WO2019092053A1 - Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations - Google Patents

Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019092053A1
WO2019092053A1 PCT/EP2018/080522 EP2018080522W WO2019092053A1 WO 2019092053 A1 WO2019092053 A1 WO 2019092053A1 EP 2018080522 W EP2018080522 W EP 2018080522W WO 2019092053 A1 WO2019092053 A1 WO 2019092053A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
submarine cable
curvature
strain
fatigue
jointing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/080522
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Tyrberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NKT HV Cables AB
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NKT HV Cables AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NKT HV Cables AB filed Critical NKT HV Cables AB
Priority to JP2020523019A priority Critical patent/JP7254789B2/ja
Priority to CA3081783A priority patent/CA3081783A1/en
Priority to US16/758,574 priority patent/US11346744B2/en
Priority to KR1020207014423A priority patent/KR102686078B1/ko
Publication of WO2019092053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019092053A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0083—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/14—Submarine cables

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to off-shore jointing or reparation of submarine cables.
  • Off-shore jointing of submarine cables can be performed as a planned joint, to connect two sub-lengths or, in case of damage, to repair a cable.
  • the jointing operation involves several steps where the cable is suspended from the vessel chute in a catenary to the seabed. During this time the cable experiences loads due to wave induced vessel motions in combination with hydrodynamic loads due to wave action. The cable is exposed to repeated bending, and this variation in cable curvature results in cyclic strain variations in the cable components which can result in fatigue damage.
  • the most fatigue-critical component in a high voltage power cable is the lead sheath, while for medium voltage cables the most fatigue-critical component may be the conductor, the armour wires or screen, depending on the cable design. For high voltage cables, excessive fatigue loading of the lead sheath leads to cracks that allow water diffusion to the insulation which eventually can lead to an electrical failure. Corresponding considerations apply for medium voltage cables.
  • a general object of the present disclosure is to provide a method which solves or at least mitigates problems of the prior art.
  • a method for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable during off-shore jointing or reparation comprising: a) determining a plurality of curvature values concerning a curvature of the submarine cable at different points in time during the off-shore jointing or reparation, b) determining a plurality of strain ranges of the submarine cable based on the plurality of curvature values, and c) determining a fatigue damage of the submarine cable based on the plurality of strain ranges.
  • the method furthermore provides evidence that the jointing operation has been successful also with regards to fatigue and that there is no risk for future failures due to cracks in the lead sheath and resulting water ingress.
  • strain can also function as a tool to optimize the cable catenary and vessel heading during the jointing operation or reparation to reduce fatigue.
  • Stress An alternative term for "stress" as used throughout this text is “stress”. With “fatigue damage” is meant a mechanical weakening of the submarine cable, which, if sufficiently many strain cycles occur, leads to fatigue failure.
  • the submarine cable may be a submarine power cable, for example be a medium voltage or a high voltage cable.
  • the submarine cable may be an AC submarine cable or a DC submarine cable.
  • One embodiment comprises repeating steps a) to c) during the off-shore jointing or reparation, wherein in each iteration of step c) the fatigue damage is determined based on the plurality of strain ranges determined in step b) of the current iteration and on the fatigue damage determined in the previous iteration of step c), thereby obtaining an accumulated fatigue damage.
  • step b) comprises determining a number of occurrences of each strain range, wherein in step c) the fatigue damage is determined based on the number of occurrences of each strain range.
  • each occurrence of a strain range is a strain cycle.
  • the fatigue damage in step c) is determined based on the number of strain cycles for each strain range.
  • One embodiment further comprises determining a number of cycles to failure of a lead sheath or other metallic component of the submarine cable for each strain range, wherein in step c) the fatigue damage is determined further based on the number of cycles to failure for each strain range.
  • the number of cycles to failure for each strain range is determined using an S-N fatigue curve for a lead sheath or other metallic component of the submarine cable.
  • S- Fatigue curve may be for a metallic component such as the conductor, the armour wires or the screen.
  • the S-N fatigue curve is also known as the Wohler curve.
  • step c) involves using the number of occurrences of each strain range and the corresponding number of cycles to failure with the Palmgren-Miner linear damage hypothesis to determine the fatigue damage.
  • the number of occurrences of each strain range may be divided with the corresponding number of cycles to failure, and these ratios may be summed.
  • this sum at the end of the jointing operation or reparation is equal to or above a predetermined number, typically l, such stress/strain has been accumulated that the lead sheath, in the case of a high voltage cable, or other metallic component, in the case of a medium voltage cable, has failed.
  • a predetermined number typically l
  • an upper limit can be set well below the predetermined number, so that as long as the sum is below or equal to the upper limit, it can be concluded with a safety margin that the submarine cable has not been critically damaged.
  • This upper limit may for example be in the range 0.05-0.5, such as 0.1-0.5, for example 0.1-0.4 or 0.1-0.3 if the predetermined number is set to 1.
  • the system configured to perform the method may be configured to indicate in real-time or essentially in real-time during the jointing/reparation to vessel crew that the sum from the
  • Palmgren-Miner linear damage hypothesis approaches the upper limit. This allows for the operator to take appropriate action in case the sum approaches the upper limit.
