WO2019090527A1 - 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019090527A1
WO2019090527A1 PCT/CN2017/109982 CN2017109982W WO2019090527A1 WO 2019090527 A1 WO2019090527 A1 WO 2019090527A1 CN 2017109982 W CN2017109982 W CN 2017109982W WO 2019090527 A1 WO2019090527 A1 WO 2019090527A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
received signal
user equipment
signal strength
reconfigurable antenna
fingerprint
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/109982
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高杰星
陆金星
徐朝军
沈钢
Original Assignee
上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司
诺基亚通信公司
诺基亚技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司, 诺基亚通信公司, 诺基亚技术有限公司 filed Critical 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/109982 priority Critical patent/WO2019090527A1/zh
Publication of WO2019090527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019090527A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a technology for indoor positioning.
  • Modern communication systems are designed to provide high-rate data transmission in ubiquitous service coverage.
  • the positioning of mobile terminals becomes a key factor for operators to provide better communication transmission quality or a variety of value-added services.
  • indoor location-based services have recently attracted a lot of attention and need to provide a complete solution for indoor location services.
  • Time of Arrival ToA
  • TDoA Time difference of Arrival
  • RSS Received Signal Strength
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • unlocated device locations can be acquired with high accuracy from global satellite positioning systems, such as GPS, or from separate cell systems.
  • GPS Global System for Mobile Communications
  • satellite or cell signals are disturbed and there is shadow fading, these positioning systems can severely reduce accuracy or may fail completely.
  • indoor positioning systems usually require access point (AP) location information, and wireless access points can choose WIFI, Bluetooth or RFID technology. Due to the multipath effect of the indoor environment, AoA and ToA cannot achieve high accuracy. Among all technologies, WIFI fingerprint recognition has emerged as a promising approach due to its deployability. Due to its high accuracy, indoor positioning based on fingerprint recognition has attracted a lot of attention.
  • AP access point
  • WIFI fingerprint identification and positioning technology requires at least four or more access points, and the positioning accuracy is usually only about 2 meters. Its positioning accuracy is highly correlated with the location of the access point deployment and the number of access points.
  • a method for indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna includes:
  • a access point transmits a test sequence to a corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon;
  • the step b further comprises:
  • step c includes:
  • the step c comprises:
  • the reference location information corresponding to the fingerprint is determined as the indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the method further comprises:
  • a positioning apparatus for indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna, wherein an access point transmits a test sequence to a corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon
  • the positioning device comprises:
  • a receiving device configured to receive a received signal strength returned by the user equipment, where the received signal strength is a received signal strength of the user equipment receiving the test sequence;
  • the matching device is configured to perform matching in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the receiving device is further configured to:
  • the matching device is further configured to:
  • the matching device is used to:
  • the reference location information corresponding to the fingerprint is determined as the indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the positioning device further comprises:
  • the access point of the present invention sends a test sequence to a corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon, and receives the received signal strength returned by the user equipment, where the receiving The signal strength is the received signal strength of the user equipment receiving the test sequence, and is performed in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength. Matching, obtaining indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the present invention is based on a beam transformable reconfigurable antenna, and the beam strength of the reconfigurable antenna causes a difference in field strength distribution. Even if the user equipment is far away from the access point, the corresponding field strength distribution is still significantly different at the same position. . Further, the present invention comprehensively considers the angle of arrival information of the reconfigurable antenna, and adopts the RSSI fingerprint pairing algorithm and the signal arrival angle to estimate the position of the user equipment, so that higher accuracy can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a method for indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • base station may be considered synonymous with and may hereinafter sometimes be referred to as a Node B, an evolved Node B, an eNodeB, an eNB, a Transceiver Base Station (BTS), RNC and the like, and can describe a transceiver that communicates with and provides wireless resources to a mobile terminal in a wireless communication network that can span multiple technology generations.
  • BTS Transceiver Base Station
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a method of indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • each fingerprint is a vector of received signal strength values (RSS values) from the access point, the number of access points being the same as the vector's dimensional value.
  • RSS received signal strength
  • the present invention proposes an indoor positioning system consisting of an access point having an antenna with a transformable beam and a user equipment, the position of which is estimated by measuring the received received signal strength.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna, wherein the method includes: Step S101, the access point sends a test sequence to a corresponding user equipment by using different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon
  • step S102 the positioning device 1 receives the received signal strength returned by the user equipment, where the received signal strength is the received signal strength of the user equipment receiving the test sequence
  • step S103 positioning The device 1 performs matching in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain location information of the user equipment.
  • the positioning device 1 can be located, for example, in the access point or in a third-party device, for example in a server for storing a fingerprint database. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the location of the positioning device 1 described above is merely illustrative, and does not impose practical limitations on the present invention. Other existing or future possible positioning devices 1 may be suitable for use. The invention is also intended to be included within the scope of the invention and is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • step S101 the access point transmits a test sequence to the corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antennas thereon.
  • the access point adopts a reconfigurable antenna
  • the reconfigurable means that the relationship between the array elements in the multi-antenna array can be flexibly and variably according to actual conditions, instead of being fixed, which is mainly realized by adjusting state variable devices.
  • Reconfigurable antenna performance can be classified into frequency reconfigurable antennas (including wideband and multi-band implementation), pattern (beam) reconfigurable antennas, polarization reconfigurable antennas, and multiple electromagnetic parameter reconfigurable antennas. By changing the structure of the reconfigurable antenna, one or more of various parameters such as the frequency, the lobe pattern, and the polarization mode of the antenna can be reconstructed.
  • step S101 the access point sends a test sequence to the corresponding user equipment by using different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon; the user equipment can thus receive the reconfigurable antenna from the access point.
  • the test sequences sent in different beam directions have different received signal strengths (RSS) received by the user equipment due to the different directions of each beam.
  • RSS received signal strengths
  • the access point may include, for example, a reconfigurable antenna and a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP).
  • the access point can be, for example, deployed for communication, as well as for indoor positioning.
  • the user equipment can then send the received signal strengths corresponding to the test sequences it receives from different beam directions to the access point.
  • step S102 the positioning device 1 receives the received message returned by the user equipment.
  • Number strength wherein the received signal strength is a received signal strength of the user equipment receiving the test sequence.
  • step S103 the positioning device 1 performs matching in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength returned by the user equipment, and obtains location information of the user equipment. For example, the positioning device 1 searches for a fingerprint that best matches the received signal strength in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength, and uses the location information corresponding to the fingerprint as the location information of the user equipment.
  • the received signal strength is the received signal strength corresponding to the test sequence received by the user equipment from different beam directions
  • the received signal strength should be a vector, and the dimension of the vector is equal to the access point.
  • the received signal strength corresponding to each different beam direction corresponding to each reference position should also be stored. Therefore, in step S103, when the positioning device 1 matches in the fingerprint database, it should comprehensively consider the received signal strength in each dimension to find the fingerprint that best matches the received signal strength returned by the user equipment. .
