CN107906165B - 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 - Google Patents

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 Download PDF

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CN107906165B
CN107906165B CN201711099127.3A CN201711099127A CN107906165B CN 107906165 B CN107906165 B CN 107906165B CN 201711099127 A CN201711099127 A CN 201711099127A CN 107906165 B CN107906165 B CN 107906165B
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tower
mass block
installation
force actuator
damper
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蒋致禹
任政儒
施伟
宁德志
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/28—Counterweights, i.e. additional weights counterbalancing inertia forces induced by the reciprocating movement of masses in the system, e.g. of pistons attached to an engine crankshaft; Attaching or mounting same
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/1005—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect characterised by active control of the mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/005—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion using electro- or magnetostrictive actuation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
    • F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
    • F16F7/116—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on metal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05B2260/964—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by damping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/08—Inertia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Abstract

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，属于海洋工程技术领域。质量块通过弹簧与塔筒内壁连接，阻尼器和力作用器两端均分别连接质量块和塔筒内壁；当塔筒的安装完成时，弹簧和阻尼器开始工作，通过质量块的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱的精确位置，通过力作用器，调整塔筒在水平面内的位置。该主动式阻尼装置的安装，调试均可在陆上机舱组件安装时完成。其组成部件，力作用器，质量块，弹簧，阻尼，及控制器，电动马达，电池，均为成熟的工业产品，容易实施。缩短机舱的海上安装时间，缩减安装时间和成本。

Description

一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置
技术领域
本发明属于海洋工程技术领域，涉及一种提高海上大型单桩式风机安装效率的机械装置
背景技术
世界上的海上风机，根据其支撑结构型式，可分为固定式和漂浮式。目前已经建成的海上风电场，以固定单桩式支撑结构为主，集中在水深小于30米的浅海。单桩式风机型式简单，安装方便，经济性上有较大优势。由于浅海面积的局限，在欧洲，已有一些国家计划在水深40米以上的海域选址建立单桩式风电场。
单桩式风机的安装方式包括分部吊装和整机吊装，对于大型风机，主流的安装模式是采用自升式安装船运输多台风机。为了有效利用甲板面积，单个叶片，塔架，机舱分别作为独立单元存放。在安装过程中，自升式平台桩腿插入海底，平台提升高于海平面，很大程度上避免了波浪力的影响，给吊机运作提供一个稳固的平台。依次对基础，风机塔筒，风机机舱和叶片四部分进行吊装合拢。
在机舱的吊装过程中，通常采用吊机，通过垂直和水平方向的缆绳来约束机舱的运动，直至机舱底部的圆孔和塔筒完全对齐合拢。吊装过程中，由于湍流风的影响，作用在机舱上的风载荷不断变化，机舱会发生水晃动。同时，单桩因波浪力的影响也会发生振动，进一步引起塔筒顶部的摇动。在合拢过程中，由于位置难以对齐，常常需要多个机组人员手动协助操作，耗费时间较长。随着超大型单桩风机的问世(直径可达8米)，作业水深的进一步增加(超过40米)，合拢过程中单桩所受的波浪力及塔筒的运动增加，会进一步加剧会海上风电安装成本。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提出一种供机舱安装合拢使用的辅助装置，使塔筒法兰和机舱底部圆孔的合拢对接操作能够迅速完成。
本发明的技术方案：
一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，包括安装在塔筒7上的质量块8、弹簧9、阻尼器10、力作用器11、控制器、电动马达和电池，以及安装在机舱5上的传感器(差分全球定位系统DGPS)；
质量块8通过弹簧9与塔筒7内壁连接，阻尼器10和力作用器11两端均分别连接质量块8和塔筒7内壁；质量块8、弹簧9、阻尼器10的选择应根据振动学原理，针对塔筒7结构的一阶固有频率进行优化调整；当塔筒7的安装完成时，弹簧9和阻尼器10开始工作，通过质量块8的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒7的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器11开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱5的精确位置，通过力作用器11，调整塔筒7在水平面内的位置。
所述的质量块8可为固体或液体单元。
所述的阻尼器10的材质可以为橡胶。
所述的力作用器11受到位于塔筒7内的控制器和小型电动马达驱动。
在机舱5合拢前的关键时刻，塔筒7受波浪力影响可能发生较大幅度的平面运动。通过质量块8-弹簧9-阻尼器10，减小塔筒7的平面运动。通过力作用器11的主动控制，根据空中的机舱5的位置来调整塔筒7的位置从而帮助合拢。
当机舱5和塔筒7成功对接，机舱5通过螺栓固定在塔筒7上，关闭主动式力作用器11；而通过质量块8-弹簧9-阻尼器10构成的阻尼系统依然在风机运行中起到关键作用，提高单桩结构的疲劳寿命。
本发明所适用的风机类型是MW级水平轴风力发电机，水深超过30米的场景。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)该主动式阻尼装置的安装，调试均可在陆上机舱组件安装时完成。其组成部件，力作用器，质量块，弹簧，阻尼，及控制器，电动马达，电池，均为成熟的工业产品，容易实施。
(2)缩短机舱的海上安装时间，缩减安装时间和成本。
(3)在机舱对接时，提高了自动化程度，减少了人力成本，提高了操作安全性。
附图说明
图1是海上单叶片安装的侧视图(xz平面)。
图2是主动式阻尼装置主要元素示意图。
图3是力控制器反馈原理图。
图4是机舱对接场景俯视图。
图5是合拢完成之后的机舱剖面示意图。
图6是安装完成的海上单桩式风机正视图。
图中：1自升式安装船；2吊机；垂直缆绳；4水平缆绳；5机舱；6轮毂；7塔筒；8质量块；9弹簧；10阻尼器；11力作用器；12塔筒顶板；13法兰孔；
14叶片；15单桩；16海平面；17海床。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
所述的一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置的实施步骤如下：
图1所示是海上单叶片安装的侧视图(xz平面)。风速方向为x方向。所安装的海上风机属于6MW级别，机舱长度为10米,重量360吨，机舱水平高于海平面100米。机舱通过两根水平缆绳和一跟垂直缆绳和吊机相连，通过水平缆绳来限制叶片在xy平面内的运动。从自升式安装船上把机舱吊起，逐渐提高到塔筒上部准备合拢。
图2所示是主动式阻尼装置的主要组成。质量块重量20顿，弹簧刚度为5000N/m，阻尼系数为9000Ns/m，对应的固有频率为0.28Hz。力作用器型式可为活塞结构，通过电机驱动。力作用器的参数可根据风机结构进行优化设计。
图3是力控制器的反馈原理。在每一时刻，根据塔筒和机舱的位置对比，控制器计算出下一时刻的需要的力，通过力作用器，来对塔筒位置进行调整。
图4所示是机舱安装的场景。在合拢前，机舱底部圆孔和塔筒顶部已经接近，但在短时间内对齐合拢有较大困难，通常需要借助人力来完成合拢过程。当采用主动阻尼器后，在力作用器的辅助下，可将两者完全对齐。
图5是合拢完成之后的机舱剖面剖面图。螺栓通过法兰孔，将机舱和塔筒顶部连接固定。
图6所示是一个已经完成安装的海上6MW级别风力发电机。

