WO2019095146A1 - 智能化燃料电池储氢系统 - Google Patents

智能化燃料电池储氢系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019095146A1
WO2019095146A1 PCT/CN2017/111121 CN2017111121W WO2019095146A1 WO 2019095146 A1 WO2019095146 A1 WO 2019095146A1 CN 2017111121 W CN2017111121 W CN 2017111121W WO 2019095146 A1 WO2019095146 A1 WO 2019095146A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
hydrogen storage
data
storage tank
fuel cell
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PCT/CN2017/111121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡金丰
张华农
Original Assignee
深圳市雄韬电源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/111121 priority Critical patent/WO2019095146A1/zh
Publication of WO2019095146A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095146A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell safety control, and in particular, to an intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system.
  • a hydrogen storage tank is a container for hydrogen storage.
  • Existing hydrogen storage and transportation container technologies include high pressure hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage, low temperature adsorption hydrogen storage, carbon nanotube high pressure adsorption hydrogen storage, and liquid organic hydride hydrogen storage.
  • the hydrogen storage tanks of various hydrogen storage technologies are also different.
  • a safety valve device, a valve device, a high pressure gas canister, and a vehicle are disclosed in the patent application No. 200880122937.9.
  • the safety valve body for pressure relief mentioned in this patent only takes into account the action of opening and closing the valve according to the set parameters.
  • the hydrogen discharge angle and the deflation position are also set. Its main purpose is to release hydrogen gas for faster diffusion, so as not to accumulate a large amount of hydrogen.
  • Most of the patented schemes consider how to give priority to the safety of the tank, and release the gas with abnormal pressure in the tank as soon as possible.
  • the current problem of the fuel cell hydrogen storage tank is that it is impossible to control the hydrogen in the tank in a sudden situation, and it is impossible to monitor the environment around the tank, and the uncontrollable large amount of discharge causes hydrogen gas. When the concentration reaches the explosion limit, it may cause an explosion.
  • the present invention provides an intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system in view of the current situation in which a fuel cell hydrogen storage tank is in an unexpected situation and cannot control the discharge of hydrogen in the tank.
  • An intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system including a hydrogen storage tank, further comprising a data acquisition unit, a data comparison unit, a control unit, and an execution unit;
  • the data collection unit is configured to collect temperature data of the surface of the hydrogen storage tank, internal hydrogen pressure data, and external hydrogen concentration data, and collect the collected temperature data, hydrogen pressure data, and hydrogen concentration data. Transmitting to the data comparison unit;
  • the data comparison unit is configured to receive temperature data, hydrogen pressure data, and hydrogen concentration data transmitted by the data acquisition unit, and compare and analyze the temperature data, the hydrogen pressure data, and the hydrogen concentration data, respectively. Transmitting the comparison analysis result to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to receive data of the data comparison unit for comparative analysis, and transmit the feedback result to the execution unit, and the execution unit controls the discharge of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank.
  • the intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system has the characteristics of adjustable frequency intermittent discharge and controllable hydrogen emission, ensuring that even if the hydrogen emission reaches the explosion limit or has the ability to When a gas mixture that reaches the explosion limit occurs, there is no catastrophic large-scale explosion accident due to limited hydrogen emissions. ⁇ 0 2019/095146 ⁇ (:17 says 17/111121
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition unit of an intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system according to the present invention
  • 1 - hydrogen storage tank 1 - hydrogen storage tank; 2 - data acquisition unit, 21 - temperature sensor, 22 - pressure sensor, 23 - gas concentration sensor; 3 - data comparison unit; 4 - control unit; 5 - execution unit, arrow Indicates the direction of data transfer.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system.
  • the intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system includes a hydrogen storage tank 1, and further includes a data acquisition unit 2, a data comparison unit 3, a control unit 4, and an execution unit 5.
  • the hydrogen storage tank 1 serves as a key component of the hydrogen fuel cell and supplies hydrogen fuel to the stack.
  • a temperature sensor 21, a pressure sensor 22 and a gas concentration sensor 23 are additionally mounted on or near the surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1, which together constitute a data input source of the data acquisition unit 2, and the data acquisition unit 2 further includes a temperature sensor 21, pressure
  • the sensor 22 and the gas concentration sensor 23 are electrically converted into a digital signal module (not shown).
  • a data comparison unit 3 and a control unit 4 are also installed around the hydrogen storage tank 1.