  • a fingerprint matching algorithm may be selected to estimate the location information of the user equipment.
  • a method based on a minimum Euclidean distance can be introduced. For example, assuming that the received signal strength of the user equipment is vector X 0 , the received signal strengths at the respective reference points are represented as vectors X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n , respectively . The difference in received signal strength between the user equipment and each reference point is evaluated, and the reference point of the minimum distance is selected as the estimated position of the user equipment.
  • the reconfigurable antenna has multiple beams (beam patterns), and each beam can be converted at the nanosecond level at the same position.
  • the fingerprints at the respective reference locations may be acquired in advance according to different beam directions of the reconfigurable antennas of the access point in the offline phase, and the fingerprint database may be established or updated.
  • the position coordinates obtained in indoor positioning usually refer to a part in the current environment.
  • the coordinates in the coordinate system not the latitude and longitude.
  • the fingerprint when the fingerprint is collected, it can be collected at a certain time by a data sampling for a period of time, such as 5 to 15 minutes, approximately once per second, to obtain an average received signal strength from each beam direction.
  • the distribution of the received signal strength samples, or other statistical parameters, such as the standard deviation may also be recorded as a fingerprint.
  • the fingerprints described below are the average of the received signal strength samples.
  • the method further comprises a step S104 (not shown).
  • step S104 the positioning device 1 establishes or updates the sub-fingerprint database based on the beam directions of different beams of the reconfigurable antenna and the fingerprint information of the corresponding reference position, wherein each beam direction corresponds to one sub-fingerprint database.
  • the accuracy of indoor positioning can be improved by reducing the relative size of the fingerprint database.
  • the accuracy of the selection in a smaller range will be higher.
  • the larger the database the greater the likelihood that there will be multiple reference points that match the received signal strength returned by the located user equipment.
  • the difference in field strength is reduced at a position away from the access point, which may cause an error in position discrimination to become large.
  • the size of the relative fingerprint database can be reduced by the directionality of the reconfigurable antenna and the transformability of the beam.
  • the different beams of the reconfigurable antenna correspond to different intensity values of the received signal, and the maximum value is selected as additional information added to the fingerprint database as an additional dimension of the vector of received signal strength at the reference point.
  • the maximum value of the received signal strength is related to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) information from the reconfigurable antenna to the primary signal path of the user equipment.
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • a reconfigurable antenna with a 90° opening and closing angle As an example, it has four beam directions and an offline position measurement phase.
  • the reconfigurable antenna can be received.
  • the access points are respectively transmitted from the four beams, and thus are equivalent to the existing indoor positioning system with four access points.
  • the user equipment faces a certain beam of the reconfigurable antenna, it necessarily has a maximum value of the received signal strength.
  • Figure 2 shows the AoA additional letter of the fingerprint database of the reconfigurable antenna interest. All regions consist of 75 reference points, which can be divided into sub-regions in three directions of reconfigurable antennas: a region of number 1 is associated with the AoA of the user equipment located in the first beam of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the area of number 2 represents the second beam of the reconfigurable antenna, and the area of number 3 represents the third beam of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the fourth beam of the reconfigurable antenna is not shown because it is facing away from the user equipment.
  • each beam corresponds to a sub-fingerprint database.
  • the positioning device 1 determines signal arrival angle information according to the vector of the received signal strength; determines a corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the signal arrival angle information; and subsequently, in step S103, the positioning device 1 Perform matching in the selected sub-fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the positioning device 1 determines the signal arrival angle information according to the vector of the received signal strength, and determines the corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the signal arrival angle information.
  • the access point employs a reconfigurable antenna having a 90° opening and closing angle, which has four beam directions.
  • the access points using the reconfigurable antenna are respectively The four beams transmit a test sequence, and the user equipment receives the test sequence sent from the four different beam directions. Therefore, the received signal strength of the user equipment is a 4-dimensional vector, and the value in each dimension corresponds to The value of the received signal strength in one beam direction.
  • the positioning device 1 finds a corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the maximum value of the vector in the received signal strength, where the maximum value of the received signal strength vector indicates that the user equipment is most likely to face the reconfigurable The beam direction of the antenna.
  • the positioning device 1 can determine that the corresponding sub-fingerprint database is the sub-fingerprint database corresponding to the second beam.
  • step S103 the positioning device 1 performs matching in the selected sub-fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the positioning device 1 performs matching in the selected sub-fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain a fingerprint that is most similar to the received signal strength; and the reference position corresponding to the fingerprint
  • the information is determined as indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the received signal strength is the received signal strength corresponding to the test sequence received by the user equipment from different beam directions
  • the received signal strength should be a vector, and the dimension of the vector is equal to the access point.
  • the received signal strength corresponding to each different beam direction corresponding to each reference position should also be stored. Therefore, in step S103, when the positioning device 1 matches in the sub-fingerprint database, it should comprehensively consider the received signal strength in each dimension to find the most suitable matching signal strength returned by the user equipment. fingerprint.
  • the present invention employs a reconfigurable antenna with a transformable beam and a fingerprinting-based positioning method.
  • the access point consists of a reconfigurable antenna with a switchable beam and a USRP.
  • the simulated user equipment consists of an omnidirectional antenna and a USRP.
  • the positioning system has an access point and a user equipment.
  • the received signal strength received from each beam of the access point on the user equipment side is collected as a database and stored in the server.
  • the contour of the collected sub-fingerprint database (75 points) of each beam is shown in FIG. It can be seen that the received signal strength of each transformable beam is very different. Additional AoA information for the database is shown in Figure 2 above. In the area of 75 points, the positioning result can be accurate to 50cm.
  • Fingerprint positioning is the most accurate positioning method based on WIFI, but it is still More than 4 access points are required and the accuracy is only 2 meters.
  • the limitations of existing methods are determined by the characteristics of the field strength distribution of each access point, and the distribution of field strengths in different regions is generated by access points having different locations.
  • the positioning accuracy depends on the layout of the access point, and when the user equipment is located farther from the access point, the change in field strength is not significant, which leads to a decrease in positioning accuracy.
  • the invention is based on a beam transformable reconfigurable antenna, and the beam transform caused by the reconfigurable antenna causes a difference in field strength distribution, and even if the user equipment is far away from the access point, the field strength can be significantly different.
  • the present invention can achieve higher accuracy in consideration of the AoA information of the pattern reconfigurable antenna itself.
  • the present invention also provides a positioning device for indoor positioning using a reconfigurable antenna, wherein the access point transmits a test sequence to a corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon, wherein the positioning device A receiving device and a matching device are included.
  • the positioning device 1 can be located, for example, in the access point or in a third-party device, for example in a server for storing a fingerprint database. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the location of the positioning device 1 described above is merely illustrative, and does not impose practical limitations on the present invention. Other existing or future possible positioning devices 1 may be suitable for use. The invention is also intended to be included within the scope of the invention and is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the access point transmits a test sequence to the corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antennas thereon.
