WO2019095487A1 - 一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置 - Google Patents

一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019095487A1
WO2019095487A1 PCT/CN2017/116638 CN2017116638W WO2019095487A1 WO 2019095487 A1 WO2019095487 A1 WO 2019095487A1 CN 2017116638 W CN2017116638 W CN 2017116638W WO 2019095487 A1 WO2019095487 A1 WO 2019095487A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mesh
floating
central
rib
wind turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/116638
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑向远
雷宇
李炜
赵生校
陈道毅
李轶
Original Assignee
清华大学深圳研究生院
中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司
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Application filed by 清华大学深圳研究生院, 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 filed Critical 清华大学深圳研究生院
Priority to US16/182,285 priority Critical patent/US10716296B2/en
Publication of WO2019095487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095487A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of offshore wind power generation and fishery cage culture, in particular to a comprehensive device for marine floating wind turbines and fishery cage culture.
  • the basic forms of offshore wind turbines are mainly divided into fixed foundations and floating foundations.
  • the bottom bending moment and overturning moment of the fixed fan foundation are large.
  • the fixed foundation is suitable for shallow seas within 40 meters.
  • the foundation of the floating wind turbine can be installed in the sea area hundreds of meters deep, and the infrastructure cost is relatively low. Therefore, for wind power generation in the middle and deep sea areas, the floating foundation is an inevitable choice.
  • the increase in water depth also means more severe sea conditions, which puts high demands on the specific structure of the floating foundation.
  • the currently used marine aquaculture cages are mainly gravity-type high-density polyethylene cages.
  • Such cages have poor wind and wave resistance in extreme environments such as typhoons, and the nets are easily deformed under the action of waves and currents, so that the cages
  • the culture volume loss is serious, and even the net breakage occurs.
  • the situation of fish escape has brought huge economic losses to the breeding.
  • the environmental conditions in the deep sea are even worse, and the waves are rushing.
  • This kind of cage can not adapt to the sea conditions in the deep sea, which restricts the development of the current aquaculture industry. Therefore, the development of new types of deep-sea breeding cages is imminent, but the problems of anti-wave resistance in engineering nets have not been broken.
  • offshore wind farms will choose the open and deep sea areas of the sea. If they are only used for offshore wind power generation, the utilization of marine resources is insufficient and the payback period of investment is too long. At the same time, the deep-sea breeding cages are far from the coastline, and the power supply is difficult, which also restricts the development of large-scale and intelligent cage culture.
  • the present invention provides an integrated device for marine floating wind turbines and fishery cage culture.
  • the utility model relates to an integrated device for marine floating wind turbines and fishery cage culture, which comprises a wind turbine, a wind turbine tower, a living platform, a floating wind turbine foundation and a mooring device from top to bottom;
  • the floating wind turbine foundation is small in the upper part. a large frustum-shaped steel structure at the bottom;
  • the wind turbine is mounted on the upper end of the wind turbine tower, the lower end is fixed on the floating wind turbine foundation, and the living platform surrounds the bottom of the wind turbine tower;
  • the mooring device Attached to the floating fan base, the integrated device can be moored on the seabed;
  • the integrated device further comprises a side netting, a bottom netting and a lifting device, wherein the side netting is a tension mesh.
  • the lifting device is disposed in the foundation of the floating fan, and is connected to the bottom mesh to enable the bottom mesh to be in the floating fan base Carry out the lift.
  • the foundation of the floating fan is in the shape of a truncated cone with a small upper portion and a large bottom portion, and the center of gravity of the structure is low, and can be unconditionally stabilized.
  • the water surface area of the floating fan foundation is small, the wave load is small; the draft is deep, and the water surface is Without large cross-section structural members, the entire integrated device is floating and has good motion performance.
  • the netting system is installed on the basis of the floating fan, and the side netting and the bottom netting effectively increase the heave additional mass and additional damping of the floating fan foundation, and improve the kinematic performance of the floating fan foundation.
  • the foundation of the floating fan adopts steel structure, the foundation stiffness is large, and the side net clothing adopts tensioning mesh clothing, which does not deform under the action of wave current, and the volume loss of culture can be neglected, which can provide a good growth environment for fish.
  • the marine floating wind turbine and the fishery cage culture integrated device of the invention are suitable for deep sea areas within 200 meters, the environment water quality is superior, the cultured fish is close to the wild, and the economic benefit is good, and at the same time, the integrated device utilizes the floating fan foundation as The peripheral structure of the fish culture cage reduces the total cost.
  • the electric energy generated by the top fan unit is used as a source of electric energy for cage culture, which also solves the problem of electric power source in deep sea cage culture.
  • the invention can realize the purpose of "upper power generation and lower culture” along the water depth direction, and the deepwater culture promotes the remarkable economic benefits that can not be achieved by the simple power generation, and is very suitable for the development of wind power generation and marine aquaculture development in the coastal waters of China.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an offshore floating wind turbine and a fishery cage culture integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an offshore floating wind turbine and a fishery cage culture integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of a central column self-lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view showing the arrangement of a central column self-lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view showing the arrangement of the inclined column self-lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the inclined column self-lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of inclined rails according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the retracting and placing of the mesh around the bottom surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the position of a bottom net in the collection of dead fish and sediment bait according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an integrated device for a marine floating wind turbine and a fishing cage culture of an embodiment includes a wind turbine 1, a wind turbine tower 2, a living platform 3, and a floating wind turbine foundation 4 from top to bottom.
  • mooring device 9 the floating fan foundation 4 is a frustum-shaped steel structure with a small upper portion and a large bottom portion
  • the wind turbine group 1 is installed at the upper end of the wind turbine tower 2, the lower end is fixed on the floating fan foundation 4, and the living platform 3 is surrounded at the bottom of the wind turbine tower 2.
  • the mooring device 9 is attached to the floating wind turbine foundation 4 and can be moored to the seabed.
  • the integrated device further includes a side net 71, a bottom net 72 and a lifting device.
  • the side net 71 is a tension net, surrounded by a side fixed to the floating fan base 4, and the lifting device is disposed in the floating fan base 4. And connected to the bottom mesh 72, the bottom mesh 72 can be raised and lowered in the floating fan base 4.
  • the bottom mesh 72 and the lifting device form a set of retracting net system.
  • the entire integrated device can be moored on the seabed by the mooring device 9, and the wind turbine 1 at the top performs power generation, and the floating wind turbine foundation 4 Internally engaged in fish farming, a portion of the electrical energy generated by the top wind turbine 1 is supplied to the fishery, and the remaining electrical energy can be transported to coastal cities through submarine cables and booster stations.