  • the data acquisition unit 2 transmits the digital signal to the data comparison unit 3 through the signal line, and the data comparison unit 3 is a calculation unit, and compares the actually collected data with the preset comparison strategy according to a preset comparison strategy, and obtains A temperature, pressure, and concentration each deviate from the set safety value.
  • the comparison value is transmitted to the control unit, and the control unit is pre-configured with various control strategies, and a specific control strategy scheme is selected according to the compliance between the comparison value and the control strategy.
  • the control strategy scheme is then transmitted to the execution unit.
  • the execution unit is actually an electronic control unit including a safety valve and a safety valve body.
  • the electronic control unit receives the control strategy signal of the control unit and controls the safety valve to open and close.
  • the data acquisition unit 2 is used for temperature data of the surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1 and internal hydrogen pressure data. ⁇ 0 2019/095146 ⁇ (:1' 2017/111121
  • the data comparison unit 3 is configured to receive temperature data, hydrogen pressure data, and hydrogen concentration data transmitted by the data collection unit 2, and compare and analyze the temperature data, the hydrogen pressure data, and the hydrogen concentration data, respectively. While transmitting the comparison analysis result to the control unit 4;
  • the control unit 4 is configured to receive the data of the comparative analysis by the data comparison unit 3, and transmit the feedback result to the execution unit 5, and the execution unit 5 controls the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 emission.
  • the data acquisition unit 2 includes a temperature sensor 21, a pressure sensor 22, and a gas concentration sensor 2 3 .
  • the specific position of the mounting is not particularly limited as long as the temperature sensor 21 can detect and collect the temperature of the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1.
  • the pressure sensor 22 can accurately detect and collect the hydrogen pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 1; as long as the gas concentration sensor 23 can accurately detect and collect the hydrogen concentration near the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1, especially the hydrogen discharge portion. .
  • the data detected and collected by the temperature sensor 21, the pressure sensor 22, and the gas concentration sensor 23 are collected by the data collection unit 2, and then transmitted to the data analysis unit 3, and the data analysis unit 3 pairs the temperature data and the pressure data.
  • the gas concentration data is analyzed and compared, that is, before the analysis and comparison, the reference value is set in the comparison analysis unit, and the comparison result signal is generated by comparing the deviation degree of the temperature, the pressure and the concentration with the set reference value, and then The result of the comparative analysis is fed back to the control unit 4, and the feedback data is transmitted by the control unit 4 to the execution unit 5.
  • the temperature, pressure and concentration reference values set by the present invention are respectively: the temperature is not higher than 40° (:, the pressure is not higher than The volume concentration of hydrogen is not higher than 3.5%.
  • different temperature and pressure reference values can be set according to the high and low pressure of the tank.
  • the volumetric concentration of hydrogen can be reduced to 3.0% to avoid 4.1% due to rapid emission control. The limit of the explosion.
  • the execution unit 5 is a safety valve, and the safety valve is mounted on the hydrogen storage tank 1, specifically, a hydrogen outlet installed in the hydrogen storage tank 1, through the safety valve, The communication (exhaust) of the hydrogen storage tank 1 with the outside is realized.
  • the safety valve has a high frequency switching component through the high frequency switching component ⁇ 0 2019/095146 ⁇ (:1' 2017/111121
  • the high frequency switching component can realize the opening and closing frequency of the safety valve reaches 10 times / 111111 ⁇ 3600 times / 111111.
  • the high frequency switching component is a solenoid valve.
  • an anti-tempering device (not shown) is installed, and the anti-tempering device is a conventional anti-tempering device.
  • the anti-tempering device On the one hand, the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank 1 is safely discharged through the anti-tempering device and via the safety valve, on the other hand, effectively preventing the external flame from spreading into the hydrogen storage tank 1 combustion.
  • One of the necessary conditions for burning is to reach a certain temperature, that is, the point of ignition. Below the ignition point, the combustion will stop.
  • the fire blocking member is formed by a folded sheet of metal sheets having corrugations.
  • the anti-tempering device is a porous columnar body
  • the tempering prevention device has a porosity of 10% to 90%, a pore diameter of 0.1111111 0.86111111, and the length of the columnar body It is 1 ⁇ 11 ⁇ 100 ⁇ 11.
  • the hydrogen storage tank 1 can be smoothly discharged through the anti-tempering device, and since the pore size of the anti-tempering device is small and the columnar body is long enough, the flame does not spread to the hydrogen storage tank. 1 has been extinguished.
  • the execution unit 5 that is, the opening and closing frequency of the safety valve is 10 times / 111111 to 3600 times / 11 ⁇ 11 .
