WO2019100705A1 - 基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备 - Google Patents

基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100705A1
WO2019100705A1 PCT/CN2018/092101 CN2018092101W WO2019100705A1 WO 2019100705 A1 WO2019100705 A1 WO 2019100705A1 CN 2018092101 W CN2018092101 W CN 2018092101W WO 2019100705 A1 WO2019100705 A1 WO 2019100705A1
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Prior art keywords
protection
switching
information
hardware
fpga
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PCT/CN2018/092101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯磊
吴志远
谢虎
李琳
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上海欣诺通信技术股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/623,759 priority Critical patent/US11431407B2/en
Publication of WO2019100705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100705A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
    • H04B10/032—Arrangements for fault recovery using working and protection systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1652—Optical Transport Network [OTN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
    • H04B10/038—Arrangements for fault recovery using bypasses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/14—Monitoring arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0037—Operation
    • H04Q2011/0047—Broadcast; Multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
    • H04Q2011/0081—Fault tolerance; Redundancy; Recovery; Reconfigurability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/056—Software routines, e.g. finite state machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical transmission network technologies, and in particular, to a hardware-based protection group switching method and an optical communication device.
  • OTN Optical Transport Network
  • SDH optical synchronous digital transmission network
  • WDM device convergence, providing large granularity multiplexing, crossover and configuration, significantly improving the transmission network's adaptation and transmission efficiency for high bandwidth data.
  • OTN equipment also provides flexible service protection functions based on electrical layer and optical layer, such as sub-network connection protection (SNCP) and shared ring network protection based on optical path data unit (ODUk) layer, and optical transmission supporting service protection functions.
  • SNCP sub-network connection protection
  • ODUk optical path data unit
  • the device can switch services to the alternate channel when the network is faulty (such as fiber break or signal error), providing automatic service recovery.
  • OTN networks carrying tens of Gbit/s or even Tbit/s rate will destroy a large number of services once the fiber is destroyed. Therefore, we must improve the survivability of the optical transport network.
  • a measure of network survivability is the switching performance.
  • the service recovery time (the APS byte interaction related to all protection switching, the completion of the protection switching action of each node) must be less than 50 milliseconds, so that the user does not feel any protection switching during the call.
  • a line fault often affects multiple protection groups and causes these protection groups to perform protection switching operations in batches.
  • the protection switching processing of these protection groups is usually performed serially, and the protection switching takes time.
  • the total cost of protection switching will be longer when the number of protection groups configured by the NEs is large. It is difficult to meet the requirement that the service recovery time is less than 50 milliseconds.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a hardware-based protection group switching method and an optical communication device for solving the problems in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a hardware-based protection group switching method, which is applied to an optical communication device as a local network element, where the optical communication device includes at least one FPGA, and multiple The protection state machine, wherein the plurality of protection state machines respectively correspond to the protection group; the method includes: when the FPGA detects the switching trigger information indicating that the local network element may have a switching trigger condition, transmitting the switching by using a hardware bus Triggering information to each of the protection state machines; determining, by each of the protection state machines, one or more related protection groups that may be affected by each switching triggering situation according to the service flow information related to the received switching trigger information, and according to each The switching triggering information generates corresponding switching triggering conditions; and the protection state machines corresponding to the related protection groups are respectively queried in one or more pre-stored tables: pre-associated with switching triggering conditions that may affect each of the related protection groups Automatically protecting the result of the conversion protocol operation; each of the protection state machines updates the crosstab according to the operation result, The updated
  • the switching trigger information includes: fault status information and/or changed APS byte information.
  • the FPGA transmits the switching trigger information to each protection state machine through a hardware bus when detecting the switching trigger information corresponding to the switching trigger condition, including: when detecting the optical transmission network
  • the automatic protection switching protocol byte that is faulty or extracted from the optical transmission network line changes, generates a hardware-assisted protection switching message according to the fault state or the automatic protection switching protocol byte, and reverses the hardware-assisted protection through the hardware bus.
  • the text is sent to the corresponding protection state machine.
  • the generating the hardware-assisted protection switching message according to the fault state includes: determining service flow information to which each newly generated fault state belongs; and, in the service flow information to which the fault state belongs according to the correspondence relationship
  • the information corresponding to the alarm is converted into a fault code in the hardware assisted protection switching message; wherein the value of the fault code is proportional to the severity of the alarm, and is also proportional to the processing priority, for each of the foregoing
  • the protection state machine selects the alarm with the highest processing priority according to the comparison result of the received value of the hardware-assisted protection switching message fault code.
  • the protection group switching method further includes: detecting, by using a software program, the switching trigger information; and when detecting, calling the hardware bus to transmit the switching trigger information to a protection state machine .
  • the protection group switching method further includes: selecting, by the controller module, the switching trigger information by the FPGA or the software program to the protection state machine.
  • the protection group switching method includes: selecting, by a controller module, the switching trigger information to be sent by the FPGA or software program to a protection state machine; or selecting an APS word.
  • the section is copied to the service stream of the peer network element.
  • the first three bytes of the APS/PCC field in the ODUk overhead of the hardware-assisted protection switching message carry the switching request, the protection type, the required signal, and the bridge signal; the APS/ The fourth byte of the PCC field is used to set the fault code.
  • the result of the automatic protection switching protocol operation includes: information about a protection switching state of a protection group; and a sending APS for sending a peer network element to a local network element APS protocol state update Byte; operation information of the protection switching operation required for the service affected by the failure.
  • the protection group switching method further includes: updating the information of the APS byte and the service protection switching operation of the local network element by using the queried automatic protection switching protocol operation result; After the APS byte is sent to the peer network element, it is followed by a corresponding protection switching operation.
  • the protection group switching method further includes: the protection state machine updating a protection status table according to an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol; wherein the protection status table records the protection status Information about the protection switching status of the protection group corresponding to the machine.
  • the format of the crosstab is a cross table indexed by a destination point and having a source point index as a content; for a packet switching chip, the format of the crosstab is a group Broadcast index table form; in the multicast index table, a cross is represented by a globally unique one.
  • the present invention provides an optical communication device for use as a local network element in an optical transmission network, where the optical communication device includes: an FPGA, and implements multiple protection state machines, where The plurality of protection state machines respectively correspond to the protection group; the FPGA is configured to transmit the switching trigger information to each of the protections through the hardware bus when detecting the switching trigger information indicating that the local network element may have a switching trigger condition a state machine; determining, by each of the protection state machines, one or more related protection groups that may be affected by each switching triggering situation according to the service flow information related to the received switching trigger information, and generating corresponding according to each of the switching trigger information Each of the switching triggering conditions; the protection state machine corresponding to the related protection group respectively queries one or more pre-stored tables: an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol pre-associated with a switching trigger condition that may affect each of the related protection groups; The FPGA is communicatively coupled to the cross chip or the packet switching chip for updating the crosstab according to the operation result Cross table after
  • the switching trigger information includes: fault status information and/or changed APS byte information.
  • the FPGA transmits the switching trigger information to each protection state machine through a hardware bus when detecting the switching trigger information corresponding to the switching trigger condition, including: when detecting the optical transmission network
  • the automatic protection switching protocol byte that is faulty or extracted from the optical transmission network line changes, generates a hardware-assisted protection switching message according to the fault state or the automatic protection switching protocol byte, and reverses the hardware-assisted protection through the hardware bus.