  • the access point adopts a reconfigurable antenna
  • the reconfigurable means that the relationship between the array elements in the multi-antenna array can be flexibly and variably according to actual conditions, instead of being fixed, which is mainly realized by adjusting state variable devices.
  • Reconfigurable antenna performance can be divided into frequency reconfigurable antennas (including wideband and multi-band implementation) and pattern (beam). Reconstructed antenna, polarized reconfigurable antenna, and multiple electromagnetic parameters reconfigurable antenna. By changing the structure of the reconfigurable antenna, one or more of various parameters such as the frequency, the lobe pattern, and the polarization mode of the antenna can be reconstructed.
  • the access point transmits a test sequence to the corresponding user equipment through different beams of the reconfigurable antenna thereon; the user equipment can therefore receive the reconfigurable antenna from the access point from different beam directions.
  • the test sequence because the direction of each beam is different, the received signal strength (RSS) of the user equipment receiving the test sequence is also different.
  • RSS received signal strength
  • the access point may include, for example, a reconfigurable antenna and a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP).
  • the access point can be, for example, deployed for communication, as well as for indoor positioning.
  • the user equipment can then send the received signal strengths corresponding to the test sequences it receives from different beam directions to the access point.
  • the receiving device receives the received signal strength returned by the user equipment, wherein the received signal strength is a received signal strength of the user equipment receiving the test sequence.
  • the matching device performs matching in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength returned by the user equipment, and obtains location information of the user equipment. For example, the matching device searches for a fingerprint that matches the received signal strength in the fingerprint database according to the received signal strength, and uses the location information corresponding to the fingerprint as the location information of the user equipment.
  • the received signal strength is the received signal strength corresponding to the test sequence received by the user equipment from different beam directions
  • the received signal strength should be a vector, and the dimension of the vector is equal to the access point.
  • the received signal strength corresponding to each different beam direction corresponding to each reference position should also be stored. Therefore, when the matching device matches in the fingerprint database, it should comprehensively consider the received signal strength in each dimension to find the fingerprint that best matches the received signal strength returned by the user equipment.
  • a fingerprint matching algorithm may be selected to estimate the location information of the user equipment.
  • a method of measuring the Euclidean distance can be introduced. For example, assuming that the received signal strength of the user equipment is vector X 0 , the received signal strengths at the respective reference points are represented as vectors X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n , respectively . The difference in received signal strength between the user equipment and each reference point is evaluated, and the reference point of the minimum distance is selected as the estimated position of the user equipment.
  • the reconfigurable antenna has multiple beam patterns, and each beam can be converted at the nanosecond level at the same position.
  • the fingerprints at the respective reference locations may be acquired in advance according to different beam directions of the reconfigurable antennas of the access point in the offline phase, and the fingerprint database may be established or updated.
  • the position coordinates obtained in indoor positioning generally refer to coordinates in a local coordinate system in the current environment, rather than latitude and longitude.
  • the fingerprint when the fingerprint is collected, it can be collected at a certain time by a data sampling for a period of time, such as 5 to 15 minutes, approximately once per second, to obtain an average received signal strength from each beam direction.
  • the distribution of the received signal strength samples, or other statistical parameters, such as the standard deviation may also be recorded as a fingerprint.
  • the fingerprints described below are the average of the received signal strength samples.
  • the positioning device 1 further comprises an establishing device.
  • the establishing device establishes or updates the sub-fingerprint database based on beam directions of different beams of the reconfigurable antenna and fingerprint information of corresponding reference positions, wherein each beam direction corresponds to one sub-fingerprint database.
  • the accuracy of indoor positioning can be improved by reducing the relative size of the fingerprint database.
  • the accuracy of the selection in a smaller range will be higher.
  • the larger the database the greater the likelihood that there will be multiple reference points that match the received signal strength returned by the user equipment. At the same time, there may be more errors in the location away from the access point.
  • the size of the relative fingerprint database can be reduced by the directionality of the reconfigurable antenna and the transformability of the beam.
  • the maximum value of the received signal strength is related to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) information from the reconfigurable antenna to the primary signal path of the user equipment.
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • a reconfigurable antenna with a 90° opening and closing angle As an example, it has four beam directions and an offline position measurement phase.
  • the reconfigurable antenna can be received.
  • the access points are respectively transmitted from the four beams, and thus are equivalent to the existing indoor positioning system with four access points.
  • the user equipment faces a certain beam of the reconfigurable antenna, it necessarily has a maximum value of the received signal strength.
  • Figure 2 shows the AoA additional information of the fingerprint database of the reconfigurable antenna. All regions consist of 75 reference points, which can be divided into sub-regions in three directions of reconfigurable antennas: a region of number 1 is associated with the AoA of the user equipment located in the first beam of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the area of number 2 represents the second beam of the reconfigurable antenna, and the area of number 3 represents the third beam of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the fourth beam of the reconfigurable antenna is not shown because it is facing away from the user equipment.
  • each beam corresponds to a sub-fingerprint database.
  • the receiving device determines the signal arrival angle information according to the vector of the received signal strength; determines a corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the signal arrival angle information; and the matching device selects the sub-fingerprint according to the received signal strength. Matching is performed in the database to obtain indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the received signal strength returned by the user equipment is the received signal strength corresponding to the test sequence received by the user equipment from different beam directions
  • the received signal strength should be a vector, and the dimension of the vector That is equal to the number of beam directions of the reconfigurable antenna of the access point.
  • the receiving device determines the signal arrival angle information according to the vector of the received signal strength, and determines the corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the signal arrival angle information.
  • the access point uses a reconfigurable antenna with a 90° opening and closing angle, which has four beam directions. Therefore, the access points using the reconfigurable antenna are respectively sent from the four beams for testing.
  • the user equipment receives the test sequence sent from the four different beam directions, and therefore, the receiving signal of the user equipment
  • the intensity is a 4-dimensional vector, and the value in each dimension corresponds to the value of the received signal strength in one of the beam directions.
  • the receiving device finds a corresponding sub-fingerprint database according to the maximum value of the vector in the received signal strength.
  • the maximum value of the received signal strength vector indicates that the user equipment is most likely to face the beam direction of the reconfigurable antenna. For example, suppose that the value of the received signal strength of the user equipment in the second dimension is the highest, and the value in the fourth dimension is the lowest, indicating that the user equipment is most likely to face the area of the number 2 as shown in FIG. a face that faces the second beam of the reconfigurable antenna and faces away from the fourth beam of the reconfigurable antenna; therefore, the receiving device can determine that the corresponding sub-fingerprint database corresponds to the second beam Sub-fingerprint database.
  • the matching device performs matching in the selected sub-fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain indoor location information of the user equipment.