  • the preferred opening and closing frequency is: when the hydrogen concentration of the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank is £.0%, the opening and closing frequency of the safety valve is controlled to be More specifically, the volume concentration of hydrogen on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank is £.0%, and when the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is lower than the external temperature, and the tank pressure reaches 80% of the safe pressure value, 50 to 100 times /! ⁇ ! 1 frequency to open and close; the hydrogen concentration on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank is £2.0%, and when the temperature inside the tank is greater than or equal to the external temperature, and the tank pressure reaches 80% of the safe pressure value, 10 ⁇ 50 times/111111 frequency is opened and closed. When the tank pressure is less than or equal to 80% of the safe pressure value, the valve body does not open.
  • the opening and closing frequency of the safety valve is controlled to be 100 times/111111 to 600 times/111111. More specifically, the volume concentration of hydrogen on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank is 2.0% to 3.0%, and when the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is lower than the external temperature, and the tank pressure reaches 80% of the safe pressure value, 300 ⁇ 600 times / 1 ⁇ 11 frequency to open and close; the hydrogen concentration on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage tank is 2.0% ⁇ 3.0%, and when the temperature inside the tank is greater than or equal to the external temperature, and the tank pressure reaches the safe pressure value At 80%, it is opened and closed at a frequency of 100 to 300 times/1 ⁇ 11. When the tank pressure is less than or equal to 80% of the safe pressure value, the valve body does not open.
  • the frequency is opened and closed at 60 0 ⁇ 2000 times/! ⁇ !1 frequency.
  • the valve body does not open.
  • the intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system has the characteristics of adjustable frequency intermittent discharge and controllable hydrogen emission, ensuring that even if the hydrogen discharge reaches the explosion limit or has a gas mixture capable of reaching the explosion limit. When it occurs, due to the limited amount of hydrogen emissions, there is no devastating large-scale explosion. ⁇ 0 2019/095146 ⁇ (:1' 2017/111121
  • the system Since the above-described intelligent fuel cell hydrogen storage system has the problem of being able to avoid an excessively high hydrogen content and possibly causing an explosion, the system is suitable for use in an on-board hydrogen storage system. Of course, the invention is not limited to use in an on-board hydrogen storage system.
  • This embodiment relates to a bus that is placed with a hydrogen storage tank.
  • the bus has a hydrogen storage tank 1, and further includes a data collection unit 2, a data comparison unit 3, a control unit 4, and an execution unit 5; and the data collection unit 2 includes A pressure test sensor 21 in the hydrogen storage tank 1, a temperature test sensor 22 mounted on the surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1, and a hydrogen concentration detecting sensor 23 installed in the vicinity of the hydrogen storage tank 1 execution unit 5.
  • the execution unit 5 is a safety valve (: a pressure relief safety valve), specifically a solenoid valve, and the discharge of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is controlled by a solenoid valve.
  • an anti-tempering device is installed, the anti-tempering device is a columnar structure, and the average porosity of the columnar structure is 80%, and the average pore diameter is 0.65. And the length of the column is 100 ⁇ 11 °
  • the temperature sensor 22 collects the temperature and transmits, and the data comparison unit 3 determines that there is an open flame around the hydrogen storage tank 1, which is unsuitable for discharge. A large amount of hydrogen gas is generated, but at this time, the hydrogen storage tank 1 is continuously heated by the heat radiation, and the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 continues to rise. The consequences of continuous discharge of large amounts of hydrogen cannot be judged by external sources of ignition.
  • the pressure test sensor 21 detects that the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 rises to a certain stage, for example, the test value is 20 to 25 MPa (greater than the tank safety pressure of 80%), and the hydrogen concentration around the tank reaches 2%, and the control unit 4 is based on Preset safety valve opening control strategy, data comparison unit 3 after 300 times / 1 ⁇ 11 ⁇ 600 times / 1 ⁇ 11 frequency acquisition and data analysis and comparison, designated 300 times / 1 ⁇ 11 ⁇ 600 times / 1 ⁇ The valve opening frequency of 11 is operated.
  • the relief valve is decompressed at a frequency of 300 times/1 ⁇ 11 to 600 times/1 ⁇ 11.
  • This embodiment relates to a bus with an overhead hydrogen storage tank. ⁇ 0 2019/095146 ⁇ (:1' 2017/111121
  • the bus has a hydrogen storage tank 1, and further includes a data collection unit 2, a data comparison unit 3, a control unit 4, and an execution unit 5; and the data collection unit 2 includes A pressure test sensor 21 in the hydrogen storage tank 1, a temperature test sensor 22 mounted on the surface of the hydrogen storage tank 1, and a hydrogen concentration detecting sensor 23 installed in the vicinity of the hydrogen storage tank 1 execution unit 5.