  • the text is sent to the corresponding protection state machine.
  • the generating a hardware-assisted protection switching message according to the fault state or the automatic protection switching protocol byte includes: determining service flow information to which each newly generated fault state belongs; The information corresponding to the alarm in the service flow information to which the state belongs is converted into the fault code in the hardware assisted protection switching message; wherein the value of the fault code is proportional to the severity of the alarm, and is also processed with the priority of the alarm. In proportion, the protection state machine selects the alarm with the highest processing priority according to the comparison result of the received values of the hardware-assisted protection switching message fault codes.
  • the optical communication device further includes: a software program module, configured to detect the switching trigger information; and when detected, invoke the hardware bus to transmit the switching trigger information to Protect the state machine.
  • the optical communication device further includes: a controller module, configured to select, by the FPGA or a software program, to transmit the switching trigger information to the protection state machine.
  • the optical communication device further includes: a controller module, configured to select, by the FPGA or a software program, to transmit the switching trigger information to a protection state machine; or, select an APS The bytes are copied to the service stream of the peer NE.
  • a controller module configured to select, by the FPGA or a software program, to transmit the switching trigger information to a protection state machine; or, select an APS The bytes are copied to the service stream of the peer NE.
  • the first three bytes of the APS/PCC field in the ODUk overhead of the hardware-assisted protection switching message carry a switching request, a protection type, a required signal, and a bridge signal;
  • the fourth byte of the APS/PCC field is used to set the fault code.
  • the result of the automatic protection switching protocol operation includes: information about a protection switching state of a protection group; and a sending APS for sending a peer network element to a local network element APS protocol state update Byte; operation information of the protection switching operation required for the service affected by the failure.
  • the optical communication device further includes: an optical communication module; and the protection state machine is configured to update the sending APS word of the local network element by using the queried automatic protection switching protocol operation result And the information about the service protection switching operation; the optical communication module is configured to transmit the updated sending APS byte to the peer network element, so as to follow the corresponding protection switching operation.
  • the protection state machine is configured to update a protection state table according to an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol; wherein the protection state table records a switching state of each service related to the corresponding protection group.
  • the format of the crosstab is a cross table indexed by a destination point and having a source point index as a content; for a packet switching chip, the format of the crosstab is a group Broadcast index table form; in the multicast index table, a cross is represented by a globally unique one.
  • the optical communication device includes at least one FPGA, and the plurality of protection state machines are implemented in the FPGA, wherein the plurality of protection state machines respectively Corresponding to the protection group; the method includes: when detecting the switching trigger information indicating that the local network element may have a switching trigger condition, transmitting, by the hardware bus, the switching trigger information to each protection state machine;
  • the protection state machine determines one or more related protection groups that may be affected by the switching triggering conditions according to the service flow information related to the received switching trigger information, and generates corresponding switching triggering conditions according to each of the switching triggering information;
  • the protection state machines corresponding to the related protection groups respectively query one or more pre-stored tables: an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol pre-associated with a switching trigger condition that may affect each of the related protection groups; each of the protection state machines is based on The operation result updates the crosstab, and the updated crosstab is configured to the cross chip or packet by the FPGA. Chip.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of performing an switching operation of an optical communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a protection group switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a HAPS message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a controller module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a table for querying a current highest priority request according to a local request and a remote request according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a table for inquiring a state of switching with an APS byte according to a highest priority request according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 7a and 7b are respectively a structural diagram showing the flow of a network element node in a normal operation and a switching operation.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of performing an switching operation of an optical communication device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the technical solution of the present invention relates to the improvement of the switching performance in the Optical Transport Network (OTN).
  • OTN Optical Transport Network
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to perform the switching triggering information of the network element (such as a framer) supporting the optical transport network protocol by the FPGA, and the switching triggering information indicates that there may be a switching triggering situation, such as a fiber link and a service layer.
  • the switching trigger information includes fault status information and/or APS bytes;
  • the FPGA scans the framer's fault state and service overhead.
  • HAPS hardware assisted protection switching
  • the message is transmitted to the protection state machine through the hardware bus for operation; the protection state machine may be implemented in the FPGA according to the maximum switching capacity of the system, and each protection state machine may independently operate the automatic protection switching protocol in parallel;
  • the protection state machine updates the crosstab based on the result of the operation, and the FPGA then flushes the crosstab result to the cross chip or packet switch.
  • the method implements the protection switching protocol algorithm from the hardware and can process multiple sets of protection switching in parallel, which reduces the service interruption time caused by batch switching and improves the performance of multiple sets of protection switching.
  • an embodiment of an optical communication device implemented based on a cross-chip solution is provided in the present invention.
  • the optical communication device can be used as a network element with respect to a peer network element that communicates with the same. Said that the optical communication device acts as a local network element.
  • the optical communication device includes a plurality of boards: a cross card 20, a working channel line card 30, and a protection line card 40.
  • a cross card 20 There are connected cross-chips 21 and XC FPGAs 22 on the cross-card 20, and the XC FPGA 22 configuration implements multiple protection state machines. The specific service cross-configuration and protection state calculations are all performed by the XC FPGA 22 protection state machine.
  • the working channel line card 30 and the protection line card 40 include OTN framers 31, 41 and HAPS FPGAs 32, 42.
  • the OTN framers 31, 41 are connected to the cross chip 21 on the cross card; the HAPS FPGA modules 32, 42 respectively
  • the OTN framers 31, 41 are connected to the XC FPGA 22 on the cross card; the optical transport network service enters the OTN framer 31 through the optical fiber, first performs photoelectric conversion, converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then the electrical signal is output by the HAPS FPGA 32.
  • the fault status and overhead bytes are separated and the HAPS message is generated.
  • the overhead bytes required by the protection protocol are transmitted to the protection state machine of the XC FPGA 22 through the hardware bus supporting the APS protocol for protection calculation, and the specific service data enters the crossover.
  • the chip 21 is exchanged.
  • the line card and the cross card are separated from each other, there may be multiple FPGAs such as the XC FPGA 22 and the HAPS FPGA 32, 42.
  • the XC FPGA 22 and the HAPS The FPGAs 32 and 42 can also be combined into one.
  • the entire network element device is a board, and all network element functions, including the main control card, the cross card, and the line card are implemented in this board.
  • the HAPS FPGA and the XC FPGA can be combined, so it is not limited to this embodiment.
  • a hardware-based protection group switching method is applicable to an optical communication device, such as the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 8, in which multiple optical communication devices are implemented.
  • the protection group implements a protection group corresponding to each protection state machine of the FPGA.
  • the method includes:
  • Step S1 The FPGA transmits the switching trigger information to each protection state machine through a hardware bus when detecting the switching trigger information indicating that the local network element may have a switching trigger condition.
  • the switching trigger information includes: fault status information and/or changed APS byte information.
  • the hardware bus transmits the service flow information through the HAPS message, and the present invention adds the switching trigger information to the HAPS message for transmission.
  • the switching trigger information is converted into a fault code corresponding to the switching triggering situation of the local network element, and the fault code may be generated according to the following method: determining the service to which each newly generated fault state belongs Flow, according to the corresponding relationship in Table 1 below, the specific alarm in the fault service flow information is converted into the fault code in the HAPS message.