  • step b) the determining of each strain range involves using a mathematical model of the submarine cable.
  • the determining involves obtaining measurements of a curvature of the submarine cable from a curvature monitoring device monitoring the submarine cable in a region where the submarine cable leaves the vessel chute.
  • a computer program comprising computer code which when executed by processing circuitry of a system causes the system to perform the method of the first aspect.
  • a system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable during off-shore jointing or reparation comprising: a curvature monitoring device configured to provide a measure of a curvature of the submarine cable during the off-shore jointing or reparation, a storage medium comprising computer code, and processing circuitry which when executing the computer code causes the system to perform the method of the first aspect.
  • the curvature monitoring device comprises a sleeve configured to be placed around the submarine cable, which sleeve includes a plurality of strain gauges positioned at regular intervals from each other in the axial direction of the sleeve, and which strain gauges are configured to provide a measure of a curvature of the submarine cable.
  • the curvature monitoring device comprises inclination sensors configured to be mounted on the submarine cable, which inclination sensors are configured to provide a measure of a curvature of the submarine cable.
  • the curvature monitoring device comprises a deflection measurement system configured to measure a deflection of the submarine cable to provide a measure of a curvature of the submarine cable.
  • the system is configured to repeat steps a) to c) while the submarine cable is being suspended from the vessel chute, wherein in each iteration of step c) the system is configured to determine the fatigue damage based on the plurality of strain ranges determined in step b) of the current iteration and on the fatigue damage determined in the previous iteration of step c), thereby obtaining an accumulated fatigue damage.
  • step b) the system is configured to determine a number of occurrences of each strain range, wherein the system is configured to, in step c), determine the fatigue damage based on the number of occurrences of each strain range.
  • the system is configured to determine a number of cycles to failure of a lead sheath or other metallic componentof the submarine cable for each strain range, wherein the system is configured to, in step c), determine the fatigue damage further based on the number of cycles to failure for each strain range.
  • the system is configured to determine the number of cycles to failure for each strain range using an S-N fatigue curve for a lead sheath or other metallic component of the submarine cable. According to one embodiment the system is configured to, in step c), using the number of occurrences of each strain range and the corresponding number of cycles to failure with the Palmgren-Miner linear damage hypothesis to determine the fatigue damage.
  • the system is configured to determine each strain range using a mathematical model of the submarine cable.
  • Fig. l shows an example of a system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable during off-shore jointing or reparation
  • Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a histogram containing the number of
  • Fig. 4 is an example of an S-N fatigue curve
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a vessel chute including a submarine cable leaving the vessel chute.
  • Fig. 1 depicts an example of a system 1 for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable during off-shore jointing or reparation.
  • the system 1 comprises processing circuitry 3, a storage medium 5, and a curvature monitoring device 7.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 is configured to provide a measure of a curvature of a submarine cable during the off-shore jointing or reparation to the processing circuitry 3.
  • the storage medium 5 comprises computer code which when executed by the processing circuitry 3 causes the system 1 to perform the method disclosed herein.
  • the processing circuitry 3 uses any combination of one or more of a suitable central processing unit (CPU), multiprocessor, microcontroller,
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • the storage medium 5 may for example be embodied as a memory, such as a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) and more particularly as a non-volatile storage medium of a device in an external memory such as a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory or a Flash memory, such as a compact Flash memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the submarine cable subjected to the off-shore jointing or repair operation comprises at least one core and a lead sheath surrounding the at least one core.
  • the lead sheath acts as a water barrier, preventing water from penetrating into the at least one core. It should be noted that this method could also be used for medium voltage cables without a lead sheath, in which case another metallic component, namely the conductor, the armour wire, or the screen is monitored for fatigue damage.
  • the vessel crew may arrange the curvature monitoring device 7 so that the curvature of the submarine cable may be measured. Examples of the curvature monitoring device 7 will be provided later.
  • the most fatigue-sensitive region is in the region where the submarine cable leaves the vessel chute. Heave motion of the vessel chute results in that the submarine cable is bent and straightened against the vessel chute.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 is preferably arranged so as to be able to monitor the curvature of the submarine cable in the region where it leaves the vessel chute.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 may obtain curvature measurements which provide a measure of the curvature of the submarine cable. For each iteration of the method a plurality of curvature measurements can for example be obtained over a number of minutes, such as at least 5 minutes, for example at least 10 minutes or at least 20 minutes. The measurements are hence obtained at different points in time, reflecting the dynamic movement of the submarine cable over the measurement period.
  • a plurality of curvature values concerning the curvature of the submarine cable is determined.
  • the curvature values reflect the curvature of the submarine cable at different points in time during offshore jointing or repair.
