and carriage arm 146.

[00155] With reference to Figures 5 and 24, as noted above, vertical mandrel support member 150 is fixedly attached at is upper end portion to a first end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 146. The opposite end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 146 is fixedly connected to carriage block 144. Carriage block 144 is attached for sliding vertical upward and downward movement on a vertically oriented linear rail 142. Linear rail 142 may for example be a linear rail device of many types made by Bosch Rexroth AG, and provides a vertical movement apparatus 136 for mandrel apparatus 120 and the mandrel supporting members.

[00156] Linear rail 142 may be mounted to vertical support frame 140. Linear rail 142 may have a carriage drive mechanism 198 (Figures 8 and 2) which is operable under the control of PLC 132 to move the carriage 144 and thus also mandrel 137 vertically upwards and downwards within a range of movement as required for completing the case forming operations described herein.

[00157] First vertical support member 154, longitudinally oriented mandrel support member

152, second vertical mandrel support member 150 and longitudinally oriented and carriage support arm 146 and carriage 144 may be appropriately configured to permit electrical and communication cables and pressurized air /vacuum air hoses to pass through from an upper end to a lower end where operational components of mandrel apparatus 120 are located. In this way, electrical power/communication cable and air hoses can deliver power, electrical signals and pressurized air / vacuum to the mandrel 137 and second panel rotating apparatus 130 which is mounted on mandrel 137.

[00158] It will also be appreciated that in first panel rotation apparatus 124 and second panel rotating apparatus 130, suction cups are used to apply a force to hold and move panels of a case blank 1000. However alternative engagement mechanisms to suction cups could be employed in other embodiments to engage, hold and rotate panels of case blanks 1000.

[00159] With particular reference now to Figures 8 and 20, linear rail 142 may include carriage drive mechanism 198 that is operable to drive carriage 144 vertically upwards and downwards on line rail 142. Carriage drive mechanism 198 may include a continuous vertically oriented drive belt 143 that extends between an idler wheel 141 and a drive wheel 139. Drive wheel 139 may be driven in both rotational directions and at varying speeds by the drive shaft of a servo drive motor 145. The operation of drive motor 145 may be controlled by PLC 132 in combination with a position sensing apparatus such as an encoder (not shown) associated with drive motor 145 so that PLC 132 can determine when and how to operate drive motor 145 to appropriately position the drive belts 143a, 143b and thus move carriage 144 upwards and downwards, consequently also moving mandrel 137 and adhesive applicators 133a-e upwards and downwards. Drive motor 145 may be mounted at an upper end portion of support frame 140. Carriage 144 may be interconnected to drive belt 143 with a connection mechanism that may include opposed side connector plates 205 (Figures 20 and 21).

[00160] Also associated with vertical moving apparatus 136 may be a caterpillar device 189

(Figure 9). Caterpillar 189 has a hollow cavity extending along its length. Within the cavity of caterpillar 189 hoses carrying pressurized air / vacuum and electrical / communication wires can be housed. Caterpillar 189 allows such hoses and wires to move vertically as the mandrel support components and thus mandrel 137 are moved vertically by vertical moving apparatus 136. The hoses and wires may extend from external sources to enter at an inlet of caterpillar 189 mounted to vertical support frame 140 and emerging at an outlet on carriage arm 146. Upon leaving the outlet of caterpillar 189, the hoses and wires may pass into the internal cavity of carriage arm 146 (see Figure 9). An example of a suitable caterpillar device that could be employed is the E-Chain Cable Carrier System made by Igus Inc.

[00161] Also mounted for vertical upwards and downwards movement with mandrel apparatus 120 is an adhesive applicator apparatus 135. Adhesive applicator apparatus 135 may include a transversely oriented support beam 149 to which may be mounted a plurality of adhesive applicators 133a to 133e (Figure 3). Adhesive applicators 133a-e may be provided with nozzles 153 (Figure 8) Individual adhesive applicators 133a to 133e can be appropriately positioned transversely along support beam 149 such that adhesive applicators 133a-e can provide a suitable adhesive pattern to the outward facing surface of a case blank 1000 and certain panels thereof, held at the front of magazine 110 in the pick-up position. The operation of each adhesive applicator 133a-e may be controlled by PLC 132 by for example suitable wire connections that pass through caterpillar 189 and other components of mandrel apparatus 120. Applicators 133a-e can apply a suitable adhesive to various panel surfaces of a bank 1000 held in magazine 110 so that when the panels are folded as described herein, the panels and flaps can be held in the desired carton configuration.

[00162] An example of a suitable adhesive applicator apparatus 135 that can be employed is the model ProBlue 4 hot melt application system made by Nordson Inc. which includes adhesive tank, nozzles/guns and hoses as well as solid state temperature control for the tank, guns and hoses. The operation of adhesive applicator apparatus 134 may be monitored and controlled by PLC 132.

[00163] Various types of adhesives may be employed in case forming system 100. A particular class of adhesives that may be suitable are adhesives in the class of "Hot Melt Adhesives" (referred to as a "FIMA"). FIMAs may be a thermoplastic adhesive / glue which may be heated in an applicator such as applicators 133a-e by respective heating elements and then expelled from the applicators while hot and tacky onto surfaces which are to be adhered to other surfaces. Depending upon the particular formulation of the FIMA selected, the adhesive may for example remain tacky and capable of bonding two surfaces together for, from perhaps a second or a few seconds, to up to a minute or more. In case forming system 110, an FIMA may be applied to the outward facing surfaces of panels of a blank 100 (such as shown in Figure 1) while held in magazine 100 by applicators 133a-e, to form adhesive lines such as adhesive lines 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004 and 1005.

[00164] One particular type of FIMAs are pressure sensitive FIMAs which may remain tacky and capable to bonding two surfaces together until pressure is applied to the FIMA, such as when the FIMA is compressed between two surfaces of two panels of a blank 1000 as the two panels are brought together . Such pressure sensitive FIMAs may remain tacky and capable of bonding two surfaces together for a long period of time, and potentially for an infinite amount of time, until pressure is applied to the FIMA.

[00165] An example of a suitable adhesive that could be employed on a case blank 1000 made of cardboard is Cool-Lok adhesive made by Nacan Products Limited or a suitable pressure sensitive HMA made by Henkel Corporation.

[00166] Adhesive applicators 133a-e can for example be positioned transversely along support beam 149, and their operation controlled by PLC 132 to provide apply a suitable adhesive to various panel surfaces, such as vertical adhesive lines 1001, 1002 on lower major panel F, vertical adhesive lines 1003, 1004 on lower major panel H and adhesive line 1005 on minor side wall panel A (Figure 1). This can be done as the adhesive applicators 133a-e are moving upwardly on support beam 149 during an upward stroke of the mandrel apparatus 120 including mandrel 137.

[00167] The transverse positions of adhesive applicators 133a-e may be individually selected and adjusted by use of a releasable adjustment mechanisms 199a-e which releasably secures the applicators 133a-e to support beam 149, at positions suitable dependent upon which particular type/configuration of case blank 1000 that is being processed (see for example Figure 25). This adjustable positioning of adhesive applicators 133a-e is another part of the features of case forming system 100 that enables case forming system 100 to be easily modified when changing over from handling one type/configuration of case blank to another type/configuration of case blank.

[00168] Applicator support beam 149 may be fixedly mounted to support blocks 147a, 147b

(Figure 5) and thus applicator support beam 149 and adhesive applicators 133a-e may move and stroke vertically upwards and downwards along with carriage 144 and mandrel movement apparatus 136 within a range of intermittent movement as required for completing the case forming operations and process described herein. It will be appreciated that by interconnecting adhesive applicator apparatus 135, including applicator support beam 149 carrying adhesive applicators 133a-e, to the carriage 144, the adhesive applicator apparatus 135 may be moved in reciprocating motion vertically upwards and downwards in space with the mandrel apparatus 120 and mandrel 137. Both portions of adhesive applicator apparatus 135 and at least portions of mandrel apparatus 120 will occupy some of the same spatial region in the vicinity of the front of the magazine 110 and the pick-up location of case blanks 1000 located in the magazine 110 at the front of the stack. This enables the adhesive applicator apparatus 135 to apply adhesive to the outward facing surface of the blank at the pick-up position during upward vertical movement, while the case blank 1000 at the front of the stack is being held in the magazine, and prior to the mandrel apparatus 120 being brought into an engagement position with the case blank being located at the pick-up location.

[00169] The next component of system 100 to be described in detail is third panel rotating apparatus 131 which is configured to cause the appropriate lower panels F, G, H, J (Figure 1) to be folded and sealed to provide a closed bottom and thus form an open top case configuration that is suitable for delivery to a case conveyor 102 (Figure 3). Third panel rotating apparatus 131 is operable (a) to rotate outwards lower major panels F and FI about their respective fold lines with respective major side panels D and B. The amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be no interference with the subsequent inward rotation of lower minor panels G and J and no contact is made with adhesive that may be on an inward surfaces of lower major panels F and FI, such as respective adhesive lines 1001, 1002 and 1003, 1004 (Figure 1). In an example embodiment the amount of outward rotation of lower minor panels G and J from vertical planar alignment with their respective adjacent lower major side wall panels D and B, may be about 45 degrees from the vertical.

[00170] Third panel rotating apparatus 131 may also be operable to (b) rotate lower minor panels G and J inwardly, preferably about 90 degrees to a generally horizontal orientation, about their respective fold lines with respective major side wall panels C and A; and (c) rotate lower major panels F and FI inwards, about their respective fold lines with respective major side panels D and B, an amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be contact between inner surfaces of lower major panels of lower major panels F and FI and the outer surfaces of lower minor panels G and J. Third panel rotating apparatus 131 may also be operable to apply compression to lower major panels F and FI against the bottom wall 188 of mandrel 137 to ensure that a fixed adhesive connection is formed between inner surfaces of lower major panels of lower major panels F and FI and the outer surfaces of lower minor panels G and J.

[00171] With particular reference to Figures 13 and 14, third panel rotating apparatus 131 may include opposed longitudinally oriented pivoting fingers 200a, 200b, that may pivot within a desired range outwards and inwards about respective pivots 201a, 201b about transversely oriented pivot axes. The pivoting movement of fingers 200a, 200b may be caused by actuator motors 202a, 202b controlled in operation by PLC 132.

[00172] Operation of fingers 200a, 200b can rotate outwards lower major panels F and FI about their respective fold lines with respective major side panels D and B.

[00173] Third panel rotating apparatus 131 may also include opposed transversely oriented plough devices 210a, 210b, that have plough plates 211a, 211b that may be moved transversely in intermittent, reciprocating movement by actuating double acting pneumatic cylinders 212a, 212a, with movable piston arms, within a desired range outwards and inwards. The transverse movement of plough devices 210a, 210b may be controlled by valves in air distribution unit 227 (not shown) that selectively deliver pressurized air through hoses (not shown) to double acting pneumatic cylinders 212a, 212b, under the control of PLC 132. [00174] Third panel rotating apparatus 131 may also include opposed longitudinally oriented plough devices 220a, 220b, that have plough plates 221a, 221b that may be moved transversely in intermittent, reciprocating movement by double acting pneumatic cylinders 222a, 222a, with movable piston arms, within a desired range outwards and inwards. The transverse reciprocating intermittent movement of plough devices 220a, 220b may be controlled by valves (not shown) that selectively deliver pressurized air through hoses (not shown) to pneumatic cylinders 222a, 222b, that may be supplied by pressurized air controlled by valves in air distribution unit 227, under the control of PLC 132.

[00175] The aforementioned components of third panel rotating apparatus 131 may be mounted to a frame (not shown for simplicity). In some embodiments, the horizontal longitudinal / transverse positions and possibly also their vertical positions may be adjustable on the frame to enable the components of third panel rotating apparatus 131 to accommodate different sized/configured mandrel apparatuses 120 and corresponding different size and configuration of case blanks and their lower panels F, G, H, J. The adjustment may be made by hand or by servo motors operating moving support components under control of PLC 132. However, it is preferred if third panel rotating apparatus is configured so that it can accommodate the processing of several different size/configurations of mandrels and case blanks without having to adjust the positions of their components, to be more easily able to facilitate change-over from one mandrel / case blank size and configuration to another.

[00176] The next component of system 100 to be described in detail is fourth panel rotating apparatus 138. Fourth panel rotating apparatus 138 can co-operate with first panel operating apparatus 134 and second panel operating apparatus 130 to form a tubular shaped blank. Fourth panel rotating apparatus 138 is operable to rotate inwards 90 degrees, sealing panel E of case blank 1000 relative to major side wall panel D, from the position shown in Figure 7 to the position shown in Figure 9. Fourth panel rotating apparatus 138 may be mounted to a supporting frame component (not shown) and include a plough device 230 having plough plate 231 that may be moved longitudinally in intermittent, reciprocating movement by a double acting pneumatic cylinder 232, with a movable piston arm, within a desired range outwards and inwards. The longitudinal reciprocating intermittent movement of plough device 220 may be controlled by valves (not shown) in air distribution unit 227 that deliver pressurized air through hoses (not shown) to pneumatic cylinder 232 under the control of PLC 132.

[00177] Pneumatic cylinders 211a, 212b, 222a, 222b, and 232 may each be a conventional pneumatic reciprocating cylinder with piston arms that are operable to move in a reciprocal movement between fully extended positions and fully retracted position. This reciprocating motion can be achieved in known ways such as for example, by using a double acting cylinder, which can for example, channel compressed air to two different chambers which in turn provides interchanging forward and backward acting forces on the piston arms of the cylinders. Pneumatic cylinders 211a, 212b, 222a, 222b, and 232 may for example be one of many different types made by Festo.

[00178] Compressed air may be delivered to pneumatic cylinders 211a, 212b, 222a, 222b, and 232 by hoses (not shown) in communication with a source of pressurized air through air distribution unit 227. To channel the compressed air appropriately, valves (not shown) in distribution unit 227 (Figure 5) can be driven between open and closed positions by solenoids responsive to signals from PLC 132. The valves could be located proximate the pneumatic cylinders 211a, 212b, 222a, 222b, and 232 or be disposed elsewhere. Electrical communication lines carrying signals to and from PLC 132 could also be provided to operate the valves.

[00179] It should also be noted that during the downward vertical movement of a case blank 1000 secured to mandrel 137, a compression rail 195 supported on part 140a of vertical support frame 140 (Figure 3) is configured and positioned to apply pressure to the panels A and E pushing against the outward surface of side wall 122a of mandrel 137, to ensure appropriate sealing of panels A and E with the adhesive.

[00180] In some embodiments, the longitudinal / transverse position and possibly also the vertical position of compression rail 195 may be adjustable on the frame 140 to enable the components of third panel rotating apparatus 131 to accommodate different sized/configured mandrel apparatuses 120 and corresponding different size and configuration of case blanks and their lower panels F, G, H, J. The adjustment may be made by hand or by servo motors operating moving support components under control of PLC 132.

[00181] With reference to Figures 3, 21 and 22, case discharge conveyor 102 (for simplicity not shown in the other Figures) may be provided with spaced continuous conveyor belts 105 driven in a conventional manner by a drive motor under control of PLC 132 and configured to support and move open topped cases formed from case blanks 1000 by case forming system 100. A lift platform 104 may have upward facing suction cups 103. Lift platform 104 may be employed to assist in "handing off" a formed case from mandrel 137 to case conveyor 102. The lift platform 104 may be vertically movable upwards and downwards and along with suction cups 103 and corresponding suction cup valves (not shown) be controlled by valves and PLC 132. Lift platform 104 may move suctions cups 103 to engage and hold the blank (which has become a formed case) in position during disengagement of the mandrel 137 from the formed case. Then lift platform 104 may be lowered to position the formed case onto the case conveyor for discharge for filling, packing and top sealing. Suction cups 103 may be deactivated allowing case conveyor 102 to move the formed case from case forming system 100.

[00182] Various components of system 100 such as mandrel apparatus 120 including mandrel

137 and the various support members 155, 154, 152 and 150; first, second, third and fourth panel rotating apparatuses; robot support members 156 and 158; and support frame 140, may all be made of any suitable materials such as for example aluminium or steel.

[00183] Also a least some of the various components of system 100 mandrel support members 155, 154, 152 and 150 may be integrally formed or interconnected to each other by known techniques. For example if the components are made of a suitable metal or plastic, welding techniques can be employed. Also, the use of screws and/or nut and bolts may be employed.