  • Fault alarm HAPS fault code (bits 7 to 0) Device alarm Bit 7, bit 6 Hardware failure - the board is not in place, the power board is faulty, etc. 11 Software failure - software crash, etc. 10 Reserved for expansion 01 normal 00 Line warning - OTUk Bit 5, bit 4, bit 3 OTUk_LOF 111 OTUk_LOM 110 OTUk_TIM 101 OTUk_AIS 100 OTUk_DEG 011 OTUk_EXC 010 Reserved for expansion 001 normal 000 Service alarm-ODUk Bit 2, bit 1, bit 0 ODUk_PM_AIS, ODUk_TCMn_AIS 111 ODUk_PM_LCK, ODUk_TCMn_LCK 110 ODUk_PM_OCI, ODUk_TCMn_OCI 101 ODUk_PM_TIM, ODUk_TCMn_TIM 100 ODUk_PM_DEG, ODUk_TCMn_DEG 011 ODUk_PM_EXC, ODUk_TCMn_
  • the higher the severity of the alarm the larger the corresponding fault code value, which means that there is a higher priority of the protection request. If multiple alarms are generated at the same time, the fault code is generated only for the highest priority alarm. If the protection and protection channels of the protection group generate alarms at the same time, the fault codes corresponding to the alarms are entered into the protection state machine to participate in the protection request priority comparison. Usually, only the fault with the highest priority request will get a response from the state machine.
  • the HAPS message format is the same as the APS channel format in the standard, and the first three bytes of the APS/PCC field in the ODUk overhead are used to carry the switching request. Type of protection, required signal and bridge signal. The fourth byte of the APS/PCC field is reserved for use in the present invention to set the local fault code.
  • the generating of the HAPS message is implemented by using the FPGA to improve the switching performance, but the framer that does not provide an interface for external scanning of the FPGA may also be implemented by a software program module.
  • the software periodically refreshes the framer and records the current state. When it detects a fiber link that may trigger protection switching, a service layer failure, or receives an APS byte, generates a corresponding fault code, and calls the interface of the hardware bus to send the HAPS information. Give the state machine.
  • a controller module may be added to determine the fault code and APS byte finally transmitted to the state machine from the FPGA or software configuration, and to speed up The performance of the ring network protection switching, the controller can also be set to the following mode: the HAPS message is not processed by the state machine, and the APS byte is directly copied to the peer service flow.
  • APS_INS corresponds to the middle K1INS[7:0] and K2INS[7:0]
  • APS_SET corresponds to the upper left K1Set[7:0] and K2Set[7 :0]
  • APS_MON corresponds to the lower left K1K2Filter, K1MON, K2MON.
  • APS_INS represents the configuration from the software
  • APS_SET represents the configuration from the FPGA
  • APS_MON represents the received APS byte
  • the controller decides which APS byte to pass to the state machine according to the configuration mode of the APS byte, providing flexible configuration. Sex.
  • Step S2 Determine, by each of the protection state machines, one or more related protection groups that may be affected by each switching triggering situation according to the service flow information related to the received switching trigger information, and generate corresponding according to each of the switching trigger information.
  • Each of the switching trigger conditions
  • the traffic flow information is transmitted over a HAPS message of the hardware bus.
  • the optical communication device is configured with protection group information corresponding to each network element, where the protection group information includes: a protection group identifier number, a working channel occupied by the protection group in the local network element, and a protection channel. Card information, interface port information, and service capacity and time slot information; the protection state machine determines whether it is affected by the switching trigger condition by comparing whether the protection group information and the service flow information of the faulty service flow are related. Protection group.
  • the transport network protocol converts the specific alarm information in the service flow information into the trigger condition of the protection group.
  • the status of the working port and the protection port of the network element device can be divided into: SF (signal failure), SD (signal degradation), and NORMAL (signal) Normal) three.
  • SF and SD correspond to fault status.
  • SF alarms include LOS, AIS, LOF, LOM, and TTI.
  • the alarms for generating SD are DEG. Therefore, the trigger conditions generated by this can be classified into signal faults and signal degradation.
  • Step S3 The protection state machines corresponding to the related protection groups respectively query one or more pre-stored tables: an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol pre-associated with a switching trigger condition that may affect each of the related protection groups.
  • the automatic protection switching protocol operation is not performed on each protection group in the multiple protection groups. Instead, look up the protection calculation results using the look-up table method.
  • the look-up table method is to store some pre-calculated results, that is, the results of the automatic protection switching protocol operation of each protection group under the combined input conditions of various trigger conditions, stored in one or more tables, when receiving the reported multiple
  • the trigger condition information of the group protection is compared
  • the trigger condition combination is compared with the input condition of the stored table, and the protection switching state result of each protection group is directly checked.
  • the automatic protection protocol operations of each protection group are parallel and independent.
  • the table may have one or more types, such as a form of a protection table and a table lookup method, for example, as follows:
  • the first lookup table may be in the form of a two-dimensional array with the fault state of the local working port and the protection port and the external command as coordinates, according to the protocol The priority is compared in order, and the output is the local highest priority request;
  • the second lookup table is the output local highest priority request of step a and the remote request from the remote network element
  • the comparison criterion is the same as that of step a. If the local request and the remote request have the same priority and the requested channel number is the same, the remote request takes precedence, and the output result is the current highest priority of the state machine. request;
  • the input condition of the third lookup table is the current highest priority request, the channel number of the remote request, and the channel of the local request outputted by the second lookup table in step b No.
  • the channel numbers of the two requests are the same, they are switched to the protection channel, otherwise they are switched to the working channel; the result of the switching is the state that the protection group should enter;
  • step S2 e) querying the first lookup table compared with the local input condition according to the switching trigger condition obtained in step S2, and obtaining the local highest priority request; and then querying the second lookup table compared with the local and remote input conditions to obtain the current highest Priority request; separately find the state machine bridge result, the switching result, and the third lookup table, the fourth lookup table, and the fifth lookup table that send the APS bytes to obtain all the output results.
  • the result of the automatic protection switching protocol operation includes: information about the protection switching state of the protection group; and the sending APS byte for updating the status of the local network element APS protocol sent to the opposite network element; The operational information of the protection switching operation that the affected service needs to perform.
  • step S3 After the operation result of the automatic protection switching protocol is queried in step S3, the information about the APS byte of the local network element and the service protection switching operation is updated according to the operation result of the automatic protection switching protocol.
  • step S4 the updated APS byte is transmitted to the peer network element, so that it follows the corresponding protection switching operation.
  • the fault status of the working port and the protection port of the network element device can be classified into three types: SF (Signal Failure), SD (Signal Degradation), and NORMAL (Signal Normal).
  • the alarms for generating SF are LOS, AIS, LOF, LOM, and TTI, and the alarm for generating SD is DEG.
  • the fault appearing on the working port or the protection port there are five types of line faults combined:
  • NORMAL working, protection port signal is normal
  • EXER_P and EXER_W practice switching commands (work/protect port)
  • the structure of receiving the APS byte is as shown in FIG. 3 above, and the first three bytes of the APS/PCC field in the ODUk overhead are used to carry the switching request, the protection type, the required signal, and the bridge signal.
