WO2019086549A1 - Ensembles de barres-bus à profil mince et systèmes de chauffage reliés électriquement à ceux-ci - Google Patents

Ensembles de barres-bus à profil mince et systèmes de chauffage reliés électriquement à ceux-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019086549A1
WO2019086549A1 PCT/EP2018/079892 EP2018079892W WO2019086549A1 WO 2019086549 A1 WO2019086549 A1 WO 2019086549A1 EP 2018079892 W EP2018079892 W EP 2018079892W WO 2019086549 A1 WO2019086549 A1 WO 2019086549A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
busbar assembly
busbars
heating element
veil
busbar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/079892
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Sajic
Original Assignee
Laminaheat Holding Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laminaheat Holding Ltd. filed Critical Laminaheat Holding Ltd.
Priority to US16/220,998 priority Critical patent/US20190137115A1/en
Publication of WO2019086549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019086549A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R25/00—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits
    • H01R25/14—Rails or bus-bars constructed so that the counterparts can be connected thereto at any point along their length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/06—Riveted connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/034—Heater using resistive elements made of short fibbers of conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • floor-heating products consist of either bulky electrical wires (which provide resistive heating) or bulky liquid tubes (which provide hydronic heating) installed between the floor and the sub-floor.
  • Installation of a heated floor thus required the homeowner to install either the bulky electrical wires or liquid tubes directly onto the sub-floor, with the flooring material (e.g. tile, hardwood, etc. ) installed on top of the electrical wires or liquid tubes.
  • the heating elements i.e. the wires or tubes
  • the wires or tubes are placed well below the floor surface, due to the thickness of the flooring itself.
  • the heat produced by the wires or the liquid filled tubes takes a long time to heat the actual walking surface of the floor. Therefore, this process is not energy efficient and creates a long lag time between activating the heater and the flooring actually reaching the desired temperature.
  • One aspect of the invention comprises, a busbar assembly, comprising at least two busbars, each busbar comprising a conductive metal having a rectangular cross section having a ratio of width to thickness greater than 10, and a matrix of insulation connecting the at least two busbars together.
  • the ratio of width to thickness may be greater than 13.3, or in thin-profile embodiments, greater than 100, preferably in a range of 100-700, and more preferably in a range of 150-600.
  • the conductive metal may comprise copper and the matrix of insulation may comprises PVC.
  • the conductive metal may have a thickness T in a range of 50 micron to 200 microns, and a width W in a range of 10-80 mm, and may be sandwiched between opposing sheets of insulating film having a thickness in a range of 50-200 microns.
  • the insulating film and the conductive metal may be laminated together.
  • At least one additional layer may be disposed over at least one of the opposing sheets of insulating film.
  • the additional layer may comprise a non-woven scrim comprising PETV or other material for characteristically promoting bonding of the busbar assembly to plaster or cement.
  • the additional layer may comprise a contact adhesive, such as a contact adhesive covered by a removable covering.
  • the heating system comprises at least one carbon veil heating element comprising at least two electrically conductive veil busbars spaced apart from one another, a connector busbar assembly comprising at least two connector electrical busbars connected to the at least two veil busbars, and a controller electrically connected to the connector busbars configured to apply electrical current to the connector busbars sufficient to cause the at least one carbon veil heating element to produce heat in a portion thereof located between the veil busbars.
  • the connector busbar assembly comprises the connector electrical busbars and a matrix of insulation connecting the connector busbars together.
  • the connector busbars comprising a conductive metal having a rectangular cross section with a width and a thickness in which a ratio of the width to the thickness is greater than 10.
  • the carbon veil heating element may be disposed on or in a surface of a building, such as a floor, a wall, or a ceiling, and the connector busbar assembly may be disposed on or in the same surface as the heating element or on or in a surface different from but adjacent to the surface as the heating element.
  • the connector electrical busbars may be connected to the veil busbars via one or more fasteners, each fastener protruding through and electrically connecting one electrical busbar in the connector busbar assembly to one electrical busbar in the heating element.