  • the execution unit 5 is a safety valve (: a pressure relief safety valve), specifically a solenoid valve, and the discharge of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is controlled by a solenoid valve.
  • an anti-tempering device is installed, and the anti-tempering device is a columnar structure, and the columnar structure has an average porosity of 60% and an average pore diameter of 0.80. And the length of the column is 80 «11.
  • the pressure is released by the valve opening frequency of 600 times/1 ⁇ 11 ⁇ 3600 times/1 ⁇ 11 to ensure that the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 1 is less than 30 MPa, and the pressure relief is safe.
  • the hydrogen concentration near the valve is less than 3% by volume.

Abstract

一种智能化的燃料电池储氢系统,包括储氢罐(1)、还包括数据采集单元(2)、数据对比单元(3)、控制单元(4)以及执行单元(5);数据采集单元(2)用于对储氢罐(1)表面的温度数据、内部的氢气压力数据以及外部的氢气浓度数据进行采集,并将所采集的温度数据、氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度数据传输给数据对比单元(3);数据对比单元(3)用于接收数据采集单元(2)传输来的温度数据、氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度数据,并分别对温度数据、氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度数据进行对比分析,同时将对比分析结果传输给控制单元(4);控制单元(4)用于接收数据对比单元(3)对比分析的数据,并将反馈结果传输给执行单元(5),由执行单元(5)控制氢气的排放。该系统具有频率可调节间歇式排气、排气量可控的特点。

Description

\¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
1 智能化燃料电池储氢系统 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于燃料电池安全控制技术领域, 特别涉及一种智能化燃料电池储氢系 统。
背景技术
[0002] 储氢罐是一种氢气储存的容器。 现有氢气的储运容器技术包括高压储氢、 液氢 储存、 金属氢化物储氢、 低温吸附储氢、 纳米碳管高压吸附储氢以及液体有机 氢化物储氢。 各种储氢技术相应的储氢罐也有所区别。
[0003] 目前, 氢气已经开始应用到汽车燃料电池等领域。 加氢站、 移动式储氢罐等对 储存容器的储氢密度提出了很高的要求, 常规钢制压力容器已经不能满足技术 要求, 开始出现各类轻质高压储氢容器。 轻质高压储氢容器技术是伴随着复合 材料压力容器技术发展的新兴技术。 高性能的复合材料具有高比强度、 高比模 量的优点, 可以在保证容器承压能力的前提下, 大幅度降低容器的质量圈。 目 前高性能的复合材料主要有碳纤维复合材料、 轻质铝内胆纤维全缠绕等。
[0004] 但是, 当氢气储罐在遇到燃料、 高温或撞击时可能会遇到储存氢气压力迅速上 升, 达到储罐的安全压力值。 此时需要储罐上用于泄压的装置进行动作, 放出 一定量的氢气, 以达到氢气储罐不会爆炸的安全目的。 目前所见到的泄压安全 装置均是采用根据周边环境温度和罐内压力值, 采取一次性将罐体内部压力泄 压至安全值范围内。
[0005] 如申请号为 200880122937.9的专利公开了一种安全阀装置、 阀装置、 高压气体 罐以及车辆。 该专利提到的用于泄压的安全阀体, 只是考虑到了根据设定参数 进行开闭阀的动作。 为了规避一次性放出过多氢气导致燃烧爆炸的风险, 还设 定了氢气的放出角度和放气位置。 其主要目的是为了较快的扩散所放出氢气, 以免大量氢气累计。 该专利方案多是考虑如何优先保证罐体安全的前提下, 尽 快释放罐体内压力异常的气体。 未充分考虑罐体周边环境, 如存在火焰、 高温 , 甚至无法容忍大量氢气存在的场景(燃料电池车辆集中出现事故, 无法迅速疏 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
2 散时)。 如果在这种场景下, 出于保护氢气罐体安全目的, 持续大量的排出氢气 , 势必会出现更为严重的后果, 如氢气浓度达到爆炸极限, 从而引发爆炸的可 能。
技术问题
[0006] 因此, 目前的燃料电池储氢罐存在的问题是遇到突发情况无法对罐内氢气进行 可控排放, 也无法对罐体周边环境进行监控, 而不可控的大量排放会导致氢气 浓度达到爆炸极限, 会引发爆炸的可能。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 针对目前燃料电池储氢罐存在的遇到突发情况无法对罐内氢气进行可控排放等 问题, 本发明提供一种智能化燃料电池储氢系统。