  • the peer network element device indicates that the state of the peer network element device is divided into the following three categories (a total of 15 types) through APS bytes:
  • Peer line status There are four types of SF (working/protective port) and SD (working/protecting port)
  • WTR fault clear timing
  • DNR no return
  • NR no request
  • RR request request
  • the table in FIG. 5 is used to query the current highest priority request of the protection group according to the local request and the remote request, wherein the topmost one is the far end request, and the leftmost one is the local end request.
  • the content of the table in Figure 5 is the current highest priority request of the protection group in various local request and remote request combinations, if The symbol indicates that the current highest priority request is a request from the remote network element device.
  • FIG. 6 shows a table for querying the state of a protection group according to a highest priority request (Highest REQUEST) and a received APS byte, wherein the type of the protection group state is idle (idle) ), protection switched (switched), or pending recovery (WTR).
  • Highest REQUEST a highest priority request
  • WTR pending recovery
  • the result of the automatic protection switching protocol obtained by the table lookup includes: the result of the switching of the protection group; and the status of the APS protocol of the local network element device sent to the peer network element device is updated.
  • the APS byte is sent; the operation information of the protection switching operation to be performed on the service affected by the fault.
  • An example is specifically used to describe the table lookup process.
  • the network element A when it is detected that the working channel has a signal failure, first check the data in the table as shown in FIG. 5 pre-stored locally or at the remote end, because the local request is SF_W.
  • the remote request is NR, so the current highest priority request is SF_W; then the data in the table of the format shown in FIG. 6 is locally or remotely stored, and the current highest priority request is the local SF_W.
  • the remote request signal is 0, and the current state is Idle, so the current switching state should remain at Idle.
  • the network element A When the network element A detects the APS byte RR from the network element B, it checks the data in the table shown in Figure 5, and the local request is still SF_W, so the current highest priority request is still SF_W; check it as shown in Figure 6.
  • the data in the format table, the remote request signal is 1, the current state is Idle, so the current state should also become the switching state.
  • Step S5 Each of the protection state machines updates the crosstab according to the operation result, and configures the updated crosstab to the cross chip or the packet switching chip through the FPGA.
  • the protection status opportunity updates the crosstab and the protection status table according to the result of the automatic protection switching protocol operation
  • the protection status table may be one of the queries required in the table lookup method of step S3. Or one of several sheets.
  • Table 2 the format of the crosstab is shown.
  • the table records the actual crossover configuration of each group.
  • a cross from s to d is a cross in the crosstab.
  • a row of records indexed by d, the content of the business source of this record is filled with the index of the s point;
  • the format of the protection status table is shown, which records the switching status of each service involved in the protection group, which can be combined with a slave s (working channel) and sp (protection channel) as shown in FIG. 7b.
  • the protection service is selected and the service sink is d.
  • the protection status table is a row with d as the index.
  • the working channel of this record is the index of s
  • the protection channel is the index of sp
  • the current protection switching state of the group, the switching state may be a working channel or a protection channel, and the protection state machine fills in according to the operation result of the automatic protection switching protocol.
  • the state machine modifies the switching status in the protection status table to working, and updates the cross table according to the result, and the service of the record indexed by d
  • the source point content is filled in as the index of the s point; if the current protection group state is in the protection channel, d receives the service from the sp point, and the protection state machine modifies the switching state in the protection state table to protection, and updates the cross table according to the result.
  • the content of the business source of this record indexed by d is filled in as the index of the sp point.
  • the updated crosstab will be fully configured into the cross-chip or packet-switched chip via the FPGA.
  • the configuration format is similar to the crosstab, which is a cross table with the destination point indexed and the source point index as the content.
  • the optical communication device uses a cross chip
  • the XC FPGA is located at the cross card, and is connected to the cross chip
  • the cross table is configured into the service cross chip according to the protection switching state to protect the service. Switching operation.
  • the packet switching chip on the packet switching card it is located on the line card and the cross card where the sink is located, and the position of the XC FPGA is located on the cross card; in this embodiment
  • the crosstab is converted into a multicast index table (Multicast ID, MC-ID) and configured into a packet switching chip.
  • MC-ID table a cross from s to d is a row of records indexed by s and represented by a globally unique MC-ID.
  • the content that the MC-ID table can express is completely equivalent to the crosstab.
  • the crosstab can be configured into the cross-chip or the MC-ID table can be configured into the packet-switching chip.
  • a physical business cross path was established.
  • the optical communication device includes at least one FPGA, and the plurality of protection state machines are implemented in the FPGA, wherein the multiple protection state machines Corresponding to the protection group respectively; the method includes: when detecting the switching trigger information indicating that the local network element may have a switching trigger condition, the FPGA transmits the switching trigger information to each protection state machine through the hardware bus; The protection state machine determines one or more related protection groups that may be affected by each switching triggering situation according to the service flow information related to the received switching trigger information, and generates corresponding switching triggering conditions according to each of the switching triggering information; The protection state machines corresponding to the related protection groups respectively query one or more pre-stored tables: an operation result of an automatic protection switching protocol pre-associated with a switching trigger condition that may affect each of the related protection groups; each of the protection state machines Update the crosstab based on the result of the operation and configure the updated crosstab to the cross chip or packet switch via the FPGA chip.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method and device for improving the protection performance of multiple sets of protection switching provided by the present invention implement the protection switching protocol algorithm from the hardware and can process multiple sets of protection switching in parallel, thereby greatly reducing the services caused by multiple sets of protection switching. Interruption time improves protection switching performance.
  • the setting is flexible and the applicability is wide.
  • the method and device for improving the performance of multiple sets of protection switching provided by the present invention are different from the group protection specified by the protocol, and it is not necessary to set the group protection group and the service layer information in advance, which can not affect Under the premise of independent protection of each protection group, batch switching is implemented instead of unified protection switching fixed at the service layer, which provides maximum configuration flexibility and is applicable to various topologies, including linear or ring network protection.