  • Another aspect of the invention comprises a method of installing any of the heating systems described herein, comprising disposing at least one carbon veil heating element on or in a floor, wall or ceiling, and connecting the at least one carbon veil heating element to the busbar assembly.
  • One method for installing a heating system comprises the steps of (a) mounting at least one carbon veil heating element on or in a surface, the heating element comprising at least two electrically conductive veil busbars spaced apart from one another, (b) electrically connecting a connector busbar assembly to the veil busbars, and (c) electrically connecting the connector busbar assembly to a controller configured to apply electrical current to the connector busbar assembly sufficient to cause the at least one carbon veil heating element to produce heat in a portion thereof located between the veil busbars.
  • the connector busbar assembly comprises at least two connector busbars and a matrix of insulation connecting the at least two connector busbars together, the connector busbars comprising a conductive metal having a rectangular cross section with a width and a thickness in which a ratio of the width to the thickness is greater than 10.
  • the method may further comprise covering the carbon veil heating element and the busbar assembly by plaster or cement, and disposing a covering over the plaster or cement.
  • the step of connecting the carbon veil heating element to the busbar assembly may comprise penetrating the carbon veil heating element and the busbar assembly with a conductive fastener.
  • the method may further comprise disposing a non-conductive covering, such as insulating tape or a polymeric or elastomeric sealant, over at least a portion of the conductive fastener disposed on and protruding from on an outermost surface of the connected heating element and busbar assembly.
  • FIG. 1A shows a magnified image of the carbon fibers in an exemplary carbon veil heating element.
  • FIG. IB depicts an exemplary carbon veil heating element.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional comparison view of a flooring product having both a carbon veil heating element and a conventional wire/pipe heating element.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional comparison view of a flooring product having a heating element installed below the floor and a carbon veil embedded just below the surface.
  • FIG. 4 shows an energy graph of the energy consumed by the embedded carbon veil vs. a base heater installed below the flooring.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the control system for controlling the heated flooring product.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the operation of the system in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7A shows a first exemplary installation of an exemplary heated flooring product in which the floor busbars are recessed in the subfloor.
  • FIG. 7B shows a first exemplary fastener system for connecting floor busbars to veil busbars.
  • FIG. 7C shows a second exemplary fastener system for connecting floor busbars to veil busbars.
  • FIG. 7D shows an exemplary pattern having visual indicia usable by an installer to determine the alignment of the veil busbars in an exemplary heated flooring product.
  • FIG. 8 shows a second exemplary installation of an exemplary heated flooring product in which the floor busbars are positioned on or in the wall, behind a baseboard.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary system for manufacturing the heated flooring product.
  • FIG. 10A illustrates an exemplary busbar assembly for providing floor busbars.
  • FIG. 10B depicts a cross section of the exemplary busbar assembly of FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. IOC depicts a longitudinal section of two lengths of busbar assembly joined by an exemplary connector.
  • FIG. 10D depicts a longitudinal section of the exemplary connector of FIG. IOC.
  • FIG. 10E depicts a perspective view of the exemplary connector of FIG. 10D and portions of respective busbar to be connected.
  • FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary system for manufacturing an exemplary busbar assembly and connectors.
  • FIGS. 12A-12E depict an exemplary thin-profile busbar assembly.
  • One aspect of the invention comprises a flooring product comprising an embedded electrically conductive nonwoven carbon veil.
  • the carbon veil is constructed of electrically conductive material, such as discontinuous nonwoven carbon fiber, such as is described in PCT/IB2016/000095, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the carbon veil may be formed by wet laid manufacturing methods from conductive fibers (specifically carbon), non-conductive fibers (glass, etc.), one or more binder polymers and optional flame-retardants. Preferred lengths of the fibers are in a range of 6mm to 12 mm, but may vary.
  • Exemplary binder polymers may include polyvinyl alcohol, co-polyester, crosslink polyester, acrylic and polyurethane.
  • Exemplary flame retard ant binders may include polyamide and epoxy.