Claims (3)

1.一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的主动式阻尼装置包括安装在塔筒(7)上的质量块(8)、弹簧(9)、阻尼器(10)、力作用器(11)、控制器、电动马达和电池，以及安装在机舱(5)上的传感器；所述的传感器即为差分全球定位系统DGPS；
质量块(8)通过弹簧(9)与塔筒(7)内壁连接，阻尼器(10)和力作用器(11)两端均分别连接质量块(8)和塔筒(7)内壁；质量块(8)、弹簧(9)、阻尼器(10)的选择应根据振动学原理，针对塔筒(7)结构的一阶固有频率进行优化调整；当塔筒(7)的安装完成时，弹簧(9)和阻尼器(10)开始工作，通过质量块(8)的运动，部分抵消因波浪力引起的塔筒(7)的运动；在合拢之前，力作用器(11)开始工作；根据差分全球定位系统DGPS得到机舱(5)的精确位置，通过力作用器(11)，调整塔筒(7)在水平面内的位置；
所述的力作用器(11)受到位于塔筒(7)内的控制器和电动马达驱动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的质量块(8)为固体或液体单元。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的主动式阻尼装置，其特征在于，所述的阻尼器(10)的材质为橡胶。
CN201711099127.3A 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置 Active CN107906165B (zh)

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CN201711099127.3A CN107906165B (zh) 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置
US16/495,022 US11118646B2 (en) 2017-11-09 2018-02-28 Active tuned mass damper applied to offshore monopile wind turbine installation
PCT/CN2018/077522 WO2019091021A1 (zh) 2017-11-09 2018-02-28 一种适用于海上单桩式风机安装的主动式阻尼装置

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