  • the matching device performs matching in the selected sub-fingerprint database according to the received signal strength to obtain a fingerprint that is most similar to the received signal strength; and determines reference position information corresponding to the fingerprint as the user. Indoor location information of the device.
  • the received signal strength is the received signal strength corresponding to the test sequence received by the user equipment from different beam directions
  • the received signal strength should be a vector, and the dimension of the vector is equal to the access point.
  • the received signal strength corresponding to each different beam direction corresponding to each reference position should also be stored. Therefore, when the matching device matches in the sub-fingerprint database, it should comprehensively consider the received signal strength in each dimension to find the fingerprint that most closely matches the received signal strength returned by the user equipment.
  • the present invention employs a reconfigurable antenna with a transformable beam and a fingerprinting-based positioning method.
  • the access point consists of a reconfigurable antenna with a switchable beam and a USRP.
  • the simulated user equipment consists of an omnidirectional antenna and a USRP.
  • the positioning system has an access point and a user equipment.
  • the received signal strength received from each beam of the access point on the user equipment side is collected as a database and stored in the server.
  • Adopt For example, an access point for a reconfigurable antenna with a 90° opening and closing angle, a contour of the collected sub-fingerprint database (75 points) for each beam is shown in FIG. It can be seen that the received signal strength of each transformable beam is very different. Additional AoA information for the database is shown in Figure 2 above. In the area of 75 points, the positioning result can be accurate to 50cm.
  • Fingerprint positioning is the most accurate positioning method based on WIFI, but it still needs more than 4 access points, and the accuracy is only 2 meters.
  • the limitations of existing methods are determined by the characteristics of the field strength distribution of each access point, and the distribution of field strengths in different regions is generated by access points having different locations.
  • the positioning accuracy depends on the layout of the access point, and when the user equipment is located farther from the access point, the change in field strength is not significant, which leads to a decrease in positioning accuracy.
  • the invention is based on a beam transformable reconfigurable antenna, and the beam transform caused by the reconfigurable antenna causes a difference in field strength distribution, and even if the user equipment is far away from the access point, the field strength can be significantly different.
  • the present invention can achieve higher accuracy in consideration of the AoA information of the pattern reconfigurable antenna itself.
  • the present invention can be implemented in software and/or a combination of software and hardware, for example, using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a general purpose computer, or any other similar hardware device.
  • the software program of the present invention may be executed by a processor to implement the steps or functions described above.
  • the software program (including related data structures) of the present invention can be stored in a computer readable recording medium such as a RAM memory, a magnetic or optical drive or a floppy disk and the like.
  • some of the steps or functions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, for example, as a circuit that cooperates with a processor to perform various steps or functions.
  • a portion of the invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide a method and/or solution in accordance with the present invention.
  • the program instructions for invoking the method of the present invention may be stored in a fixed or removable recording medium and/or transmitted by a data stream in a broadcast or other signal bearing medium, and/or stored in a The working memory of the computer device in which the program instructions are run.
  • Embodiments include a device comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing program instructions, wherein when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the device is triggered to operate based on the foregoing Methods and/or technical solutions of various embodiments of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法与装置。与现有技术相比，本发明接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列，接收该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，该接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度，根据该接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中匹配，获得该用户设备的室内位置信息。本发明基于波束可变换的可重构天线，由该可重构天线的波束变换引起场强分布的不同，即使用户设备远离接入点，其相应的场强分布在相同的位置仍然有明显差别。进一步地，本发明综合考虑可重构天线的到达角度信息，同时采用了RSSI指纹配对算法和信号到达角来估计用户设备的位置，可以获得更高的准确率。