  • Suitable wet laid techniques for forming the carbon veil may comprise a state of the art continuous manufacturing process.
  • the amount of conductive fiber required depends upon the type of conductive fiber chosen, the voltage and power that will be applied to the fiber, and a physical size/configuration of the heating element.
  • Carbon veils are beneficial for use in heating products in consumer applications
  • FIG. 1A Shown in FIG. 1A is a magnified photograph of a representative portion of an exemplary nonwoven fiber carbon veil that is well suited in connection with the claimed invention.
  • the fiber sheet comprises a plurality of individual, substantially straight untangled fibers all of which fall within a specified range of length (e.g., 6-12 mm).
  • each individual fiber of the nonwoven sheet is desirably in contact with one or more other individual fibers as part of a nonwoven structure of the sheet
  • ideal contact differs from entanglement in that entanglement typically involves two or more fibers wound around each other along a longitudinal axis of fibers, whereas preferred contact comprises straight, unentangled fibers having multiple points of contact with other straight unentangled fibers.
  • FIG. I B Shown in Fig . I B is a top view of an exemplary heating element 100 comprising a carbon veil comprising electrically conductive veil busbar strips 204 and 208, which busbars typically comprise a copper layer coating over the carbon veil, and section 206 located between the busbars.
  • electrical connectors are typically connected to each of the veil busbars to apply a voltage across the busbars that produces an electrical current flowing through the veil, which current causes section 206 to evenly generate heat resulting from the electrical resistance of section 206.
  • the carbon veil heating element may be manufactured at generally any size (length, width, and at any thickness, but preferably with a thickness of less than 1 mm, and more preferably with a thickness of ⁇ 40 ⁇ , and having a weight of ⁇ 50 g/m2.
  • the extremely low weight and thickness makes the carbon veil non-invasive such that it does not change the properties of a product into which it is embedded .
  • the veil is porous, it lends itself to being embedded in products in which the product matrix impregnates the veil, such as in flooring products (e.g . vinyl, PVC, or other polymer flooring sheet products, linoleum, underlayment for tile, hardwood, carpet, etc. ).
  • the characteristics of the veil are particularly beneficial for use in flooring applications comprising thin sheeting products, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring, which is typically only between 3mm and 4 mm thick.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the minimal thickness of the carbon veil permits it to be embedded just below the surface of the flooring (i.e. , close to the walking surface). Embedding the carbon veil just below the walking surface of the flooring minimizes heat up time and energy consumption.
  • a comparison between exemplary installations of a conventional electric wire/liquid tubing heater and an exemplary embedded carbon veil is illustrated relative to a cross section of a floor structure 210 depicted in FIG. 2.
  • electrical wires and/or tubing 212 are shown installed between subfloor 218 and the flooring section 216.
  • the wires/tubes are buried a significant distance below the surface of the flooring section 216 and by their very nature constitute relatively hotter linear portions defined by each of the wires/tubes separated by relatively less hot spaces between the wires/tubes.
  • carbon veil 214 is embedded just below the floor surface and evenly covers an entire area Al .
  • the carbon veil produces heat Q over surface area A2, which is transferred to the ambient air by convection.
  • the equation for computing heat Q generated by the embedded carbon veil is described in equations 1 and 2 below.
  • Ta ambient air temp
  • AD surface area heating element
  • Tables 1 and 2 below show a comparison between the characteristics of embedded carbon veil 214 and wires/tubes 212 shown in FIG. 2, based upon known characteristics of the Applicant's Power Film product, which comprises a coated carbon veil.
  • the basic advantages of using an embedded carbon veil are not materially changed versus the Power Film product.
  • the temperature of the heating element for the embedded veil only has to reach a temperature of 33°C, whereas the tubes 212 must reach a temperature of 49°C and the electric wires 212 must reach a temperature of 81°C to achieve the same temperature of 21°C at the heated floor surface.
  • heating the floor to a desired temperature with an embedded carbon veil just below the floor surface only requires heating the carbon veil to a much lower temperature than the electric cable and/or the water heating tubes, the carbon veil based system consumes much less power.
