WO2019091021A1 - 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 - Google Patents

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019091021A1
WO2019091021A1 PCT/CN2018/077522 CN2018077522W WO2019091021A1 WO 2019091021 A1 WO2019091021 A1 WO 2019091021A1 CN 2018077522 W CN2018077522 W CN 2018077522W WO 2019091021 A1 WO2019091021 A1 WO 2019091021A1
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Prior art keywords
tower
damper
force
spring
pylon
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PCT/CN2018/077522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋致禹
任政儒
施伟
宁德志
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to US16/495,022 priority Critical patent/US11118646B2/en
Publication of WO2019091021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019091021A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/1005—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect characterised by active control of the mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/28—Counterweights, i.e. additional weights counterbalancing inertia forces induced by the reciprocating movement of masses in the system, e.g. of pistons attached to an engine crankshaft; Attaching or mounting same
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/005—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion using electro- or magnetostrictive actuation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
    • F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
    • F16F7/116—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on metal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05B2260/964—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by damping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/08—Inertia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering and relates to a mechanical device for improving the installation efficiency of a large single pile fan at sea.
  • the offshore wind turbines in the world can be divided into fixed and floating according to their support structure.
  • the offshore wind farms have been built with fixed single-pile support structures and concentrated in shallow seas with a water depth of less than 30 meters.
  • the single-pile fan is simple in type, easy to install, and has a large economic advantage. Due to the limitations of shallow sea area, in Europe, some countries have planned to establish single-pile wind farms in the waters above 40 meters.
  • the installation method of the single-pile fan includes partial lifting and lifting of the whole machine.
  • the mainstream installation mode is to use a self-lifting installation ship to transport multiple fans.
  • individual blades, towers, and nacelles are stored as separate units.
  • the self-elevating platform legs are inserted into the seabed, and the platform is raised above sea level, which largely avoids the influence of wave force and provides a stable platform for the operation of the crane.
  • the four parts of the foundation, the fan tower, the fan cabin and the blades are hoisted and closed in turn.
  • a crane is usually used to restrain the movement of the nacelle through the vertical and horizontal cables until the round hole at the bottom of the nacelle and the tower are completely aligned.
  • the wind load acting on the engine room is constantly changing, and water sloshing occurs in the engine room.
  • the single pile will also vibrate due to the influence of the wave force, which will further cause the shaking of the top of the tower.
  • the process of closing because the position is difficult to align, it often takes a lot of crew to manually assist the operation, which takes a long time. With the advent of ultra-large single-pile fans (up to 8 meters in diameter) and further increase in operating water depth (over 40 meters), the wave force of the single pile and the movement of the tower during the closing process will increase the sea. Wind power installation costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary device for the installation and closing of the nacelle, so that the closing and docking operation of the tower flange and the round hole at the bottom of the nacelle can be completed quickly.
  • An active damping device suitable for offshore single-pile fan installation comprising a mass 8 mounted on a tower 7, a spring 9, a damper 10, a force actor 11, a controller, an electric motor and a battery, and an installation Sensor on the nacelle 5 (Differential Global Positioning System DGPS);
  • the mass 8 is connected to the inner wall of the tower 7 through a spring 9, and the damper 10 and the forcer 11 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the mass 8 and the tower 7 respectively; the selection of the mass 8, the spring 9, and the damper 10 should be based on the vibration
  • the principle of learning is optimized for the first-order natural frequency of the tower 7 structure; when the installation of the tower 7 is completed, the spring 9 and the damper 10 start to work, partially canceling the tower caused by the wave force by the movement of the mass 8 The movement of the barrel 7; before the closing, the force action device 11 starts to work; according to the differential global positioning system DGPS, the precise position of the nacelle 5 is obtained, and the position of the tower 7 in the horizontal plane is adjusted by the force action device 11.
  • the mass 8 can be a solid or liquid unit.
  • the material of the damper 10 may be rubber.
  • the force actuator 11 is driven by a controller and a small electric motor located in the tower 7.
  • the tower 7 may be subjected to a large amount of planar motion due to the influence of the wave force.
  • the planar movement of the tower 7 is reduced by the mass 8-spring 9-damper 10.
  • the position of the tower 7 is adjusted according to the position of the nacelle 5 in the air to help close.
  • the nacelle 5 and the tower 7 are successfully docked, the nacelle 5 is fixed to the tower 7 by bolts, and the active force activator 11 is closed; and the damping system formed by the mass 8-spring 9-damper 10 is still in the operation of the fan. Play a key role in improving the fatigue life of single pile structures.
  • the type of fan to which the present invention is applied is a MW-class horizontal-axis wind turbine with a water depth of more than 30 meters.