  • the floating wind turbine foundation 4 is comprised of an upper pyramidal structure and a lower prismatic structure, including a central upright 43 , a plurality of top radial supports 41 , a plurality of top hoop supports 42 , A plurality of side inclined columns 44, a plurality of side supports 45, a plurality of bottom floats 46 and a plurality of bottom radial supports 47.
  • the top of the central column 43 is rigidly connected to the lower end of the fan tower 2, located in the central axial direction of the floating fan foundation 4, and the living platform 3 is located at the top of the central column 43; Connection phase The upper ends of the two side inclined columns 44 are adjacent; all of the top ring supports 42 are located in the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the lower prismatic structure constituting the floating fan foundation 4, which is perpendicular to the central column 43.
  • a plurality of side supports 45 are connected between each two adjacent side inclined columns 44, and two ends of each bottom buoy 46 are respectively connected to the lower ends of the adjacent two side inclined columns 44 (that is, the bottom buoy 46 is in the floating fan base).
  • each bottom radial support 47 is respectively connected to the intersection of the lower end of the central pillar 43 and the adjacent two bottom buoys 46, such that the adjacent two side inclined columns 44 A regular planar structure is formed, and the floating wind turbine foundation 4 has a plurality of such planar structures, each of which is a top circumferential support 42, a side support 45 and a bottom pontoon 46 from top to bottom. All of the bottom radial support 47 and the bottom pontoon 46 are located in the same horizontal plane forming the bottom surface of the lower prismatic structure of the floating wind turbine foundation 4, which is perpendicular to the central upright 43.
  • Each of the top radial supports 41 is at the same angle as the horizontal plane, the higher end is connected to the upper end of the central column 43 and the lower end is connected to the upper end of the side inclined column 44 (better, the lower end is connected to the phase)
  • the adjacent two top annular support 42 at the intersection of the side inclined columns 44 constitute an upper pyramidal structure of the floating fan foundation 4 such that a top radial support 41, a central upright 43, a side inclined upright 44 and A bottom radial support 47 constitutes a radial vertical plane, and the floating wind turbine foundation 4 has a plurality of such radial vertical faces; the top radial support 41 forms an angle with the horizontal plane to enable the floating fan
  • the center of the base 4 is high at the top and low in the periphery, so that the entire living platform 3 is much higher than the sea level, avoiding the impact of splashing and slamming on the living platform 3.
  • the individual members are rigidly connected at the intersection; the same-named members are of the same geometry and material, symmetrically distributed in space with respect to the central uprights 43, that is, a plurality of top radial supports 41, a number of top circumferential supports 42.
  • a plurality of side inclined uprights 44, a plurality of bottom floats 46, a plurality of bottom radial supports 47, and a plurality of side supports 45 each independently have the following features: geometrical dimensions and materials are identical, spatially symmetrically distributed about the central uprights 43 .
  • the top radial support 41 is at an angle of between 10 and 45 degrees from the horizontal plane; the lower prismatic structure has a taper between 60 and 80 degrees.
  • the top and bottom surfaces of the lower prismatic structure are both regular octagons or regular dodecagons (as shown in FIG. 2, preferably in the case of a regular octagon); the side supports 45 may be cross braces or diagonal braces It can also have both cross braces and diagonal braces.
  • each adjacent two bottom pontoons 46 there is also provided a pontoon extension extending toward the bottom surface of the lower ribbed structure (i.e., the length of the bottom radial support 47).
  • the mooring device 9 is coupled to the pontoon extension 461; the interior of the bottom pontoon 46 and the interior of the pontoon extension 461 are each provided with a segmented ballast compartment.
  • the floating fan foundation 4 is a frustum-shaped steel structure with a small upper portion and a large bottom portion, the center of gravity of the integrated device is low.
  • the floating center of the integrated device is always higher than the center of gravity, and the inside of the bottom buoy and the outflow portion of the buoy.
  • the segmented ballast tank provided by the department can further reduce the center of gravity of the integrated device to further ensure that the floating center of the integrated device is always higher than the center of gravity (generally, in one embodiment, the floating center is at least 1 m above the center of gravity) Forming unconditional stability.
  • the mooring device 9 is connected to the pontoon extension 461 to provide greater recovery torque for the entire integrated device and improve stability.
  • the living platform 3 may include a living area of a farmer, a bait bin, a breeding control center, and a wind turbine maintenance room, etc., and the fishermen can live on the living platform 3 and monitor the condition of the fish in the cage in real time, thereby The breeding process is controlled, and the wind turbine maintenance personnel can also temporarily live on the living platform 3 to maintain the wind turbine 1 .
  • the side mesh 71 is a tensioned mesh, and the tensioned mesh here means that the side mesh is always in tension during work.
  • the bottom mesh 72 includes a bottom perimeter rib 721, a plurality of bottom radial ribs 722, a bottom center loop rib 723, and a mesh.
  • the bottom perimeter rib 721 encloses a bottom mesh.
  • the outer circumference of the bottom surface, the bottom center annular mesh rib 723 is located at the middle of the bottom mesh 72, and each of the bottom radial ribs 722 is in the radial direction of the bottom mesh 72, and the bottom center annular mesh 723, the mesh and the bottom surface.
  • the peripheral ribs 721 are connected, and the mesh is connected by a stainless steel ring and a bottom rib 721 and a bottom radial rib 722.
  • the stainless steel ring can slide on the bottom peripheral rib 721 and the bottom radial rib 722.
  • the lifting device comprises an inclined column self-lifting device 83 located inside the floating fan base 4 and a central column self-lifting device 84 nested on the outer circumference of the central column 43.
  • the inclined column is inclined from each side of the lifting device 83
  • the inside of the column 44 is installed.
  • the inclined column is connected to the side inclined column 44 through the first rail by the first rail, and can be lifted and lowered along the first rail.
  • the center pillar is connected to the center pillar 43 through the second rail from the lifting device 84, and can be lifted along the second rail. .
  • the bottom mesh 72 is connected to the inclined column self-lifting device 83 through the bottom peripheral web 721 and the bottom radial web 722; the bottom net 72 is connected to the net post 723 through the bottom center ring to the central post.
  • the bottom mesh 72 can be lifted only by the inclined column self-lifting device 83. At this time, the bottom center ring is not moved to the mesh 723, and the mesh, the bottom peripheral mesh 721 and the bottom radial mesh 722 are lifted.