  • each busbar assembly may be connected to a power supply via cables 1280, 1281.
  • busbar 1218 connects via cable 1280 to the positive pole of a power supply
  • busbar 1219 connects via cable 1281 to the negative pole of a power supply.
  • the power supply may be any type of power supply known in the art, preferable a power supply configured to provide applied voltages in the range of 24 to 400 volts of AC or DC.
  • the connection between the cables 1280, and 1281 may be made by any type of connector known in the art, but in the simple example shown in FIGS.
  • cables 1280, 1281 are crimp connected to respective fittings 1273, 1274, which are configured to receive bolts 1270, 1271 secured with nuts 1277, 1278 and washers 1275, 1276.
  • the invention is not limited to any type of connectors or wiring harnesses, however, and any number of low-profile quick connectors may be devised for easier assembly of flooring systems.
  • the connectors and any exposed conductive metal may be covered with a non-conductive material, such as insulating tape.
  • the thin-profile busbar assemblies as depicted herein may be used to convey electrical power and/or electrical signals to any type of installation instead of standard round core electrical power cables widely used for this purpose.
  • the thin-profile busbar assemblies are particularly useful for connecting heating systems, such as floor heating systems used in heated buildings for the building/construction industries and other market segments.
  • the thin-profile design provides better heat dissipation than round cables, because there is more surface area for a given volume of conductive material. This larger surface area permits the flat conductive (typically copper) bus bars in the thin-profile busbar assembly to carry a higher current level or ampacity for a given temperature rise and for conductors of a given cross section.
  • the thin-profile busbar assemblies described herein use less copper (e.g. typically up to 250% less) for the same ampacity compared to round cable
  • the second film may be removed.
  • one or both of the peelable layers can be left intact.
  • the ratio of busbar width to thickness in the thin-profile busbar assembly embodiment is greater than 100, and preferably in a range of 100-700, and more preferably in a range of 150-600.
  • the overall track width to track thickness is also preferably over 100, preferably over 150, and more preferably in a range of 150-300.
  • the rated amperage per sqmm of cross sectional area of the busbar (which
  • the insulated busbars or assemblies thereof may be manufactured in a continuous length and cut to length as required.
  • Metal electrical busbars typically 2 or 3 with pure aluminium grade or pure copper electrical grade materials of construction.
  • Busbars may be integrated in busbar assembly, as described above, or may be individually coated with insulation, such as an extruded polymer sheath.
  • the busbars, whether integrated together in a busbar assembly, or separately, may be manufactured in a continuous length and cut to length as required.
  • Metal rivets or RIVNUT ® brand metal fasteners aluminum or stainless steel, 5mm dia x 12mm long typical. CSK or flat head type. Protruding features of the fasteners are preferably insulated or isolated from where they might pose a risk of shock or current drain, either by the materials of construction of the subfloor and flooring materials, or by other means, such as an insulating tape covering, not shown.
  • rivet fasteners may be used in conjunction with recesses in the subfloor and may be covered by the laminated flooring to electrically isolate the fasteners, and bolts may be screwed into an insulating bolt fastener, and may be countersunk, as shown in Fig. 7C.
  • markings on the upper surface may be more preferably, and may be marked in a temporary or removable form, such as in an ink that is easily removed by washing with water or a floor cleaning solution, or in a floor covering having a permanent pattern or design thereon, aligned with a portion of the pattern in an easily distinguishable way.
  • lines 730 may comprise temporary or removable markings on the upper surface of the flooring product, marking the centeriine of each veil busbar 720 and 722 (hidden location of busbars shown in dashed lines). The installer may know from the spacing which is positive and which is negative, or the markings may further include a marking that indicates polarity.
  • the flooring product may have a permanent marking on the underside.
  • a pattern of the flooring may mark the location of the veil busbars.
  • each black square in an otherwise white and gray checked pattern may indicate the locations of the centerlines of the veil busbars as corresponding to the lines dividing the gray and white squares that align with the black square.