[00184] The operation of system 100 will now be described in detail. A plurality of case blanks 1000 may be presented in a vertically and transversely oriented stacked arrangement and held in magazine 110. Magazine 110 may be operated such that the front generally vertically and transversely oriented surface of panel B of the forward-most blank 1000 will be at a pick-up location that will be just in contact with, or be a very short distance spaced from (e.g. within ¼ inch), the inward surface of rear wall 121b of mandrel 137 when the mandrel is appropriately vertically positioned.

[00185] The start position of mandrel 137 will typically be a vertically downward position, where the adhesive ejection nozzles 153 (Figure 8) of adhesive applicators 133a-e are also below the level of the bottom edge of case blank 1000 held in magazine 110). Then, under control of PLC 132, vertical movement apparatus 136 can cause mandrel apparatus 120 with adhesive applicator apparatus 135 connected thereto, to move vertically upwards an appropriate amount at an appropriate velocity. In doing so, ejection nozzles 153 of adhesive applicators 133a-e can be operated by PLC 132 over a suitable range of upward movement , to apply adhesive to respective panels A, FI and F. PLC 132 is able to activate adhesive applicators 133a-e at a suitable vertical location because of signals received from the encoder associated with servo drive motor 145. Adhesive applicators 133a-e will then apply adhesive lines 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004 and 1005 as shown in Figure 1, to the outward facing surface of the front case blank 1000 in magazine 110, while the front case blank is in the pick-up position. [00186] Next, under control of PLC 132, magazine 110 and first panel rotating apparatus 124 may co-operate so that suction cups 168 engage and hold the outward facing surface of major side wall panel D, and pull panels N, D and F from clip mechanism 111a, while clip mechanisms 111c holding panels G/C/M and J, B/L in the pick-up position in the magazine, and clip mechanisms 111b, llld hold panels J/A/K also in the pick-up positon in the magazine.

[00187] First panel rotating apparatus 124 can then start to rotate major side wall panel D along with panels E, N, F and also pull panels M, C and G from retaining clips 111c to also rotate them, 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction about the vertical fold line between side wall panels B and C, to the configuration shown in Figure 5, where minor side wall panel C is held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 122b (see also step 1000(3) in Figures 2A and 2B).

[00188] In the next folding step, PLC 132 causes first panel rotating apparatus 124 to rotate side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, and connected sealing panel E, together counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line between side wall panels D and C, to the configuration shown in Figure 7, where major side wall panel D is held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 121a, as end effector 166 with suction cups 168 pass through slot 123 (see also step 1000(4) in Figures 2A and 2B).

[00189] In the next folding step, PLC 132 causes plough plate 231 of fourth panel rotating apparatus 138 to extend causing sealing panel E to be rotated counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line between sealing panel E and side wall panel D to the configuration shown in Figure 9 (see also step 1000(5) in Figures 2A and 2B).

[00190] In the next folding step, PLC 132 causes second panel rotating apparatus 130 to be activated by activating pneumatic cylinder 180 to extend piston arm 181 so that suction cups 183 can engage and hold the outward facing surface of side wall panel A. PLC 132 can then cause pneumatic cylinder 180 to retract piston arm 181, causing suction cup arm 182 to rotate about its pivot 184, thus causing side wall panel A, along with and its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels K and J, to be all rotated together clockwise 90 degrees about the fold line between side wall panels A and B, to the configuration shown in Figure 11. But as panel A is approaching the position shown in Figure 11, where a large portion of minor side wall panel A is held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 122a, PLC 132 causes plough plate 231 of fourth panel rotating apparatus 138 to retract allowing an outward facing surface of sealing panel E to engage with an edge portion of the inward facing surface of minor side wall panel A, and wherein the surface of sealing panel E becomes connected to side wall panel A as a result of adhesive line 1005 bonding the two panels together. Thus sealing panel E in combination with adhesive line 1005 provides a connection mechanism for connecting the free vertical side edge portions of blank 1000. However, in other example embodiments, other connection mechanisms may be provided to connect the free vertical side edge portions to secure the blank in a generally tubular configuration.

[00191] The result at the end of this step is that blank 1000 is formed into a generally rectangular tubular shape, such that panels A-E have been wrapped about a centrally positioned mandrel 137 as shown in Figure 12 (see also step 1000(6) in Figures 2A and 2B). The case blank 1000 is being held on the mandrel by suction cups 183 of second rotating apparatus 130 and suction cups 168 on end effector 168 which are engaged on what have become the inner surfaces of the tubular shaped case blank. The result is a very efficient sequence of movements to extract a flatly configured blank held in magazine 110 and form it into a tubular shaped blank.

[00192] The remaining steps carried out by case forming system 100 as illustrated in Figures

13 to 23 show a sequence of steps that may be utilized to close and seal the lower major and minor panels F, H, and G, J to close and seal the bottom of the case blank 1000 to form an RSC case with an open top and deposit the formed case onto case discharge conveyor 102. However, alternate bottom panel closing systems may be employed in other embodiments.

[00193] In the next step of carton forming system 100 as disclosed, PLC 132 de-activates suction cups 168 so that only suction cups 183 hold case blank 1000 on mandrel 137. Thereafter, PLC 132 will activate vertical mandrel movement apparatus 136 and in particular servo motor 145 to move carriage 144 and thus mandrel 137 vertically downward with case blank 1000 secured thereto, to a lower panel folding and sealing position shown in Figure 13 (see also step 1000(7) in Figures 2A and 2B). Clip mechanisms 111c (Figure 5) holding panels H, B and L, in magazine 110 will allow for the release of panels H, B and L to allow the remaining portion of case blank 1000 to be removed from being held by magazine 110 and moved vertically downward once the case blank 1000 at the front of the stack is engaged by second panel rotating apparatus 130 and mandrel 137 moves vertically downwards. Additionally, PLC 132 will cause the suction force at suction cups 168 on effector 166 of first rotating panel apparatus 124 to be curtailed, thus allowing the case blank 1000 formed around mandrel 137 to move vertically away from suction cups 168. The tubular formed case blank 1000 may be held in contact for movement with mandrel 137 by surface friction forces between the blank and the exterior surface of mandrel 137 and by the operation of suction force exerted by suction cups 183 of second panel folding apparatus 130.

[00194] At the vertical position of mandrel 137 shown in Figure 13, PLC 132 activates motors 202a, 202b to rotate fingers 200a, 200b outwards, so that they engage respective lower major panels F and H may be rotated outwards, about their respective fold lines with respective major side panels D and B. The amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be no interference with the subsequent inward rotation of lower minor panels G and J and no contact is made with adhesive that is on inward surfaces of lower major panels F and H, such as respective adhesive lines 1001, 1002 and 1003, 1004 (Figure 1).

[00195] Next, with reference to Figures 16 and 17, PLC 132 activates pneumatic cylinders

212a, 212b to cause plough plates 211a, 211b to be extended transversely inwards to rotate lower minor panels G and J respectively inwards, preferably about 90 degrees, about their respective fold lines with respective major side wall panels C and A.

[00196] Next with reference to Figure 18, PLC 132 activates motors 202a, 202b to rotate fingers 200a, 200b inwards it a vertically downward position, so that they no longer engage with lower major panels F and H, so that lower major panels F and FI may be rotated inwards, about their respective fold lines with respective major side panels D and B. The amount of rotation of fingers 200a, 200b is sufficient to ensure that there will be no interference with the subsequent inward rotation of lower major panels F and FI.

[00197] Also as shown in Figure 18 and in Figure 19, next PLC 132 will cause pneumatic cylinders 222a, 222b to be operated to cause plough plates 221a, 221b to be extended transversely inwards to rotate lower major panels F and FI respectively inwards, preferably about 90 degrees, about their respective fold lines with respective major side wall panels D and B. The amount of rotation is sufficient to ensure that there will be contact between inner surfaces of lower major panels of lower major panels F and FI and the outer surfaces of lower minor panels G and J such that the lines of adhesive 1001, 1002 on the inward surface of panel F, and lines of adhesive 1003, 1004 on inward surface of panel FI will cause panels F to fixedly connect with both panels G and J, and cause panel FI to fixedly connect with both panels G and J such that blank 1000 is formed into a generally rectangular shaped, open top case (see also step 1000(9) in Figures 2A and 2B). There is a sufficient gap present between lower major panels F and FI when they are rotated to permit the plough plates 211a, 211b to remain in position to hold panels J and G in a suitable orientation for engagement with panels F and FI.

[00198] Next with reference to Figure 20, PLC 132 activates pneumatic cylinders 212a, 212b to cause plough plates 211a, 211b to retract transversely outwards. Next PLC 132 activates activating cylinder 222a, 222b to cause plough plates 221a, 221b to be retracted transversely outwards as shown in Figure 21.

[00199] Lift platform 104 may be operated along with upward facing suction cups 103 to assist in "handing off" a formed case from mandrel 137 to case conveyor 102. The lift platform 104 may be vertically movable upwards and along with suction cups 103 and corresponding suction cup valves (not shown) be controlled by valves and PLC 132 may be operated to engage the bottom of the case. PLC 132 may also cause suction cups 183 to be deactivated, thus releasing the case from engagement with mandrel 137. Mandrel 137 may then be moved upwards back to the start position. Lift platform 104 may move suctions cups 103 to engage and hold the blank (which has become a formed case) in position during disengagement of the mandrel 137 from the formed case. Then lift platform 104 may be lowered to position the formed case onto the case conveyor for discharge for filling, packing and top sealing. Suction cups 103 may then be deactivated allowing case conveyor 102 to move the formed case from case forming system 100.

[00200] The formed, open top case, may be moved away to another location, and may subsequently be filled with one or more items/other cases and thereafter the upper major panels N and L, may be folded along with upper minor panels M and K, to close and seal the completed case.

[00201] The foregoing cycle can be repeated multiple times to form multiple cases. It is anticipated that cartons may be formed at a rate of in the range of about 10 to about 50 cases per minute depending on the overall dimensions of the case and the size of the machine but other rates of operation are also possible and contemplated. In general, the smaller the case blank that is being processed, the faster will be the case forming rates.

[00202] As discussed above, when it is desired to change the type/configuration of case to be formed, using a different type/configuration of case blank 1000, case forming system 100 can be quite easily modified. For example, one mandrel 137 can be replaced by a differently configured mandrel. PLC 132 may be pre-programmed to make adjustments to the operation of other components in particular to the operation of the first, third and fourth panel rotating apparatuses and the position of compression rail 195. Additionally, it may in some circumstances be necessary to adjust the positioning and movements of some components of third panel rotating apparatus 131 such as fingers 200a, 200b; plough devices 210a, 210b, and their plough plates 211a, 211b; and plough devices 220a, 220b, and their plough plates 221a, 221b.

[00203] Many variations of the embodiments described above are possible. For example, now with reference to Figure 26 another alternate form of case blank 2000 that may be configured and formed in any similar way to case blank 1000, except that case blank 2000 has panel E adjoined to the outer edge of minor side wall panel A, instead of to major side wall panel D. Also, a line adhesive 2005 is formed on a surface of panel D instead of on sealing panel E.

[00204] With reference now to Figure 27, an example sequence of steps 2000(1) to 2000(10) are shown of folding and sealing a flat blank 2000 to from an open top case that is suitable for top loading of items/other cases.

[00205] A plurality of case blanks 2000 may be presented in a stacked arrangement with the blanks each configured in a generally flat and planar configuration [step 2000(1)]. A particular individual case blank 2000 may be identified at / selected from the front of the stack of blanks for processing [step 2000(2)]. In a first folding step 2000(3) side wall panel B along with its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels L and H, along with minor side wall panel C and its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels M and G, along with major side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, can all be rotated from the orientation shown at 2000(2), so that panel B is rotated 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels A and B, to the configuration as shown at step 2000(3). In the next folding step 2000(4), minor side wall panel C and its respective adjacent upper and lower minor panels M and G, along with major side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, are all rotated counter clockwise so that panel C is rotated 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels B and C, to the configuration shown in Figure 27 at step 2000(4).

[00206] In folding step 2000(5), sealing panel E is rotated clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between panel E and panel A. This step can be done in any time prior to the next step 2000(6). In the next step 2000(6) major side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F are rotated counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panel C and side wall panel D to the configuration shown at 2000(5). In this folding step the adhesive line 2005 on the inner surface of panel D will engage with the outward facing surface of sealing panel E such that sealing panel E may engage and become permanently connected to major side wall panel D. The result at the end of this step, as depicted at 2000(6), case blank 2000 is formed into a generally rectangular shaped tube. While not shown in Figure 27, folding steps from case blank orientations depicted at 2000(3) to 2000(6) may be carried out in such manner the panels are wrapped about a centrally positioned mandrel, as is described hereinafter.

[00207] The remaining steps to configurations shown from 2000(7) to 2000(10) may be substantially the same as the steps 1000(7) to 1000(10) as illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B and represent a sequence of steps that may be utilized to close and seal the lower major and minor panels, F, FI and G, J respectively to close and seal the bottom of the case blank 2000 to form an RSC case with an open top.

[00208] Now with reference to Figures 28-32, a case system 2100 is disclosed which may be substantially the same as case forming system 100 except as varied as shown in schematic illustrations in Figures 28-32 with reference to the following description. In overview, a first panel rotating apparatus 2134 is positioned relative to a stack of blanks (stack not shown) like blanks 2000 held in a magazine 2110 (like magazine 110), with the mandrel 2137 when positioned at a pick-up positon to pick-up the front blank in the stack, being located transversely and vertically in front of panel A of case blank 2000. In this way, first panel rotating apparatus 2134 is able to wrap each of panels B, C and D around corresponding side walls of mandrel 2137, and engage with sealing panel E, which may be rotated clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line with panel E. Thus by use of just a first panel rotating system 2134 and a second panel rotating apparatus 2138, a generally flat case blank 2000 held in magazine 2100 can be formed into a tubular shaped blank around mandrel 2137. Thereafter bottom panels can be closed with another panel rotating apparatus which may be like third panel rotating apparatus 131, as described above in relation to system 100, to form an open top, case from case blank 2000. In some other embodiments only a single panel rotating apparatus may be required to wrap the blank around a mandrel.

[00209] System 2100 may include a magazine 2110 like magazine 110 adapted to hold a plurality of case blanks 2000 in a substantially flat orientation such as is shown in Figure 28 (only one case blank 2000 is shown for clarity). Case blanks 2000 may generally be like blanks 1000, except with respect to an alternative positioning of sealing panel E, as shown in Figure 26. System 2000 may also include a mandrel apparatus 2120 (including a mandrel 2137) and a panel rotating sub-system 2134 (designated in Figure 4).

[00210] Panel rotating sub-system 2134 may include a first panel rotating apparatus 2124 which may be generally like panel rotating apparatus 124. A controller (not shown) like PLC 132 may be programmed to provide a different sequence of movement for first panel rotating apparatus 2124 compared to the sequence of movement of first panel rotating apparatus 124 described above in system 100. Panel rotating sub-system 2134 may also include a second panel folding apparatus 2138 that is like panel folding apparatus 138, but arranged and oriented to move in a longitudinally opposite direction to panel folding apparatus 138, so it can fold panel E in a clockwise direction 90 degrees relative to panel A of blank 2000, as described further hereinafter. System 2100 may also include a third panel rotating apparatus (not shown) that may function like third panel rotating apparatus 131, to close the lower panels F, G, H and J, in a manner similar to that described above.

[00211] Case forming system 2100 may also include a mandrel apparatus 2120 similar to mandrel apparatus 120 with a mandrel 2137, and an adhesive applicator apparatus 2135 (only shown in Figure 32 for simplicity) that may be substantially the same as adhesive applicator apparatus 135 and include adhesive applicators 2133a-e with nozzles that are mounted on transversely oriented support beam 2149. Mandrel apparatus 2120 may be interconnected to adhesive applicator apparatus 2135 and operable for vertical up and down movement together, like that described above in case forming system lOO.Case forming system 2100 may also include a vertical support frame and a vertical mandrel movement apparatus also like those described above in relation to case forming system 100. The operation of the components of carton forming system 2100 may be controlled by a controller like PLC 132.

[00212] A generally vertically oriented support frame (not shown) that may be like support frame 140, may support a vertical mandrel movement apparatus (also not shown) like mandrel movement apparatus 136. Mandrel movement apparatus may include a generally vertically oriented linear rail (not shown) like linear rail 142 but which may support for sliding upward and downward sliding vertical movement a carriage block 2144 (Figure 29) which may be like carriage block 144. The movement of carriage block 2144 on linear rail may vertically aligned with panel A of a case blank 2000 held in magazine 2110 and may be driven by a drive belt (not shown) interconnected to carriage block 144 and supported by vertical support frame, like with case forming system 100.