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Abstract

本发明的基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备，设备中的FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送给各保护状态机；各保护状态机根据相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别预存表中查询自动保护倒换协议运算结果；根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片；从硬件上实现了保护倒换的协议算法并能并行处理多组保护倒换，减少了因批量倒换引起的业务中断时间，提高了多组保护倒换性能，增加了网络的生存能力。

Description

基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备 技术领域
本发明涉及光传输网技术领域，特别是涉及基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备。
背景技术
光传送网(Optical Transport Network，OTN)广泛应用于骨干传送网，它基于波分复用技术，完全向后兼容，可以和现网中的光同步数字传输网(SDH)和波分复用(WDM)设备融合，提供大颗粒度的复用、交叉和配置，显著提升传输网对高带宽数据的适配和传送效率。同时OTN设备还提供了灵活的基于电层和光层的业务保护功能，如基于光通路数据单元(ODUk)层的子网连接保护(SNCP)和共享环网保护等，支持业务保护功能的光传输设备可以在网络发生故障(比如断光纤或信号误码)时把业务切换至备用通道上，提供业务自动恢复能力。
承载了数十Gbit/s甚至Tbit/s的速率的OTN网络一旦光纤毁坏将中断大量的业务，所以我们必须要提高光传送网络的生存能力，网络生存能力的一个衡量指标就是倒换性能，一般业界规定业务恢复时间(所有保护倒换相关的APS字节交互，每个节点的保护倒换动作的完成)必须小于50毫秒，这样保证用户在通话中不会感到任何保护倒换的影响。
在实际网络环境中，往往出现一个线路故障会影响到多个保护组并引起这些保护组批量进行保护倒换操作的情况，这些保护组的保护倒换处理通常都是串行执行，其保护倒换耗时随着保护组的个数的增加呈线性增长，当网元节点配置的保护组较多的情况下，保护倒换总耗时将较长，很难满足业务恢复时间小于50毫秒的要求。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备，用于解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种基于硬件的保护组倒换方法，应用于作为本地网元的光通信设备，所述光通信设备包含至少一FPGA，所述FPGA中实现多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；所述方法包括：FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息 生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；各所述保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述倒换触发信息包括：故障状态信息和/或发生变化的APS字节信息。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述FPGA在检测到对应倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机，包括：当检测到光传输网出现故障或从光传输网线路提取出的自动保护倒换协议字节发生变化，根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，并通过硬件总线将所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文送至对应的保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述根据故障状态生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，包括：确定每一个新产生的故障状态所属的业务流信息；按照对应关系将故障状态所属的业务流信息中对应告警的信息转换成所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文中的故障码；其中，所述故障码的值与所述告警的严重程度成正比，也与处理优先级成正比，以供各所述保护状态机根据所接收的各硬件辅助保护倒换报文间故障码的值的比较结果来选取最高处理优先级的告警进行处理。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的保护组倒换方法，还包括：通过软件程序检测所述倒换触发信息；在检测到时，调用所述硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的保护组倒换方法，还包括：通过一控制器模块选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的保护组倒换方法，包括：通过一控制器模块选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机；或者，选择将APS字节复制到对端网元的业务流中。
于本发明的一实施例中，硬件辅助保护倒换报文的ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号；所述APS/PCC字段的第四个字节用于设置所述故障码。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：保护组的保护倒换状态的信息；用于发向对端网元的代表本地网元APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的保护组倒换方法，还包括：通过查询到的自动保护倒换 协议运算结果来更新本地网元的发送APS字节及业务保护倒换操作的信息；传输更新后的发送APS字节至对端网元，以令其跟随进行相应的保护倒换操作。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的保护组倒换方法，还包括：所述保护状态机根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果更新保护状态表；其中，所述保护状态表记录着与该保护状态机对应的保护组的保护倒换状态的信息。
于本发明的一实施例中，对于交叉芯片，所述交叉表的格式是一个以目的点为索引且以源点索引作为内容的交叉表格；对于分组交换芯片，所述交叉表的格式为组播索引表形式；在组播索引表中，一条交叉用全局唯一的一个组播索引表示。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种光通信设备，用于作为光传输网中的本地网元，所述光通信设备包括：FPGA，实现有多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；所述FPGA，用于在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；所述FPGA，通信连接于交叉芯片或分组交换芯片，用于根据运算结果更新交叉表将更新后的交叉表配置到所述交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述倒换触发信息包括：故障状态信息和/或发生变化的APS字节信息。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述FPGA在检测到对应倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机，包括：当检测到光传输网出现故障或从光传输网线路提取出的自动保护倒换协议字节发生变化，根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，并通过硬件总线将所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文送至对应的保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，包括：确定每一个新产生的故障状态所属的业务流信息；按照对应关系将故障状态所属的业务流信息中对应告警的信息转换成所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文中的故障码；其中，所述故障码的值与所述告警的严重程度成正比，也与处理优先级成正比，以供各所述保护状态机根据所接收的各硬件辅助保护倒换报文间故障码的值的比较结果来选取最高处理优 先级的告警进行处理。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的光通信设备，还包括：软件程序模块，用于检测所述倒换触发信息；并在检测到时，调用所述硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的光通信设备，还包括：控制器模块，用于选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的光通信设备，还包括：控制器模块，用于选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机；或者，选择将APS字节复制到对端网元的业务流中。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文的ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号；所述APS/PCC字段的第四个字节用于设置所述故障码。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：保护组的保护倒换状态的信息；用于发向对端网元的代表本地网元APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述的光通信设备，还包括：光通信模块；所述保护状态机，用于通过查询到的自动保护倒换协议运算结果来更新本地网元的发送APS字节及业务保护倒换操作的信息；所述光通信模块，用于传输更新后的发送APS字节至对端网元，以令其跟随进行相应的保护倒换操作。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述保护状态机，用于根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果更新保护状态表；其中，所述保护状态表记录着每一个涉及对应的保护组的业务的倒换状态。