  • the bottom mesh 72 is gradually changed into a funnel shape; the bottom mesh 72 can also be integrally lifted by the inclined column self-lifting device 83 and the central column self-lifting device 84, and the bottom surface of the bottom mesh 72 as a whole rises.
  • the central circumferential mesh rib 723 surrounds the central upright 43 and moves vertically upward along the central upright 43.
  • the bottom mesh 72 is located at the bottom of the frustum-shaped steel structure fan foundation 4. During the normal culture and the bottom mesh 72 lifting process, the periphery of the bottom mesh rib 721 always adheres to the inner side of the side mesh 71.
  • the first track includes an inclined track 81, a platform lift gear track 811, and a driven gear track 812, each of which is fixedly connected inside (for example, welded)
  • the inclined rail 81 has a T-shaped cross section, and each of the two sides of the inclined rail 81 is fixedly connected (such as welded) with a platform lifting gear rail 811, and the ends thereof are fixedly connected (such as welded) with two followers.
  • the gear track 812 is fixedly coupled (e.g., welded) around the center post 43 with a vertical gear track 82 (i.e., an example of the second track above).
  • the inclined column self-lifting device 83 includes a side lift platform 831, a side lift motor 832 fixed to the side lift platform 831, a side platform lift gear 833, and a driven gear 838,
  • the inclined column self-lifting device 83 is further provided with a bottom surface surrounding mesh retracting reel 834 and a bottom surface radial reel reeling reel 839, and the side lifting platform 831 is further provided with a peripheral mesh retracting guiding device and a radial net. Reinforcement guide.
  • the side lifting platform 831 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a T-shaped notch, the side lifting platform 831 and the inclined rail 81 are nested and can be raised and lowered along the inclined rail 81; the driven gear 838 and the bottom radial reinforcing mesh retracting reel 839 are concentric And fixed together, the bottom radial rib retracting reel 839 is connected to the side lifting platform 831 through the bearing, the driven gear 838 rotates to drive the bottom radial rib retracting reel 839 to rotate; the bottom surrounding rib 721 passes the surrounding rib
  • the retracting guide is connected with the bottom peripheral reel reel 834; the bottom peripheral reel reel 834 and the side platform lifting gear 833 are concentric and fixed together, and the side lifting motor 832 is rotated when the side lifting gear 833 is in operation.
  • the bottom mesh rib retracting reel 834 is driven to rotate, so that the bottom mesh rib 721 can be retracted.
  • the side platform lifting gear 833 and the platform lifting gear track 811 on both sides of the inclined rail 81 are engaged with each other, and the rotating shaft of the side lifting motor 832 is connected via the speed reducer and the side platform lifting gear 833, and the side lifting motor 832 drives the side platform lifting gear 833 along the platform.
  • the lifting gear track 811 is rolled to realize the lifting and lowering of the inclined column self-lifting device 83 on the inclined rail 81; one end of the bottom surface radial reinforcing bar 722 is connected by the radial mesh retracting guiding device and the bottom surface radial mesh retracting reel 839,
  • the driven gear 838 and the driven gear track 812 are engaged with each other, and the side lifting platform 831 drives the driven gear 838 to rotate during the lifting process, thereby driving the bottom radial reinforcing mesh retracting reel 839 to rotate, thereby retracting the bottom radial reinforcing mesh 722.
  • the side platform lifting gear 833 and the bottom peripheral rib retracting reel 834 are designed according to certain requirements, and the driven gear 838 and the bottom radial rib retracting reel 839 are designed according to certain requirements to ensure the bottom rib 721 and
  • the bottom radial rib 722 is always tensioned during the lifting process of the slanting column self-lifting device 83; during the lifting process of the bottom mesh 72, the tension of the mesh reinforced 721 around the bottom surface is maintained to ensure the lifting process during the lifting process.
  • the gap between the 72 and the side nets 71 is sufficiently small to prevent fish from escaping the cage and to maintain the tension of the bottom radial web 722 to better gather the fish together during fishing.
  • the bottom perimeter retraction guide includes an overhanging plate 835, a conduit 836 and a U-shaped lug 837, and the overhanging plate 835 is fixedly coupled (eg, welded) to the side lift platform 831 (see Figure 6 and 8)); the conduit 836 and the U-shaped lug 837 are fixedly connected (eg, welded) to the overhanging plate 835.
  • the inner diameter of the conduit 836 is larger than the diameter of the bottom mesh rib 721, and the bottom peripheral rib 721 can pass through the conduit 836 and U-shaped crane
  • the ear 837 is connected to the bottom periphery of the mesh reinforcement reel 834, and one end of the bottom radial reinforcement 722 is connected to the bottom radial reinforcement reel 839.
  • the side lift platform 831 is provided with a (eg, circular) hole 8310 as a radial mesh retracting guide having an inner diameter greater than the diameter of the bottom radial web 722, the bottom radial web.
  • the ribs 722 can be connected to the bottom radial strand retracting spool 839 through the holes 8310.
  • the central pillar self-lifting device 84 includes a central lifting platform 841, a central lifting motor 843, and a central platform lifting gear 844; the central lifting motor 843 is fixed to the central lifting platform 841, and the central lifting platform 841 is a hollow cylinder.
  • the inner diameter of the central lifting platform 841 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the central column 43.
  • the central lifting platform 841 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the central pillar 43.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom radial reinforcing rib 722 is connected with the bottom radial reinforcing mesh reel 839, and the other end and the bottom surface are connected.
  • the central ring-shaped mesh rib 723 is connected, and the bottom center ring-shaped mesh rib 723 is fixed on the outer side of the central lifting platform 841 to realize the connection of the bottom mesh net 72 and the central column self-lifting device 841, and the central platform lifting gear 844 and the vertical gear track 82 are mutually connected.
  • the rotating shaft of the central lifting motor 843 is connected via the reducer and the central platform lifting gear 844, and the central lifting motor 843 drives the central platform lifting gear 844 to roll along the vertical gear track 82 to realize the central column self-lifting device 84 in the vertical gear track. Lifting on 82.
  • four sets of vertical gear tracks 82 may be welded around the central uprights 43, each set comprising two vertical gear tracks, and accordingly, four sets of central lift motors 843 may be mounted on the central lift platform 841, each set including Two lifting motors are installed, and two side lift motors are mounted on each side lifting platform 831.
  • a collection hole 842 of dead fish and sediment bait is disposed on the central lifting platform 841, and the dead fish and the precipitation bait hole 842 are located at the bottom center ring net rib 723 and the central lifting platform 841.
  • a dead fish and sedimentary bait collection device is also installed for collecting dead fish and sediment bait.