[00213] With reference to Figure 32, mandrel apparatus 2120 may have several components including a mandrel 2137 and a mandrel support apparatus generally designated 148. Mandrel 2137 may be easily removable from mandrel support apparatus 2148, so that a mandrel of one configuration may be easily replaced with a mandrel of another configuration. Mandrel 2137 may comprise a pair of opposed, spaced, vertically and transversely oriented, spaced, major side walls 2121a, 2121b interconnected with a pair of opposed, spaced, vertically and longitudinally oriented, spaced minor side walls 122a, 122b. A generally horizontally and transversely oriented bottom wall 2118 is interconnected to major and minor side walls 2121a, 2121b, 2122, 2122b to form a generally cuboid, open top, box shape. Mandrel 12 may be generally configured in a variety of different sizes and shapes, each selected for the particular type of case blank 2000 that are to be formed into cases.

[00214] The dimensions of the outer surfaces of mandrel 2137 may be selected so that the specific case blank 2000 that it is desired to fold has, during the forming process, fold lines that are located substantially at or along the four corner vertical side edges and the four corner horizontal bottom edges of mandrel 2137. Mandrel 2137, and surrounding components in system 2100, may be configured to permit for the easy interchange of mandrels 2137 so that case forming system 2100 can be readily adapted to forming differently sized / shaped cases from differently configured case blanks 2000.

[00215] Mandrel side wall 2121b may be provided with a vertical slot 2123 that may be configured to permit part of end effector 2166 and suction cups 2168 to move from the position shown in Figure 28, and pass through slot 2123 to the position shown in Figure 31. By allowing the end effector 2166 to pass through vertical slot 2123, major side panel D of case blank 1000 may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of major side wall 2121b of mandrel 2137.

[00216] Mandrel side wall 2122b may not extend transversely the full length of bottom wall

2118 and may have a vertical end edge that defines a slot 2170. Mounted to an inward surface of rear side wall 2122b may be a releasable mandrel mounting bracket unit 2125. Mandrel mounting unit 2125 may be configured to releasably connect a transversely extending mandrel mounting plate 2155 to mandrel rear side wall 2122b, such as having mounting plate 2155 be received into a slot in mounting bracket unit 125, with the plate being releasably held in the slot by a screw of the mounting bracket unit being removably receivable in a threaded aperture of the mounting plate 2155.

[00217] Horizontally and vertically oriented mounting plate 2155 can be fixedly connected to an end of vertical mandrel support member 2154. A lower portion of mandrel support member 2154 may also serves to complete the rear side wall of mandrel 2137, when mandrel mounting plate 2155 is received into mounting bracket unit 2125.

[00218] Mounted in an opening 2199 in side wall 2121b may be one or more suction cups 2198. In some embodiments, to establish a firm connection between the outer surface mandrel wall

2122b and the adjacent surface of panel A of a blank 2000 held in magazine 2110, mounted in an opening 2196 in side wall 2122b may also be one or more suctions cups 2195 (Figure 32). In other embodiments there may be only suction cups on side wall 2122b and in some embodiments suction cups may not be required on either wall 2121b or 2122b or on any other wall. Friction or other forces may be sufficient to hold the tubular shaped blank once formed on the mandrel, during subsequent folding of the lower panels.

[00219] Suction cups 2195 and 2198, if present, may be supplied with pressurized air controlled by valves (not shown) operated by the PLC. Air suction cups 2195 and 2198 may be interconnected through hoses 2194 and 2197 respectively passing through cavities (not shown) in vertical support member 2154, longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 2152, second vertical mandrel support member 2150 and longitudinally oriented and carriage support arm 2146 and carriage 2144 to a source of vacuum by providing for one or more air channels carrying pressurized air through the aforesaid components. The supply vacuum to suction cups 2195 and 2198 may be controlled by pressurized air distribution unit which may include a plurality of valves that may be operated by the PLC and may also include local vacuum generator apparatuses that may be in close proximity to, or integrate as part of, suction cups 2195 and 2198. With local vacuum generators utilized in close proximity to suction cups 2198, pressurized air may be delivered from an external source through air distribution unit to the vacuum generators. The local vacuum generators will then convert the pressurized air to vacuum that can then be delivered to suction cups 2195 and 2198.

[00220] An air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups

2195 that is may be sufficient so that when activated they can engage with and hold panel A to mandrel side wall 2122b, as the rest of case blank 2000 is wrapped around mandrel 2137. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 2195 can be activated and de-activated by the PLC through operation of distribution unit.

[00221] The air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups

2198 will be sufficient so that when activated they can engage and hold panel D and the rest of case blank 2000 wrapped around mandrel 2137 on the mandrel including during vertical downward movement to close the bottom panels. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 2198 can be activated and de-activated by PLC through operation of distribution unit.

[00222] Horizontally and vertically oriented mounting plate 2155 may be fixedly connected at an outer end to a lower end portion of vertical mandrel support member 2154. An opposite, upper end of vertical mandrel support member 2154 may be fixedly connected to a first end of a longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 2152. An opposite second end of longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 2152 may be fixedly connected to a first end of a second vertical mandrel support member 2150. A second opposite end of second vertical mandrel support member 2150 is fixedly attached to a first end of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 2146. Proximate the connection location of mandrel support member 2150 and carriage arm 2146 may be mounted to opposite outer surfaces of vertical mandrel support member 2150, a pair of spaced and opposed, longitudinally oriented support blocks 2147a, 2147b which can be used to secure adhesive applicator apparatus 2135. Mandrel side wall 2122b, with its mounting plate 2125 can facilitate the support of mandrel 2137 on mandrel support frame 2148.

[00223] Vertical mandrel support member 2150 can be fixedly attached at is upper end portion to a first end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 2146. The opposite end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 146 is fixedly connected to carriage block 2144. Carriage block 2144 can be attached for sliding vertical upward and downward movement on a vertically oriented linear rail.

[00224] First vertical support member 2154, longitudinally oriented mandrel support member 2152, second vertical mandrel support member 2150 and longitudinally oriented and carriage support arm 2146 and carriage 2144 may be appropriately configured to permit electrical and communication cables and pressurized air /vacuum air hoses to pass through from an upper end to a lower end where operational components of mandrel apparatus 2120 are located. In this way, electrical power/communication cable and air hoses can deliver power, electrical signals and pressurized air / vacuum to the mandrel 2137 and second panel rotating apparatus 2130 which is mounted on mandrel 2137.

[00225] It will also be appreciated that in first panel rotation apparatus 2124 with suction cups 2198 and 2195, suction cups are used to apply a force to move and hold to mandrel 2137 panels of a case blank 2000.

[00226] Just like with mandrel 137 in system 100, the start position of mandrel 2137 in system 2100 will typically be a vertically downward position, where the adhesive ejection nozzles of the adhesive applicators are below the level of the bottom edge of case blank 2000 held in magazine 2110. Then, under control of PLC, the vertical movement apparatus can cause mandrel apparatus 2120 including mandrel 2137 to move vertically upwards. In doing so, ejection nozzles of adhesive applicators can be operated by PLC over a suitable range of upward movement, to apply adhesive to respective panels D, F and H. PLC 132 is able to activate adhesive applicators at a suitable vertical location because signals received from the encoder associated with the servo drive motor. Adhesive applicators will then apply adhesive lines 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 as shown in Figure 26, to the outward facing surface of the front case blank 2000 in magazine 2110, while the front case blank is in the pick-up position.

[00227] Next, under control of the PLC, magazine 2110 and first panel rotating apparatus

2124 may co-operate so that suction cups (not shown) on end effector 2166, engage and hold the outward facing surface of major side wall panel D, and pull panels N/D/F; M/C/G and L/B/H from a clip mechanisms (not shown), while another clip mechanism (not shown) holding panels K/A/J in the pick-up positon in the magazine.

[00228] First panel rotating apparatus 2124 can then rotate all of major side wall panel D along with panels N/F; M/C/G; and L/B/H, 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction about the vertical fold line between side wall panels B and A, to the configuration shown in Figure 29, where major side wall panel B has an inward surface held against the outer surface of mandrel side 2121a (see also step 2000(3) in Figure 27).

[00229] In the next folding step, PLC causes first panel rotating apparatus 2124 to rotate side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, along with panels M/C/G, together, counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line between side wall panels

C and B, to the configuration shown in Figure 30, where major side wall panel C has an inward surface held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 2122a, (see also step 2000(4) in Figure 27).

[00230] In the next folding step , PLC causes plough plate of panel rotating apparatus 2138 to extend longitudinally causing sealing panel E to be rotated clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line between sealing panel E and side wall pane A to the configuration (see step 2000(5) in Figure 27).

[00231] In the next folding step, the PLC can cause panel rotating apparatus 2124 to rotate side wall panel D and its respective adjacent upper and lower major panels N and F, counter clockwise 90 degrees about the vertical fold line between side wall panels D and C, to the configuration shown in Figure 31, where major side wall panel D has an inward surface held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 2121b, (see also step 2000(6) in Figure 27). In moving to this position, part of end effector 2166 and suction cups 2168 can slide thorough slot 2123 to a position where suction cups are still able to engage with the inward directed surface of panel D of case blank 2000. Also, as panel D is approaching the position shown in Figure 31, where a large portion of side wall panel D is held against the outer surface of mandrel side wall 2121b, PLC can cause the plough plate of panel rotating apparatus 2138 to retract allowing an outward facing surface of sealing panel E to engage with an edge portion of the inward facing surface of side wall panel D, and wherein the surface of sealing panel E becomes connected to side wall panel D as a result of adhesive line D005 bonding the two panels together.

[00232] The result at the end of this step is that blank 2000 is formed into a generally rectangular shaped tube, such that panels A-E have been wrapped about a centrally positioned mandrel 2137 as shown in Figure 31 (see also step 2000(6) in Figure 26) while being held by panel rotating apparatus 2134 on a surface that will become an interior surface of the tubular shaped blank.

[00233] The remaining steps to close and seal the bottom panels F, G, FI and J can be carried out by case forming system 2100 in the same manner as case forming system 100 closes and seals the bottom panels of case blank 1000. In carton forming system 2100 the PLC will de-activate suction cups 2168 so that only suction cups 2198 hold case blank 2000 on mandrel 2137 allowing mandrel 2137 with tubular case blank 2000 secured thereto, to be move vertically downwards.

[00234] Many other variations of the embodiments described above are possible. By way of example, in some other embodiments, a first panel rotating apparatus like panel rotating apparatuses 124 or 2124 may be employed and configured to on its own engage a suitable case blank and wrap the case blank around a mandrel while holding the case blank on one or more surfaces that will form an interior surface of a tubular shaped case blank. Similarly, there are other embodiments where while a case blank is being held in a magazine with a surface exposed, adhesive is applied to the exposed surface of the blank prior to it being removed from the magazine for folding into a case that is suitable to be loaded.

[00235] By way only of another example, in some other embodiments, case blanks that are not used to form substantially cuboid shaped boxes, may be formed with a modified system. For example, the initial rotation of one portion of the blank from a generally flat configuration of the entire blank, may for example be only in the range of from forty-five degrees to ninety degrees onto a correspondingly shaped mandrel Once the first portion has been rotated from the flat configuration to the angled position, the blank is then more readily capable of being engaged by other mechanisms such that a further rotation of other portions of the blank can be carried out wrap the case around the mandrel to form a generally tubular shape. In some applications a mandrel might be employed which has outer surfaces that are not completely at rights angles to each other.

[00236] While it is contemplated that system 100 is oriented in a particular mutually orthogonal vertical, transverse and longitudinal frame of reference, systems could, with some other modifications, be provided in other spatial orientations. In such an inverted configuration, a blank could by way of example only, be retrieved from the stack and after being wrapped around a mandrel be moved vertically upwards to close the bottom panels.

[00237] Case blanks 1000 / 2000 may be made of any suitable material(s) configured and adapted to permit the required folding/bending/displacement of the material to reach the desired configuration yet also meet the particular structural requirements for holding one or more items. Examples of suitable materials are cardboard or creased corrugated fiber board. It should be noted that the blank may be formed of a material which itself is rigid or semi-rigid, and not per se easily foldable but which is divided into separate panels separated by creases or hinge type mechanisms so that the carton can be formed.

[00238] With reference now to Figure 33, a top view of a flat case blank 3000 is illustrated which is suitable to form a sidewall for a paperboard can. Blank 3000 may have a paperboard substrate made from a suitably rigid or semi-rigid paper based material such as paperboard or cardboard. Blank 3000 may also have a polyolefin laminate layer (eg. polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, very low-density polyethylene, ultra low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ultra high-density polyethylene, ethylene/propylene copolymers, polypropylene, polyisoprene, polybutylene, polybutene, poly-3-methylbutene-l, poly4-methylpentene-l and polyethylenes comprising ethylene/a-olefin which are copolymers of ethylene with one or more a-olefins such as butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, or the like) or non-polyolefin laminate inner layer (eg. a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a polyvinylidene chloride resin, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, a polyvinyl chloride resin, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyacrylate resin, a polyacrylonitrile resin and a polycarbonate resin), and an intermediate conducting metal (eg. aluminium) foil layer. The foil layer may be interconnected to, and positioned between the inner layer and the paperboard substrate. Thus, blank 3000 may be a multiple layer blank.

[00239] The use of layers of laminated materials comprised of a thermoplastic layer ( e.g . polyethylene), a metal foil layer (e.g. aluminium foil), and a paperboard layer in the packaging of food products is well-known. These materials are flexible, and may be gas and moisture resistant, such as for example as disclosed in United States Patent no. 4637199 issued January 20, 1987 the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Known example methods of producing these laminates include: extrusion coating, roller coating, adhesive bonding, or by pressing the layers together and heating them by an induced radio frequency which causes the thermoplastic to soften and adhere to the other layers (See for example United States Patent no. 3556887 issued January 19, 1971 the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference and United States Patent no. 4060443 issued November 29, 1977, the entire contents of which is also hereby incorporated by reference).

[00240] Blank 3000 may be bendable and/or may be foldable along fold lines from a flat configuration into a tubular side wall configuration that may be sealed at or proximate longitudinal edges, as described below. In top view, blank 3000 when formed into a tubular side wall configuration may, by way of example only, be generally square or rectangular in shape. In other embodiments, blank 3000 may, by way of example, be formed into a tubular shape that is arcuate (eg. circular or oval shaped) in top view.

[00241] The portions of the polyolefin laminate inner layer or non-polyolefin laminate inner layer of blank 3000 at the vertical longitudinal edges may be utilized to assist in creating the longitudinal seal.

[00242] A case blank 3000 as contemplated herein may be made from a material and/or be formed in a way that is flexible so that it may be re-configured from a generally flat configuration to a generally tubular configuration positioned around the outer surface of a blank support device such as a mandrel, as will be described hereinafter. The case blank 3000 may thereafter be supplemented with a base / bottom component to form a paperboard can with an upper opening to receive one or more items. For example, to form a tubular shaped side wall that is rectangular or square in shape in top view, a blank 3000 may have side wall panels B, C, D and minor side wall panels A and E. Minor side wall panels A and E may have a width that is half the width of sidewall panel C. Panels D and B may have the same width as panel C or a width that is different than the width of panel C.

[00243] Fold lines (shown in broken lines) may be provided between adjacent panels A-E. Thus, side wall panel B may be located adjacent to and joined at a vertical side edge along a fold line (all fold lines shown in broken lines in Figure 33) to a vertical side edge of side wall panel C. Side wall panel C may be located adjacent to and joined at an opposite vertical side edge along a fold line to a vertical side edge of side wall panel D. Side wall panel D may be located adjacent to and joined at an opposite vertical side edge along a fold line to a side edge of minor side wall panel E. Another, opposite side, minor side wall panel A may be may be located adjacent to and joined at an opposite vertical side edge along a fold line to a side edge of side wall panel B. Minor side wall panels A and E may have vertical outer side edge surfaces which as described below, may be brought into abutment with each other and sealed together to provide a continuous longitudinal seal along the abutting panels A and E. The seal may be impermeable to gases and/or liquids.

[00244] As indicated, panels A-E may be fixedly connected to and/or integrally formed with, adjacent panels by/along predetermined fold lines. These fold lines may be formed by a weakened area of material and /or the formation of a crease with a crease forming apparatus. The effect of the fold line is such that when one panel such as for example panel A is bent relative to an adjacent panel B, the panels A and B will tend to be pivoted relative to each other along the common fold line.

[00245] As will be described hereinafter, the side wall panels A, B, C, D and E, may be folded and sealed to form a tubular configuration that can be then provided with one or more bottom components to provide a sealed and suitably strong bottom. The open top formed paperboard can thereafter be filled with one or more items, and then top sealed with one or more top components such as a top/lid.