于本发明的一实施例中，对于交叉芯片，所述交叉表的格式是一个以目的点为索引且以源点索引作为内容的交叉表格；对于分组交换芯片，所述交叉表的格式为组播索引表形式；在组播索引表中，一条交叉用全局唯一的一个组播索引表示。
如上所述，本发明的基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备，所述光通信设备包含至少一FPGA，所述FPGA中实现多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；所述方法包括：FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件 预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；各所述保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。本发明从硬件上实现了保护倒换的协议算法并能并行处理多组保护倒换，减少了因批量倒换引起的业务中断时间，提高了多组保护倒换性能，增加了网络的生存能力。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明的一实施例中光通信设备进行倒换操作的原理示意图；
图2显示为本发明的一实施例中保护组倒换方法的流程示意图；
图3显示为本发明的一实施例中的HAPS报文的结构示意图。
图4显示为本发明的一实施例中的控制器模块的模块示意图；
图5显示为本发明的一实施例中根据本地请求与远端请求查询当前最高优先级请求的表格的示意图；
图6显示为本发明的一实施例中根据最高优先级请求与APS字节查询倒换状态的表格的示意图；
图7a和7b分别显示为业务在正常工作和发生倒换情况下的网元节点流转的结构示意图。
图8为按照本发明的又一实施例中光通信设备进行倒换操作的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制，其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变，且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
本发明的技术方案是关于光传输网络(OTN)中的倒换性能提升的。
本发明的技术方案是通过FPGA定时扫描支持光传送网协议的网元(如成帧器)的倒换触发信息，其中，所述倒换触发信息表示可能存在倒换触发情况，例如光纤链路、业务层出现故障等或者从相应光传送网线路提取出的接收自动保护倒换协议(APS)字节发生变化后， 也即是说，所述倒换触发信息包括故障状态信息和/或APS字节；具体的，所述FPGA扫描成帧器的故障状态和业务开销，当检测到可能触发保护倒换的故障状态信息或APS字节时，根据故障状态和APS字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换(Hardware Assistant APS，HAPS)报文，通过硬件总线传给保护状态机进行运算；所述保护状态机可以是根据系统最大交换容量在FPGA里实现的多个，每个保护状态机可以独立地并行运算自动保护倒换协议；保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，FPGA再将交叉表结果刷新到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片里。该方法从硬件上实现了保护倒换的协议算法并能并行处理多组保护倒换，减少了因批量倒换引起的业务中断时间，提高了多组保护倒换性能。
如图1所示，展示为本发明提供的一个基于交叉芯片方案实现的光通信设备实施例，在光传输网络中该光通信设备可以作为一网元，相对于与其通信的对端网元来说，该光通信设备作为本地网元。于本实施例中，该光通信设备包括多块板卡：交叉卡20、工作通道线路卡30和保护线路卡40。在交叉卡20上有相连的交叉芯片21和XC FPGA 22，XC FPGA 22配置实现有多个保护状态机，具体的业务交叉配置以及保护状态计算都是由XC FPGA22的保护状态机完成。
工作通道线路卡30和保护线路卡40上包含OTN成帧器31、41和HAPS FPGA32、42，OTN成帧器31、41与交叉卡上的交叉芯片21连接；HAPS FPGA模块32、42分别与OTN成帧器31、41和交叉卡上的XC FPGA22连接；光传送网业务通过光纤进入OTN成帧器31，首先进行光电转换，把光信号转换成电信号，然后由HAPS FPGA 32从电信号里分离出故障状态和开销字节并生成HAPS报文，将保护协议所需要的开销字节通过支持APS协议的硬件总线传入XC FPGA 22的保护状态机进行保护计算，具体业务数据则进入交叉芯片21进行交换。
需说明的是，在本实施例中，由于线路卡和交叉卡是相互分离的，因此可以存在XC FPGA 22和HAPS FPGA 32、42等多个FPGA，在其它实施例中，XC FPGA 22和HAPS FPGA 32、42也可以合而为一，例如整个网元设备就是一张板卡组成，那么所有的网元功能，包括主控卡、交叉卡和线路卡都在这一张板卡里实现，那么HAPS FPGA和XC FPGA可以合一，故并非以本实施例为限。
如图2所示，展示本发明于一实施例中的基于硬件的保护组倒换方法，其可应用于例如图1或图8实施例中的光通信设备，所述光通信设备中实现多个保护组，实现于所述FPGA的每个保护状态机分别对应有保护组进行运算。
所述方法包括：
步骤S1：FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机。
承前所述，所述倒换触发信息包括：故障状态信息和/或发生变化的APS字节信息。
并且，所述硬件总线是通过HAPS报文来传送业务流信息的，而本发明将所述倒换触发信息附加在HAPS报文中传送。
其中，在所述HAPS报文中，倒换触发信息转换为对应本地网元所出现的倒换触发情况的故障码，所述故障码可以按照如下方法生成：确定每一个新产生的故障状态所属的业务流，按照下表1中的对应关系将故障业务流信息中的具体告警转换成HAPS报文里的故障码。
故障告警 HAPS故障码(比特7～0)
设备告警 比特7，比特6
硬件故障-板卡不在位，电源盘故障等 11
软件故障-软件崩溃等 10
预留，供扩展用 01
正常 00
线路告警-OTUk 比特5，比特4，比特3
OTUk_LOF 111
OTUk_LOM 110
OTUk_TIM 101
OTUk_AIS 100
OTUk_DEG 011
OTUk_EXC 010
预留，供扩展用 001
正常 000
业务告警-ODUk 比特2，比特1，比特0
ODUk_PM_AIS,ODUk_TCMn_AIS 111
ODUk_PM_LCK,ODUk_TCMn_LCK 110
ODUk_PM_OCI,ODUk_TCMn_OCI 101
ODUk_PM_TIM,ODUk_TCMn_TIM 100
ODUk_PM_DEG,ODUk_TCMn_DEG 011
ODUk_PM_EXC,ODUk_TCMn_EXC 010
预留，供扩展用 001
正常 000
表1
从上表可以看出，告警的严重程度越高，所对应的故障码数值就越大，代表有更高的保护请求优先级。如果同一条业务同时产生多条告警，只为最高优先级告警生成故障码；如果保护组的工作、保护通道同时产生告警，这些告警对应的故障码都会被输入保护状态机参与保护请求优先级比较，通常只有最高优先级请求的故障会得到状态机的响应。
于本发明的一实施例中，如图3所示，所述HAPS报文格式与标准中的APS信道格式一 样，使用ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号。APS/PCC字段的第四个字节被保留，在本发明中用来设置所述本地故障码。
优选的，在上述实施例中，所述HAPS报文的生成是使用所述FPGA来实现以提高倒换性能，但是对于没有提供接口供FPGA外部扫描的成帧器，也可以通过软件程序模块来实现：软件定时刷新成帧器并记录下当前状态，当检测到可能触发保护倒换的光纤链路、业务层故障或者接收APS字节时，生成对应的故障码，调用硬件总线的接口将HAPS信息发送给状态机。
基于此，优选的，为了兼容FPGA或是软件生成HAPS报文的设计，可增加一个控制器模块决定最终传给状态机的故障码和APS字节是来自FPGA或是软件的配置，并且为了加快环网保护倒换的性能，该控制器还可以设置成如下模式：HAPS报文不经过状态机做任何处理，直接将APS字节复制到对端的业务流里。
图4中的图4种左边三个方框分别代表三个寄存器:APS_INS对应中间的K1INS[7:0]和K2INS[7:0]；APS_SET对应左上的K1Set[7:0]和K2Set[7:0]；APS_MON对应左下的K1K2Filter,K1MON,K2MON。
其中，APS_INS代表来自软件的配置，APS_SET代表来自FPGA的配置，APS_MON代表接收到的APS字节，控制器根据APS字节的配置模式决定将哪个APS字节传递到状态机，提供了配置的灵活性。
步骤S2：通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件。
在一实施例中，如前所述，所述业务流信息是通过硬件总线的HAPS报文传送的。
于本发明的一实施例中，光通信设备对应各网元配置有保护组信息，所述保护组信息包括：保护组标示号、该保护组在本地网元所占用的工作通道和保护通道的板卡信息、接口端口信息、及业务容量和时隙信息；保护状态机通过比对所述保护组信息及存在故障的业务流的业务流信息是否相关，就能确定会受到该倒换触发情况影响的保护组。
如果存在故障的业务流和所有的保护组都不相关则丢弃所述故障业务流信息，如果有保护组与所述业务流信息相关，则确定该保护组为受影响的保护组；再根据光传输网络协议将业务流信息中的具体告警信息转换为保护组的触发条件，网元设备的工作端口和保护端口的状态可以分为：SF(信号故障)、SD(信号劣化)、NORMAL(信号正常)三种。其中， SF和SD对应故障状态，SF的告警有LOS、AIS、LOF、LOM、TTI，产生SD的告警有DEG，因此，由此生成的触发条件可分为信号故障类及信号劣化类。
步骤S3：与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果。
于本发明的一实施例中，当保护状态机获得同时产生的多组触发条件时，为了提高倒换性能，不是对所述多组保护组中的每个保护组依次进行自动保护倒换协议运算，而是采用查表法查找保护计算结果。
所述查表法就是将一些事先计算好的结果，即每个保护组在各种触发条件的组合输入条件下的自动保护倒换协议运算结果，存储在一或多张表中，当接收到上报的多组保护的触发条件信息时，将触发条件组合与所存表的输入条件进行比对，直接查到各保护组的保护倒换状态结果，在此过程中，各保护组的自动保护协议运算是并行而且独立的。
优选的，于本发明的一实施例中，所述表可以有一或多种，如保护表的形式及查表方法可例如以下所示：
a)提供与本地网元设备的倒换触发条件比较的第一查找表，该第一查找表可以是以本地工作端口和保护端口的故障状态与外部命令为坐标的二维数组形式，按照协议规定顺序比较优先级，输出结果为本地最高优先级请求；