Description

一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于室内定位的技术。
背景技术
现代通信系统旨在在无所不在的服务覆盖中提供高速率数据传输。对移动终端的定位成为运营商提供更好的通信传输质量或多种多样的增值业务的关键因素。基于此，室内基于位置的服务最近吸引了很多关注，需要为室内定位服务提供一种完整的方案。
目前的定位技术例如基于信号到达时间(Time of Arrival，ToA)、信号到达时间差(Time difference of Arrival，TDoA)、接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength，RSS)传输模型和信号到达角(Angle of Arrival，AoA)。在室外的情形中，未定位的设备位置可以从全球卫星定位系统，如GPS，或从单独的小区系统中，被高准确率地获取。然而，在室内的环境中，由于卫星或小区信号会被干扰，并且存在阴影衰落，因此，这些定位系统会严重地降低准确度或可能完全失败。
不同于室外的定位，室内的定位系统通常需要接入点(Access Point，AP)位置信息，无线接入点可以选择WIFI、蓝牙或RFID技术。由于室内环境的多路径效果，AoA和ToA不能得到高准确率。在所有的技术中，由于其可部署性，WIFI指纹识别作为一种有希望的方式出现了。由于其高准确性，基于指纹识别的室内定位吸引了很多关注。
然而，目前的WIFI指纹识别定位技术需要至少四个或更多接入点，并且，定位精度通常只有大概2米。其定位精确度与接入点部署位置和接入点的数量具有很高的关联度。
考虑现有的指纹定位技术，为了获得更方便有效的方法，我们引入了一种基于可重构天线的定位方法，其代替了用于传统接入点的全 方向天线。由于该可重构天线的方向性，可以使用尽量少的接入点来获得更高的准确性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法与装置。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法，其中，该方法包括：
a接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列；
b接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；
c根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，所述步骤b还包括：
根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；
根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；
其中，所述步骤c包括：
根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，所述步骤c包括：
根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；
将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，该方法还包括：
基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向 对应一个子指纹数据库。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的定位装置，其中，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列，其中，该定位装置包括：
接收装置，用于接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；
匹配装置，用于根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，所述接收装置还用于：
根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；
根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；
其中，所述匹配装置还用于：
根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，所述匹配装置用于：
根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；
将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，该定位装置还包括：
建立装置，基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向对应一个子指纹数据库。
与现有技术相比，本发明接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列，接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度，根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行 匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。本发明基于波束可变换的可重构天线，由该可重构天线的波束变换引起场强分布的不同，即使用户设备远离接入点，其相应的场强分布在相同的位置仍然有明显差别。进一步地，本发明综合考虑可重构天线的到达角度信息，同时采用了RSSI指纹配对算法和信号到达角来估计用户设备的位置，可以获得更高的准确率。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1示出根据本发明一个方面的采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法示意图；
图2示出根据本发明一个优选实施例的采用可重构天线进行室内定位的示意图；
图3示出根据本发明另一个优选实施例的采用可重构天线进行室内定位的示意图。
附图中相同或相似的附图标记代表相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
这里所使用的术语“基站”可以被视为与以下各项同义并且在后文中有时可以被称作以下各项：B节点、演进型B节点、eNodeB、eNB、收发器基站(BTS)、RNC等等，并且可以描述在可以跨越多个技术世代的无线通信网络中与移动端通信并且为之提供无线资源的收发器。除了实施这里所讨论的方法的能力之外，这里所讨论的基站可以具有与传统的众所周知的基站相关联的所有功能。
后面所讨论的方法可以通过硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微代码、硬件描述语言或者其任意组合来实施。当用软件、固件、中间件或微 代码来实施时，用以实施必要任务的程序代码或代码段可以被存储在机器或计算机可读介质(比如存储介质)中。(一个或多个)处理器可以实施必要的任务。
这里所公开的具体结构和功能细节仅仅是代表性的，并且是用于描述本发明的示例性实施例的目的。但是本发明可以通过许多替换形式来具体实现，并且不应当被解释成仅仅受限于这里所阐述的实施例。应当理解的是，虽然在这里可能使用了术语“第一”、“第二”等等来描述各个单元，但是这些单元不应当受这些术语限制。使用这些术语仅仅是为了将一个单元与另一个单元进行区分。举例来说，在不背离示例性实施例的范围的情况下，第一单元可以被称为第二单元，并且类似地第二单元可以被称为第一单元。这里所使用的术语“和/或”包括其中一个或更多所列出的相关联项目的任意和所有组合。
应当理解的是，当一个单元被称为“连接”或“耦合”到另一单元时，其可以直接连接或耦合到所述另一单元，或者可以存在中间单元。与此相对，当一个单元被称为“直接连接”或“直接耦合”到另一单元时，则不存在中间单元。应当按照类似的方式来解释被用于描述单元之间的关系的其他词语(例如“处于...之间”相比于“直接处于...之间”，“与...邻近”相比于“与...直接邻近”等等)。
这里所使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例而不意图限制示例性实施例。除非上下文明确地另有所指，否则这里所使用的单数形式“一个”、“一项”还意图包括复数。还应当理解的是，这里所使用的术语“包括”和/或“包含”规定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元和/或组件的存在，而不排除存在或添加一个或更多其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元、组件和/或其组合。
还应当提到的是，在一些替换实现方式中，所提到的功能/动作可以按照不同于附图中标示的顺序发生。举例来说，取决于所涉及的功能/动作，相继示出的两幅图实际上可以基本上同时执行或者有时可以按照相反的顺序来执行。
除非另行定义，否则这里使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)都具有与示例性实施例所属领域内的技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。还应当理解的是，除非在这里被明确定义，否则例如在通常使用的字典中定义的那些术语应当被解释成具有与其在相关领域的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应按照理想化的或者过于正式的意义来解释。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
图1示出根据本发明一个方面的采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法示意图。
在基于指纹的定位方法中，有两种典型的阶段，称为线下位置测量(offline site survey)和线上位置查询(online location query)。在线下阶段，位置测量旨在已知的物理位置收集指纹，这些已知的物理位置称为参考点(RP，reference point)。每个指纹是从接入点的接收信号强度值(RSS value)的向量，接入点数量与向量的维度值相同。RSS(received signal strength，接收信号强度)值及他们关联的位置被存储于指纹数据库中。我们知道，传统的指纹收集至少需要四个或更多接入点。理论上，更多的接入点带来更高的定位准确性。我们来考虑只有一个接入点的特殊情况，RSS的向量则变成了标量。因此，为了估计用户设备的位置，如果只使用一个接入点的话会非常困难。
本发明提出了一种室内定位系统，其由具有可变换波束的天线的接入点和用户设备组成，用户设备的位置通过测量接收到的接收信号强度来估计。
本发明还提出了一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法，其中，该方法包括：步骤S101，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列；步骤S102，定位装置1接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；步骤S103，定位 装置1根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的位置信息。