[00246] With reference to Figure 33A, an alternate flat case blank 4000 to flat case blank

3000, that is also suitable to form a paperboard can, is illustrated. Case blank 4000 may be constructed substantially identically to case blank 3000, but may also include an integrally formed bottom panel G (which provides an opening closure portion) made from the same materials and in the same manner as side wall panels A-E. Panels A-E and G may be formed together and as one continuous, integrally connected unit. Thus, blank Panel G may be integrally connected to side wall panel C along a transverse fold line 4003 at a lower horizontal/transverse edge of panel C. Panel G may also be made of the same multi-layer materials as the remainder of blank 4000 and may be integrally formed therewith. Once the tubular side wall has been formed from panels A-E, panel G may be folded upwards along the lower generally horizontally/transversely oriented fold line 4003 with panel C, to engage with the inward facing surface of the tubular side wall to provide a bottom sealing panel for the paperboard can formed.

[00247] Panel G may have an outer perimeter 4005 which is slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Panel G may also have a continuous fold line 4007 that generally follows but is spaced inwardly from perimeter 4005. Fold line 4007 and perimeter 4005 define there between, an edge portion 4006 that may be folded at a fold line 4007 downwards and may have an inwardly directed surface portion that provides contact with a lower edge portion of the inner wall surface of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. When folded upwards, edge portion 4006 of panel G may engage with lower edge portions of panels A-E to provide a continuous sealed connection between the tubular side wall provided by panels A-E and bottom panel G. This may be accomplished for example by induction heating of the metal foil layer in both the area of edge portion 4006 of panel G and the area of the metal foil layer in lower edge portion of the inner wall of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. When those portions are heated and brought into contact with each other, the interfacing surfaces will melt and bond together to form a continuous seal at the bottom of the side wall with panel G.

[00248] With reference to Figure 33B, another alternate flat case blank 5000 to flat case blanks 3000 and 4000, that is also suitable to form a paperboard can, is illustrated. Case blank 5000 may be constructed substantially identically to case blank 4000, with blank 5000 having an integrally formed bottom panel G integrally connected to and extending away from panel C along a fold line 5003. Blank 500 may additionally include an integrally formed top panel F (that may be another opening closure portion) that has is connected to and extends away from side wall panel C along a fold line 5004 at an upper horizontal/transverse edge of panel C. Panel F may also be made of the same multi-layer materials and in the same manner as the rest of blank 5000. Panels A-E, G and F may be formed together and as one continuous, integrally connected unit. Panel F may during formation of a paperboard can, be folded downwards along the generally upper horizontally/transversely oriented fold line 5004. Panel F may have an outer perimeter 4025 which is slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Panel F may also have a fold line 5027 that generally follows but is spaced inwardly from perimeter 5025. Fold line 5027 and perimeter 5025 define an edge portion 5026 that may be folded at a fold line 5027 upwards and may have inwardly directed surface portion that provides contact with the inner wall edge portions of the upper end of tubular side wall formed by panels A-E.

[00249] Once the tubular side wall from panels A-E has been formed, panel G may folded upwards and sealed as described above. Similarly, once items have been loaded into the open top paperboard can, panel F can be folded downwards, causing the edge portion 4026 of panel F to bend upwards. Edge portion 4026 of panel F may then engage with upper edge portions of panels A-E and be sealed in the same manner as panel G, to provide a continuous upper sealed connection between the side wall provided panels A-E and top panel F. This may also be accomplished for example by induction heating of the metal foil layer in both the area of edge portion 5026 of panel F and the area of the metal foil layer in upper edge portion of the inner wall of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. When those portions are heated and brought into contact with each other, the interfacing surfaces will melt and bond together to form a continuous seal at the bottom of the side wall with panel F.

[00250] When fully closed and sealed, side wall panels A-E, and panels F and G, may provide an inner cavity of the paperboard can which provides a gas and/or liquid seal between the inner cavity and the external environment.

[00251] With reference now to Figure 33C, a blank 6000 is illustrated which may be substantially identical to blank 4000 as discussed above. Blank 6000 may be formed in substantially the same shape as blank 4000 and may be constructed in substantially the same manner using substantially the same materials as blank 4000. Blank 6000 may, like blank 4000, include a polyolefin laminate inner layer or non-polyolefin laminate inner layer across all of panels A-G. Additionally, pre applied to specific regions of the polyoelfine or non-polyolefin laminate inner polyolefin may be a pressure sensitive adhesive or cold seal adhesive material. Such materials are known and may comprise a quick-drying, adhesive (for e.g. latex rubber, an acrylic resin, a polyurethane resin, a silicone resin, an acrylonitrile-butadiene or isoprene copolymer resin) that once dried, will create a surface with essentially no tackiness and will only adhere to other surfaces coated with the same adhesive and when placed under pressure. Such a pressure or cold seal adhesive may be capable of being applied to a substrate material at a relatively high rate of production (eg. such as during a paperboard converting process when multiple blanks are being formed) and of drying relatively quickly. As a result, such a cold seal adhesive applied to blanks 6000 enables blanks 6000 to be manufactured at relatively high production rates. Examples of such pressure sensitive adhesives and cold seal adhesives are discussed in Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives Vol. 2, "Materials", R.l. Patrick, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y. (1969); Adhesion and Adhesives, Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, Netherlands (1967); Handbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Technology, Donates Satas, Ed., VanNostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y. (1982); EP 0372756 Bl; and US Patent No. 8,895,656 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Suitable cold seal adhesives that may be employed are available from Henkel Corporation.

[00252] Like panel G of blanks 4000 and 5000, a lower panel G of blank 6000 may have an outer perimeter 6005 which is slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Panel G may also have a fold line 6007 that generally follows but is spaced inwardly from perimeter 6005. Fold line 6007 and perimeter 6005 define an edge portion 6006 there between that may be folded at a fold line 6007 downwards and may have inwardly directed surface portion that provides contact with the inner wall portion of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E.

[00253] A lower transversely extending edge region of the inner polyolefin layer, traversing panels A-E, may be provided with a cold seal adhesive band 6010, the cold seal adhesive band 6010 being applied to the inner polyolefin layer in the blank converting process as referenced above. Panel G may also include a band 6011 of the same cold seal adhesive that which may also be applied during the converting process such that it generally extends co-extensively with edge portion 6006 of panel G, and which may also extend inwardly a short distance beyond fold line 6007.

[00254] When panel G is folded upwards, the adhesive band 6011 made be brought into contact with the adhesive band 6010 at the lower edge region of the side wall formed from panels A- E. The corresponding edge regions carrying adhesive bands 6010 and 6011 may be compressed together by suitable mechanical devices thus triggering the bonding effect of the cold seal adhesive. Thus, panel G of blank 6000 may be engaged with lower edge portions of panels A-E to provide a continuous sealed connection between the side wall provided by panels A-E and bottom panel G. By using a cold seal adhesive to create the seal, the complexity associated with providing induction heating or other comparable heating to heat a material to a melting temperature in the specific desired areas, can be avoided.

[00255] A cold seal adhesive band 6015 along the free vertical edge of panel A and a cold seal adhesive band 6016 along the opposite free vertical edge of panel E may also be provided. Such cold seal adhesive bands 6015 and 6016 may be employed in conjunction with and attach to a vertical strip of sealing tape covering abutting vertical edges of panels A and E to provide a vertical butt seal.

[00256] With reference now to Figure 33D, another paperboard can blank 7000 is illustrated which may be substantially identical to blanks 4000 and 6000 as discussed above. Blank 7000 may be formed in substantially the same shape as blanks 4000 and 6000 and may be constructed in substantially the same manner using substantially the same materials as blank 4000. Blank 7000 may also include a polyolefin inner layer. However, applied to the inner polyolefin inner layer during the forming of the paperboard may be a hot melt type adhesive material. Alternatively the hot melt type adhesive may be applied to a lower area / thin band of the blank 7000 which does not include a polyolefin layer or the metallic foil layer such that the hot melt adhesive is applied to the paperboard material.

[00257] The hot melt adhesive may be applied to the flat blank 7000 while the blank is in a flattened state, such as while it is being held in a magazine. Such hot melt adhesive materials are known and may be capable to adhering to other surfaces such as the edge perimeter region 7006 of panel G.

[00258] Like panel G in blanks 4000, 5000 and 6000, panel G of blank 7000 may have an outer perimeter 7005 which is slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Panel G may also have a fold line 7007 that generally follows but is spaced inwardly from perimeter 7005. Fold line 7007 and perimeter 7005 define an edge portion 7006 that may be folded at a fold line 7007 downwards and may have inwardly directed surface portion that provides contact with the inner wall portion of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. A lower transverse edge region traversing panels A-E may be provided with a hot melt adhesive band 7010, the hot melt adhesive being as referenced above. Hot melt adhesive band 7010 may be applied to the lower edge portion of panel A-E while the blank is held in a blank magazine as discussed below.

[00259] When panel G is folded upwards, adhesive band 6010 at the lower edge region of the side wall formed from panels A-E may engage with the facing surface of edge portion 7006 which is bent downward at fold line 7007. Compression may be applied to push together the portion of the tubular side wall carrying the adhesive band 6010 with the interfacing surface of edge portion 7006 of panel G. Thus, panel G may be engaged with lower edge portions of panels A-E to provide a continuous sealed connection between the side wall provided by panels A-E and bottom panel G.

[00260] With reference now to Figure 34, an example sequence of steps 3000(1) to 3000(7) are shown of folding and sealing a blank 3000 to form an open top paperboard can that is suitable for top loading of items and thereafter closing with a top component (not shown).

[00261] A plurality of case blanks 3000 may be presented 3000(1) in a vertically stacked arrangement with the blanks each configured in a generally flat and planar configuration. A particular individual case blank 3000 may be identified at / selected from the front of the stack of blanks for processing 3000(2). In a first folding step 3000(3), while first portion of blank 3000 (panel C) remains in the initial orientation, side wall panel B along with its connected minor panel A (a second portion of blank 3000) can be rotated together from the orientation shown at 3000(2), 90 degrees in a clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels B and C, to the configuration as shown at 3000(3). Also, optionally at substantially the same time as panels A and B are rotated 90 degrees, side wall panel D along with its connected minor panel E (a third portion) can be rotated together from the orientation shown at 3000(2), 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels D and C, to the configuration as shown at 3000(3).

[00262] In the next folding step 3000(4), minor side wall panel A (a part of the second portion) is rotated clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels A and B, to the configuration shown at 3000(4). Also, optionally at substantially the same time as panel A is being rotated 90 degrees relative to panel B, side wall panel E (a part of the third portion) is rotated from the orientation shown at 3000(3), 90 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels D and E, to the configuration as shown at 3000(3). At the configuration shown at 3000(4) panels A and E have their vertical longitudinal edges in abutment with each other such that a substantially flat continuous outer surface 3000a is formed across panels A and E. [00263] In the next step 3000(5), the abutting edges of panels A and E are sealed together such as by a strip of sealing tape 3001 that may be activated by an induction sealing device (not shown) which may heat the inner polyolefin layer material of the blank 3000 causing the polyolefin layer at the abutting vertical longitudinal edge regions of panels A and E to heat up and be bonded to the longitudinal strip of sealing tape 3001.

[00264] In the next step 3000(6), blank 3000 having been formed into a generally tubular side wall shape, that may now be generally square in top view, may be moved/translated (eg. vertically downwards or upwards) to a bottom forming station.

[00265] At step 3000(6) a bottom cup 3003 which may have been delivered to the bottom forming station, may be moved upwards into the bottom opening formed by tubular side wall of panels A-E. Bottom cup 3003 may be made from any suitable material or combination of materials. It may have a top layer surface material that is compatible for bonding with the inner layer of tubular side wall of panels A-E. The outer perimeter of cup 3003 may be slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Thus, when cup 3003 is pushed into the opening, an edge perimeter portion of cup 3003 may be folded downwards and may have inwardly directed surface that provide contact with a lower inner wall surface portion of tubular side wall formed from panels A-E. There will thus be surface to surface contact between lower edge surface portion of the inner polyolefin layer of the side wall and the surface of the cup 3003, at the edges thereof. These interfacing surfaces can then be heat activated by for example induction heating to heat the metal foil layer in the bottom region of the side wall, to melt the corresponding inner polyolefin layer and thereby form a seal which may have a high degree of integrity and seal against gases and liquids.

[00266] After the bottom portion of blank 3000 has been formed at step 3000(6), blank 3000 may be moved away to another location, and may be subsequently filled with one or more items/other cases and thereafter a top component may be inserted into the top opening of tubular side wall of panels A-E, to close and seal the completed paperboard can.

[00267] With reference now to Figure 35, an example sequence of steps 4000(1) to 1000(10) are shown of folding and sealing a flat blank 4000 to form an alternate open top paperboard can that is suitable for top loading of items.

[00268] A plurality of case blanks 4000 (as described above) may be presented 4000(1) in a vertically stacked arrangement with the blanks each configured in a generally flat and planar configuration. A particular individual case blank 4000 may be identified at / selected from the front of the stack of blanks for processing 4000(2). In a first folding step 4000(3) side wall panel B along with its connected minor panel A can be rotated together from the orientation shown at 4000(2), 90 degrees in a clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels B and C, to the configuration as shown at 4000(3). Also, optionally at substantially the same time as panels A and B are rotated 90 degrees, side wall panel D along with its connected minor panel E can be rotated together from the orientation shown at 4000(2), 90 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels D and C, to the configuration as shown at $4000(3).

[00269] In the next folding step 4000(4), minor side wall panel A is rotated clockwise 90 degrees about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels A and B, to the configuration shown at 4000(4). Also, optionally at substantially the same time as panel A is rotated 90 degrees relative to panel B, side wall panel E is rotated together from the orientation shown at 4000(3), 90 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction about the vertically oriented fold line between side wall panels D and E, to the configuration as shown at $4000(3). At the configuration shown at 4000(4) panels A and E have their vertical longitudinal edges in abutment with each other such that a substantially flat outer surface 4000a is formed across panels A and E.

[00270] In the next step 4000(5), the abutting edges of panels A and E are sealed together such as by a strip of sealing tape 4001 that may be activated by an induction sealing apparatus (not shown) which may heat the inner polyolefin layer material of the blank 4000 in the vicinity of the vertical longitudinal edges of panels A and E, causing the polyolefin layer at the abutting longitudinal edge regions of panels A and E to heat up and bond to the longitudinal strip of sealing tape 4001.

[00271] In the next step 4000(6), blank 4000 having been formed into a generally tubular shape, that may now be generally square or rectangular in top view, may be moved/translated (eg. vertically downwards or upwards) to a bottom forming station.

[00272] From steps 4000(7) to step 4000(8) to step 4000(9), tubular shaped blank 4000 may start to undergo folding upwards of bottom panel G about the fold line with panel C, as it is folded upwards (eg. by a suitable folding apparatus) to an orientation perpendicular to the tubular side wall, and into the opening at the bottom the tubular side wall, formed by panels A to E. As referenced above, the outer perimeter 4005 of panel G may be slightly larger than the opening at the bottom of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. Thus, when panel G is pushed into the opening, the edge portion 4006 may be folded at fold line 4007 downwards and may have inwardly directed surface portion that provides contact with the lower inner wall portion of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E. There will thus be surface to surface contact between lower edge region of the inner polyolefin layer of the side wall and the bottom panel G at the inner polyolefin layer of the edge portion 4006 thereof. These interfacing polyolfen surfaces can then be heat activated by for example induction heating in the vicinity of the interfacing surfaces to heat the metal foil layer therein, to melt the inner layer, to thereby form a continuous seal between the tubular side wall and bottom panel G, which may have a high degree of integrity and seal against both gases and liquids.

[00273] Optionally, (and not shown in Figure 34) a further protective bottom cup or plug portion made from a strong hard plastic material may be vertically inserted into the shallow opening remaining below panel G in side wall formed by panels A-E or may secured around the bottom edge of the tubular side wall and may be secured by for example adhesive.

[00274] After the bottom portion of blank 4000 has been formed at step 4000(9), blank 4000 may be moved away to another location, and may be subsequently filled with one or more items/other cases and thereafter a top component may be inserted into the top opening of tubular side wall of panels A-E, to close and seal the completed paperboard can.

[00275] The example sequence of steps 4000(1) to 4000(9) described above of folding and sealing a flat blank 4000 to form an open top paperboard can also be used on blank 5000 to form open top paperboard can. However, after the bottom portion of blank 5000 has been formed at step 4000(9), blank 5000 may be moved away to another location, and may be subsequently filled with one or more items/other cases. Thereafter top panel F may be folded 90 degrees at the fold line with panel C (by a suitable folding apparatus) and inserted into the top opening of tubular side wall of panels A-E. As referenced above, the outer perimeter of panel F may be slightly larger than the opening at the top of the tubular side wall formed by panels A-E.

