WO2019085785A1 - 碟式光热发电系统 - Google Patents

碟式光热发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085785A1
WO2019085785A1 PCT/CN2018/111264 CN2018111264W WO2019085785A1 WO 2019085785 A1 WO2019085785 A1 WO 2019085785A1 CN 2018111264 W CN2018111264 W CN 2018111264W WO 2019085785 A1 WO2019085785 A1 WO 2019085785A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
power generation
heat storage
pipeline
dish
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PCT/CN2018/111264
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾智勇
李珂
崔小敏
Original Assignee
深圳市爱能森科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019085785A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085785A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/062—Parabolic point or dish concentrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of solar power generation technology, and more particularly to a dish type photothermal power generation system.
  • solar thermal power generation has four types of systems: trough, tower, dish (disc), and Fresnel.
  • the dish-type solar high-temperature power generation technology This system can be operated independently. As a small power source without electricity and remote areas, several to dozens of devices can be connected in parallel to form a small solar thermal power generation system. station.
  • the dish-type solar thermal power generation system has a large concentration ratio, high system efficiency, compact structure, convenient installation, large or small scale, flexible layout, high power generation efficiency, low site requirements, low water consumption, and low environmental pollution.
  • the dish-type CSP system not only compensates for the shortcomings of the tower-type solar thermal power generation system, but also has the performance advantages unmatched by the trough-type solar thermal power generation system.
  • the traditional Stirling power generation mode has high cost, and has no heat storage system. It has abundant solar energy resources, can be regenerated, and has no pollution to the environment. However, it has shortcomings such as low energy density and large variation with time, affecting the utilization rate of solar energy; When the sun is weak or covered with heavy snow, the amount of solar energy collected by the concentrating disc does not reach the level of engine operation, and it is impossible to achieve all-weather power supply and waste energy. Due to frequent shutdowns, the life expectancy of power generation equipment is greater than that of continuous operation units, and the unit's power generation efficiency is lower than that of continuous operation units of the same capacity and parameters.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a dish-type photothermal power generation system to solve the technical problem that the dish-type solar thermal power generation system existing in the prior art cannot store heat energy, heat energy is easily lost, and power supply cannot be all-weather.
  • the technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a dish type photothermal power generation system including at least one concentrating heat collecting device for collecting heat, and a heating pipe and a heat storage tube which are connected in parallel to the rear of the concentrating heat collecting device. And a power generating device connected to the rear of the heating pipe and the heat storage pipe, wherein the heating pipe and the heat storage pipe are connected to the power generating device through a heat exchange device, and the heating pipe is provided with heat supply a hot salt tank and a heating control valve for controlling opening and closing of the heating pipeline, wherein the heat storage pipeline is provided with a cold salt tank for storing heat and a heat storage control valve for controlling opening and closing of the heat storage pipeline,
  • the medium in the hot salt tank and the cold salt tank is a molten salt.
  • the concentrating heat collecting device comprises a concentrating mirror and a heat collector, the collector is located at a focus of the concentrating mirror, and the heat collector and the heating pipe are respectively The heat storage pipeline is connected.
  • a heat collecting tube is disposed in the heat collector, and a heat conductive medium hydrogen or helium gas is disposed inside the heat collecting tube, and the heat collecting tube is respectively connected to the heat supply pipeline and the heat storage pipeline.
  • the heat exchange device is a steam generator.
  • a water supply system is further connected to the rear of the steam generator, and the water supply system includes a water storage tank, a water supply pipe connecting the steam generator and the water storage tank, and a feed water pump located on the water supply pipe.
  • the power generating device includes a steam turbine and a generator, one end of which is connected to the heat exchange device and the other end is connected to the generator.
  • an insulation layer is further disposed outside the heating pipeline and the heat storage pipeline.
  • the present invention provides a dish-type photothermal power generation system with a heat storage system that is energy-saving and environmentally friendly and capable of realizing all-weather power generation, and uses a high-low temperature heat storage medium, that is, a hot salt tank and a cold salt tank, to generate electricity for step storage of heat. .
  • the working process is to first collect and transfer heat through the concentrating heat collecting device. When the sun is sufficient, the system collects heat through the concentrating heat collecting device, and heats the molten salt in the hot salt tank, and the molten salt at high temperature passes through The heat exchange device transmits heat to the power generation device for power generation to generate electricity.