在此，定位装置1例如可以位于该接入点中，也可以位于第三方设备中，例如，位于用于存储指纹数据库的服务器中。本领域技术人员应能理解，上述定位装置1的所处位置仅为举例说明，而并不对本发明造成实际限制，其他现有或今后可能出现的定位装置1的所处位置，如可适用于本发明，也应包含在本发明保护范围以内，并通过引用的方式包含于此。
在步骤S101中，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列。
在此，接入点采用可重构天线，可重构是指多天线阵列中各阵元之间的关系可以根据实际情况灵活可变，而非固定，其主要通过调整状态可变器件，实现天线性能的可重构。可重构天线按功能可分为频率可重构天线(包括实现宽频带和实现多频带)、方向图(波束)可重构天线、极化可重构天线和多电磁参数可重构天线。通过改变可重构天线的结构可以使天线的频率、波瓣图、极化方式等多种参数中的一种或几种实现重构。
具体地，在步骤S101中，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列；该用户设备因此可以接收到来自该接入点的可重构天线从不同的波束方向上发来的测试序列，由于每个波束的方向不同，因此，用户设备接收到测试序列的接收信号强度(RSS)也不同。
在此，该接入点例如可以包括可重构天线以及通用软件无线电外设(Universal Software Radio Peripheral，USRP)。该接入点例如可以是部署以进行通信，同样也可以用来进行室内定位。
随后，用户设备可以将其接收到的来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度发送至该接入点。
在步骤S102中，定位装置1接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信 号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度。
接着，在步骤S103中，定位装置1根据所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的位置信息。例如，定位装置1根据该接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中匹配查找与该接收信号强度最匹配的指纹，将该指纹对应的位置信息作为该用户设备的位置信息。
在此，由于接收信号强度是用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。而在所述指纹数据库中，也应存储有各个参考位置所分别对应的各个不同波束方向上所对应的接收信号强度。因此，在步骤S103中，定位装置1在该指纹数据库中匹配的时候，其应综合考量每一个维度上的接收信号强度，以此找到与该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度最相匹配的指纹。
在步骤S103中，定位装置1在指纹数据库中进行匹配的时候，可以选择一个指纹匹配算法，以此来估计用户设备的位置信息。关于该匹配算法，例如可以引入基于最小欧几里德(Euclidean)距离的方法。例如，假设所述用户设备的接收信号强度为向量X0，在各个参考点的接收信号强度分别表示为向量X1，X2，…，Xn。评估用户设备与各个参考点之间的接收信号强度的不同，选择最小距离的参考点作为该用户设备估计的位置。
在此，通过采用可重构天线的波束变换，即使只采用一个接入点，仍然可以具有接收信号强度的向量。可重构天线具有多个波束(方向图)(beam pattern)，各个波束在相同的位置可以在纳秒级别被转换。可以事先在离线阶段，根据该接入点的可重构天线的不同波束方向，采集各个参考位置上的指纹，并以此建立或更新所述指纹数据库。在此，室内定位中所得到的位置坐标通常是指在当前环境中的一个局部 坐标系中的坐标，而不是经纬度。在此，采集指纹时，可以在每个参考位置上，通过一段时间的数据采样，如5到15分钟，大约每秒采集一次，得到来自各个波束方向的平均接收信号强度。在此，也可以记录接收信号强度样本的分布，或其他统计参数，如标准差，来作为指纹，为简单起见，下文所述指纹均是接收信号强度样本的均值。
优选地，该方法还包括步骤S104(未示出)。在步骤S104中，定位装置1基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向对应一个子指纹数据库。
具体地，可以通过减小指纹数据库的相对大小来提高室内定位的准确性。通常，在较小范围中进行选择的精确度将会更高。数据库越大，存在多个与被定位的用户设备返回的接收信号强度相匹配的参考点的可能性也就越大。同时，在远离接入点的位置由于场强的差异减小，从而可能导致位置判别的误差变大。在传统的全方向天线(Omni-antenna)的方法中，无论该区域是大还是小，只有同一个指纹数据库。而在本发明中，可以通过可重构天线的定向性和波束的可变换性，来减少相对的指纹数据库的大小。
当建立指纹数据库时，可重构天线的不同波束对应接收信号不同的强度值，选择其中最大值作为附加信息添加到指纹数据库中，作为在参考点的接收信号强度的向量的一个附加维度。
接收信号强度的最大值与从可重构天线到用户设备的主要信号路径的信号到达角度(Angle of Arrival，AoA)信息相关。
以一个具有90°开合角的可重构天线为例，其具有4个波束方向，在线下位置测量阶段，用于测量的用户设备在某个位置时，可以接收到采用该可重构天线的接入点分别从该4个波束所发送的信号序列，因此，相当于现有的具有4个接入点的室内定位系统。而当该用户设备面对该可重构天线的某个波束时，其必然具有一个接收信号强度的最大值。图2示出了该可重构天线的指纹数据库的AoA附加信 息。所有的区域由75个参考点组成，其可以被分为可重构天线3个方向上的子区域：数字为1的区域是与位于可重构天线的第一个波束的用户设备的AoA相关，数字为2的区域表述可重构天线的第二个波束，数字为3的区域表述可重构天线的第三个波束。而该可重构天线的第四个波束由于是背对着该用户设备，因此未示出。在此，每一个波束对应一个子指纹数据库。
优选地，在步骤S102中，定位装置1根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；随后，在步骤S103中，定位装置1根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
具体地，由于该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度是该用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。在步骤S102中，定位装置1根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息，再根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库。例如，接前例，接入点采用了一个具有90°开合角的可重构天线，其具有4个波束方向，因此，在步骤S101中，采用该可重构天线的接入点分别从该4个波束发送测试序列，用户设备接收到来自该4个不同的波束方向上所发送的测试序列，因此，该用户设备的接收信号强度为一个4维的向量，每一个维度上的值对应其中一个波束方向上的接收信号强度的值。在步骤S102中，定位装置1根据该接收信号强度中向量的最大值，找到对应的子指纹数据库，在此，接收信号强度中向量的最大值表示该用户设备最有可能面朝该可重构天线的该波束方向。例如，假设该用户设备的接收信号强度的第2维上的数值最高，而第4维上的数值最低，则表示该用户设备最大可能是面朝着如图2所示的数字为2的区域，即面朝着该可重构天线的第二个波束，而背对着该可重构天线的第四 个波束；因此，在步骤S102中，定位装置1可以确定对应的子指纹数据库是该第二个波束所对应的子指纹数据库。
随后，在步骤S103中，定位装置1根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，在步骤S103中，定位装置1根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
在此，由于接收信号强度是用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。而在所述子指纹数据库中，也应存储有各个参考位置所分别对应的各个不同波束方向上所对应的接收信号强度。因此，在步骤S103中，定位装置1在该子指纹数据库中匹配的时候，其应综合考量每一个维度上的接收信号强度，以此找到与该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度最相匹配的指纹。
在此，本发明采用具有可变换波束的可重构天线和基于指纹算法的定位方法。在室内定位系统中，接入点由具有可变换波束的可重构天线和USRP组成，模拟的用户设备由一个全方向天线和一个USRP组成。该定位系统具有一个接入点和一个用户设备。
在线下阶段，在用户设备端自接入点的每个波束接收到的接收信号强度被收集作为一个数据库，并将其存储在服务器中。以采用具有90°开合角的可重构天线的接入点为例，每个波束的被收集的子指纹数据库(75个点)的等高线在图3中被示出。可以看到，每个可变换波束的接收信号强度都非常不同。数据库的附加AoA信息被示出在上图2中。在75个点的区域中，定位结果可以精确到50cm精度。
指纹定位是现有基于WIFI的精确度最高的定位方法，但其还是 需要多于4个接入点，并且精度也只有2米。现有方法的局限性是在于各个接入点的场强分布的特性所决定的，场强在不同的区域分布由具有不同位置的接入点生成。显然，定位精确度取决于接入点的布局，并且，当用户设备位于距离接入点较远的位置时，场强的变化不明显，其导致定位精度的下降。本发明基于波束可变换的可重构天线，由该可重构天线的波束变换引起场强分布的不同，即使用户设备远离接入点，仍然可以具有明显不同的场强。此外，考虑到方向图可重构天线的本身的AoA信息，本发明可以获得更高的准确率。
本发明还提出了一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的定位装置，其中，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列，其中，该定位装置包括接收装置和匹配装置。接收装置用于接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；匹配装置用于根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
在此，定位装置1例如可以位于该接入点中，也可以位于第三方设备中，例如，位于用于存储指纹数据库的服务器中。本领域技术人员应能理解，上述定位装置1的所处位置仅为举例说明，而并不对本发明造成实际限制，其他现有或今后可能出现的定位装置1的所处位置，如可适用于本发明，也应包含在本发明保护范围以内，并通过引用的方式包含于此。
具体地，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列。
在此，接入点采用可重构天线，可重构是指多天线阵列中各阵元之间的关系可以根据实际情况灵活可变，而非固定，其主要通过调整状态可变器件，实现天线性能的可重构。可重构天线按功能可分为频率可重构天线(包括实现宽频带和实现多频带)、方向图(波束)可 重构天线、极化可重构天线和多电磁参数可重构天线。通过改变可重构天线的结构可以使天线的频率、波瓣图、极化方式等多种参数中的一种或几种实现重构。