  • Carbon veils and thin-profile busbar assemblies may be inserted into very thin products that traditional wires/tubes cannot typically accommodate.
  • the carbon veil and thin-profile busbar assemblies do not add any significant thickness to the overall product and do not negatively affect installation of the product.
  • the carbon veil due to its nonwoven structure, always maintains a constant resistance regardless of the size of the veil . This is an additional benefit relative to standard electrical wires, which have a non-uniform resistance, in which the resistance increases with the wire length .
  • liquid filled tubes also provide uneven heating over their length, because the liquid temperature drops over the length of the tube as heat dissipates along the run.
  • the thin-profile busbar assemblies as described herein are especially well suited to bonding to a substrate, because of their large bonding area, and in particular in embodiments comprising a surface scrim of PET on the bonding surface.
  • the subject systems are suitable for installation on or in any type of surface, including but not limited to floors, walls, and ceilings.
  • the busbar assembly may be mounted on the same surface as the heating elements or on any surface adjacent thereto.
  • the heating elements may be on a wall, and the connecting busbar assembly in the floor or the ceiling, or for heating elements in the ceiling, the busbar assembly may be mounted on the wall.
  • the busbar assembly and the heating elements may all be mounted to the same surface.
  • the thin-profile busbar assembly and connected planar heating elements may be mounted to the surface with an adhesive, such as an adhesive designed for bonding to plaster and concrete with long term durability in the building construction applications, and then covered over with plaster, wallpaper, fabric, paint, or the like.
  • an adhesive such as an adhesive designed for bonding to plaster and concrete with long term durability in the building construction applications
  • a thin coating of plaster 1-1.5 mm thick may be applied over the heater, and then wallpaper or paint is applied over the plaster.
  • Embodiments of the heater and thin-profile busbar assembly incorporating a polyester scrim non-woven material as an outer layer are particularly compatible with plaster /concrete substrates.
  • the maximum temperature of the heater is limited to 45 degrees C, which avoids detrimental effects to wallpaper, paint, or other coverings over the plaster.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble de barres-bus comprenant au moins deux barres-bus, chacune comprenant un métal conducteur ayant une section transversale rectangulaire qui présente un rapport de largeur à épaisseur supérieur à 10, ou plus préférablement supérieur à 100, et une matrice d'isolation qui connecte les deux barres-bus l'une à l'autre. Dans certains modes de réalisation à profil mince, le film isolant et le métal conducteur sont stratifiés ensemble et l'ensemble comprend au moins une couche supplémentaire, telle qu'un canevas non tissé ou un adhésif de contact. L'invention concerne également des systèmes de chauffage comprenant des éléments chauffants sous forme de voile de carbone reliés à l'ensemble de barres-bus, tels que des éléments de fixation pénétrants conducteurs, et des installations de tels systèmes sur une surface, par exemple un plancher, un mur ou un plafond, ainsi que des procédés d'installation de telles installations.
PCT/EP2018/079892 2016-06-14 2018-10-31 Ensembles de barres-bus à profil mince et systèmes de chauffage reliés électriquement à ceux-ci WO2019086549A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/220,998 US20190137115A1 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-12-14 Embedded carbon veil heating systems and installation methods

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US201762579472P 2017-10-31 2017-10-31
US62/579,472 2017-10-31

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2017/000870 Continuation-In-Part WO2017216631A2 (fr) 2016-06-14 2017-06-14 Produits à éléments chauffants à voile de carbone intégré

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US16/220,998 Continuation US20190137115A1 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-12-14 Embedded carbon veil heating systems and installation methods

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WO2024047254A1 (fr) * 2022-09-02 2024-03-07 Nexgen Heating Limited Film de chauffage d'espace

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EP2596293A1 (fr) * 2010-07-22 2013-05-29 Thermo Engineering S.r.l. Dispositif de chauffage
WO2016113633A1 (fr) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-21 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Élément chauffant en tissu

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