  • the curvature values may be seen as an irregular time-series of curvature values.
  • the processing circuitry 3 may be configured to determine the plurality of curvature values based on the curvature measurement made by the curvature monitoring device 7.
  • a plurality of curvature ranges may be determined in step a) from the plurality of curvature values.
  • the rain-flow counting method may for example be used on the curvature values.
  • a plurality of strain ranges of the submarine cable are determined based on the plurality of curvature values.
  • the plurality of strain ranges may relate to the strain in the lead sheath of the submarine cable for different strain cycles.
  • the strain ranges may relate to the strain in another metallic component of the type noted above, in case the submarine cable is a medium voltage submarine cable.
  • step a) involves determining a plurality of curvature ranges
  • the plurality of strain ranges are determined based on the curvature ranges.
  • Each strain range may be obtained using a mathematical model of the submarine cable.
  • the curvature ranges are thus input values into the mathematical model, resulting in corresponding strain ranges as output.
  • the curvature values may be used to determine the plurality of strain values.
  • Each strain value may be obtained using a mathematical model of the submarine cable.
  • the curvature values are thus input values into the mathematical model, resulting in corresponding strain values as output.
  • the strain ranges may in this case be determined based on the strain values, using for example the rain-flow counting method on the strain values.
  • the curvature values or curvature ranges are sufficient as input to the mathematical model to obtain the strain values or the strain ranges.
  • measurement instance may also be required as input together with the curvature values or curvature ranges to obtain the corresponding strain values or strain ranges.
  • step b) the number of occurrences of each strain range stemming from the curvature measurement may be determined. This can for example be obtained by using the rain flow counting method on the strain ranges. An example of a histogram showing the distribution of different strain ranges and their number of occurrence is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the number of cycles to failure of the lead sheath or other metallic component for each strain range is determined.
  • the number of cycles to failure for the strain ranges can for example be determined using an S-N fatigue curve for the lead sheath/submarine cable in the case of a high voltage cable or for the other metallic component/submarine cable in the case of a medium voltage cable.
  • An example of an S-N fatigue curve is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the strain ranges are on the y-axis, for example provided in percentage, and the number of cycles to failure is on the x-axis.
  • a fatigue damage of the submarine cable is determined based on the plurality of strain values.
  • the fatigue damage of the submarine cable may be obtained using the number of occurrences of each strain range and the number of cycles to failure for each of the strain ranges.
  • the Palmgren-Miner linear damage hypothesis can be used to determine the fatigue damage.
  • Palmgren-miner linear damage hypothesis also referred to as Miner's rule, states that failure occurs when where k is the number of different strain ranges, ni is the contribution of the ith strain range, i.e. the number of occurrences of a strain range of a particular magnitude, and Ni is the number of cycles to failure for the ith strain range as determined using the S-N fatigue curve.
  • C is a predetermined number, a constant, at which failure occurs. The constant C may for example be set to 1. For each iteration of steps a) to c) the fatigue damage of the current iteration is added to the fatigue damage of the previous iteration. The accumulated fatigue damage is thus obtained.
  • Steps a) to c) are repeated as long as the jointing or reparation operation is ongoing, or fatigue failure is being indicated.
  • the fatigue damage becomes an accumulated fatigue damage which is determined based on the plurality of strain ranges determined in the current iteration and based on the fatigue damage of the previous iteration.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 comprises a plurality of devices 7a configured to provide a measure of the curvature of the submarine cable 9.
  • the devices 7a may for example be strain gauges or inclination sensors.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 may comprise a deflection measurement system configured to measure a deflection of the submarine cable to thereby provide a measure of a curvature of the submarine cable 9.
  • the curvature monitoring device 7 may in this case comprise a sleeve configured to be arranged around the submarine cable 9.
  • the sleeve may for example be made of a plastic material such as polyethylene or polyurethane.
  • the sleeve is arranged around the submarine cable 9 in a region where it leaves the vessel chute 11.
  • the sleeve may extend for several metres and may contain the devices 7a.
  • the devices 7a may be provided at regular intervals from each other in the axial direction of the sleeve.
  • the cable curvature ⁇ at each location is given by where r is the radius of the outer sheath of the submarine cable 9. The radius r is hence the radial distance from the centre of the submarine cable 9 to the location of the strain gauge.
  • the devices 7a are inclination sensors, the inclination sensors are configured to be mounted on the submarine cable 9 at regular intervals. The average curvature between two inclination sensors is given by
  • ⁇ ' ⁇
  • ⁇ is the difference in angle between the ith and the ith+i inclination sensor, measured in radians
  • ALi the distance between the two inclination sensors.
  • the inclination sensors could for example be mounted on a flexible frame equally spaced apart, to allow quick mounting of several inclination sensors onto the submarine cable 9.
  • the deflection of the submarine cable 9 may be measured in relation to a fixed frame or reference of the vessel.
  • the deflection can continuously be measured along the section of the submarine cable 9 on the vessel chute 11.
  • the deflection can be determined optically or using distance sensors.
  • the deflection measurement system may comprise a video camera and there may be provided optical markers on the submarine cable 9.
  • the deflection measurement system may comprise distance sensors.
  • the curvature ⁇ is given by y"