接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列；该用户设备因此可以接收到来自该接入点的可重构天线从不同的波束方向上发来的测试序列，由于每个波束的方向不同，因此，用户设备接收到测试序列的接收信号强度(RSS)也不同。
在此，该接入点例如可以包括可重构天线以及通用软件无线电外设(Universal Software Radio Peripheral，USRP)。该接入点例如可以是部署以进行通信，同样也可以用来进行室内定位。
随后，用户设备可以将其接收到的来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度发送至该接入点。
接收装置接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度。
匹配装置根据所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的位置信息。例如，匹配装置根据该接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中匹配查找与该接收信号强度最匹配的指纹，将该指纹对应的位置信息作为该用户设备的位置信息。
在此，由于接收信号强度是用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。而在所述指纹数据库中，也应存储有各个参考位置所分别对应的各个不同波束方向上所对应的接收信号强度。因此，匹配装置在该指纹数据库中匹配的时候，其应综合考量每一个维度上的接收信号强度，以此找到与该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度最相匹配的指纹。
匹配装置在指纹数据库中进行匹配的时候，可以选择一个指纹匹配算法，以此来估计用户设备的位置信息。关于该匹配算法，例如可以引入测量欧几里德(Euclidean)距离的方法。例如，假设所述用户 设备的接收信号强度为向量X0，在各个参考点的接收信号强度分别表示为向量X1，X2，…，Xn。评估用户设备与各个参考点之间的接收信号强度的不同，选择最小距离的参考点作为该用户设备估计的位置。
在此，通过采用可重构天线的波束变换，即使只采用一个接入点，仍然可以具有接收信号强度的向量。可重构天线具有多个波束(方向)(beam pattern)，各个波束在相同的位置可以在纳秒级别被转换。可以事先在离线阶段，根据该接入点的可重构天线的不同波束方向，采集各个参考位置上的指纹，并以此建立或更新所述指纹数据库。在此，室内定位中所得到的位置坐标通常是指在当前环境中的一个局部坐标系中的坐标，而不是经纬度。在此，采集指纹时，可以在每个参考位置上，通过一段时间的数据采样，如5到15分钟，大约每秒采集一次，得到来自各个波束方向的平均接收信号强度。在此，也可以记录接收信号强度样本的分布，或其他统计参数，如标准差，来作为指纹，为简单起见，下文所述指纹均是接收信号强度样本的均值。
优选地，定位装置1还包括建立装置。该建立装置基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向对应一个子指纹数据库。
具体地，可以通过减小指纹数据库的相对大小来提高室内定位的准确性。通常，在较小范围中进行选择的精确度将会更高。数据库越大，存在多个与用户设备返回的接收信号强度相匹配的参考点的可能性也就越大。同时，在远离接入点的位置可能存在误差将会更大。在传统的全方向天线(Omni-antenna)的方法中，无论该区域是大还是小，只有同一个指纹数据库。而在本发明中，可以通过可重构天线的定向性和波束的可变换性，来减少相对的指纹数据库的大小。
当建立指纹数据库时，可重构天线的不同波束对应接收信号不同的强度值，选择其中最大值作为附加信息添加到指纹数据库中，作为 在参考点的接收信号强度的向量的一个附加维度。
接收信号强度的最大值与从可重构天线到用户设备的主要信号路径的信号到达角度(Angle of Arrival，AoA)信息相关。
以一个具有90°开合角的可重构天线为例，其具有4个波束方向，在线下位置测量阶段，用于测量的用户设备在某个位置时，可以接收到采用该可重构天线的接入点分别从该4个波束所发送的信号序列，因此，相当于现有的具有4个接入点的室内定位系统。而当该用户设备面对该可重构天线的某个波束时，其必然具有一个接收信号强度的最大值。图2示出了该可重构天线的指纹数据库的AoA附加信息。所有的区域由75个参考点组成，其可以被分为可重构天线3个方向上的子区域：数字为1的区域是与位于可重构天线的第一个波束的用户设备的AoA相关，数字为2的区域表述可重构天线的第二个波束，数字为3的区域表述可重构天线的第三个波束。而该可重构天线的第四个波束由于是背对着该用户设备，因此未示出。在此，每一个波束对应一个子指纹数据库。
优选地，接收装置根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；匹配装置根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
具体地，由于该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度是该用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。接收装置根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息，再根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库。例如，接前例，接入点采用了一个具有90°开合角的可重构天线，其具有4个波束方向，因此，采用该可重构天线的接入点分别从该4个波束发送测试序列，用户设备接收到来自该4个不同的波束方向上所发送的测试序列，因此，该用户设备的接收信号 强度为一个4维的向量，每一个维度上的值对应其中一个波束方向上的接收信号强度的值。接收装置根据该接收信号强度中向量的最大值，找到对应的子指纹数据库，在此，接收信号强度中向量的最大值表示该用户设备最有可能面朝该可重构天线的该波束方向。例如，假设该用户设备的接收信号强度的第2维上的数值最高，而第4维上的数值最低，则表示该用户设备最大可能是面朝着如图2所示的数字为2的区域，即面朝着该可重构天线的第二个波束，而背对着该可重构天线的第四个波束；因此，接收装置可以确定对应的子指纹数据库是该第二个波束所对应的子指纹数据库。
匹配装置根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
优选地，匹配装置根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
在此，由于接收信号强度是用户设备接收来自不同波束方向上的测试序列所对应的接收信号强度，因此，该接收信号强度应是一个向量，并且，该向量的维度即等于该接入点的可重构天线的波束方向的数量。而在所述子指纹数据库中，也应存储有各个参考位置所分别对应的各个不同波束方向上所对应的接收信号强度。因此，匹配装置在该子指纹数据库中匹配的时候，其应综合考量每一个维度上的接收信号强度，以此找到与该用户设备所返回的接收信号强度最相匹配的指纹。
在此，本发明采用具有可变换波束的可重构天线和基于指纹算法的定位方法。在室内定位系统中，接入点由具有可变换波束的可重构天线和USRP组成，模拟的用户设备由一个全方向天线和一个USRP组成。该定位系统具有一个接入点和一个用户设备。
在线下阶段，在用户设备端自接入点的每个波束接收到的接收信号强度被收集作为一个数据库，并将其存储在服务器中。以采用具有 90°开合角的可重构天线的接入点为例，每个波束的被收集的子指纹数据库(75个点)的等高线在图3中被示出。可以看到，每个可变换波束的接收信号强度都非常不同。数据库的附加AoA信息被示出在上图2中。在75个点的区域中，定位结果可以精确到50cm精度。
指纹定位是现有基于WIFI的精确度最高的定位方法，但其还是需要多于4个接入点，并且精度也只有2米。现有方法的局限性是在于各个接入点的场强分布的特性所决定的，场强在不同的区域分布由具有不同位置的接入点生成。显然，定位精确度取决于接入点的布局，并且，当用户设备位于距离接入点较远的位置时，场强的变化不明显，其导致定位精度的下降。本发明基于波束可变换的可重构天线，由该可重构天线的波束变换引起场强分布的不同，即使用户设备远离接入点，仍然可以具有明显不同的场强。此外，考虑到方向图可重构天线的本身的AoA信息，本发明可以获得更高的准确率。
需要注意的是，本发明可在软件和/或软件与硬件的组合体中被实施，例如，可采用专用集成电路(ASIC)、通用目的计算机或任何其他类似硬件设备来实现。在一个实施例中，本发明的软件程序可以通过处理器执行以实现上文所述步骤或功能。同样地，本发明的软件程序(包括相关的数据结构)可以被存储到计算机可读记录介质中，例如，RAM存储器，磁或光驱动器或软磁盘及类似设备。另外，本发明的一些步骤或功能可采用硬件来实现，例如，作为与处理器配合从而执行各个步骤或功能的电路。
另外，本发明的一部分可被应用为计算机程序产品，例如计算机程序指令，当其被计算机执行时，通过该计算机的操作，可以调用或提供根据本发明的方法和/或技术方案。而调用本发明的方法的程序指令，可能被存储在固定的或可移动的记录介质中，和/或通过广播或其他信号承载媒体中的数据流而被传输，和/或被存储在根据所述程序指令运行的计算机设备的工作存储器中。在此，根据本发明的一 个实施例包括一个装置，该装置包括用于存储计算机程序指令的存储器和用于执行程序指令的处理器，其中，当该计算机程序指令被该处理器执行时，触发该装置运行基于前述根据本发明的多个实施例的方法和/或技术方案。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化涵括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。此外，显然“包括”一词不排除其他单元或步骤，单数不排除复数。装置权利要求中陈述的多个单元或装置也可以由一个单元或装置通过软件或者硬件来实现。第一，第二等词语用来表示名称，而并不表示任何特定的顺序。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法，其中，该方法包括：
    a接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列；
    b接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；
    c根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述步骤b还包括：
    根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；
    根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；
    其中，所述步骤c包括：
    根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述步骤c包括：
    根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；
    将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中，该方法还包括：
    基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向对应一个子指纹数据库。
  5. 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的定位装置，其中，接入点通过其上的可重构天线的不同波束，向对应的用户设备发送测试序列，其中，该定位装置包括：