[00276] Thus, when panel F is pushed into the top opening, the edge portion 5026 may be folded upwards and may have inwardly directed polyolefin surface that provides contact with the upper edge portion of the inner surface of tubular side wall. There will thus be surface to surface contact between the inner polyolefin layer of the tubular side wall and polyolefin layer of the edge portion of the top panel F, along the interfacing edges thereof. These interfacing surfaces can then be heat activated by for example induction heating to form a seal which may have a high degree of integrity and seal against both gases and liquids.

[00277] Blanks 6000 and 7000 may also be formed by a similar process to that depicted in

Figure 35, to form a tubular side wall structure with a closed and sealed blank.

[00278] The initial steps 4000(1) to 4000(9) may be the same, however, the steps to seal the bottom panel G to the tubular side wall may be varied to the extent that a cold seal adhesive is used to provide the bottom seal for blank 6000 and a hot melt adhesive is used to provide the bottom seal for blank 7000, as referenced above.

[00279] With reference now to Figures 36-50, in overview, a can forming system 300 may include a magazine 310 that may be adapted to hold a plurality of can blanks such as paperboard can blanks 3000 in a substantially flat vertical orientation such as is shown in Figures 36 and 37. Magazine 310 may be configured to selectively release in series single blanks 3000 from the front of the stack of plurality of blanks. In alternate embodiments, magazine 310 may be configured to hold in such an orientation and selectively release differently configured blanks such as blanks 4000, 5000, 6000 and/or 7000.

[00280] With particular reference to Figures 36 and 37, system 300 may also include a blank support apparatus (also referred to herein as a mandrel apparatus) 320 and a panel rotating sub system 334. Panel rotating sub-system 334 may be configured to engage a blank 3000 on at least two transversely spaced apart outward facing panel surfaces of the blank as the blank is held in the magazine 310 and rotate panels of the blank 3000 around a blank support device (referred to herein as a mandrel) 337 of blank support apparatus 320 in such a manner that the blank panel surfaces that are engaged by panel rotating sub-system 334 become inner surfaces of the side wall for a tubular shaped paperboard can 3000' (see Figure 50).

[00281] Panel rotating sub-system 334 may utilize at least two panel rotating apparatuses in order to engage with surfaces of a plurality of panels of a blank 3000 as the blank is held in a generally flat configuration the magazine 310 and rotate those panels (and possibly certain other panels of the same blank 3000 interconnected thereto), relative to each other and relative to one or more other panels which may be initially retained in magazine 310 in the initial position and orientation. For example, panel rotating apparatus 334 may include a first panel rotating apparatus 324a and a second panel rotating apparatus 324b. Panel rotating apparatus 324a may be configured and operable to engage with a facing surface of panel D of a blank 3000 held in magazine 310. Panel rotating apparatus 324b may be configured and operable to engage with a facing surface of a panel B of a blank held in magazine 310.

[00282] Panel rotating sub-system 334 may also include a third panel rotating apparatus 330, and a fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 (see Figures 36, 36A-C and 37) as described further below. Third panel rotating apparatus 330 may be operable to rotate panel E, 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction relative to panel D about the fold line between panels D and E. Similarly, fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 may be operable to rotate panel A, 90 degrees in a clockwise direction relative to panel B about the fold line between panels A and B.

[00283] Can forming system 300 may also include a support frame 340 and a vertical mandrel movement apparatus 336 (designated generally in Figures 36A and 36B).

[00284] The operation of the components of carton forming system 300 may be controlled by a controller such as a programmable logic controller ("PLC") 332 which may be configured generally like PLC 132 described above. PLC 332 may be in communication with and control all the components/sub-systems of system 300, in a manner such as is generally depicted schematically in Figure 51 and may also control other components / sub-systems associated therewith. PLC 332 may also include a Human-Machine-lnterface (HMI) such as the Allen Bradley Panelview 700 plus colour touch screen graphic workstation so that the operation of system 300 can be monitored, started, operated, controlled, stopped, modified for different blank configurations, by an operator using a touch screen panel.

[00285] Generally vertically oriented support frame 340 may support mandrel movement apparatus 336 to provide for vertical reciprocating upwards and downwards movement of mandrel 337. It should be noted that although system 300 is shown in the Figures as being generally oriented for vertical movement of the mandrel movement apparatus 336, alternative orientations can be utilized in other embodiments.

[00286] Mandrel movement apparatus 336 may include a generally vertically oriented linear rail 342 (Figures 36A, 36B). Linear rail 342 may support a carriage block 344 for sliding upward and downward sliding vertical movement relative to support frame 340 (Figures 36, 36A, 36B and 39). It should be noted that in some of the Figures depicting system 300, for simplicity or clarity, support frame 340 and linear rail 342, and/or some other components, have been omitted.

[00287] In a manner similar to system 100 as described above, the movement of carriage block 344 on linear rail 342 may be driven by a continuous drive belt 343 interconnected to carriage block 344, supported on vertical support frame 340. Drive belt 343 may be interconnected to, and driven by, a drive wheel 345a of servo drive motor 345, which may be mounted at an upper end portion of vertical support frame 340. An encoder (not shown) may be associated with servo drive motor 345 and the encoder and servo drive motor may be in communication with PLC 332. In this way, PLC 332 on receiving signals from the encoder may be able to monitor and control the vertical position of carriage block 344 (and the components interconnected thereto) by appropriately controlling and operating servo drive motor 345. [00288] Carriage block 344 may support and be rigidly connected to a carriage support arm

346 (Figures 36A-C, 38 and 39) that may be generally oriented horizontally and longitudinally. The outer end of carriage support arm 346 may be rigidly connected to a mandrel support apparatus generally designated 348 (Figure 37). Mandrel support apparatus 348 may generally support a mandrel 337 (Figures 36 and 44).

[00289] Magazine 310 may be configured to hold a plurality of case blanks 3000 in a stacked, vertically and transversely oriented, flat configuration on their bottom edges. Many different types and/or constructions of a suitable magazine 310 might be employed in system 300. Magazine 310 may be configured to hold a plurality of case blanks 3000 that may be held in a longitudinally extending, stacked arrangement. Magazine 310 may be adapted to present an outward facing surface of a plurality of case blanks 3000, individually in turn. Magazine 310 may comprise a large number of case blanks 3000 held in a generally vertically and transversely oriented, longitudinally extending, case blank stack by side walls. In this configuration where case blanks 3000 are individually and selectively retrieved in series from the front of a stack of generally flat blanks, the stack of case blanks 3000 in the magazine can be moved forward by a longitudinally oriented conveyor which may constructed like the conveyor system in the magazine of system 100, as described above.

[00290] The purpose of moving the stack of blanks 3000 forward is so that the facing surface of panel C of the most forward case blank 3000 in the stack is positioned and held close to or against an outer generally adjacent surface of a transverse and vertical side wall 321a of mandrel 337 (Figure 36). This enables first panel rotating apparatus 324a and second panel rotating apparatus 324b to be able to engage other exposed facing surfaces of panels D and B respectively (Figures 36 and 37) of the forward most case blank 3000 in the stack held in magazine 110, as described further hereinafter. Additionally, a back pressure device (not shown) may be provided that can apply a back pressure against the case blank stack in a longitudinal direction toward the front of the magazine, of a magnitude and direction sufficient to keep the stack upright and prevent it from falling longitudinally backwards as the case blank stack on conveyors is indexed longitudinally forward to maintain the next case blank 3000 at the front of the stack securely in a pick-up position.

[00291] Magazine 310 may be constructed and operate in manner similar to magazine 110 as described above. In overview, magazine 310 may have a magazine frame generally designated 327 (Figures 36, 36A and 36B). Magazine 310 may include a conveyor system to move flat case blanks 3000 sequentially to a pick-up position. A wide variety of conveyor systems or other case blank movement systems may be employed. By way of example, conveyor system may include a conveyor 313 (Figure 36A) mounted to frame 327, and having a generally horizontal floor plate 315. Conveyor 313 may be operated to move longitudinally together to move case blanks 3000 in a stack of blanks forward in the magazine, while being maintained in a generally transverse and vertical orientation.

[00292] A motor such as a DC motor in communication with PLC may be inter connected to conveyor belts 312 of conveyor 313 to intermittently move a stack of blanks 3000 forward such that a front positioned blank in the stack is continuously available in a pick-up position.

[00293] The stack of case blanks 3000 may be supported at vertically oriented side edges by longitudinally and vertically oriented side wall plates 314a, 314b that may be spaced apart from each other and oriented generally parallel to each other. One or both of side wall plates 314a, 314b may be mounted on transversely oriented and movable rods that are supported on magazine frame 327. Actuation of rods may be made by any suitable mechanism such as by way of example only, servo drive motors with appropriate drive shafts and gear mechanisms or a hand operated gear and crank shaft mechanism. Side wall plates 314a, 314b serve to guide the case blanks 3000 within magazine 310 and can be accurately adjusted to be in close proximity to or contact with the particular case blank size that is being handled at a particular time. This adjustability of the relative transverse spacing of side walls 314a, 314b allows for case blanks of different widths to be held in magazine 310 for processing as described herein. Other modifications to magazine 310 may be provided to accommodate blanks of different configurations such as the configurations of blanks 4000, 5000, 6000 or 7000. For example, panels E/D may be supported on one side of the blank by one conveyor belt and panels A/B may be supported on an opposite transverse side by another second conveyor belt running in parallel to the first conveyor belt. The first and second conveyor belts may be transversely spaced apart to provide a longitudinal opening to permit the lower panels G to move with the remainder of the blanks.

[00294] Selected panels of the forward most blank 3000 may be pulled away from holding clips (not shown) associated with magazine 310 by first panel rotating apparatus 324a and second panel rotating apparatus 324b, from retention by magazine 310, then rotated (wrapped) at least partially around mandrel 337. As case blanks 3000 are taken from magazine 310 and formed, PLC may cause the conveyor of magazine 310 to move the entire stack forward sequentially so that the most forward case blank 3000 has its the outward facing surface of major panel C positioned against or very close to adjacent outer rear vertically and transversely oriented surface of mandrel 337. A sensor (not shown) in communication PLC 332 may be provided to monitor the level of case blanks 3000 in magazine 310 during operation of can forming system 310. Magazine 310 can be loaded with additional flat case blanks 3000 at the rear of the magazine.

[00295] Electronic sensors (not shown) in communication with PLC 332 may be positioned to monitor the stack of blanks and ensure that a blank 3000 at the front of the stack of blanks is properly positioned at the pick-up position.

[00296] Clip mechanisms similar to those clip mechanisms llla-111 described above in system 100, including clip mechanisms 311a (Figure 36) and 311d (Figures 36A and 36B) may be provided to releasably hold each case blank 3000 that is at the front of the stack within magazine 310, and thus hold the stack in place. When first panel rotating mechanism 324a and second panel rotating mechanism 324b selectively engage panels D and B respectively, as described hereinafter, clip mechanisms allow for the engaged and interconnected panels D/E and A/B of the front blank 3000 in the stack to be pulled away from the same corresponding panels on the blank immediately behind the front blank in the stack held in the magazine. Also, clip mechanisms will hold panel C in magazine 310 while the panels D/E and A/B are being wrapped around the mandrel 337, but will then allow for the release of panel C to allow the remaining portion of case blank 3000 to be removed from being held by magazine 310 and move vertically downward once the case blank 3000 and mandrel 337 to which it is secured moves vertically downwards, as described further hereinafter.

[00297] First and second panel rotating apparatuses 324a, 324b may be one of numerous types of robotic systems but may alternatively be a simple servo driven motors controlled by PLC 332 which includes a generally vertically oriented drive shaft with rotatable members attached thereto. First and second panel rotating apparatuses 324a, 324b may be capable of intermittent motion to rotate the rotatable members. The rotatable members may carry panel engagement devices.

[00298] With particular reference to Figures 36, 36A-C, 37 and 39, first panel rotating apparatus 324a may be laterally spaced apart from second panel rotating apparatus 324b and both may be mounted to a fixed, transversely oriented support member 356. Robot support member 356 may be fixedly supported at opposed ends by, and at first ends of, a pair of transversely spaced, longitudinally oriented robot support member 358a, 358b. The opposite ends of transversely spaced, longitudinally oriented robot support members 358a, 358b may be fixedly mounted to vertical support frame 340.

[00299] With particular reference to Figure 36C, a transversely oriented linear rail 397 may be mounted to transverse support member 356 that is connected to longitudinal space support members 358a, 358b and which forms part of support frame 340. Linear rail 397 may engage with rotary bearings provided on complimentary surfaces of first panel rotating apparatuses 324a, 324b. Thus panel rotating apparatuses 324a, 324b may be operable for sliding movement along linear rail 397 so that a desired transverse position in relation to blanks 3000 held in magazine 327 can be selected. A transversely extending scale 371 on the top of support member 356 can be useful in moving the rotating apparatuses to the appropriate transverse positions on linear rail 397 that allows for the sequence of operations described hereinafter.

[00300] First panel rotating apparatus 324a may include a support frame 376a which may carry the linear bearings which provide for attachment to and sliding movement relative to linear rail 397. Similarly, second panel rotating apparatus 324b may include a support frame 376b which may carry the linear bearings which provide for sliding attachment to linear rail 397.

[00301] First panel rotating apparatus 324a may include a rotational drive unit 360a (Figure

39) that may be supported on support frame 376a. Extending from a lower end of rotational drive unit 360a is a rotational drive that may comprise a drive shaft that is operable for rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise about a first vertical axis of rotation. The drive shaft and its axis of rotation, may be aligned transversely and longitudinally with, and may be positioned above, an inward corner of mandrel 337. The drive shaft of rotational drive unit 360a may be operably connected to a first end portion (Figures 38 and 41) of a first articulating arm 362a. Thus, when rotational drive unit 360a, under the control of PLC, causes the drive shaft of rotational drive unit 360a to rotate, first articulating arm 362a is able to pivot clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the drive shaft about a vertical axis, depending upon the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

[00302] Mounted to the opposite end of articulating arm 362a of first rotational drive 364a is a vertically oriented end effector rod 366a (Figure 41) formed in a generally tubular cylinder and having one or more suction cups 368a.

[00303] Air suction cups 368a may be interconnected through hoses passing through cavities in end effector 366a, articulating arm 362a and rotational drive 360a to a source of vacuum by providing for an air channel through the aforesaid components. The supply of vacuum to suction cups 368a may be provided by a pressurized air distribution unit generally designated 427 (see Figure 51). Air distribution unit 427 may include a plurality of valves that may be operated by PLC 332 and may also include local vacuum generator apparatuses that may be in close proximity to, or integrated as part of, suction cups 368a. In other embodiments, a vacuum pump mounted externally may generate vacuum externally and then vacuum can be supplied through the aforementioned air channels. If local vacuum generators are utilized, pressurized air may be delivered from an external source through air distribution unit 427 to the vacuum generators. The local vacuum generators may then convert the pressurized air to vacuum that can then be delivered to suction cups 368a.

[00304] The air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups

368a will be sufficient so that when activated by PLC they can engage and hold panel D, and rotate panel D (along with panel E) of a case blank 3000 from (i) the position shown in Figure 36 to (ii) the position shown in Figure 38, and then (iii) after releasing a first engaged blank 3000, eventually return to the position shown in Figure 36 to engage a panel D of the next case blank 3000 positioned at the pick-up position in magazine 310. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 368a can be activated and de-activated by PLC through operation of air distribution unit 427.

[00305] Second panel rotating apparatus 324b may be constructed and configured in generally the same manner as first panel rotating apparatus 324a. Second panel rotating apparatus 324b may operate in opposite rotational directions to first panel rotating apparatus 324a, when engaging and rotating other panels of blank 3000 than the panels engaged and rotated by first panel rotating apparatus 324a.

[00306] Second panel rotating apparatus 324b may include a rotational drive unit 360b

(Figure 39) that may be supported on support frame 376b. Extending from a lower end of rotational drive unit 360b is a rotational drive that may comprise a drive shaft that is operable for rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise about a vertical axis of rotation. The drive shaft and its axis of rotation, may be aligned transversely and longitudinally with, and may be positioned above, an inward corner of mandrel 337, that inward corner being transversely opposite to the corner which the drive shaft of first panel rotating apparatus 324a is positioned.