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
PCT/EP2018/080522 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations Ceased WO2019092053A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020523019A JP7254789B2 (ja) 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 オフショア作業において海中ケーブルの疲労を監視するための方法およびシステム
CA3081783A CA3081783A1 (en) 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations
US16/758,574 US11346744B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations
KR1020207014423A KR102686078B1 (ko) 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 해상 동작에서 해저 케이블의 피로 모니터링을 위한 방법 및 시스템

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17200664.5 2017-11-08
EP17200664.5A EP3483579B1 (en) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 Method and system for fatigue-monitoring of a submarine cable in off-shore operations

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WO2019092053A1 true WO2019092053A1 (en) 2019-05-16

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US (1) US11346744B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP3483579B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP7254789B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR102686078B1 (https=)
CA (1) CA3081783A1 (https=)
DK (1) DK3483579T3 (https=)
ES (1) ES2929186T3 (https=)
PL (1) PL3483579T3 (https=)
PT (1) PT3483579T (https=)
WO (1) WO2019092053A1 (https=)

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CN114279676B (zh) * 2021-11-23 2024-06-07 国核电力规划设计研究院有限公司 海底悬空电缆应变损伤的海况阈值判断方法
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JP7254789B2 (ja) 2023-04-10
US20200348204A1 (en) 2020-11-05
PT3483579T (pt) 2022-10-07
KR102686078B1 (ko) 2024-07-17
PL3483579T3 (pl) 2022-12-19
US11346744B2 (en) 2022-05-31
JP2021502547A (ja) 2021-01-28
EP3483579B1 (en) 2022-07-27
CA3081783A1 (en) 2019-05-16
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KR20200081409A (ko) 2020-07-07
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