  • the installation and commissioning of the active damper can be completed when the onshore cabin components are installed. Its components, force activators, masses, springs, damping, and controllers, electric motors, and batteries are all mature industrial products that are easy to implement.
  • Figure 1 is a side view (xz plane) of a marine single blade installation.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main elements of the active damping device.
  • Figure 3 is a force controller feedback schematic.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the docking scene of the cabin.
  • Figure 5 is a cross section of the nacelle after the completion of the closing.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the installed offshore single pile fan.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view (xz plane) of a single-blade installation at sea.
  • the wind speed direction is the x direction.
  • the installed offshore wind turbine is of the 6MW class, with a cabin length of 10 meters and a weight of 360 tons.
  • the cabin level is 100 meters above sea level.
  • the nacelle is connected to the vertical cable and the crane by two horizontal cables, and the horizontal cable is used to limit the movement of the blades in the xy plane. Lift the nacelle from the jack-up installation ship and gradually increase it to the upper part of the tower to be closed.
  • Figure 2 shows the main components of the active damping device.
  • the mass has a weight of 20 tons, a spring stiffness of 5000 N/m, a damping coefficient of 9000 Ns/m, and a corresponding natural frequency of 0.28 Hz.
  • the force action type can be a piston structure driven by a motor.
  • the parameters of the forcer can be optimized according to the structure of the fan.
  • Figure 3 is the feedback principle of the force controller. At each moment, based on the positional comparison of the tower and the nacelle, the controller calculates the required force at the next moment and adjusts the tower position by the force actuator.
  • Figure 4 shows the scene of the cabin installation. Before closing, the round hole at the bottom of the nacelle and the top of the tower are close, but it is difficult to align and close in a short time, usually by manpower to complete the closing process. When the active damper is used, the two can be fully aligned with the aid of the force detector.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the nacelle after the completion of the closing.
  • the bolt passes through the flange hole to fix the ceiling of the nacelle and the tower.
  • Figure 6 shows an offshore 6MW class wind turbine that has been installed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，其中，质量块(8)通过弹簧(9)与塔筒(7)内壁连接，阻尼器(10)和力作用器(11)两端均分别连接质量块(8)和塔筒(7)内壁；质量块(8)、弹簧(9)、阻尼器(10)的选择应根据振动学原理，针对塔筒(7)结构的一阶固有频率进行优化调整；当塔筒(7)的安装完成时，弹簧(9)和阻尼器(10)开始工作，通过质量块(8)的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒(7)的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器(11)开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱(5)的精确位置，通过力作用器(11)，调整塔筒(7)在水平面内的位置。该装置使塔筒法兰和机舱底部圆孔的合拢对接操作能够迅速完成。

Description

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 技术领域
本发明属于海洋工程技术领域，涉及一种提高海上大型单桩式风机安装效率的机械装置。
 背景技术