b)提供与本地网元和远端网元设备相关倒换触发条件比较的第二查找表，该第二查找表是以步骤a的输出本地最高优先级请求和来自远端网元的远端请求为坐标的二维数组，比较的标准和步骤a一样，如果本地请求和远端请求优先级一样，请求的通道号也一样，则以远端请求优先，输出的结果为状态机当前最高优先级请求；
c)提供状态机倒换结果的第三查找表：该第三查找表的输入条件为步骤b中查找第二查找表所输出的当前最高优先级请求、远端请求的通道号和本地请求的通道号，当两个请求的通道号相同则倒换至保护通道，否则倒换至工作通道；所述倒换结果即保护组应当要进入的状态；
d)类似于第三查找表的格式，再提供以第二查找表输出的当前最高优先级请求作为输入，并用于查询状态机桥接结果的第四查找表和查找发送APS字节的第五查找表；
e)根据步骤S2得到的倒换触发条件，查询与本地输入条件比较的第一查找表，得出本地最高优先级请求；再查询与本地和远端输入条件比较的第二查找表，得到当前最高优先级请求；再分别查找状态机桥接结果、倒换结果和发送APS字节的第三查找表、第四查找表和第五查找表，得到所有的输出结果。
根据上述，所述自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：保护组的保护倒换状态的信息；用于发向对端网元的代表本地网元APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
在通过步骤S3查询到自动保护倒换协议运算结果后，根据该自动保护倒换协议运算结果来更新本地网元的发送APS字节及业务保护倒换操作的信息。
进而如步骤S4：传输更新后的发送APS字节至对端网元，以令其跟随进行相应的保护倒换操作。
更具体的，按照本发明的实施例，本网元设备的工作端口和保护端口的故障状态可以分为：SF(信号故障)、SD(信号劣化)、NORMAL(信号正常)三种。其中产生SF的告警有LOS、AIS、LOF、LOM、TTI，产生SD的告警有DEG。按照故障出现在工作端口还是保护端口上，组合起来有以下5种线路故障：
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000001
SF_P(保护端口信号故障)
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000002
SF_W(工作端口信号故障)
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000003
SD_P(保护端口信号劣化)
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000004
SD_W(工作端口信号劣化)
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000005
NORMAL(工作、保护端口信号正常)
按照本发明的实施例，本网元设备的外部命令按照优先级从高到低有7种：
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000006
CLEAR–清除命令
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000007
LP–保护锁定命令
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000008
FS_W–强制倒换到工作端口
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000009
FS_P–强制倒换到保护端口
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000010
MS_W–手动倒换到工作端口
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000011
MS_P–手动倒换到保护端口
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000012
EXER_P和EXER_W练习倒换命令(工作/保护端口)
按照协议规定，接收APS字节的结构如前图3所示，使用ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号。
按照本发明的实施例，对端网元设备通过APS字节表示对端网元设备的状态分为以下三类(共15种)：
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000013
对端线路状况：有SF(工作/保护端口)、SD(工作/保护端口)四种
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000014
对端外部命令：LP、FS(工作/保护端口)、MS(工作/保护端口)、EXER(工作/保护 端口)七种
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000015
对端MSP状态：WTR(故障清除计时)、DNR(不返回)、NR(无请求)、RR(回复请求)四种
以1+1双向保护状态机为例，利用图5中的表根据本地请求与远端请求查询保护组当前最高优先级请求，其中最上面一行为远端请求，最左边一列为本端请求。图5中表的内容就是保护组在各种本地请求和远端请求组合中当前最高优先级请求，如果带着
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000016
的符号，说明当前最高优先级请求是来自于远端网元设备的请求。
于本发明的一实施例中,图6展示用于根据最高优先级的请求(Highest REQUEST)以及接收到的APS字节来查询保护组状态的表，其中，保护组状态的类型有空闲(idle)、保护倒换(switched)、或待恢复(WTR)。
在图6所示表中，比较发送APS字节中的“要求提供信号(Requested Signal)”与接收APS字节的“桥接信号(Bridged Signal)”(见图3)，如果两者均为1则本网元设备从保护端口选收信号；若两者不一致或两者均为0，从工作端口选收信号。
于本发明的一实施例中，通过查表后得到的自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：保护组的倒换结果；用于发向对端网元设备的代表本网元设备APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
举一实例具体说明查表过程，对于网元A，当检测到工作通道有信号故障时，首先查其本地或在远端预存的如图5所示格式的表中数据，由于本地请求是SF_W，远端请求是NR，所以当前最高优先级请求是SF_W；再去查网元A本地或在远端预存的如图6所示格式的表中数据，当前最高优先级请求是本地的SF_W，远端请求信号是0，当前状态是Idle，所以当前倒换状态应该保持在Idle。
对于网元B，当检测到来自网元A的APS字节
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000017
查网元B本地或在远端预存的如图5所示格式的表中数据，由于本地请求是NR，所以当前最高优先级请求是
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000018
然后查网元B本地或在远端预存的如图6所示格式的表中数据，当前最高优先级请求是远端的
Figure PCTCN2018092101-appb-000019
远端请求信号是1，当前状态是Idle，所以当前状态应该变成倒换状态(switched)。
当网元A检测到来自网元B的APS字节RR，查其如图5所示格式的表中数据，本地请求还是SF_W，所以当前最高优先级请求还是SF_W；查其如图6所示格式的表中数据，远端请求信号是1，当前状态是Idle，所以当前状态也应该变成倒换状态。
步骤S5：各所述保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表 配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
于本发明的一实施例中，所述保护状态机会根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果更新交叉表和保护状态表，所述保护状态表可以是步骤S3的查表法中所涉及的需要查询的一或多个张表中的一个。
具体的，如下表2所示，展示所述交叉表的格式，表中记录着每一组实际交叉的配置，可一并参阅图7a，一条从s到d的交叉，在交叉表里就是一个以d为索引的一行记录，这个记录的业务源点内容填得就是s点的索引；
业务宿点 业务源点
0 1
1 4
--  
d s
--  
表2
如下表3所示，展示所述保护状态表的格式，里面记录着系统每一个涉及保护组的业务的倒换状态，可结合图7b所示，一条从s(工作通道)和sp(保护通道)选收并且业务宿点为d的保护业务，在保护状态表就是一个以d为索引的一行记录，这个记录的工作通道就是s的索引，保护通道就是sp的索引，还有一个倒换状态代表保护组当前的保护倒换状态，倒换状态可以是工作通道或是保护通道，由所述保护状态机根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果来填写。
业务宿点 保护使能 工作通道 保护通道 倒换状态
--        
d True s sp working
--        
表3
如果当前保护组状态是在工作通道，d就从s点接受业务，状态机修改保护状态表里的倒换状态为working，并根据这个结果去更新交叉表，将以d为索引的这个记录的业务源点内容填为s点的索引；如果当前保护组状态是在保护通道，d就从sp点接受业务，保护状态机修改保护状态表里的倒换状态为protecting，并根据这个结果去更新交叉表，将以d为索引 的这个记录的业务源点内容填为sp点的索引。
更新后的交叉表会通过FPGA全量配置到交叉芯片或者分组交换芯片中。对于交叉芯片，配置格式和交叉表类似，是一个以目的点为索引，源点索引作为内容的交叉表格。
在图1的实施例中，光通信设备采用的是交叉芯片，则该XC FPGA的位置就位于交叉卡，和交叉芯片相连，根据保护倒换状态将交叉表配置进业务交叉芯片，做业务的保护倒换操作。
而在图8所示的实施例中，对于分组交换卡上的分组交换芯片，其位于宿点所在的线路卡及交叉卡上，该XC FPGA的位置则位于交叉卡上；在此实施例中，将交叉表转换成组播索引表(Multicast ID，MC-ID)形式配置进分组交换芯片。在MC-ID表里，一条从s到d的交叉就是一个以s为索引的一行记录，并用全局唯一的一个MC-ID表示。
从本质上看，MC-ID表所能表达的内容和交叉表完全等效，从效果上看，将交叉表配置进交叉芯片或是将MC-ID表配置进分组交换芯片都能从硬件上建立了一条物理业务交叉通路。