[0008] 为了实现上述发明目的, 本发明的技术方案如下:
[0009] 一种智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 包括储氢罐, 还包括数据采集单元、 数据对 比单元、 控制单元以及执行单元;
[0010] 所述数据采集单元用于对所述储氢罐表面的温度数据、 内部的氢气压力数据以 及外部的氢气浓度数据进行采集, 并将所采集的温度数据、 氢气压力数据以及 氢气浓度数据传输给所述数据对比单元;
[0011] 所述数据对比单元用于接收所述数据采集单元传输来的温度数据、 氢气压力数 据以及氢气浓度数据, 并分别对所述温度数据、 氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度数 据进行对比分析, 同时将所述对比分析结果传输给所述控制单元;
[0012] 所述控制单元用于接收所述数据对比单元对比分析的数据, 并将反馈结果传输 给所述执行单元, 由所述执行单元控制所述储氢罐内氢气的排放。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0013] 相对于现有技术, 本发明上述提供的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 具有可调节 频率间歇式排放, 并且氢气排放量可控的特点, 确保即使氢气排放达到爆炸极 限或者具有能够达到爆炸极限的气体混合物出现时, 由于氢气的排放量有限, 因而不会出现破坏性的大规模爆炸事故。 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:17 謂17/111121
3 对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0014] 图 1为本发明智能化的燃料电池储氢系统示意图;
[0015] 图 2为本发明智能化的燃料电池储氢系统数据采集单元示意图;
[0016] 其中, 1 -储氢罐; 2 -数据采集单元, 21 -温度传感器, 22 -压力传感器, 23 -气体 浓度传感器; 3 -数据对比单元; 4 -控制单元; 5 -执行单元, 箭头表示数据传输方 向。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0017] 为了使本发明要解决的技术问题、 技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白, 以下结 合实施例, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施 例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
[0018] 请参考图 1, 本发明实施例提供一种智能化的燃料电池储氢系统。
[0019] 所述智能化的燃料电池储氢系统包括储氢罐 1, 还包括数据采集单元 2、 数据对 比单元 3、 控制单元 4以及执行单元 5。
[0020] 储氢罐 1作为氢燃料电池的关键零部件, 为电堆提供氢气燃料。 储氢罐 1表面或 者其附近附加安装了温度传感器 21、 压力传感器 22和气体浓度传感器 23 , 这些 共同组成数据采集单元 2的数据输入来源, 同时数据采集单元 2还包括一个将温 度传感器 21、 压力传感器 22和气体浓度传感器 23电信号转换成数字信号的模块( 图中未画出)。 在储氢罐 1周边还安装有数据对比单元 3和控制单元 4。 数据采集单 元 2通过信号线将数字信号传输到数据对比单元 3 , 数据对比单元 3是一个计算单 元, 根据预设的对比策略, 将实际采集到的数据和预设对比策略进行比对, 得 出一个温度、 压力和浓度各自偏离设定安全值的大小。 再将该比对值传输到控 制单元, 控制单元预设有各种控制策略, 根据比对值与控制策略的符合度, 选 择一个具体的控制策略方案。 再将控制策略方案传输给执行单元。 执行单元实 际就是包含安全阀和安全阀体上的电控单元, 电控单元接收控制单元的控制策 略信号, 控制安全阀进行开闭。
[0021] 所述数据采集单元 2用于对所述储氢罐 1表面的温度数据、 内部的氢气压力数据 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
4 以及外部的氢气浓度数据进行采集, 并将所采集的温度数据、 氢气压力数据以 及氢气浓度数据传输给所述数据对比单元 3 ;
[0022] 所述数据对比单元 3用于接收所述数据采集单元 2传输来的温度数据、 氢气压力 数据以及氢气浓度数据, 并分别对所述温度数据、 氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度 数据进行对比分析, 同时将所述对比分析结果传输给所述控制单元 4;
[0023] 所述控制单元 4用于接收所述数据对比单元 3对比分析的数据, 并将反馈结果传 输给所述执行单元 5 , 由所述执行单元 5控制所述储氢罐 1内氢气的排放。
[0024] 下面对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的解释说明。
[0025] 优选地, 数据采集单元 2包括温度传感器 21、 压力传感器 22、 气体浓度传感器 2 3 , 具体请参考图 2。 无论是温度传感器 21还是压力传感器 22还是气体浓度传感 器 23 , 安装的具体位置均没有特别的限定, 只要温度传感器 21能够检测并且采 集储氢罐 1外表面的温度即可。 同样地, 只要压力传感器 22能够精确检测并采集 储氢罐 1内部的氢气压力即可; 只要气体浓度传感器 23能够精确检测并采集储氢 罐 1外表面附近尤其是氢气排放部位的氢气浓度即可。