世界上的海上风机，根据其支撑结构型式，可分为固定式和漂浮式。目前已经建成的海上风电场，以固定单桩式支撑结构为主，集中在水深小于30米的浅海。单桩式风机型式简单，安装方便，经济性上有较大优势。由于浅海面积的局限，在欧洲，已有一些国家计划在水深40米以上的海域选址建立单桩式风电场。
单桩式风机的安装方式包括分部吊装和整机吊装，对于大型风机，主流的安装模式是采用自升式安装船运输多台风机。为了有效利用甲板面积，单个叶片，塔架，机舱分别作为独立单元存放。在安装过程中，自升式平台桩腿插入海底，平台提升高于海平面，很大程度上避免了波浪力的影响，给吊机运作提供一个稳固的平台。依次对基础，风机塔筒，风机机舱和叶片四部分进行吊装合拢。
在机舱的吊装过程中，通常采用吊机，通过垂直和水平方向的缆绳来约束机舱的运动，直至机舱底部的圆孔和塔筒完全对齐合拢。吊装过程中，由于湍流风的影响，作用在机舱上的风载荷不断变化，机舱会发生水晃动。同时，单桩因波浪力的影响也会发生振动，进一步引起塔筒顶部的摇动。在合拢过程中，由于位置难以对齐，常常需要多个机组人员手动协助操作，耗费时间较长。随着超大型单桩风机的问世（直径可达8米），作业水深的进一步增加（超过40米），合拢过程中单桩所受的波浪力及塔筒的运动增加，会进一步加剧会海上风电安装成本。
 技术问题
本发明目的在于提出一种供机舱安装合拢使用的辅助装置，使塔筒法兰和机舱底部圆孔的合拢对接操作能够迅速完成。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，包括安装在塔筒7上的质量块8、弹簧9、阻尼器10、力作用器11、控制器、电动马达和电池，以及安装在机舱5上的传感器（差分全球定位系统DGPS）；
质量块8通过弹簧9与塔筒7内壁连接，阻尼器10和力作用器11两端均分别连接质量块8和塔筒7内壁；质量块8、弹簧9、阻尼器10的选择应根据振动学原理，针对塔筒7结构的一阶固有频率进行优化调整；当塔筒7的安装完成时，弹簧9和阻尼器10开始工作，通过质量块8的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒7的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器11开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱5的精确位置，通过力作用器11，调整塔筒7在水平面内的位置。
所述的质量块8可为固体或液体单元。
所述的阻尼器10的材质可以为橡胶。
所述的力作用器11受到位于塔筒7内的控制器和小型电动马达驱动。
在机舱5合拢前的关键时刻，塔筒7受波浪力影响可能发生较大幅度的平面运动。通过质量块8-弹簧9-阻尼器10，减小塔筒7的平面运动。通过力作用器11的主动控制，根据空中的机舱5的位置来调整塔筒7的位置从而帮助合拢。
当机舱5和塔筒7成功对接，机舱5通过螺栓固定在塔筒7上，关闭主动式力作用器11；而通过质量块8-弹簧9-阻尼器10构成的阻尼系统依然在风机运行中起到关键作用，提高单桩结构的疲劳寿命。
本发明所适用的风机类型是MW级水平轴风力发电机，水深超过30米的场景。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
(1)该主动式阻尼装置的安装，调试均可在陆上机舱组件安装时完成。其组成部件，力作用器，质量块，弹簧，阻尼，及控制器，电动马达，电池，均为成熟的工业产品，容易实施。
(2)缩短机舱的海上安装时间，缩减安装时间和成本。
(3)在机舱对接时，提高了自动化程度，减少了人力成本，提高了操作安全性。
 附图说明
图1是海上单叶片安装的侧视图(xz平面)。
图2是主动式阻尼装置主要元素示意图。
图3是力控制器反馈原理图。
图4是机舱对接场景俯视图。
图5是合拢完成之后的机舱剖面。
图6是安装完成的海上单桩式风机正视图。
图中：1自升式安装船；2吊机；垂直缆绳；4水平缆绳；5机舱；6轮毂；7塔筒； 8质量块； 9弹簧； 10阻尼器；11力作用器；12塔筒顶板；13法兰孔；
14叶片；15单桩； 16海平面；17海床。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
所述的一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置的实施步骤如下：
图1所示是海上单叶片安装的侧视图(xz平面)。风速方向为x方向。所安装的海上风机属于6MW级别，机舱长度为10米,重量360吨，机舱水平高于海平面100米。机舱通过两根水平缆绳和一跟垂直缆绳和吊机相连，通过水平缆绳来限制叶片在xy平面内的运动。从自升式安装船上把机舱吊起，逐渐提高到塔筒上部准备合拢。
图2所示是主动式阻尼装置的主要组成。质量块重量20顿，弹簧刚度为5000N/m，阻尼系数为9000Ns/m，对应的固有频率为0.28 Hz。力作用器型式可为活塞结构，通过电机驱动。力作用器的参数可根据风机结构进行优化设计。
图3是力控制器的反馈原理。在每一时刻，根据塔筒和机舱的位置对比，控制器计算出下一时刻的需要的力，通过力作用器，来对塔筒位置进行调整。
图4所示是机舱安装的场景。在合拢前，机舱底部圆孔和塔筒顶部已经接近，但在短时间内对齐合拢有较大困难，通常需要借助人力来完成合拢过程。当采用主动阻尼器后，在力作用器的辅助下，可将两者完全对齐。
图5是合拢完成之后的机舱剖面剖面图。螺栓通过法兰孔，将机舱和塔筒顶部连接固定。
图6所示是一个已经完成安装的海上6MW级别风力发电机。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的主动式阻尼装置包括安装在塔筒(7)上的质量块(8)、弹簧(9)、阻尼器(10)、力作用器(11)、控制器、电动马达和电池，以及安装在机舱(5)上的传感器；所述的传感器即为差分全球定位系统DGPS；
    质量块(8)通过弹簧(9)与塔筒(7)内壁连接，阻尼器(10)和力作用器(11)两端均分别连接质量块(8)和塔筒(7)内壁；质量块(8)、弹簧(9)、阻尼器(10)的选择应根据振动学原理，针对塔筒(7)结构的一阶固有频率进行优化调整；当塔筒(7)的安装完成时，弹簧(9)和阻尼器(10)开始工作，通过质量块(8)的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒(7)的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器(11)开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱(5)的精确位置，通过力作用器(11)，调整塔筒(7)在水平面内的位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的质量块(8)为固体或液体单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的阻尼器(10)的材质为橡胶。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的力作用器(11)受到位于塔筒(7)内的控制器和电动马达驱动。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的力作用器(11)受到位于塔筒(7)内的控制器和电动马达驱动。
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