  • the minimum operating temperature of the hot salt tank while driving the power generation unit to generate electricity, overcomes the limitations of day and night changes in the sun and weather changes, enabling efficient and controllable solar energy utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dish type photothermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentrating heat collecting device of a dish type photothermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of “a plurality” and “a plurality of” are two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the dish type photothermal power generation system includes at least one concentrating heat collecting device 1 for collecting heat, and a heating circuit 2 and a heat storage line 11 connected in parallel to the rear of the concentrating heat collecting device 1 and connected thereto.
  • a heat generating device 1 and a power generating device at the rear of the heat storage pipe 11 wherein the heat supply pipe 2 and the heat storage pipe 11 are connected to the power generating device via a heat exchange device 5, and the heating pipe 2 is provided for supplying a hot hot salt tank 4 and a heating control valve 3 for controlling the opening and closing of the heating pipe 2, on which the cold salt tank 10 for storing heat is provided and for controlling the heat storage line 11
  • the heat storage control valve 12 is opened and closed, and the medium in the hot salt tank 4 and the cold salt tank 10 is a molten salt.
  • the present invention provides a dish-type photothermal power generation system with a heat storage system that is energy-saving and environmentally friendly and capable of realizing all-weather power generation, and uses a high-low temperature heat storage medium, that is, a hot salt tank 4 and a cold salt tank 10, to generate electricity for heat generation.
  • Step storage The working process is to first collect and transfer heat through the concentrating heat collecting device 1. When the sun is sufficient, the system collects heat through the concentrating heat collecting device 1, and heats the molten salt in the hot salt tank 4, and the high temperature The molten salt is transferred to the power generating device through the heat exchange device 5, and the power generating device generates electricity.
  • the molten salt temperature is lowered, the molten salt is returned to the cold salt tank 10 for heat storage; when the light is weak or rainy weather, the cold salt tank 10 is stored.
  • the heat is released, maintaining the minimum operating temperature of the hot salt tank 4, and simultaneously driving the power generation device to generate electricity, which overcomes the limitations of daylight changes and weather changes of the sun, and achieves efficient and controllable solar energy utilization, on the one hand, energy can be stepped Utilize, on the one hand, overcome the instability of solar energy day and night and weather changes, achieve stable, continuous operation, and reduce investment.
  • the concentrating heat collecting device 1 includes a concentrating mirror 40 and a heat collector.
  • the heat collector is located at a focus of the concentrating mirror 40, and the heat collector is respectively connected to the heating pipeline 2 and the heat storage pipeline 11; the collector is provided with a heat collecting tube, The heat collecting tube is internally provided with a heat transfer medium of hydrogen or helium gas, and the heat collecting tubes are respectively connected to the heat supply line 2 and the heat storage line 11.
  • the above structural design changes the form of the conventional Stirling engine at the intersection of the original concentrating mirrors, but hangs the collector, collects the heat through the heat collecting tube and the heat transfer medium, and collects the heat to the hot salt tank 4 and the cold.
  • the concentrating heat collecting device 1 is simpler and more compact in design, and can efficiently collect solar energy, is not easy to be lost, maximizes the utilization of solar energy resources, reduces pollutant emissions, reduces the burning of fossil fuels, and promotes new ones. The use of energy to achieve low carbon and sustainable development.
  • the heat exchange device 5 is a steam generator, and the rear portion of the steam generator is also connected A water supply system including a water storage tank 8, a water supply pipe connecting the steam generator and the water storage tank 8, and a feed water pump 9 located on the water supply pipe.
  • the above device has simple structure design and reliable connection, and ensures reliable operation of the entire system.
  • the power generation device includes a steam turbine 6 and a generator 7 , and one end of the steam turbine 6 is exchanged with the heat exchange.
  • the device 5 is connected and the other end is connected to the generator 7.
  • an insulation layer is further disposed on the outside of the heating pipeline 2 and the heat storage pipeline 11 .
  • the loss during heat transfer is reduced, and the insulation layer is electrically entangled.