    接收装置，用于接收所述用户设备所返回的接收信号强度，其中，所述接收信号强度为所述用户设备接收所述测试序列的接收信号强度；
    匹配装置，用于根据所述接收信号强度，在指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的定位装置，其中，所述接收装置还用于：
    根据所述接收信号强度的向量，确定信号到达角度信息；
    根据所述信号到达角度信息，确定对应的子指纹数据库；
    其中，所述匹配装置还用于：
    根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的定位装置，其中，所述匹配装置用于：
    根据所述接收信号强度，在所选择的子指纹数据库中进行匹配，获得与所述接收信号强度最相似的指纹；
    将所述指纹所对应的参考位置信息确定为所述用户设备的室内位置信息。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的定位装置，其中，该定位装置还包括：
    建立装置，基于所述可重构天线的不同波束的波束方向，以及对应的参考位置的指纹信息，建立或更新所述子指纹数据库，其中，每个波束方向对应一个子指纹数据库。
PCT/CN2017/109982 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置 WO2019090527A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2017/109982 WO2019090527A1 (zh) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2017/109982 WO2019090527A1 (zh) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019090527A1 true WO2019090527A1 (zh) 2019-05-16

Family

ID=66438135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/109982 WO2019090527A1 (zh) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019090527A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110727752A (zh) * 2019-10-10 2020-01-24 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 位置指纹库处理方法、设备及计算机可读存储介质
CN112188385A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-05 天津工业大学 一种基于ap序列的缩小定位区域的室内定位方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050096068A1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2005-05-05 Microsoft Corporation Using a derived table of signal strength data to locate and track a user in a wireless network
CN1744763A (zh) * 2005-09-30 2006-03-08 上海贝豪通讯电子有限公司 在td－scdma和wifi系统下的联合定位方法
CN1864344A (zh) * 2003-08-06 2006-11-15 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 无线网络中的定位
CN101047983A (zh) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-03 华为技术有限公司 一种定位移动台的方法
CN104540221A (zh) * 2015-01-15 2015-04-22 哈尔滨工业大学 基于半监督sde算法的wlan室内定位方法
CN106159464A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2016-11-23 深圳前海科蓝通信有限公司 一种定向窄波选择智能天线系统

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050096068A1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2005-05-05 Microsoft Corporation Using a derived table of signal strength data to locate and track a user in a wireless network
CN1864344A (zh) * 2003-08-06 2006-11-15 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 无线网络中的定位
CN1744763A (zh) * 2005-09-30 2006-03-08 上海贝豪通讯电子有限公司 在td－scdma和wifi系统下的联合定位方法
CN101047983A (zh) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-03 华为技术有限公司 一种定位移动台的方法
CN104540221A (zh) * 2015-01-15 2015-04-22 哈尔滨工业大学 基于半监督sde算法的wlan室内定位方法
CN106159464A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2016-11-23 深圳前海科蓝通信有限公司 一种定向窄波选择智能天线系统

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112188385A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-05 天津工业大学 一种基于ap序列的缩小定位区域的室内定位方法
CN110727752A (zh) * 2019-10-10 2020-01-24 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 位置指纹库处理方法、设备及计算机可读存储介质

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Moghtadaiee et al. Indoor location fingerprinting using FM radio signals
US20180227711A1 (en) Method and system for device positioning utilizing distributed transceivers with array processing
KR101842565B1 (ko) 관리되지 않는 네트워크에서의 액세스 포인트 위치 탐색 기법
US10809350B2 (en) Hybrid fingerprinting/OTDOA positioning techniques and systems
US11991734B2 (en) Fingerprinting enhancement with multi-band AoA measurements
Khan et al. Location awareness in 5G networks using RSS measurements for public safety applications
TW201305589A (zh) 無線區域網路定位方法及設備
CN111527778A (zh) 用于配置与多个AoA定位关联的信令的方法和装置
CN104144495B (zh) 一种基于方向传感器与wlan网络的指纹定位方法
CN114430814A (zh) 用于用户设备定位的方法、装置和计算机程序
Maddio et al. A scalable distributed positioning system augmenting WiFi technology
Sellami et al. Multi-stage localization for massive MIMO 5G systems
WO2019090527A1 (zh) 一种采用可重构天线进行室内定位的方法和装置
Tsai et al. Beam AoD-based indoor positioning for 60 GHz MmWave system
Machaj et al. Challenges introduced by heterogeneous devices for Wi‐Fi–based indoor localization
Eleftherakis et al. SPRING+: Smartphone Positioning from a Single WiFi Access Point
Sellami et al. Neighbor-assisted localization for massive MIMO 5G systems
Moghtadaiee et al. Indoor positioning based on fm signals and wi-fi signals
Gui et al. Performance analysis of indoor localization based on channel state information ranging model
US20230358850A1 (en) Position Determination of a Wireless Device
WO2023036448A1 (en) Ris-based localization method and system empowered by a joint bs-ris beam alignment
Gschwandtner et al. Spontaneous privacy-friendly indoor positioning using enhanced WLAN beacons
Wang et al. Arpap: A novel antenna-radiation-pattern-aware power-based positioning in rf system
CN114339600B (zh) 一种基于5g信号和声波信号的电子设备室内定位系统和方法
Riden et al. DeePOE: Deep learning for position and orientation estimation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17931414

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17931414

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1