[0026] 所述温度传感器 21、 压力传感器 22、 气体浓度传感器 23检测并采集的数据由数 据采集单元 2收集后, 传输给所述数据分析单元 3 , 由数据分析单元 3对温度数据 、 压力数据以及气体浓度数据进行分析对比, 也就是在分析对比前, 在比对分 析单元设定基准值, 通过温度、 压力和浓度与设定的基准值进行比对的偏离程 度生成比对结果信号, 然后将对比分析的结果反馈给控制单元 4, 由控制单元 4 将反馈的数据传输给所述执行单元 5。
[0027] 一般地, 本发明设定的温度、 压力和浓度基准值分别为: 温度不高于 40°(:, 压 力不高于
Figure imgf000006_0001
氢气的体积浓度不高于 3.5%。 当然, 还可以根据罐体的高低压 的不同, 设定不同的温度、 压力基准值, 而出于安全考虑, 氢气的体积浓度可 以降低至 3.0%, 以避免由于迅速排放来不及调控而达到 4.1%的爆炸极限。
[0028] 优选地, 执行单元 5为安全阀, 所述安全阀安装于所述储氢罐 1上, 具体来说也 就是安装于所述储氢罐 1的氢气出口, 通过所述安全阀, 实现所述储氢罐 1与外 界的连通(排气)。
[0029] 进一步优选地, 所述安全阀具有高频开关元器件, 通过所述高频开关元器件的 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
5 开启和闭合, 控制所述储氢罐 1内的氢气的排放。 所述高频开关元器件可以实现 安全阀的开闭频率达到 10次/111111~3600次/111111。
[0030] 具体地, 所述具有高频开关元器件为电磁阀。
[0031] 为了避免储氢罐 1内的氢气在排出过程中发生回火而可能引发的爆炸问题, 在 所述执行单元 5和所述储氢罐 1之间, 也就是在所述安全阀和所述储氢罐 1之间, 安装有一防回火装置(图中未画出), 该防回火装置为常规的防回火装置。 通过所 述防回火装置, 一方面实现储氢罐 1内部的氢气通过所述防回火装置并经由所述 安全阀安全排出, 另一方面, 有效避免外部火焰向储氢罐 1内蔓延引起燃烧。 燃 烧所需要的必要条件之一就是要达到一定的温度, 即着火点。 低于着火点, 燃 烧就会停止。 依照这一原理, 只要将燃烧物质的温度降到其着火点以下, 就可 以阻止火焰的蔓延。 当火焰通过所述防回火装置的阻火元件的许多细小通道之 后将变成若干细小的火焰, 达到灭火的效果。 设计所述防回火装置内部的阻火 元件时, 则尽可能扩大细小火焰和通道壁的接触面积, 强化传热, 使火焰温度 降到着火点以下, 从而阻止火焰蔓延。 其中, 所述阻火元件由具有波纹的金属 薄片通过折叠排布形成。
[0032] 为了达到更好的回火效果, 所述防回火装置为多孔柱状体, 所述防回火装置的 孔率为 10%~90%, 孔径为 0.1111111 0.86111111, 且所述柱状体长度为 1〇11~100〇11。 在 该条件下, 由于氢气分子小, 可以顺利通过所述防回火装置而排出所述储氢罐 1 , 而由于防回火装置的孔径小且柱状体足够长, 火焰未蔓延至储氢罐 1内已经熄 灭。
[0033] 为了实现防回火装置具有更好的冷却效果, 采用铜或者铜合金作为所述防回火 装置的材料。
[0034] 在上述防回火装置材质和孔径的结合下, 能够迅速实现防回火装置内气体的冷 却, 并且由于缺少氧气, 使得火焰快速熄灭。
[0035] 上述智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 所述执行单元 5也就是所述安全阀的开闭频 率为 10次/111111~3600次/11^11。
[0036] 在具体的开闭过程中, 根据氢气浓度的不同而设定成不同的开闭频率, 这主要 是根据氢气浓度检测及反馈的结果触发事先设定好的开闭频率。 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
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[0037] 优选的开闭频率为: 当所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度£2.0%时, 控制所述 安全阀的开闭频率为
Figure imgf000008_0001
更具体的要求, 在所述储氢罐外表面 的氢气体积浓度£2.0%, 且当储氢罐内温度低于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全 压力值 80%时, 以 50~100次/!^!1频次进行开闭; 在所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积 浓度 £2.0%, 且当储罐内温度大于等于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全压力值 80 %时, 以 10~50次/111111频次进行开闭。 当罐体压力小于或等于 80%安全压力值时 , 阀体不进行打开动作。
[0038] 当所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度为 2.0%~3.0%时控制所述安全阀的开闭频 率为 100次/111111~600次/111111。 更具体的要求, 在所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓 度为 2.0%~3.0%, 且当储氢罐内温度低于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全压力值 80%时, 以 300~600次/1^11频次进行开闭; 在所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度 为 2.0%~3.0%, 且当储罐内温度大于等于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全压力值 80%时, 以 100~300次 /1^11频次进行开闭。 当罐体压力小于或等于 80%安全压力 值时, 阀体不进行打开动作。