  • a fishing operation platform 6 is disposed on the top hoop support 42, and a rubber fender is disposed on the outer side of the top hoop support 42 for docking the bait carrier and the wind power maintenance vessel to facilitate replenishment of articles and equipment.
  • the transfer of personnel, such as the bait transport vessel, can provide regular feed supplementation and life replenishment of the farmer, and the wind power maintenance vessel can regularly maintain the wind turbine.
  • a steel guardrail passage 5 is provided on at least one of the top radial supports 41 (for example, four top radial supports 41 in the east, the south, the west, and the north), and the steel fence passage 5 is connected to the center. Platform 3 and fishing operating platform 6.
  • a number of sensors may also be placed within the floating wind turbine foundation 4 to monitor the water quality conditions and fish stock conditions inside the cage and transmit the monitoring information to the office area of the living platform 3 in real time.
  • each mooring device 9 may include a winder and an anchor chain connected to the windlass, the anchoring machine being disposed within the floating wind turbine foundation 4, the anchor chain being coupled to the pontoon overhanging section, through the anchor chain
  • the integrated device is moored on the seabed.
  • the construction of offshore floating wind turbines and fishery cage culture integrated equipment can be completed in the dock.
  • the foundation of the floating fan is large steel structure and has symmetry.
  • the welding assembly work of each side plane structure can be completed in advance at the factory, and then transported to the site for overall welding assembly.
  • the inclined column self-lifting device and the central column self-lifting device are installed. Both the side net and the bottom net can be made of mesh with a life span of more than 20 years. According to the size of the cage, it can be customized to the manufacturer.
  • the living platform module can also be built in advance at the factory.
  • the wind turbine and the wind turbine tower can be assembled outside the dock.
  • the wind turbine and the wind turbine tower are integrally hoisted above the central column to complete the connection between the wind turbine tower and the central column, and then hoist the living platform.
  • the side netting and the bottom netting are installed, and the side netting is installed to be tensioned when the side netting is installed.
  • the dock gate is opened to put the seawater, the floating wind turbine foundation floats under the buoyancy of itself, and the whole device is towed out of the dock by the tugboat and dragged to the predetermined sea area.
  • the ballast tank of the bottom pontoon works, the seawater enters the bottom pontoon, the fan base sinks to the design draught, and the entire device is moored to the seabed with a mooring chain in the mooring.
  • the invention has already solved the problem of offshore installation because the installation of the top wind turbine has been completed at the shipyard, and a large amount of installation cost and sea construction time are saved.
  • part of the electric energy generated by the top wind turbine is used for the life platform and the internal sensors of the cage.
  • the remaining electric energy can be transported to the coastal cities through submarine cables and booster stations.
  • the farmers live on the living platform and control the cage culture process in real time, including feeding, cage cleaning, and collection of dead fish.