  • the above electric heat tracing method makes the temperature gradient small and the heat stabilization time is long, and is suitable for long-term use, and the required heat (electric power) is much lower than electric heating; the electric heat tracing has high thermal efficiency, saves energy, and has simple design and construction. Easy installation, no pollution, long service life, remote control and automatic control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种碟式光热发电系统，包括至少一个用于收集热量的聚光集热装置(1)、并列连接于聚光集热装置(1)后部的供热管路(2)和储热管路(11)以及连接于供热管路(2)和储热管路(11)后部的发电装置，供热管路(2)和储热管路(11)通过热交换装置(5)与发电装置连接，在供热管路(2)上设有用于供热的热盐罐(4)和用于控制供热管路(2)开闭的供热控制阀(3)，在储热管路(11)上设有冷盐罐(10)和储热控制阀(12)，热盐罐(4)和冷盐罐(10)内的介质为熔盐。该碟式光热发电系统节能、环保且能实现全天候发电，带储热系统，克服了阳光昼夜变化和天气变化的局限，实现太阳能利用的高效和可控。

Description

碟式光热发电系统 技术领域
本申请属于太阳能发电技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种碟式光热发电系统。
 背景技术
一般来说，太阳能光热发电形式有槽式、塔式、碟式（盘式）、菲涅尔式四种系统。目前，最具发展潜力的是碟式太阳能高温发电技术，这种系统可以独立运行，作为无电、边远地区的小型电源，也可把数台至数十台装置并联起来，组成小型太阳能热发电站。碟式太阳能光热发电系统聚光比大，系统效率高，结构紧凑，安装方便，规模可大可小、具有布局灵活、发电效率高、场地要求低、耗水量少、环境污染小等优点。碟式光热发电系统既弥补了塔式太阳能热发电系统的不足，同时也具有槽式太阳能热发电系统无法比拟的性能优势。
传统的斯特林发电模式成本较高，而且没有储热系统，太阳能资源丰富，可再生，对环境无污染，但是存在能量密度低、随时间变化大等缺点，影响太阳能的利用率；阴雨天气时，太阳光线比较弱或大雪覆盖情况下，聚光碟收集的太阳能量达不到发动机运作的程度，不能实现全天候供电，且造成能源的浪费。由于频繁开停机，发电设备的寿命消耗大于连续运行机组，机组发电效率低于同容量、参数的连续运行机组。
 技术问题
本申请的目的在于提供一种碟式光热发电系统，以解决现有技术中存在的碟式太阳能光热发电系统不能储存热能、热能易流失，不能全天候供电的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本申请采用的技术方案是：提供一种碟式光热发电系统，包括至少一个用于收集热量的聚光集热装置、并列连接于聚光集热装置后部的供热管路和储热管路以及连接于供热管路和储热管路后部的发电装置，所述供热管路和储热管路通过热交换装置与发电装置连接，在所述供热管路上设有用于供热的热盐罐和用于控制供热管路开闭的供热控制阀，在所述储热管路上设有用于储热的冷盐罐和用于控制储热管路开闭的储热控制阀，所述热盐罐和冷盐罐内的介质为熔盐。
进一步地，所述聚光集热装置包括聚光反射镜和集热器，所述集热器位于所述聚光反射镜的焦点处，所述集热器分别与所述供热管路和储热管路连接。
进一步地，所述集热器内设有集热管，在集热管内部设有导热介质氢气或者氦气，所述集热管分别与所述供热管路和储热管路连接。
进一步地，所述热交换装置为蒸汽发生器。
进一步地，所述蒸汽发生器的后部还连接有供水系统，所述供水系统包括储水箱、连接所述蒸汽发生器与储水箱的供水管道以及位于供水管道上的给水泵。
进一步地，所述发电装置包括汽轮机和发电机，所述汽轮机的一端与所述热交换装置连接，另一端与所述发电机连接。
进一步地，在所述供热管路和储热管路的外部还设有保温层。
 有益效果
本申请提供一种节能环保且能实现全天候发电的、带储热系统的碟式光热发电系统，其利用高低温储热介质即热盐罐和冷盐罐，进行发电，进行热量的阶梯储存。工作过程为首先通过聚光集热装置收集和传递热量，当太阳光照充足的情况下，本系统通过聚光集热装置收集热量，对热盐罐内的熔盐进行加热，高温的熔盐经过热交换装置将热量传动至发电装置，供发电装置发电，熔盐温度降低后则流回冷盐罐，进行热量储存；当光线较弱或阴雨天气时，冷盐罐储存的热量进行释放，保持热盐罐的最低运作温度，同时推动发电装置发电，其克服了阳光昼夜变化和天气变化的局限，实现太阳能利用的高效和可控。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的碟式光热发电系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的碟式光热发电系统的聚光集热装置结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”、“若干个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