[00307] Extending from an opposite lower end of first rotation drive unit 360b is a second rotational drive (that may comprise a drive shaft that is not visible) that is operable for rotation clockwise and anti-clockwise about a second vertical axis of rotation. The drive shaft of second rotational drive unit 360b is operably connected to a first end portion (Figures 38 and 41) of a corresponding articulating arm 362b (Figure 40). Thus, when rotational drive unit 360b, under the control of PLC 332, causes the drive shaft of second rotational drive unit 360b to rotate, articulating arm 362b is able to pivot clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the drive shaft about a vertical axis, depending upon the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

[00308] Mounted to the opposite end of articulating arm 362b of rotational drive 364b is a vertically oriented end effector rod 366b (Figure 41) formed in a generally tubular cylinder and having one or more suction cups 368b. [00309] Air suction cups 368b may, like air suction cups 368a, be interconnected through hoses passing through cavities in end effector 366b, articulating arm 362b and rotational drive 360b to a source of vacuum by providing for an air channel through the aforesaid components. The supply of vacuum to suction cups 368b may also be provided by pressurized air distribution unit 427. Air distribution unit 427 may include a plurality of valves that may be operated by PLC 332 and may also include local vacuum generator apparatuses that may be in close proximity to, or integrated as part of, suction cups 368b. In other embodiments, a vacuum pump mounted externally may generate vacuum externally and then vacuum can be supplied through the aforementioned air channels. If local vacuum generators are utilized, pressurized air may be delivered from an external source through air distribution unit 427 to the vacuum generators. The local vacuum generators may then convert the pressurized air to vacuum that can then be delivered to suction cups 368b.

[00310] The air suction force that may be developed at the outer surfaces of suction cups

368b will be sufficient so that when activated they can engage and hold panel B, and rotate panel B (along with panel A) of a case blank 3000 from (i) the position shown in Figure 36 to (ii) the position shown in Figure 38, and then (iii) after releasing a first engaged blank 3000, eventually return to the position shown in Figure 36 to engage the next case blank 3000 positioned at the pick-up position in magazine 310. The vacuum generated at suctions cups 368b, like suction cups 368a, can be activated and de-activated by PLC through operation of air distribution unit 427.

[00311] First rotating apparatus 324a and second rotating apparatus 324b, may be configured to be readily adjustable for different types/configurations of mandrel apparatuses 320, including mandrels 337, for forming different types/configurations of blanks such as blanks 3000 into tubular side wall of paperboard cans, by suitable programming of PLC appropriately to provide for appropriate movements of the suctions cups 368a, 368b, through movement of the first and second rotational drives 360a, 360b respectively and by adjustment of first and second rotating apparatuses 324a, 324b on linear rail 397. For example the articulating arms 362a, 362b may be interchanged to provide for arms of different lengths. Thus by an interchange of mandrel 337 to provide for alternate configurations of the mandrel side wall, PLC 332 and its operation of first rotating apparatus 324a and second rotating apparatus 324b, may be appropriately modified and programmed and thus different sized and configurations of blanks may be processed.

[00312] Mandrel apparatus 320 may have several components including mandrel 337 (Figure

36) and mandrel support apparatus generally designated 348 (Figure 39). Mandrel 337 may be easily removable from fixed connection to mandrel support apparatus 348, so that a mandrel of one configuration may be easily replaced with a mandrel of another configuration.

[00313] With particular reference to Figures 36 and 37, mandrel 337 may comprise a pair of opposed, generally rectangular or square, spaced, vertically and transversely oriented, spaced, side walls 321a, 321b fixedly interconnected or integrally formed, with a pair of opposed, generally rectangular or square, spaced, vertically and longitudinally oriented, spaced, side walls 322a, 322b. Side walls 121a, 121b, 122, 122b may be connected/integrally formed to provide a generally cuboid, open top and bottom, square box shape. Alternate, substitutable mandrels 337 may be generally configured in a variety of different sizes and shapes, each selected for the particular type of case blank 3000 to be formed into a paperboard can.

[00314] The dimensions of the outer surfaces of mandrel 337 may be selected so that the specific can blank 3000 that it is desired to fold has, during the forming process, vertical fold lines that are located substantially at or along the four corner vertical side edges of mandrel 337. Such a selection may improve the performance of can forming system 300 in creating a formed can that is ready for loading with items. Mandrel 337, and surrounding components in system 300, may be configured to permit for the easy interchange of mandrels 337 so that can forming system 300 can be readily adapted to forming differently sized / shaped cases from differently configured case blanks 3000.

[00315] With reference to Figure 36, left side mandrel side wall 322a may be provided with a vertical slot 323a that may be configured to permit a lower portion of end effector 366a and suction cups 368a thereon to move from the position shown in Figure 36 to pass through slot 323a to the position shown in Figures 38 and 39. By allowing the end effector 366a to pass through vertical slot 323a, end effector 366a, and in particular suction cups 368a, may engage the outer surface of the panel D of blank 3000 when it is held in magazine 310 and bring panel D into face to face relation with the outward facing surface of mandrel side wall 322a. The surface of panel D being held by suction cups 368a becomes an inner surface of the tubular shaped blank and side panel D may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of side wall 322a of mandrel 337, as shown.

[00316] Similarly, with reference to Figure 36C, the transversely opposite, right side mandrel side wall 322b may be provided with a similar vertical slot 323b that may be configured to permit a lower portion of end effector 366b, and suction cups 368b thereon, to move from the position shown in Figure 37 to pass through slot 323b to the position shown in Figure 38. By allowing the end effector 366b to pass through vertical slot 323b, end effector 366b, and in particular suction cups 368b, may engage the outer surface of the side panel B of blank 3000 when it is held in magazine 310 and bring panel B into face to face relation with the outward facing surface of side wall 322b. The surface of panel B being held by suction cups 368b becomes an inner surface of the tubular shaped blank and side panel B may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of major side wall 322b of mandrel 337, as shown.

[00317] Mandrel 337 may have one or more laterally extending tabs 370 (Figures 36 and 36C) at the upper perimeter edge. This ensures that when the mandrel 337 moves vertically downward with a blank 3000 wrapped around it and formed into a tube, the upper edge of the tubular shaped blank with its side wall formed from panels A-E will move vertically downwards with mandrel 337 as the edge of the side wall engages the downward facing surfaces of the tabs 370 such that the tabs 370 exert a downward force on the upper edge of the tubular side wall.

Mandrel side walls 321a, 321b, may be configured to facilitate the support of mandrel 337 on mandrel support apparatus 348. In particular vertical side support members 350a, 350b (Figures 39, 40 and 48) may be connected to a generally U-shaped support frame with side members 349a, 349b which may be supported at, and fixedly connected to, an outer end of carriage support arm 346. Support arm 349a may have secured to a distal end thereof vertical attachment member 350a. Similarly, support arm 349b may have secured to a distal end thereof vertical attachment member 350b (Figures 39, 47 and 48). Mandrel 337 may be connected to lower portions of vertical side support members 350a, 350b with releasable nuts/bolts to permit relatively easy interchange of differently sized / configured mandrels that are suitable for processing differently sized/configured blanks.

[00318] With reference to Figures 39 and 48, as noted above, mandrel support apparatus 368 is fixedly attached of a first end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 346. The opposite end portion of longitudinally oriented and extending carriage arm 346 is fixedly connected to carriage block 344. Carriage block 344 is attached for sliding vertical upward and downward movement on vertically oriented linear rail 342. Linear rail 342 may for example be a linear rail device of many types made for example by Bosch Rexroth AG and provides a vertical movement apparatus 336 for mandrel 337 and the mandrel supporting apparatus 368.

[00319] Linear rail 142 may be mounted to vertical support frame 340. As indicated above, linear rail 342 may have a carriage drive mechanism which is operable under the control of PLC to move the carriage 344 and thus also mandrel 337 vertically upwards and downwards within a range of movement as required for completing the can forming operations described herein.

[00320] It will also be appreciated that in first panel rotation apparatus 324a and second panel rotating apparatus 324b, suction cups 368a, 368 respectively are used to apply a force to engage and move panels of a blank 3000. However alternative engagement mechanisms to suction cups could be employed in other embodiments to engage and rotate panels of blanks 3000.

[00321] The next components of system 300 to be described in detail are third panel rotating apparatus 330 and fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 (see Figures 36 and 37) which are respectively configured to cause panels E and A to be folded 90 degrees relative to panels D and B respectively about their corresponding panel fold lines to complete the wrapping of the panels A-E around the outward facing surfaces of mandrel 337 to form a generally square tubular shape as shown in Figures 40 and 41.

[00322] Third panel rotating apparatus 330 is operable to rotate panel E counter clockwise 90 degrees about the fold line with panel D. Fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 is operable to rotate panel A clockwise 90 degrees about the fold line with panel B. When panels A and E are so rotated, the vertical longitudinal side edges of the panels come into abutment with each other. Between the inner surface of the panels A and E (when they are rotated relative to panels B and D respectively, and have their vertical edges in abutment with each other) and the outward facing surface of side wall 321a of mandrel 337, is provided a strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499 (see Figures 36, 36C and 37). In some embodiments, sealing tape 499 may for example be a metalized foil ribbon material such as the same material that is used in the intermediate metallic foil layer in the blank. Sealing tape may be in some embodiments be the same or a similar material to that used in the inner layer of the blank such as a polyolefin layer which will bond to the polyolefin layer on the inner surface of the blank when appropriately heated, or it may be a material comprising a combination of these two materials from the blank, with the polyolefin layer of the sealing tape being in face to face relation with the polyolefin layer of the tubular blank at the abutting edges of the panels A/E of the blank. In other embodiments, a plastic type material bearing a cold seal adhesive may be employed for the sealing tape.

[00323] Sealing tape 499 may be wound around and delivered from a reel/spool 498 which feeds sealing tape 499 over wheels 497 and 496 to a sealing tape support bracket device 495. Bracket device 495 may be mounted to transverse support member 356 and may include a vertically oriented guide channel which allows for sealing tape 499 to be delivered to provide a strip portion 494 to be positioned and held in vertical orientation on the outward facing surface of side wall 321a of mandrel 337 opposite and spanning the abutting vertical edges of panels A and E.

[00324] Third panel rotating apparatus 330 and fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 may each include a respective transversely oriented plough device, 410a, 410b, each having a plough plate that may be moved transversely in intermittent, reciprocating transverse movement outwards and inwards a desired amount by corresponding actuating double acting pneumatic cylinders 412a, 412b with movable piston arms that are connected to plough devices 410a, 410b. The transverse movement of plough devices 410a, 410b may be controlled by valves in air distribution unit 427 (not shown) that selectively deliver pressurized air through hoses (not shown) to respective double acting pneumatic cylinders 412a, 412b, under the control of PLC. The plough devices 410a, 410b may be configured such that the movement of plough plates of plough devices 410a, 410b may engage and push on panels E and A respectively causing rotating of panels E and A 90 degrees relative to panels D and B respectively about the corresponding panel fold lines.

[00325] System 300 may also include a sealing device 490 (Figures 36, 36C, 37, 38 and 41) which may also include a vertically oriented sealing jaw (aka sealing bar) 421 that may be moved longitudinally in intermittent, reciprocating movement by double acting pneumatic cylinder 422 with movable piston arm 423 (Figure 40), within a desired range outwards and inwards. The transverse reciprocating intermittent movement of sealing jaw 421 may be controlled by valves (not shown) that selectively deliver pressurized air through hoses (not shown) to pneumatic cylinder 422 that may be supplied by pressurized air controlled by valves in air distribution unit 427, under the control of PLC 332. With reference to Figure 40, when piston arm 423is extended, sealing jaw 421 will be received into a vertical longitudinal gap between the extended vertical edges of plough devices 410a, 410b and be able to engage the abutting outward faces of the edges of panels A and E.

[00326] Fleat can be applied to the polyolefin layer in the vertical edge portions of the abutting panels A and E and to the strip portion 494 which includes a metalized foil material, to thereby melt the polyolefin layer in the abutting edge regions. The melted polyolefin material will then bond to sealing strip 494 that is adjacent to and overlaps the vertical edges of abutting panels A and E. For example, heating may be provided sealing jaw 421 which may contain therein electrical heating elements (such as induction heating components that may be powered by electrical current supplied to sealing device 490.

[00327] Once strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499, that extends down the entire abutting joint, has bonded to panels A and E, the tubular sidewall shaped for a paperboard can has been formed. As the mandrel 337 is moved vertically downwards by mandrel movement apparatus 336, strip portion 494 of the sealing strip 499 that has been bonded to the abutting vertical edge region of panels A/E will also be moved downwards with the mandrel 337 and he tubular shaped blank 3000. This downward movement will pull down an additional strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499 from reel 498 that will be retained in the guide in bracket device 495, and will be available to be used to seal the vertical abutting edges of panels A/E on the next blank 3000 that will be processed by can forming system 300.

[00328] When one sealing strip portion 494 attached to the vertical edge region of abutting panels A and E of a blank 3000 that has been already formed into a tubular shape on mandrel 337, has been moved down sufficiently to provide for the next sealing strip portion 494 to be appropriately positioned in guide device 495, a cutting device (not shown) will be employed to cut the sealing strip portion 494 that is attached to panels A/E of the tubular blank 3000 that has moved downward vertically, at the top vertical edges of abutting panels A and E, so that the sealing strip portion 494 that is attached to that tubular blank 3000 that has moved downward, is detached from the reel of sealing tape 499 being fed from reel 498.

[00329] The cutting device may be a scissor style cutting device and its operation may be controlled by PLC 332. The aforementioned components of third panel rotating apparatus 330, fourth panel rotating apparatus 331, and sealing device 490 may be mounted to frame members (not shown for simplicity) of support frame 340. In some embodiments, the horizontal longitudinal / transverse positions and possibly also their vertical positions may be adjustable on the frame to enable the components thereof to accommodate / substitute different sized/configured mandrel apparatuses 320 and corresponding different size and configuration of blanks. The adjustment may be made by hand and/or by servo motors operating moving support components under control of PLC 332.

[00330] Pneumatic cylinders 412a, 412b and 422 may each be a conventional double / two way acting pneumatic reciprocating cylinder with piston arms that are operable to move in a reciprocal movement between fully extended positions and fully retracted positions. Compressed air may be delivered to pneumatic cylinders 412a, 412b, 422, by hoses (not shown) in communication with a source of pressurized air through air distribution unit 427. To channel the compressed air appropriately, valves (not shown) in distribution unit 427 can be driven between open and closed positions by solenoids responsive to signals from PLC 332. The valves could be located proximate the pneumatic cylinders or be disposed elsewhere. Electrical communication lines carrying signals to and from PLC 332 could also be provided to operate the valves.

[00331] It should also be noted that during the downward vertical movement of a case blank

3000 secured to mandrel 337, one or more compression rails (not shown) supported on part of vertical support frame 140 may be configured and positioned to apply pressure to the panels A and E pushing against the outward surface of side wall 121a of mandrel 337, to ensure appropriate sealing of panels A and E to the sealing strip portion 494.

[00332] With particular reference now to Figures 36A and 43, a can discharge conveyor 3102 (for simplicity not shown in the other Figures) may be provided with a continuous conveyor belt 3105 driven in a conventional manner by a drive motor under control of PLC. Conveyor belt 3105 may be configured with a top run to support and move open topped cans 3000' formed from blanks 3000 by case forming system 300. Can discharge conveyor 3102 may be supported on frame support leg components 340a, 340b (Figure 36A) which may be part of frame 340.

[00333] With particular reference to Figure 44, a bottom cup delivery conveyor 3501 which may be under control of PLC 332 may be provided with a pair of spaced apart continuous conveyor belts 3502a, 3502b driven in a conventional manner by a drive motor 3504 with drive wheels 3505a, 3505b, under control of PLC and configured to support and deliver a plurality of bottom cups 3510 in series to a bottom forming station generally designated 3506.

[00334] With reference to Figures 42-46, at bottom forming station 3506 may also be horizontal support and forming plate 3509 having an opening 3509a through which a bottom cup 3510 may be moved vertically upwards by a vertical lift mechanism 3507 under control of PLC 332 from cup delivery conveyor 3501 through opening 3509a. Vertical lift mechanism 3507 may include a two way acting pneumatic cylinder 3509 with piston arm connected to a lift platform 3510. Pneumatic cylinder 3569 may move lift platform 3510 vertically movable upwards and downwards as pneumatic cylinder 3569 is activated by valves controlled by PLC 332.