  • a plurality of feeding machines can be placed on the top radial support rail passage, and the feeding machine delivers the bait to the dense water layer of the fish through the hose.
  • underwater high-pressure cleaning equipment can be used. At present, there are already mature products of this type, which can be purchased directly.
  • the inclined column self-lifting device When the fisherman monitors the presence of dead fish or more sedimentary bait at the bottom of the cage, the inclined column self-lifting device is activated, and the inclined column is driven by the lifting device to raise the bottom mesh to a certain height. At this time, the entire bottom mesh is funnel-shaped (That is, the periphery of the bottom mesh is higher than the center thereof, and the dead fish and the precipitated bait fall down by gravity to the collection hole of the dead fish and the sediment bait of the central lifting platform, and then the dead fish and the precipitated bait are collected and processed.
  • the bait transport vessel regularly provides feed replenishment and life replenishment of the farmer, and the offshore wind power maintenance vessel regularly maintains the wind turbine.
  • the bait transport vessel and the offshore wind power maintenance vessel are docked next to the top hoop support.
  • the bait is directly transported through the pipeline to the bait bin on the living platform.
  • the living materials can be lifted to the fishing platform, and the fan maintenance staff can be maintained from the offshore wind power.
  • the ship is board
  • the inclined column self-lifting device and the central column self-lifting device can be activated at the same time to enhance the bottom mesh body as a whole, and after lifting to a certain height (to facilitate fishing, it should be raised to the position of the fishing operation platform 6) It is advisable to collect the fish in a smaller area and use a fish suction pump to suck the fish onto the vessel. After the fishing is completed, restore the bottom net to the bottom of the cage and start the next round of farming.

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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract

一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖综合装置，从上往下包括风电机组(1)、风机塔筒(2)、生活平台(3)、锥台形钢结构的浮式风机基础(4)和系泊装置(9)；风机塔筒(2)上端安装风电机组(1)，下端固定在浮式风机基础(4)上，生活平台(3)围绕在风机塔筒(2)的底部；系泊装置(9)连接在浮式风机基础(4)上，能将综合装置系泊于海床上；还包括侧面网衣(71)、底面网衣(72)和升降装置，侧面网衣(71)为张紧式网衣，包围固定在浮式风机基础(4)的侧面，升降装置设置在浮式风机基础(4)内，并与底面网衣(72)相连，使底面网衣(72)升降。利用所述浮式风机基础(4)内部空间形成一个巨大的养殖网箱，网箱不变形，自动化程度高，可实现"上发电、下养鱼"，具有良好稳性和耐波性，适合于200米以内的中深水海域。

Description

一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置 技术领域
本发明涉及海上风力发电及渔业网箱养殖领域，尤其涉及一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置。
背景技术
当前，随着陆地资源短缺、人口膨胀、环境恶化等问题的日益严峻，各沿海国家纷纷把目光投向海洋，加快了对海洋的开发和利用。一场以开发海洋为标志的“蓝色革命”已经在世界范围内兴起。
风电作为一种清洁的可再生能源，已得到快速发展。2015年我国海上和陆地风电累计装机容量145362MW，在电力总装机中比重已超过7％，成为仅次于火电和水电的第三大电力来源。与陆地风能资源相比，海上风速高、风速稳定且静风期少，能够更有效地提高风电机组的发电率。此外，海上风电场的建设不占用陆地资源且海上风电场接近沿海人口稠密、用电需求大的经济发达城市，能够减少电力输送成本。距岸线较远的海区其风能更具有质量高、无视觉污染及无噪声污染等优点。基于以上优势，海上风电尤其中深海区的风电开发在2015年后已成为世界各国风能利用的一个主要发展方向。
海上风电机组的基础形式主要分为固定式基础和浮式基础两种。固定式风机基础底部弯矩和倾覆力矩大，随着水深增加，基础尺寸快速增大，造价和施工难度等亦增加。通常而言，固定式基础适用于40米以内的浅海。而浮式风机基础可安装在深达数百米的海域，基础结构造价相对较低。因此，对于中深海区的风力发电，浮式基础是必然选择。但是，水深增加同时意味着更恶劣的海况，这就对浮式基础的具体结构形式提出了很高的要求。
在海洋养殖领域，我国养殖网箱抗风浪性能差，主要布设在20米水深以内的近海海域。由于养殖密度大，在养殖过程中已造成养殖海域环境恶化，鱼类病害发生，鱼品质下降。而深海养殖远离陆地，水质清澈，水流自净化能力比较强，大大减少了养殖鱼类病害的发生。同时，深海海域复杂饵料多，养殖鱼类品相和肉质更接近于野生。因此，深海海域养殖是我国海洋养殖大力发展的一个主攻方向。但是，目前使用的海水养殖网箱主要为重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱，这种网箱在台风等极端环境下抗风浪能力差，网衣在波浪和海流的作用下易变形，使网箱养殖体积损失严重，甚至发生网破 鱼逃的情况，给养殖带来巨大的经济损失。而深海的环境条件更为恶劣，浪大流急，这种网箱不能适应深海海域海况，制约了目前养殖业的发展。所以，研发新型的深海养殖网箱迫在眉睫，但是在工程上网箱抗耐波性等难题尚未得到突破。