综上所述，本发明的基于硬件的保护组倒换方法及光通信设备，所述光通信设备包含至少一FPGA，所述FPGA中实现多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；所述方法包括：FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；各所述保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
1)提高倒换性能，本发明提供的提高多组保护倒换性能的方法和设备，从硬件上实现了保护倒换的协议算法并能并行处理多组保护倒换，大大减少了多组保护倒换引起的业务中断时间，提高了保护倒换性能。
2)设置灵活，适用性广，本发明提供的提高多组保护倒换性能的方法和设备，不同于协议规定的组群保护，不需要提前设置组群保护组及服务层信息，能在不影响各个保护组的独立保护的前提下，实现了批量倒换，而不是固定于服务层的统一保护倒换，最大地提供了配置的灵活性，适用于各种拓扑，包括线形或者环网保护。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种基于硬件的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，应用于作为本地网元的光通信设备，所述光通信设备包含至少一FPGA，所述FPGA中实现多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；所述方法包括：
    FPGA在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；
    通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；
    与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；
    各所述保护状态机根据运算结果更新交叉表，通过FPGA将更新后的交叉表配置到交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，所述倒换触发信息包括：故障状态信息和/或发生变化的APS字节信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，所述FPGA在检测到对应倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机，包括：
    当检测到光传输网出现故障或从光传输网线路提取出的自动保护倒换协议字节发生变化，根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，并通过硬件总线将所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文送至对应的保护状态机。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，所述根据故障状态生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，包括：
    确定每一个新产生的故障状态所属的业务流信息；
    按照对应关系将故障状态所属的业务流信息中对应告警的信息转换成所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文中的故障码；其中，所述故障码的值与所述告警的严重程度成正比，也与处理优先级成正比，以供各所述保护状态机根据所接收的各硬件辅助保护倒换报文间故障码的值的比较结果来选取最高处理优先级的告警进行处理。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过软件程序检测所述倒换触发信息；
    在检测到时，调用所述硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，还包括：通过一控制器模块选择由 所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，包括：通过一控制器模块选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机；或者，选择将APS字节复制到对端网元的业务流中。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，硬件辅助保护倒换报文的ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号；所述APS/PCC字段的第四个字节用于设置所述故障码。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，所述自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：
    保护组的保护倒换状态的信息；
    用于发向对端网元的代表本地网元APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；
    对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过查询到的自动保护倒换协议运算结果来更新本地网元的发送APS字节及业务保护倒换操作的信息；
    传输更新后的发送APS字节至对端网元，以令其跟随进行相应的保护倒换操作。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述保护状态机根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果更新保护状态表；其中，所述保护状态表记录着与该保护状态机对应的保护组的保护倒换状态的信息。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，对于交叉芯片，所述交叉表的格式是一个以目的点为索引且以源点索引作为内容的交叉表格；对于分组交换芯片，所述交叉表的格式为组播索引表形式；在组播索引表中，一条交叉用全局唯一的一个组播索引表示。
  13. 一种光通信设备，其特征在于，用于作为光传输网中的本地网元，所述光通信设备包括：
    FPGA，实现有多个保护状态机，其中，所述多个保护状态机分别对应有保护组；
    所述FPGA，用于在检测到表示本地网元可能存在倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机；通过各所述保护状态机来根据所接收的倒换触发信息相关的业务流信息确定可能被各倒换触发情况影响的一或多个相关保护组，并根据各所述倒换触发信息生成对应的各个倒换触发条件；与所述相关保护组对应的保护状态机分别在一或多张预存表中查询：与可能影响各该相关保护组的倒换触发条件预先关联的自动保护倒换协议运算结果；
    所述FPGA，通信连接于交叉芯片或分组交换芯片，用于根据运算结果更新交叉表将更新后的交叉表配置到所述交叉芯片或分组交换芯片。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述倒换触发信息包括：故障状态信息和/或发生变化的APS字节信息。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述FPGA在检测到对应倒换触发情况的倒换触发信息时，通过硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给各所述保护状态机，包括：
    当检测到光传输网出现故障或从光传输网线路提取出的自动保护倒换协议字节发生变化，根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，并通过硬件总线将所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文送至对应的保护状态机。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述根据故障状态或自动保护倒换协议字节生成硬件辅助保护倒换报文，包括：
    确定每一个新产生的故障状态所属的业务流信息；
    按照对应关系将故障状态所属的业务流信息中对应告警的信息转换成所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文中的故障码；其中，所述故障码的值与所述告警的严重程度成正比，也与处理优先级成正比，以供各所述保护状态机根据所接收的各硬件辅助保护倒换报文间故障码的值的比较结果来选取最高处理优先级的告警进行处理。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，还包括：
    软件程序模块，用于检测所述倒换触发信息；并在检测到时，调用所述硬件总线传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，还包括：控制器模块，用于选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的保护组倒换方法，其特征在于，还包括：控制器模块，用于选择由所述FPGA或软件程序来传送所述倒换触发信息给保护状态机；或者，选择将APS字节复制到对端网元的业务流中。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述硬件辅助保护倒换报文的ODUk开销中的APS/PCC字段的前三个字节来承载倒换请求、保护类型、要求提供的信号和桥接信号；所述APS/PCC字段的第四个字节用于设置所述故障码。
  21. 根据权利要求14所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述自动保护倒换协议运算结果，包括：
    保护组的保护倒换状态的信息；
    用于发向对端网元的代表本地网元APS协议状态发生更新的发送APS字节；
    对受故障影响的业务需进行的保护倒换操作的操作信息。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，还包括：光通信模块；所述保护状态机，用于通过查询到的自动保护倒换协议运算结果来更新本地网元的发送APS字节及业务保护倒换操作的信息；
    所述光通信模块，用于传输更新后的发送APS字节至对端网元，以令其跟随进行相应的保护倒换操作。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，所述保护状态机，用于根据自动保护倒换协议运算结果更新保护状态表；其中，所述保护状态表记录着每一个涉及对应的保护组的业务的倒换状态。
  24. 根据权利要求13所述的光通信设备，其特征在于，对于交叉芯片，所述交叉表的格式是一个以目的点为索引且以源点索引作为内容的交叉表格；对于分组交换芯片，所述交叉表的格式为组播索引表形式；在组播索引表中，一条交叉用全局唯一的一个组播索引表示。
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