[0039] 当所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度大于 3.0%时, 控制所述安全阀的开闭频率
Figure imgf000008_0002
更具体的要求, 在所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度 > 3.0% , 且当储氢罐内温度低于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全压力值 80%时, 以 2000~3600次/1^11频次进行开闭; 在所述储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度 > 3.0%
, 且当储罐内温度大于等于外部温度, 且罐体压力达到安全压力值 80%时, 以 60 0~2000次/!^!1频次进行开闭。 当罐体压力小于或等于 80%安全压力值时, 阀体不 进行打开动作。
[0040] 上述的开闭频率, 排出的氢气, 由于频率较大, 会对储氢罐 1的排气口附近的 空气产生比较大的扰动, 使得出于滞留状态的气体以更快的速度扩散, 避免氢 气浓度过大。
[0041] 本发明上述提供的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 具有可调节频率间歇式排放, 并且氢气排放量可控的特点, 确保即使氢气排放达到爆炸极限或者具有能够达 到爆炸极限的气体混合物出现时, 由于氢气的排放量有限, 因而不会出现破坏 性的大规模爆炸事故。 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
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[0042] 由于上述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统具有能够避免氢气含量过高而可能导致 爆炸的问题, 因此该系统适用于车载储氢系统中。 当然, 本发明并不限于用在 车载储氢系统中。
[0043] 为了更好的说明本发明实施例提供的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统及其工作过程 , 下面通过多个实施例进一步解释说明。
[0044] 实施例 1
[0045] 本实施例涉及的是顶置氢气储罐的巴士车。
[0046] 如图 1、 2所示, 所述巴士车具有储氢罐 1, 还包括数据采集单元 2、 数据对比单 元 3、 控制单元 4以及执行单元 5 ; 并且, 数据采集单元 2包括安装在储氢罐 1内的 压力测试传感器 21、 安装在储氢罐 1表面的温度测试传感器 22、 以及安装在储氢 罐 1执行单元 5附近的氢气浓度检测传感器 23。
[0047] 具体地, 所述执行单元 5为安全阀(:泄压安全阀), 具体是一电磁阀, 通过电磁阀 控制储氢罐 1内的氢气的排放。
[0048] 所述安全阀和所述储氢罐 1之间, 安装有一防回火装置, 所述防回火装置为柱 状结构, 该柱状结构的平均孔率为 80%, 平均孔径为 0.65_, 且所述柱状体长 度为 100〇11°
[0049] 当巴士车遇到火灾时, 因储氢罐 1内部的温度低于外部温度, 温度传感器 22采 集到温度并传输, 数据对比单元 3判断储氢罐 1的周边有明火, 不适宜排放出大 量氢气, 但是, 此时储氢罐 1受热辐射持续升温, 储氢罐 1内部压力持续上升。 因外部火源导致无法判断持续排放大量氢气带来的后果。 压力测试传感器 21检 测到储氢罐 1的压力上升到一定阶段, 如测试值为 20~25MPa(大于罐体安全压力 8 0%) , 且罐体周围氢气浓度达到 2%, 控制单元 4即根据预设的安全阀开阀控制 策略, 数据对比单元 3经过 300次/1^11~600次 /1^11频次的采集及数据分析对比, 指 定以 300次/1^11~600次 /1^11的开阀频次进行动作。
[0050] 此时, 安全阀执行结构接收指令后, 以 300次/1^11~600次 /1^11的开阀频次进行泄 压。
[0051] 实施例 2
[0052] 本实施例涉及的是顶置氢气储罐的巴士车。 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
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[0053] 如图 1、 2所示, 所述巴士车具有储氢罐 1, 还包括数据采集单元 2、 数据对比单 元 3、 控制单元 4以及执行单元 5 ; 并且, 数据采集单元 2包括安装在储氢罐 1内的 压力测试传感器 21、 安装在储氢罐 1表面的温度测试传感器 22、 以及安装在储氢 罐 1执行单元 5附近的氢气浓度检测传感器 23。
[0054] 具体地, 所述执行单元 5为安全阀(:泄压安全阀), 具体是一电磁阀, 通过电磁阀 控制储氢罐 1内的氢气的排放。
[0055] 所述安全阀和所述储氢罐 1之间, 安装有一防回火装置, 所述防回火装置为柱 状结构, 该柱状结构的平均孔率为 60%, 平均孔径为 0.80_, 且所述柱状体长 度为 80«11。
[0056] 当巴士车遭遇碰撞时, 储氢罐 1压力出现异常升高, 但未出现明显的火焰。 当 压力接近储罐的安全设计值 30MPa时, 如测试值为 25~29MPa, 系统经过 600次/〇1 ~3600次 /!^!1频次的采集及数据分析, 与预设的安全阀开阀控制策略进行比对 , 以 600次/1^11~3600次/1^11的开阀频次进行动作, 并将控制策略传递至安全阀的 执行机构;