未来海上风力发电场将选择海域开阔的中深海区，如果仅仅用来进行海上风力发电，海洋资源利用不够充分，且投入的回报期太长。同时，深海养殖网箱由于远离海岸线，电力供给困难，也制约了网箱养殖大型化和智能化的发展。
发明内容
基于上述，为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置。
一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置，从上往下包括风电机组、风机塔筒、生活平台、浮式风机基础和系泊装置；所述浮式风机基础为上部小、底部大的锥台形钢结构；所述风机塔筒上端安装所述风电机组，下端固定在所述浮式风机基础上，所述生活平台围绕在所述风机塔筒的底部；所述系泊装置连接在所述浮式风机基础上，能将所述综合装置系泊于海床上；所述综合装置还包括侧面网衣、底面网衣和升降装置，所述侧面网衣为张紧式网衣，包围固定在所述浮式风机基础的侧面，所述升降装置设置在所述浮式风机基础内，并与所述底面网衣相连，使所述底面网衣能在所述浮式风机基础内进行升降。
本发明的有益效果包括：
本发明的技术方案中，浮式风机基础呈上部小、底部大的锥台形，结构重心低，可以无条件稳定，浮式风机基础的水线面面积小，波浪荷载小；吃水深，其水面处无大截面的结构构件，整个综合装置是浮式的，具有良好的运动性能。而且，在浮式风机基础上安装了网衣系统，侧面网衣和底面网衣有效地增加了浮式风机基础的垂荡附加质量和附加阻尼，改善了浮式风机基础的运动性能。浮式风机基础采用钢结构，基础刚度大，侧面网衣采用张紧式网衣，在波流作用下不变形，养殖体积损失可以忽略，可以很好为鱼类提供生长环境。本发明的海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖综合装置适用于200米以内的深海海域，环境水质优越，养殖的鱼类接近野生，经济效益好，同时，该综合装置利用浮式风机基础作为渔业养殖网箱的外围结构，降低了总成本，利用顶部风机组产生的电能作为网箱养殖电能来源，也解决了深海网箱养殖的电能来源问题。本发明可实现沿水深方向的“上发电、下养殖”的目的，深水养殖促成了单纯发电所不能达到的显著经济效益，十分适合我国沿海海域风力发电及海洋养殖发展的需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种实施例的海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖综合装置的正视图；
图2是本发明一种实施例的海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖综合装置的俯视图；
图3是本发明一种实施例的中央立柱自升降装置布置俯视图；
图4是本发明一种实施例的中央立柱自升降装置布置正视图；
图5是本发明一种实施例的倾斜立柱自升降装置布置正视图；
图6是本发明一种实施例的倾斜立柱自升降装置布置俯视图；
图7是本发明一种实施例的倾斜轨道布置示意图；
图8是本发明一种实施例的底面周边网筋收放示意图；
图9是本发明一种实施例的死鱼及沉淀饵料收集时底面网衣位置示意图；
图10是本发明一种实施例的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
以下对照附图对发明的较佳实施例作进一步详细说明。
如图1-10所示，一种实施例的海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置，从上往下包括风电机组1、风机塔筒2、生活平台3、浮式风机基础4、和系泊装置9。其中，浮式风机基础4为上部小、底部大的锥台形钢结构，风机塔筒2上端安装风电机组1，下端固定在浮式风机基础4上，生活平台3围绕在风机塔筒2的底部，系泊装置9连接在浮式风机基础4上，能将该综合装置系泊于海床上。综合装置还包括侧面网衣71、底面网衣72和升降装置，侧面网衣71为张紧式网衣，包围固定在浮式风机基础4的侧面，升降装置设置在浮式风机基础4内，并与底面网衣72相连，使底面网衣72能在浮式风机基础4内进行升降。底面网衣72和升降装置形成了一套收放网系统，正常生产过程中，整个综合装置可以通过系泊装置9系泊在海床上，顶部的风电机组1进行发电，在浮式风机基础4内部从事渔业养殖，顶部的风电机组1产生的电能的一部分供给渔业养殖，余下的电能可以通过海底电缆和升压站等输送到沿海城市。
在一些实施例中，如图1和9所示，浮式风机基础4由上部棱锥形结构和下部棱台形结构组成，包括中央立柱43、若干顶部径向支撑41、若干顶部环向支撑42、若干侧面倾斜立柱44、若干侧面支撑45、若干底部浮筒46和若干底部径向支撑47。其中，中央立柱43的顶部与风机塔筒2的下端刚性连接，位于浮式风机基础4的中心轴向上，生活平台3位于中央立柱43的顶部；每个顶部环向支撑42的两端分别连接相 邻两个侧面倾斜立柱44的上端；所有顶部环向支撑42都位于同一水平面内构成浮式风机基础4的下部棱台形结构的顶面，该顶面垂直于中央立柱43。每两个相邻的侧面倾斜立柱44之间连接若干个侧面支撑45，每个底部浮筒46的两端分别连接相邻两个侧面倾斜立柱44的下端(也即底部浮筒46在浮式风机基础4底部沿环向布置)，每个底部径向支撑47的两端分别连接中央立柱43的下端和相邻的两个底部浮筒46的交汇处，这样，相邻的两个侧面倾斜立柱44之间就形成了规整的一榀平面结构，浮式风机基础4中有若干这样的平面结构，每一个平面结构从上往下为顶部环向支撑42、侧面支撑45和底部浮筒46。所有底部径向支撑47和底部浮筒46都位于同一水平面内构成浮式风机基础4的下部棱台形结构的底面，该底面垂直于中央立柱43。每个顶部径向支撑41均与水平面成相同的夹角，较高一端与中央立柱43的上端连接，较低一端与侧面倾斜立柱44的上端连接(较优的是，较低一端连接在相邻的两个顶部环向支撑42在侧面倾斜立柱44的交汇处)，构成浮式风机基础4的上部棱锥形结构，这样，一个顶部径向支撑41、中央立柱43、一个侧面倾斜立柱44和一个底部径向支撑47就组成了一个径向竖直面，浮式风机基础4中有若干这样的径向竖直面；顶部径向支撑41与水平面成一定的夹角，可以使得浮式风机基础4的顶端中心处高，周边低，这样整个生活平台3高出海平面许多，避免了浪溅和砰击对生活平台3的影响。在一些实施例中，各个构件在交汇处均为刚性连接；同名构件其几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间关于中央立柱43对称分布，也即，若干顶部径向支撑41、若干顶部环向支撑42、若干侧面倾斜立柱44、若干底部浮筒46、若干底部径向支撑47、若干侧面支撑45这六者各自独立地具有如下特征：几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于中央立柱43对称分布。
在一些实施例中，浮式风机基础4的上部棱锥形结构中，顶部径向支撑41与水平面成的夹角在10-45°之间；下部棱台形结构的锥度在60-80°之间；下部棱台形结构的顶面和底面均为正八边形或正十二边形(如图2所示，一例中优选为正八边形)；侧面支撑45可以为横撑，也可以为斜撑，还可以既有横撑也有斜撑。
在一些实施例中，在每相邻的两个底部浮筒46的交汇处，还设有朝下部棱台形结构的底面外延径向(也即底部径向支撑47的长度方向)延伸的浮筒外伸段461，系泊装置9连接在浮筒外伸段461上；底部浮筒46内部以及浮筒外伸段461内部均设置有分段压载舱。
由于浮式风机基础4为上部小、底部大的锥台形钢结构，使得该综合装置的重心低，在工作时，综合装置的浮心始终高于重心，而在底部浮筒内部以及浮筒外伸段内 部设置的分段压载舱，可以进一步降低综合装置的重心，以进一步保证综合装置的浮心始终高于重心(一般来说，一实施例中可以达到，浮心位于重心之上至少1m)，形成无条件稳定。系泊装置9连接在浮筒外伸段461上，可以为整个综合装置提供更大的回复力矩，提升稳定性。
在一些实施例中，生活平台3可以包括养殖人员生活区、饵料仓、养殖控制中心和风电机组维修间等，养殖人员可在生活平台3上生活并实时监控网箱内鱼群的状况，从而对养殖过程进行控制，风电机组维修人员也可在生活平台3上临时居住，对风电机组1进行维护。