请参阅图1所示，现对本申请提供的碟式光热发电系统进行说明。所述碟式光热发电系统，包括至少一个用于收集热量的聚光集热装置1、并列连接于聚光集热装置1后部的供热管路2和储热管路11以及连接于供热管路1和储热管11路后部的发电装置，所述供热管路2和储热管路11通过热交换装置5与发电装置连接，在所述供热管路2上设有用于供热的热盐罐4和用于控制供热管路2开闭的供热控制阀3，在所述储热管路11上设有用于储热的冷盐罐10和用于控制储热管路11开闭的储热控制阀12，所述热盐罐4和冷盐罐10内的介质为熔盐。
本申请提供一种节能环保且能实现全天候发电的、带储热系统的碟式光热发电系统，其利用高低温储热介质即热盐罐4和冷盐罐10，进行发电，进行热量的阶梯储存。工作过程为首先通过聚光集热装置1收集和传递热量，当太阳光照充足的情况下，本系统通过聚光集热装置1收集热量，对热盐罐4内的熔盐进行加热，高温的熔盐经过热交换装置5将热量传动至发电装置，供发电装置发电，熔盐温度降低后则流回冷盐罐10，进行热量储存；当光线较弱或阴雨天气时，冷盐罐10储存的热量进行释放，保持热盐罐4的最低运作温度，同时推动发电装置发电，其克服了阳光昼夜变化和天气变化的局限，实现太阳能利用的高效和可控，一方面可以实现能量的阶梯化利用，一方面克服太阳能昼夜和天气变化的不稳定性，实现稳定、持续运行，降低投资。
进一步地，请参阅图1和图2所示，作为本申请提供的碟式光热发电系统的一种具体实施方式，所述聚光集热装置1包括聚光反射镜40和集热器，所述集热器位于所述聚光反射镜40的焦点处，所述集热器分别与所述供热管路2和储热管路11连接；所述集热器内设有集热管，在集热管内部设有导热介质氢气或者氦气，所述集热管分别与所述供热管路2和储热管路11连接。
上述结构设计，改变了原有的聚光反射镜交点处悬挂传统的斯特林发动机的形式，而是悬挂集热器，通过集热管与导热介质，将热量集中收集到热盐罐4和冷盐罐10内，使得聚光集热装置1设计更简单、紧凑，又能高效收集太阳能，不易流失，最大限度的利用太阳能资源，降低污染物的排放，减少了化石燃料的燃烧，促进了新能源的利用，实现低碳、可持续发展。
进一步地，请参阅图1所示，作为本申请提供的碟式光热发电系统的一种具体实施方式，所述热交换装置5为蒸汽发生器，所述蒸汽发生器的后部还连接有供水系统，所述供水系统包括储水箱8、连接所述蒸汽发生器与储水箱8的供水管道以及位于供水管道上的给水泵9。
上述装置，结构设计简单，连接可靠，保证整个系统的可靠运行。
进一步地，参阅图1所示，作为本申请提供的碟式光热发电系统的一种具体实施方式，所述发电装置包括汽轮机6和发电机7，所述汽轮机6的一端与所述热交换装置5连接，另一端与所述发电机7连接。
进一步地，请参阅图1所示，作为本申请提供的碟式光热发电系统的一种具体实施方式，在所述供热管路2和储热管路11的外部还设有保温层，能够减少热量传输过程中的损失，所述保温层采用电伴热缠绕。
上述电伴热缠绕的方式使得温度梯度小，热稳定时间较长，适合长期使用，其所需的热量(电功率)大大低于电加热；电伴热具有热效率高，节约能源，设计简单，施工安装方便，无污染，使用寿命长，能实现遥控和自动控制。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：包括至少一个用于收集热量的聚光集热装置、并列连接于聚光集热装置后部的供热管路和储热管路以及连接于供热管路和储热管路后部的发电装置，所述供热管路和储热管路通过热交换装置与发电装置连接，在所述供热管路上设有用于供热的热盐罐和用于控制供热管路开闭的供热控制阀，在所述储热管路上设有用于储热的冷盐罐和用于控制储热管路开闭的储热控制阀，所述热盐罐和冷盐罐内的介质为熔盐。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述聚光集热装置包括聚光反射镜和集热器，所述集热器位于所述聚光反射镜的焦点处，所述集热器分别与所述供热管路和储热管路连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述集热器内设有集热管，在集热管内部设有导热介质氢气或者氦气，所述集热管分别与所述供热管路和储热管路连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述热交换装置为蒸汽发生器。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述蒸汽发生器的后部还连接有供水系统，所述供水系统包括储水箱、连接所述蒸汽发生器与储水箱的供水管道以及位于供水管道上的给水泵。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述发电装置包括汽轮机和发电机，所述汽轮机的一端与所述热交换装置连接，另一端与所述发电机连接。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：在所述供热管路和储热管路的外部还设有保温层。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的碟式光热发电系统，其特征在于：所述保温层采用电伴热缠绕。
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