[0057] 此时, 安全阀执行结构接收指令后, 以 600次/1^11~3600次/1^11的开阀频次进行 泄压, 确保储氢罐 1内部压力小于 30MPa, 并且泄压安全阀附近氢气浓度小于 3% 体积浓度。
[0058] 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。

Claims

\¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121 9 权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 包括储氢罐, 其特征在于: 还包括 数据采集单元、 数据对比单元、 控制单元以及执行单元;
所述数据采集单元用于对所述储氢罐表面的温度数据、 内部的氢气压 力数据以及外部的氢气浓度数据进行采集, 并将所采集的温度数据、 氢气压力数据以及氢气浓度数据传输给所述数据对比单元; 所述数据对比单元用于接收所述数据采集单元传输来的温度数据、 氢 气压力数据以及氢气浓度数据, 并分别对所述温度数据、 氢气压力数 据以及氢气浓度数据进行对比分析, 同时将所述对比分析结果传输给 所述控制单元;
所述控制单元用于接收所述数据对比单元对比分析的结果, 并将反馈 结果传输给所述执行单元, 由所述执行单元控制所述储氢罐内氢气的 排放。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 数据采集单元包括温度传感器、 压力传感器、 气体浓度传感器; 所述 温度传感器用于检测并采集所述储氢罐外表面的温度; 所述压力传感 器用于检测并采集所述储氢罐内部的氢气压力; 所述气体浓度传感器 用于检测并采集所述储氢罐外表面的氢气浓度。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1~2任一项所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在 于: 所述执行单元为安全阀, 所述安全阀安装于所述储氢罐上, 通过 所述安全阀实现所述储氢罐与外界的连通, 所述安全阀具有高频开关 元器件, 通过所述高频开关元器件的开启和闭合, 控制所述储氢罐内 氢气的排放。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1~2任一项所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在 于: 所述智能化的燃料电池储氢系统还包括防回火装置, 所述防回火 装置安装于所述储氢罐与所述安全阀之间, 用以防止外部的明火直接 进入氢气储罐中引起燃烧, 同时使得内部氢气可以通过所述防回火装 置再经由所述安全阀排出。 \¥0 2019/095146 卩(:1' 2017/111121
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[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 4所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 回火装置为多孔柱状体, 所述回火装置的孔率为 10%~90%, 孔径为 0. 1111111 0.86111111, 且所述柱状体长度为 1〇11~100〇11。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 3所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 安全阀为电磁阀。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 3所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 安全阀的开闭频率为 10次/111111~3600次/111111。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度£2.0%时, 控制所述安全阀的开闭频率 为 10次/111111~100次/111111。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 7所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度为 2.0%~3.0%时, 控制所述安全阀的开 闭频率为 100次/111111~600次/111111。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 7所述的智能化的燃料电池储氢系统, 其特征在于: 所述 储氢罐外表面的氢气体积浓度大于 3.0%时, 控制所述安全阀的开闭频 率为 600次/111111~3600次/11^11。
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CN102269674A (zh) * 2011-05-13 2011-12-07 南京工业大学 一种高压储氢气瓶试验用温控与防爆一体化装置
CN203839461U (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-09-17 同济大学 氢燃料电池发动机阳极压力控制装置
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