[00335] When a bottom cup 3510 is transversely and horizontally aligned with opening 3509a of plate 3509, vertical lift mechanism 3507 may lift an aligned bottom cup upwards through opening 3509a. Depending upon the nature of the construction of bottom cup 3510, the size and configuration of opening 3509a may be configured such that plate 3509 functions as a former, in that a perimeter edge portion of the bottom cup 3510 may be bent downwards relative to the remaining body portion of bottom cup 3510 as bottom cup 3510 is pushed through opening 3509a. This may provide an edge surface portion of the bottom cup to more easily facilitate bonding with and sealing to the inner wall surface of tubular shaped side wall of blank 3000.

[00336] Vertical lift mechanism 3507 may continue lifting bottom cup 3510 and/or vertical movement apparatus 348 of mandrel 337 such that bottom cup 3510 is moved into the lower opening of tubular shaped blank 3000. The bottom edge of mandrel 337 may be located above the lower edge of the tubular shaped side wall of blank 3000 to provide adequate space for bottom cup 3510 to be received into the lower opening of the tubular shaped blank.

[00337] With reference to Figures 42 to 48, a heating apparatus 3600 under control of PLC

332 is provided which is operable to engage the outer perimeter of tubular shaped blank 3300 that is wrapped around mandrel 337 when the mandrel 337 has positioned the blank 3000 at a bottom forming position at bottom forming station 3506 (as shown in Figures 47 and 48). Fleating apparatus 3660 may include a first heating fork 3610a that is mounted to the piston arm of a double acting pneumatic cylinder 3611a. Pneumatic cylinder 3611a may move heating fork 3610a in reciprocating longitudinal and horizontal movement activated by valves controlled by PLC 332 between an engaged heating position (Figures 47 and 48), and a disengaged position.

[00338] Heating apparatus 3660 may also include a second heating fork 3610b that is mounted to the piston arm of a double acting pneumatic cylinder 3611b and is positioned opposite to first heating fork and pneumatic cylinder 3611a. Pneumatic cylinder 3611b may move heating fork 3610b in reciprocating longitudinal and horizontal movement, opposite toe the movement of heating fork 3610a, and may also be activated by valves controlled by PLC 332 between an engaged heating position (Figures 47 and 48), and a disengaged position.

[00339] Heating forks 3610a, 3610b may incorporate electrical heating elements that are operable to provide sufficient heating of the polyolefin inner layer at the lower perimeter edge of tubular shaped blank 3000 to melt the polyolefin material at the lower edge region and thus create a bond between the edge region of the bottom cup 3510 that is positioned within the tubular opening at the lower edge region of blank 3000. Heating forks 3610a, 3610b may also apply pressure to the outer surface of the blank 3000 at the lower edge region to press the inner polyolefin layer in that region against a side edge surface of the bottom cap 3510 and thereby create a bottom perimeter seal between the bottom cap 3510 and the tubular side wall blank 3000.

[00340] A blank retention and delivery apparatus 3800 under control of PLC 332 may also be provided at bottom forming station 3506. Blank retention and delivery apparatus 3800 may include a double acting pneumatic cylinder 3811 with one or more movable piston arms 3899 (Figure 49). Mounted to piston arms 3899 may be a suction cup block 3888 which may have mounted thereto a plurality of suction cups 3887 (Figure 42). Pneumatic cylinder 3811 may move suction cup block 3888 in reciprocating transverse horizontal movement, and may also be activated by valves controlled by PLC 332 between a blank engagement position (Figure 46), a blank delivery transfer position (Figure 49) and a disengaged position (Figure 42). In the engagement position, suction cups 3887 have a suction force that engages a facing surface of blank 3000. This may assist in holding the blank 3000 in a fixed position while a bottom cup 3510 is being installed in the blank 3000. In the engaged position, suction cups 3887 may also hold the blank in a fixed position when mandrel 337 is moved to a vertical position as it is being disengaged from blank 3000, after bottom cup 3510 has been inserted into the blank 3000 (ie. when mandrel 337 is moving from the position in Figure 47 to the position in Figure 48).

[00341] In the delivery positions, the suction cups 3887 are being moved by piston arms 3899 and block 3888 in a transverse direction toward discharge conveyor 3102 so that the blank 3000 which is now formed into an open top can 3000' with bottom cup 3510 installed, is moved to a delivery transfer position. At the delivery transfer position suction cups 3887 can be deactivated allowing the can 3000' to be deposited onto conveyor belt 3105 such that the can 3000' can be moved for further processing. That further processing will typically include filling the interior space of the can 3000' with one or more items/products and then closing the top, including creating a top seal.

[00342] In operation, can forming system 300 is operable to perform the sequence of steps

3000(1) to 3000(7) illustrated in Figure 34 of folding and sealing a blank 3000 to form an open top paperboard can 3000'. At the beginning of a cycle of operation, magazine 310 which has a plurality of blanks 3000 held therein has a blank 3000 at the front of the magazine in a pick-up position (see Figures 36 and 37).

[00343] Panel rotating apparatus 324a may then be operated by PLC 332 to engage with the facing surface of panel D of the front blank 3000 held in magazine 310 and rotate panels D and E 90 degrees in a counter clockwise direction such that they are in engagement with a surface of side wall 322a of mandrel 337 (see Figures 38 and 39). Panel rotating apparatus 324b may also be operated to engage with a facing surface of a panel B of a blank held in magazine 310 and rotate panels A and B 90 degrees such that they are in engagement with a surface of opposite side wall 322b of mandrel 337. Vertical slot 323a of left side mandrel side wall 322a permits a lower portion of end effector 366a and suction cups 368a thereon to move from the position shown in Figure 36 to pass through slot 323a to the position shown in Figures 38 and 39. By allowing the end effector 366a to pass through vertical slot 323a, end effector 366a, and in particular suction cups 368a, may engage the outer surface of the panel D of blank 3000 when it is held in magazine 310 and bring panel D into face to face relation with the outward facing surface of mandrel side wall 322a. The surface of panel D being held by suction cups 368a becomes an inner surface of the tubular formed blank and side panel D may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of side wall 322a of mandrel 337, as shown.

[00344] Similarly, vertical slot 323b of transversely opposite, right side mandrel side wall

322b permits a lower portion of end effector 366b, and suction cups 368b thereon, to move from the position shown in Figure 36 to pass through slot 323b to the position shown in Figure 38. By allowing the end effector 366b to pass through vertical slot 323b, end effector 366b, and in particular suction cups 368b, may engage the outer surface of the major side panel B of blank 3000 when it is held in magazine 310 and bring panel B into face to face relation with the outward facing surface of side wall 322b. The surface of panel B being held by suction cups 368b becomes an inner surface of the tubular formed blank and side panel B may be held substantially flat against the outside surface of major side wall 322b of mandrel 337, as shown (see Figures 38 and 39.

[00345] Next, with reference to Figures 40 and 41, third panel rotating apparatus 330 may be operated to rotate panel E 90 degrees in a counter-clockwise direction relative to panel D about the fold line between panels D and E. Similarly, fourth panel rotating apparatus 331 may be operated to rotate panel A 90 degrees in a clockwise direction relative to panel B about the fold line between panels A and B. The result is a generally square shaped tubular blank formed generally around the outer surfaces of mandrel 337. Panels A and E are positioned in transverse orientation in parallel to panel C about opposed vertical and transverse oriented surfaces of mandrel 337. When panels A and E are so rotated, the vertical longitudinal edges of the panels come into abutment with each other. Between the inner surface of the panels A and E (when they are rotated relative to panels B and D respectively, and have their vertical edges in abutment with each other) and the outward facing surface of side wall 321a of mandrel 337, is strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499 (see Figure 41).

[00346] Next, sealing device 490 (Figure 41) may be operated such that vertically and longitudinally oriented sealing jaw 421 that may be moved under control of PLC 332 in longitudinally inward direction by double acting pneumatic cylinder 422. With the piston arm 423 extended, sealing jaw 421 is received into a vertical longitudinal gap between the extended vertical edges of plough devices 410a, 410b and may engage the abutting outward faces of the edges of panels A and E.

[00347] Fleat can be applied to the polyolefin layer in the vertical edge portions of the abutting panels A and E and the metal foil layer in strip portion 494 to thereby melt the polyolefin layer in the abutting edge regions. The melted polyolefin material will then bond to sealing strip 494 that is adjacent to and overlaps the vertical edges of abutting panels A and E. Once a portion of sealing tape 499 that extends down the entire joint has bonded to panels A and E, the tubular sidewall for the can has been formed.

[00348] With reference now to Figures 42 and 43, next PLC 332 may operate vertical movement apparatus 336 to move mandrel 337 vertically downwards, with the result that the sealing strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499 which is bonded to panels A/E will also be pulled down with the mandrel 337 and the tubular formed blank 3000. This downward movement will pull down an additional, next strip portion 494 of sealing tape 499 that will be retained in the guide in bracket device 495, and will be available to seal panels A/E on the next blank 3000 that will be processed by can forming system 300.

[00349] When a sealing strip portion 494 attached to a blank 3000 formed into a tubular shape on mandrel 337 has been pulled down sufficiently to provide for the next sealing strip 494, the cutting device (not shown) is employed to cut the sealing strip 494 that is attached to panels A/E of the tubular blank 3000 that has moved downward vertically, so that the sealing strip portion 494 attached to that tubular blank 3000 that has moved downward, is detached the rest of the sealing tape 499 being fed from spool 498.

[00350] Now with reference to Figures 44 and 45, PLC 332 continues to operate vertical movement apparatus 336 to move mandrel 337 and the tubular shaped blank 3000 wrapped around it, to the bottom forming station 3506 where a bottom cup 3510 may be installed. With the mandrel 337 moved to the bottom forming position, a bottom cup 3510 may be moved up through opening 3509a in forming plate 3509 by vertical lift mechanism 3507. A bottom cup 3510 may be positioned in a lift position having been delivered there by a cup delivery conveyor 3501. Vertical lift mechanism 3507 may continue lifting bottom cup 3510 and/or vertical movement apparatus 348 of mandrel 337 such that bottom cup 3510 is moved into the lower opening of tubular shaped blank 3000 that is held on mandrel 337.

[00351] With reference now to Figures 46 to 48, next heating apparatus 3600 is operated by

PLC to engage the outer perimeter of tubular shaped blank 3300 that is wrapped around mandrel 337 when the mandrel 337 has positioned the blank at a bottom forming position at bottom forming station 3506, first heating fork 3610a and second heating fork 3610b are moved to the engaged heating position (Figures 46, 47 and 48).

[00352] Electrical heating elements of heating forks 3610a, 3610b may be operated to provide sufficient heating of the polyolefin inner layer and metal foil layer at the lower perimeter edge of tubular shaped blank 3000 to melt the polyolefin material at the lower edge region and thus create a bond between the bottom cap 3510 that is positioned within opening at the lower edge region of blank 3000. Heating forks 3610a, 3610b may also apply pressure to the outer surface of the blank at the lower edge region to press the inner polyolefin layer in that region against a side edge surface of the bottom cap 3510 and thereby create a bottom perimeter seal around and between the bottom cap 3510 and the tubular side wall of blank 3000.

[00353] Blank retention and delivery apparatus 3800 may also be operated such that suction cups 3887 have a suction force that engages a facing surface of blank 3000. This may assist in holding the blank 3000 in a fixed position while a bottom cup 3510 is being installed in the blank 3000.

[00354] Next, with suction cups still in the engaged position, suction cups 3887 may also hold the blank in a fixed position while mandrel 337 is moved upwards to disengage from blank 3000 (that has now been formed into an open top can 3000'), after bottom cup 3510 has been inserted into the blank 3000 (ie. when mandrel 337 is moving from the position in Figure 47 to the position in Figure 48).

[00355] With reference next to Figure 49, heating apparatus 3600 is operated by PLC to disengage from the outer perimeter of tubular shaped blank 3300 such that first heating fork 3610a and second heating fork 3610b are moved to the disengaged heating position

[00356] Next and with reference to Figure 50, under control of PLC 332, suction cups 3887 are moved in a transverse direction toward discharge conveyor 3102 and the can 3000' is moved to a delivery transfer position where the suction cups 3887 can be deactivated by PLC 332 thus allowing the blank to be deposited onto conveyor belt 3105 such that the can 3000' can be moved for further processing.

[00357] Mandrel 337 will in the meantime be moved upwards by mandrel movement apparatus 336 under the control of PLC to the blank pick-up engagement position where the next blank 3000 held magazine 327 can be engaged and processed. Thus the foregoing process can be performed on multiple blanks 3000 in series. It is expected that in the range of approximately 20-40 blanks 3000 may be processed per minute with such a can forming system 3000, depending upon the configuration and construction of the blank to be processed.

[00358] Can forming system 300 may be modified to process blanks 4000, 5000, 6000 and

7000.

[00359] With respect to processing a blank 4000 as shown in Figures 33A and 35, to form a bottom closed can 4000', modifications are required to can forming system 3000. Instead of, or possibly in addition to, bottom forming station 3506, another bottom forming station is required that can as shown in step 4000(7) to step 4000(9), rotate panel G 90 degrees upwards into the lower opening of a tubular shaped side wall of blank 4000 and then form a seal between panel G and the interior surface in the lower edge region of blank 4000.

[00360] With respect to processing a blank 5000 as shown in Figures 33B, in addition to forming a bottom closed can from blank 5000 like can 4000', modifications are required to can forming system 3000 also close the top of the can with panel F. Therefore a top forming station 3506 is required that can rotate panel F 90 degrees downwards into the upper opening of a tubular shaped side wall of blank 5000 and then form a seal between panel F and the interior surface in the upper edge region of blank 4000.

[00361] With respect to processing a blank 6000, modifications are also required to can forming system 300. Instead of, or possibly in addition to, bottom forming station 3506, another bottom forming station is required that can rotate panel G 90 degrees upwards into the lower opening of a tubular shaped side wall of blank 4000 and then activate the cold seal adhesive to form a seal between panel G and the interior surface in the lower edge region of blank 6000.

[00362] Finally, with respect to processing a blank 7000, modifications are also required to can forming system 300. Instead of, or possibly in addition to, bottom forming station 3506, another bottom forming station is required that can (a) apply the hot melt adhesive to the regions of blank 7000 in the pattern shown in Figure 33D, and (b) rotate panel G 90 degrees upwards into the lower opening of a tubular shaped side wall of blank 7000 and then cause the hot melt adhesive to form a seal between panel G and the interior surface in the lower edge region of blank 7000.

[00363] The step of applying the hot melt adhesive to the blank 7000 in the pattern shown in

Figure 33D may be done while the blank 3000 is being held in an appropriately configured magazine similar to magazine 327. By way of example a hot melt adhesive system 998 (Figure 51) that may comprise two hot met adhesive guns may be deployed on reciprocating piston arms of pneumatic cylinders (not shown) under control of PLC 332. While the mandrel 337 is in a lowered position away from magazine 327, the opposed adhesive guns may be moved transversely across the face of the next blank 7000 held in the magazine and apply the adhesive to the surface of the panels A-E.

[00364] Various components of system 300 such as mandrel apparatus 320 including mandrel

337 and the various support members; first, second, third and fourth panel rotating apparatuses; robot support members and support frame 340, may all be made of any suitable materials such as for example aluminium or steel.

[00365] Also a least some of the various components of system 300 may be integrally formed or interconnected to each other by known techniques. For example if the components are made of a suitable metal or plastic, welding techniques can be employed. Also, the use of screws and/or nut and bolts may be employed.

[00366] Of course, the above described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and in no way limiting. The described embodiments of carrying out the invention are susceptible to many modifications of form, arrangement of parts, details and order of operation. The invention, rather, is intended to encompass all such modification within its scope, as defined by the claims.

[00367] When introducing elements of the present invention or the embodiments thereof, the articles "a," "an," "the," and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A method for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said method comprising:

(a) supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation;

(b) positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of said blank while said blank is in said first orientation;

(c) while said first portion of said blank is in said first orientation, rotating a second portion of said blank from said first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device;

(d) while said first portion of said blank is in said first orientation, rotating a third portion of said blank from said first orientation, around a third portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device;

to thereby form a blank that has a generally tubular side wall configuration for said can around said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein during said rotating of said second portion of said blank, said blank is engaged by a first rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said first rotating apparatus therein; and wherein when said first rotating apparatus rotates said second portion of said blank from said first orientation around the second portion of the surface of said blank support device, at least part of the second portion of the blank is held substantially against the second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device and a portion of said first rotating apparatus is received in said recess of said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said recess of said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device is an opening through a side wall of said blank support device, and at least a part of said first rotating apparatus passes through said opening.