侧面网衣71为张紧式网衣，此处的张紧式网衣是指侧面网衣在工作时始终处于张紧状态。在一些实施例中，底面网衣72包括底面周边网筋721、若干底面径向网筋722、底面中心环向网筋723和网片，具体地，底面周边网筋721围设形成底面网衣72的外周，底面中心环向网筋723位于底面网衣72的中部，每一个底面径向网筋722在底面网衣72的径向上，均与底面中心环向网筋723、网片和底面周边网筋721连接，网片通过不锈钢环和底面周边网筋721及底面径向网筋722连接，不锈钢环可在底面周边网筋721和底面径向网筋722上滑动。
在一些实施例中，升降装置包括位于浮式风机基础4内侧的倾斜立柱自升降装置83和套在中央立柱43外周上的中央立柱自升降装置84，倾斜立柱自升降装置83在每个侧面倾斜立柱44内侧均有安装。倾斜立柱自升降装置83通过第一轨道与侧面倾斜立柱44连接，并可沿着第一轨道升降，中央立柱自升降装置84通过第二轨道与中央立柱43连接，并可沿着第二轨道升降。
在一些实施例中，底面网衣72通过底面周边网筋721以及底面径向网筋722连接在倾斜立柱自升降装置83上；底面网衣72通过底面中心环向网筋723连接在中央立柱自升降装置84上。底面网衣72可以仅在倾斜立柱自升降装置83的作用下被提升，此时，底面中心环向网筋723不动，网片、底面周边网筋721及底面径向网筋722被提升，使得整个底面网衣72逐渐变成漏斗形；底面网衣72也可以在倾斜立柱自升降装置83和中央立柱自升降装置84的作用下被整体提升，在底面网衣72整体上升过程中，底面中心环向网筋723围绕中央立柱43并沿着中央立柱43向上垂直运动。正常养殖过程中，底面网衣72位于锥台形钢结构风机基础4底部，在正常养殖及底面网衣72提升过程中，底面周边网筋721周边始终紧贴侧面网衣71内侧。
在一些实施例中，如图5、6和7所示，第一轨道包括倾斜轨道81、平台提升齿轮轨道811和从动齿轮轨道812，每个侧面倾斜立柱44内侧均固定连接(如焊接)有 倾斜轨道81，如图7所示，倾斜轨道81截面为T形，其两侧各固定连接(如焊接)有一条平台提升齿轮轨道811，其端部固定连接(如焊接)有两条从动齿轮轨道812，中央立柱43周围固定连接(如焊接)有竖直齿轮轨道82(即上文中第二轨道的一例)。
在一些实施例中，如图5和6所示，倾斜立柱自升降装置83包括侧面提升平台831、固定在侧面提升平台831上的侧面提升电机832、侧面平台提升齿轮833和从动齿轮838，在倾斜立柱自升降装置83上还设有底面周边网筋收放卷轴834和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839，在侧面提升平台831上还设置有周边网筋收放导向装置和径向网筋收放导向装置。其中，侧面提升平台831为带T形缺口的长方体结构，侧面提升平台831和倾斜轨道81形成嵌套，并可沿倾斜轨道81升降；从动齿轮838和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839同心并固定在一起，底面径向网筋收放卷轴839通过轴承和侧面提升平台831相连，从动齿轮838转动时带动底面径向网筋收放卷轴839转动；底面周边网筋721通过周边网筋收放导向装置与底面周边网筋收放卷轴834连接；底面周边网筋收放卷轴834和侧面平台提升齿轮833同心并固定在一起，侧面提升电机832在工作时，使得侧面平台提升齿轮833转动，并将带动底面周边网筋收放卷轴834转动，从而可以收放底面周边网筋721。侧面平台提升齿轮833和倾斜轨道81两侧的平台提升齿轮轨道811相互咬合，侧面提升电机832的转轴经减速器和侧面平台提升齿轮833连接，侧面提升电机832带动侧面平台提升齿轮833沿着平台提升齿轮轨道811滚动，实现倾斜立柱自升降装置83在倾斜轨道81上的升降；底面径向网筋722的一端通过径向网筋收放导向装置和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839连接，从动齿轮838和从动齿轮轨道812相互咬合，侧面提升平台831在升降过程中带动从动齿轮838转动，进而带动底面径向网筋收放卷轴839转动，从而可以收放底面径向网筋722。在设计时，侧面平台提升齿轮833和底面周边网筋收放卷轴834按一定要求设计，从动齿轮838和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839按一定要求设计，以保证底面周边网筋721和底面径向网筋722在倾斜立柱自升降装置83的升降过程中始终保持张紧；在底面网衣72提升过程中，保持底面周边网筋721的张紧是为了保证提升过程中，底面网衣72和侧面网衣71的缝隙足够小，防止鱼类逃出网箱，保持底面径向网筋722的张紧是为了捕捞时更好的将鱼类聚集在一起。
在一些实施例中，底面周边网筋收放导向装置包括外伸平板835、导管836和U形吊耳837，外伸平板835固定连接(如焊接)在侧面提升平台831上(如图6和8所示)；导管836和U形吊耳837固定连接(如焊接)在外伸平板835上，导管836的内径比底面周边网筋721的直径大，底面周边网筋721可以穿过导管836及U形吊 耳837和底面周边网筋收放卷轴834连接，底面径向网筋722的一端和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839连接。
在一些实施例中，侧面提升平台831上开有(如圆形的)孔洞8310，孔洞8310作为径向网筋收放导向装置，其内径大于底面径向网筋722的直径，底面径向网筋722可以穿过孔洞8310与底面径向网筋收放卷轴839连接。
在一些实施例中，中央立柱自升降装置84包括中央提升平台841、中央提升电机843和中央平台提升齿轮844；中央提升电机843固定在中央提升平台841上，中央提升平台841为空心圆柱体，中央提升平台841的内径略比中央立柱43的外径大，中央提升平台841套在中央立柱43外周，底面径向网筋722一端和底面径向网筋收放卷轴839连接，另一端和底面中心环向网筋723连接，底面中心环向网筋723固定在中央提升平台841外侧，实现底面网衣72和中央立柱自升降装置841的连接，中央平台提升齿轮844和竖直齿轮轨道82相互咬合，中央提升电机843的转轴经减速器和中央平台提升齿轮844连接，中央提升电机843带动中央平台提升齿轮844沿着竖直齿轮轨道82滚动，实现中央立柱自升降装置84在竖直齿轮轨道82上的升降。
进一步优选地，可以在中央立柱43周围焊接四组竖直齿轮轨道82，每组包括两条竖直齿轮轨道，相应地，在中央提升平台841上可以安装四组中央提升电机843，每组包括两台提升电机，每个侧面提升平台831上安装两台侧面提升电机。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，在中央提升平台841上设置死鱼和沉淀饵料的收集洞口842，死鱼和沉淀饵料洞口842位于底面中心环向网筋723和中央提升平台841连接的上方，并在中央提升平台841上还安装有死鱼和沉淀饵料收集装置，用于收集死鱼和沉淀饵料。
在一些实施例中，在顶部环向支撑42上均设置捕捞操作平台6，在顶部环向支撑42的外侧设置橡胶护舷，可供饵料运输船和风电维护船停靠，方便补给物品、设备及人员的转移，例如饵料运输船可以定期提供饵料补充及养殖人员的生活补给，风电维护船可以定期对风电机组进行维护等。在至少一个顶部径向支撑41上(例如，可以在正东、正南、正西、正北的四个顶部径向支撑41上)设钢制护栏通道5，钢制护栏通道5连通中心生活平台3和捕捞操作平台6。
在一些实施例中，还可以在浮式风机基础4内布置若干传感器，监测网箱内部水质情况和鱼群状况，并将监测信息实时传送到生活平台3的办公区。
在一些实施例中，每个系泊装置9可以包括锚机和与锚机相连的锚链，锚机设置在浮式风机基础4内，锚链连接在浮筒外伸段上，通过锚链将综合装置系泊于海床上。
该综合装置投入生产前，可以在船坞内先完成海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖综合装置的建造。浮式风机基础为大型钢结构且具有对称性，为加快施工进度并减少高空作业，可以在工厂预先完成侧面每榀平面结构的焊接组装工作，然后运到现场进行整体的焊接拼装。浮式风机基础主体结构完成后，安装倾斜立柱自升降装置和中央立柱自升降装置。侧面网衣和底面网衣均可以采用寿命超过20年的网衣，根据网箱尺寸，可以向生产厂家定制。生活平台模块也可以预先在工厂建造好。风电机组和风机塔筒可以在船坞外组装就绪，待浮式风机基础制作完成后，将风电机组和风机塔筒整体吊装到中央立柱上方，完成风机塔筒与中央立柱的连接，而后吊装生活平台，最后安装侧面网衣和底面网衣，安装侧面网衣时保证侧面网衣处于张紧状态。整个装置建造完成后，打开船坞闸门放入海水，浮式风机基础在自身浮力作用下浮起，用拖船将整个装置拖出船坞，拖到预定海域。抵达预定海域后，底部浮筒的压载舱工作，海水进入底部浮筒，风机基础下沉到设计吃水，而后用系泊装置中的锚链将整个装置系泊于海床上。本发明由于在船厂已经完成了顶部风电机组的安装，因此避开了海上安装这个难题，省却了大量的安装费用和海上施工时间。
生产过程中，顶部风电机组产生的电能一部分供生活平台及网箱内部传感器等使用，余下的电能可以通过海底电缆和升压站等输送到沿海城市。养殖人员在生活平台上生活并实时控制网箱养殖过程，包括投饵、网箱清洗、死鱼收集等。在顶部径向支撑的护栏通道上可以安放多台投饵机，投饵机通过软管将饵料投送到鱼群密集的水层中。对网箱网衣进行清洗时，可采用水下高压清洗设备，目前已经有比较成熟的该类产品，直接购买使用即可。当养殖人员监控到网箱底部出现死鱼或较多沉淀饵料时，启动倾斜立柱自升降装置，倾斜立柱自升降装置带动底面网衣上升到一定高度，此时，整个底面网衣成漏斗形(即底面网衣的周边高于其中心)，死鱼和沉淀饵料在重力作用下滑落到中央提升平台的死鱼和沉淀饵料的收集洞口处，之后将死鱼和沉淀饵料收集处理。饵料运输船定期提供饵料补充及养殖人员的生活补给，海上风电维护船定期对风电机组进行维护。饵料运输船和海上风电维护船停靠在顶部环向支撑旁，饵料通过管道直接输送汇集到生活平台上的饵料仓，生活物质等可吊运到捕捞平台上，风机维护工作人员可从海上风电维护船上登到捕捞平台上，从而对风机进行维护。
鱼类养殖成熟后，可以同时启动倾斜立柱自升降装置和中央立柱自升降装置，使其提升底面网衣这一整体，提升到一定高度后(为方便捕捞，应提升到捕捞操作平台6的位置处为宜)，鱼类被聚集到一个较小的范围内，采用吸鱼泵将鱼吸到船只上。捕捞完成后，恢复底面网衣到网箱底部，开始下一轮养殖工作。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种海上浮式风电机组及渔业网箱养殖的综合装置，其特征在于：从上往下包括风电机组(1)、风机塔筒(2)、生活平台(3)、浮式风机基础(4)和系泊装置(9)；
    所述浮式风机基础(4)为上部小、底部大的锥台形钢结构；
    所述风机塔筒(2)上端安装所述风电机组(1)，下端固定在所述浮式风机基础(4)上，所述生活平台(3)围绕在所述风机塔筒(2)的底部；所述系泊装置(9)连接在所述浮式风机基础(4)上，能将所述综合装置系泊于海床上；
    所述综合装置还包括侧面网衣(71)、底面网衣(72)和升降装置，所述侧面网衣(71)为张紧式网衣，包围固定在所述浮式风机基础(4)的侧面，所述升降装置设置在所述浮式风机基础(4)内，并与所述底面网衣(72)相连，使所述底面网衣(72)能在所述浮式风机基础(4)内进行升降。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的综合装置，其特征是：所述浮式风机基础(4)由上部棱锥形结构和下部棱台形结构组成，包括中央立柱(43)、若干顶部径向支撑(41)、若干顶部环向支撑(42)、若干侧面倾斜立柱(44)、若干侧面支撑(45)、若干底部浮筒(46)和若干底部径向支撑(47)；
    所述中央立柱(43)的顶部与所述风机塔筒(2)的下端刚性连接，位于所述浮式风机基础(4)的中心轴向上，所述生活平台(3)位于所述中央立柱(43)的顶部；
    每个顶部环向支撑(42)的两端分别连接相邻两个侧面倾斜立柱(44)的上端；所有顶部环向支撑(42)都位于同一水平面内构成所述浮式风机基础(4)的下部棱台形结构的顶面，该顶面垂直于所述中央立柱(43)；
    每两个相邻的侧面倾斜立柱(44)之间连接若干个侧面支撑(45)；
    每个底部浮筒(46)的两端分别连接相邻两个侧面倾斜立柱(44)的下端，每个底部径向支撑(47)的两端分别连接所述中央立柱(43)的下端和相邻的两个底部浮筒(46)的交汇处；所有底部径向支撑(47)和底部浮筒(46)都位于同一水平面内构成所述浮式风机基础(4)的下部棱台形结构的底面，该底面垂直于所述中央立柱(43)；
    每个顶部径向支撑(41)均与水平面成相同的夹角，较高一端与所述中央立柱(43)的上端连接，较低一端与所述侧面倾斜立柱(44)的上端连接，构成所述浮式风机基础(4)的上部棱锥形结构。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：
    若干顶部径向支撑(41)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布；
    若干顶部环向支撑(42)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布；
    若干侧面倾斜立柱(44)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布；
    若干底部浮筒(46)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布；
    若干所述侧面支撑(45)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布；
    和若干底部径向支撑(47)的几何尺寸和材料均相同，在空间上关于所述中央立柱(43)对称分布。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：
    所述侧面支撑(45)为横撑或斜撑或两者的组合。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：在每相邻的两个所述底部浮筒(46)的交汇处，还设有朝所述下部棱台形结构的底面外延径向延伸的浮筒外伸段(461)，所述系泊装置(9)连接在所述浮筒外伸段上；所述底部浮筒(46)内部以及所述浮筒外伸段(461)内部均设置有分段压载舱。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：所述上部棱锥形结构中，所述顶部径向支撑(41)与水平面成的夹角在10-45°之间；所述下部棱台形结构的锥度在60-80°之间；所述下部棱台形结构的顶面和底面均为正八边形或正十二边形。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：所述升降装置包括位于所述侧面倾斜立柱(44)内侧的倾斜立柱自升降装置(83)和套在所述中央立柱(43)外周上的中央立柱自升降装置(84)；所述倾斜立柱自升降装置(83)通过第一轨道与所述侧面倾斜立柱(44)连接，并可沿着所述第一轨道升降，所述中央立柱自升降装置(84)通过第二轨道与所述中央立柱(43)连接，并可沿着所述第二轨道升降。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的综合装置，其特征是：所述底面网衣(72)包括底面周边网筋(721)、若干底面径向网筋(722)、底面中心环向网筋(723)和网片，所述底面周边网筋(721)围设形成所述底面网衣(72)的外周，所述底面中心环向网筋(723)位于所述底面网衣(72)的中部，每一个底面径向网筋(722)在所述底面网衣(72)的径向上，均与所述底面中心环向网筋(723)、网片和底面周边网筋(721)连接，所述网片通过不锈钢环和所述底面周边网筋(721)及所述底面径向网筋(722)连接，所述不锈钢环可在所述底面周边网筋(721)和所述底面径向网筋(722)上滑动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的综合装置，其特征是：所述底面网衣(72)通过所述底面周边网筋(721)以及底面径向网筋(722)连接在倾斜立柱自升降装置(83)上；所述底面网衣(72)通过所述底面中心环向网筋(723)连接在所述中央立柱自升降装置(841)上。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的综合装置，其特征是：
    所述顶部环向支撑(42)上均设置捕捞操作平台(6)，在所述顶部环向支撑(42)的外侧设置橡胶护舷；
    在至少一个所述顶部径向支撑(41)上还设有钢制护栏通道(5)，所述钢制护栏通道(5)连通中心所述生活平台(3)和所述捕捞操作平台(6)。
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