5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 2, 3 or 4 wherein during said rotating of said third portion of said blank, said blank is engaged by a second rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said third portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said third portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said second rotating apparatus therein; and wherein when said second rotating apparatus rotates said third portion of said blank from said first orientation around the third portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, at least part of said third portion of the blank is held substantially against the second portion of the surface of the blank support device and a portion of said first rotating apparatus is received in said recess of said third portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

7. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said recess of said third portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device is an opening through a side wall of said blank support device, and at least a part of said second rotating apparatus passes through said opening.

8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:

- after (c), (d) interconnecting the first and second portions of the blank to secure said blank in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein (d) comprises bringing edges of the second and third portions of said blank into close proximity with each other and interconnecting the edges of the second and third portions of the blank to thereby form said blank to provide a generally tubular side wall configuration around said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein said edges of the second and third portions of said blank are brought into abutment with each other.

11. A method as claimed in claims 9 or 10 wherein said edges of said second and third portions are interconnected by a sealing tape portion that is interconnected to both said second and third portions.

12. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein when interconnecting said second and third portions of said blank said sealing tape portion is positioned between an outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and an inner surface portions of said second and third portions of said blank.

13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein said sealing tape portion is provided from a reel of sealing tape, to be positioned between said outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and said inner surface portions of said second and third portions of said blank.

14. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, said method further comprises releasably holding said first portion of said blank in said first orientation.

15. A method as claimed in claims 14, wherein after (d), further comprising (e) releasing said first portion of said blank from said first orientation and moving said first, second and third portions of said blank with said case blank support device to another location for forming a bottom portion of said can.

16. A method as claimed in claim 13 further comprising releasably holding said first portion of said blank in said first orientation, and wherein after (d), further comprising (e) releasing said first portion of said blank from said first orientation and moving said first, second and third portions of said blank with said case blank support device to another location for forming a bottom portion of said can.

17. A method as claimed in claim 16 wherein during said moving of said first, second and third portions of said blank with said case blank support device to aid another location for forming a bottom portion of said can, said sealing tape portion is moved therewith and said sealing tape portion extends another sealing tape portion from said reel of sealing tape to be subsequently positioned between an outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and inner surface portions of second and third portions of another blank.

18. A method as claimed in any one of claims 15, 16 or 17, wherein at said another location a bottom cup component is installed in a bottom opening of said generally tubular side wall configuration.

19. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein said blank comprises first, second and third portions which form said generally tubular side wall configuration and an opening closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall configuration, and wherein said method further comprises, after the generally tubular side wall configuration has been formed, rotating said opening closure portion to close an opening in said tubular side wall configuration.

20. A method as claimed in claim 19 wherein said opening closure portion has an outer perimeter configuration that is larger than the opening in said tubular side wall configuration, such when said opening closure portion is rotated to close an opening in said tubular side wall configuration said opening closure portion has an outer perimeter area that bends to assist in forming a seal with an inner wall area of said opening in said tubular side wall configuration.

21. A method as claimed in claims 19 or 20 wherein said opening in said tubular side wall configuration is a bottom opening.

22. A method as claimed in claims 19 or 20 wherein said opening in said tubular side wall configuration is a top opening.

23. A method as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 22 wherein said opening closure portion is sealed with said tubular side wall configuration to seal said opening.

24. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said blank comprises first, second and third portions which form said generally tubular side wall configuration and a first opening closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall configuration and a second closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall configuration in a longitudinally opposite direction to said first opening closure portion, and wherein said method further comprises, after the generally tubular side wall configuration has been formed: (i) rotating said first opening closure portion to close a bottom opening in said tubular side wall configuration and (ii) rotating said second opening closure portion to close a top opening in said tubular side wall configuration.

25. A method as claimed in claim 24 wherein said first opening closure portion is sealed with said tubular side wall configuration to seal said bottom opening and said second opening closure portion is sealed with said tubular side wall configuration to seal said top opening.

26. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 25 wherein said blank is a blank for a paper material can.

27. A method as claimed in claims 25 or 26 wherein said blank comprises a multi-layered structure material.

28. A method as claimed in claim 27 wherein said blank comprises: (i) a first paper based substrate; (ii) a bondable plastic layer; and (iii) a metallic foil layer disposed between said paper based substrate layer and said bondable plastic layer.

29. A method as claimed in claim 28 wherein the bondable plastic layer provides an inner layer for said can.

30. A method as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 29 wherein said paper material is a paperboard material.

31. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 30 wherein said reconfigurable blank comprises a blank having a plurality of foldable panels.

32. A method as claimed in claim 31 wherein said blank support device comprises a plurality of outward facing side surface areas that are rectangular in shape and wherein said blank has a plurality of side wall panels that are of a rectangular shape that are substantially the same size as the outward facing surface areas of the blank support device.

33. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 32 wherein when said reconfigurable blank in said first orientation said reconfigurable blank is in a generally flat configuration.

34. An apparatus for performing the method of any of claims 1 to 33.

35. A system for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said system comprising:

(a) a blank support device having an outward facing surface, said blank support device being positioned such that in operation a first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device is located proximate a first portion of said blank while said blank is in said first orientation;

(b) a rotating sub-system operable such that while said first portion of said blank is in said first orientation, said rotating sub-system is operable to rotate (i) a second portion of said blank from said first orientation around a second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device; and (ii) a third portion of said blank around a third portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around said outward surface of said blank support device.

36. A system as claimed in claim 35 further comprising: (c) a holding apparatus operable for releasably holding said reconfigurable blank in a first orientation and in a generally flat configuration;

and wherein said system is operable to position a first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device proximate said first portion of said blank while said blank is held by said holding apparatus in said first orientation and said generally flat configuration.

37. A system as claimed in claims 35 or 36, wherein said system is operable such that during said rotating by said rotating sub-system of said second and third portions of said blank, said blank is held by said rotating sub-system from a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular sidewall configuration.

38. A system claimed in claim 37 wherein:

- said blank support device has a wall with a first recess, said first recess being configured to receive a first portion of said panel rotating sub-system therein;

- said blank support device has a wall with a second recess, said first recess being configured to receive a first portion of said panel rotating sub-system therein;

- said rotating sub-system is operable such that when said rotating sub-system rotates said second portion of said blank from said first orientation around the second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, said rotating sub-system holds the second portion of the blank against at least part of the second portion of the surface of the blank support device and at least part of said first portion of said rotating sub-system is received in said first recess; and

- said rotating sub-system is also operable such that when said rotating sub-system rotates said third portion of said blank from said first orientation around the third portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, said rotating sub-system holds the third portion of the blank against at least part of the third portion of the surface of the blank support device and at least part of said second portion of said rotating sub-system is received in said second recess.

39. A system as claimed in claim 38 wherein each of said first recess and said second recess comprises a respective first and second opening through said wall, and at least a part of said rotating apparatus passes through each of said respective first opening and said second opening.

40. A system as claimed in claim 36 wherein said holding apparatus is operable to releasably hold said first portion of said blank in said first orientation.

41. A system as claimed in claim 38 wherein said system is operable such that after said blank has been rotated by said rotating sub-system to form said blank into said generally tubular side wall configuration, said holding apparatus is operable to release said first portion of said blank from said first orientation to permit said first, second portions and third portions of said blank to be moved with said blank support device by a moving apparatus to another position.

42. A system as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 41 further comprising a connection mechanism for interconnecting the second and third portions of the blank to secure said blank in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

43. A system as claimed in claim 42 wherein said system is operable to bring edges of the second and third portions of said blank into close proximity with each other such that said connection mechanism is operable to interconnect the edges of the second and third portions of the blank to thereby form said blank to provide said generally tubular side wall configuration around said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

44. A system as claimed in claim 43 which is operable to bring said edges of the second and third portions of said blank into abutment with each other.

45. A system as claimed in claims 43 or 44 wherein said edges of said second and third portions are interconnected by a sealing tape portion that is interconnected to both said second and third portions.

46. A system as claimed in claim 45 wherein said connection mechanism is operable such that when interconnecting said second and third portions of said blank, said sealing tape portion is positioned between an outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and an inner surface portions of said second and third portions of said blank.

47. A system as claimed in claim 46 further comprising a sealing jaw device operable to engage with said sealing tape and said edge portions of said second and third portions of said blank to create a seal between said sealing tape and said second and third portions of said blank.

48. A system as claimed in claims 45, 46 or 47 wherein said sealing tape portion is provided from a reel of sealing tape, such that said sealing tape portion is positioned between said outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and said inner surface portions of said second and third portions of said blank.

49. A system as claimed in claim 48, wherein a moving apparatus is operable move said first, second and third portions of said blank with said case blank support device to another position to form a bottom portion of said can.

50. A system as claimed in claim 49 that is operable such that when moving said first, second and third portions of said blank with said case blank support device to another position for forming a bottom portion of said can, said system is operable such that said sealing tape portion is moved therewith and said sealing tape portion extends another sealing tape portion from said reel of sealing tape to be subsequently positioned between an outward facing surface portion of said blank support device and inner surface portions of second and third portions of another blank.

51. A system as claimed in clam 50 wherein at said another position, said system is operable such that a bottom cup component is installed in a bottom opening of said generally tubular side wall configuration.

52. A system as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 51 wherein said blank is a blank for a paper material can.

53. A system as claimed in claims 51 or 52 wherein said blank comprises a multi-layered structure material.

54. A system as claimed in claim 53 wherein said blank comprises: (i) a first paper based substrate; (ii) a bondable plastic layer; and (iii) a metallic foil layer disposed between said paper based substrate layer and said bondable plastic layer.

55. A system as claimed in claim 54 wherein the bondable plastic layer provides an inner layer for said can.

56. A system as claimed in any one of claims 52 to 55 wherein said paper material is a paperboard material.

57. A system as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 56 wherein said reconfigurable blank comprises a blank having a plurality of foldable panels.

58. A system as claimed in claim 35 wherein said blank support device comprises a plurality of outward facing side surface areas that are rectangular in shape and wherein said blank has a plurality of side wall panels that are of a rectangular shape that are substantially the same size as the outward facing surface areas of the blank support device.

59. A system as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 58 wherein when said reconfigurable blank in said first orientation said reconfigurable blank is in a generally flat configuration.

60. A blank for a can comprising a multi-layer paper based material, said blank comprising:

- a transversely extending side wall section for forming a tubular side wall of a can;

- at least one opening closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall section, said at least one opening closure configured to close and opening formed by said side wall section.

61. A blank as claimed in claim 60 wherein said side wall section and said at least one opening closure are integrally formed together.

62. A blank as claimed in claim 60 wherein said side wall section and said at least one opening closure are integrally connected with each other.

63. A blank as claimed in claim 60 wherein said side wall section and said at least one opening closure are formed from the same multi-layered materials.

64. A blank as claimed in any one of claim 60 to 63 wherein said opening closure portion has an outer perimeter configuration that is larger than the opening in said tubular side wall section such when said opening closure portion closes said opening in said tubular side wall configuration said opening closure portion has an outer perimeter area that bends to assist in forming a seal with an inner wall area of said opening in said tubular side wall section.

65. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 64 wherein said opening in said tubular side wall section is a bottom opening.

66. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 64 wherein said opening in said tubular side wall section is a top opening.

67. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 66 comprising:

- a first opening closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall section, said first opening closure configured to close a bottom opening formed by said side wall section; - a second closure portion extending away from the tubular side wall section in a longitudinally opposite direction to said first opening closure portion, said second opening closure portion to close a top opening formed by said side wall section.

68. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 68 wherein said blank is a blank for a paper material can.

69. A blank as claimed in claims 67 or 68 wherein said blank comprises a multi-layered structure material.

70. A blank as claimed in claim 69 wherein said blank comprises: (i) a first paper based substrate; (ii) a bondable plastic layer; and (iii) a metallic foil layer disposed between said paper based substrate layer and said bondable plastic layer.

71. A blank as claimed in claim 70 wherein the bondable plastic layer provides an inner layer for said can.

72. A system as claimed in any one of claims 68 to 71 wherein said paper material is a paperboard material.

73. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 72 wherein said reconfigurable blank comprises a blank having a plurality of foldable panels.

74. A blank as claimed in any one of claims 60 to 72 wherein said blank has a plurality of side wall panels that are of a rectangular shape.

75. A method for forming a can from a re-configurable blank comprising:

(a) positioning a first portion of an outward facing surface of a blank support device proximate a first portion of said blank while said blank is in a first orientation;

(b) rotating said blank with a rotating sub-system such that while said first portion of said blank is in said first orientation, said rotating sub-system rotates (i) a second portion of said blank from said first orientation around a second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device; and (ii) a third portion of said blank around a third portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around said outward surface of said blank support device.

76. A method for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said method comprising: (a) supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation;

(b) rotating a first portion of said blank from said first orientation, around a first portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device;

(c) rotating a second portion of said blank from said first orientation, around a second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device;

77. A method as claimed in claim 76 wherein during said rotating of said first portion of said blank, said blank is engaged by a first rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

78. A method as claimed in claim 77 wherein during said rotating of said second portion of said blank, said blank is engaged by a second rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular side wall configuration.

79. A method as claimed in claim 77 wherein said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said first rotating apparatus therein; and wherein when said first rotating apparatus rotates said first portion of said blank from said first orientation around the first portion of the surface of said blank support device, at least part of the first portion of the blank is held substantially against the first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device and a portion of said first rotating apparatus is received in said recess of said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

80. A method as claimed in claim 78 wherein said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said first rotating apparatus therein; and wherein when said first rotating apparatus rotates said first portion of said blank from said first orientation around the first portion of the surface of said blank support device, at least part of the first portion of the blank is held substantially against the first portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device and a portion of said first rotating apparatus is received in said recess of said first portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device, and wherein said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said second rotating apparatus therein; and wherein when said second rotating apparatus rotates said second portion of said blank from said first orientation around the second portion of the surface of said blank support device, at least part of the second portion of the blank is held substantially against the second portion of the outward facing surface of the blank support device and a portion of said first rotating apparatus is received in said recess of said second portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device.

81. A system for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said system comprising:

(a) a blank support device having an outward facing surface;

(b) a rotating sub-system operable to rotate (i) a first portion of said blank from said first orientation around a first portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device; and (ii) a second portion of said blank around a second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device to form a generally tubular side wall configuration around said outward surface of said blank support device.

82. A system as claimed in claim 81, wherein said system is operable such that during said rotating by said rotating sub-system of said first and second portions of said blank, said blank is held by said rotating sub-system from a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in said generally tubular sidewall configuration.

83. A system claimed in claim 81 wherein:

- said blank support device has a wall with a second recess, said first recess being configured to receive a second portion of said panel rotating sub-system therein;

- said rotating sub-system is operable such that when said rotating sub-system rotates said first portion of said blank from said first orientation around the first portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, said rotating sub-system holds the first portion of the blank against at least part of the first portion of the surface of the blank support device and at least part of said first portion of said rotating sub-system is received in said first recess; and

- said rotating sub-system is also operable such that when said rotating sub-system rotates said second portion of said blank from said first orientation around the second portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, said rotating sub-system holds the second portion of the blank against at least part of the second portion of the surface of the blank support device and at least part of said second portion of said rotating sub-system is received in said second recess.

84. A method for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said method comprising:

(a) supporting a reconfigurable blank in a first orientation;

(b) rotating at least a portion of said blank from said first orientation, around the outward facing surface of said blank support device, wherein during said rotating of said first portion of said blank, said blank is engaged by a rotating apparatus on a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is configured with a generally tubular side wall configuration.

85. A method as claimed in claim 84 wherein said at least a portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device has a recess, said recess of said least a portion of said outward facing surface of said blank support device being configured to receive a portion of said rotating apparatus therein; and wherein in operation, when said rotating apparatus rotates said at least a portion of said blank from said first orientation around the surface of said blank support device, at least part of the at least a portion of the blank is held substantially against the outward facing surface of the blank support device and said portion of said rotating apparatus is received in said recess.

86. A system for forming a can from a re-configurable blank, said system comprising:

(a) a blank support device having an outward facing surface;

(b) a rotating sub-system operable to rotate at least a portion of said blank from said first orientation around a portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device;

wherein said system is operable such that during said rotating by said rotating sub-system of said portion of said blank, said blank is held by said rotating sub-system from a surface side which forms an inner surface of said blank when said blank is in a generally tubular sidewall configuration.

87. A system claimed in claim 86 wherein:

- said blank support device has a wall with a first recess, said first recess being configured to receive a portion of said panel rotating sub-system therein;

- said rotating sub-system is operable such that when said rotating sub-system rotates said portion of said blank from said first orientation around the portion of the outward facing surface of said blank support device, said rotating sub-system holds the portion of the blank against at least part of the surface of the blank support device and at least part of said first portion of said rotating sub-system is received in said first recess.