WO2019085437A1 - 一种无人机的天线结构及无人机 - Google Patents

一种无人机的天线结构及无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085437A1
WO2019085437A1 PCT/CN2018/086900 CN2018086900W WO2019085437A1 WO 2019085437 A1 WO2019085437 A1 WO 2019085437A1 CN 2018086900 W CN2018086900 W CN 2018086900W WO 2019085437 A1 WO2019085437 A1 WO 2019085437A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
circuit board
loop antenna
loop
structure according
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/086900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩天天
何其娟
金传
孙劲
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technologies for antennas, and more particularly to antenna structures on drones; the present invention also relates to a drone.
  • the data transmission and reception of the drone is completed by the wireless communication system, it is easily affected by the flight attitude and orientation during the flight. In order to ensure normal operation even when the shielding is severe and the equipment is tilted, the directionality of the antenna is especially important. .
  • the size of the airborne antenna should be small and the weight should be light.
  • the traditional UAV has a large antenna design pattern, large size, narrow radiation lobes, and is susceptible to metal around the antenna.
  • the interference of the device causes the radiation pattern of the antenna to be spurred, which cannot meet the demand of the drone for the radiation pattern, and thus the transmission and reception capability of the drone is seriously reduced.
  • an antenna structure of a drone including a body and an antenna assembly mounted on the body, the antenna assembly including a housing mounted on the body, and being mounted in the housing cavity And a circuit board substantially parallel to the body, the circuit board is provided with a feeding portion and a grounding portion, the body is electrically connected to the grounding portion of the circuit board; and further comprising an inner wall of the casing a loop antenna, the feeding point of the loop antenna is connected to a feeding portion of the circuit board, and a grounding point of the loop antenna is connected to a grounding portion of the circuit board;
  • the loop antenna is disposed at a terminal position of the circuit board, and the loop antenna and the circuit board are configured to form a dipole antenna in a horizontal direction;
  • the circuit board is located between the antenna and the body, and the loop antenna and the body are configured to form a dipole antenna in a vertical direction.
  • the loop antenna overlaps with an orthographic portion of the circuit board.
  • the loop antenna is parallel to the circuit board.
  • the size of the loop antenna is smaller than the size of the fuselage, and the antenna and the orthographic projection of the fuselage completely overlap.
  • the loop antennas are relatively distributed in a central region of the fuselage.
  • the housing is mounted on the top of the fuselage.
  • the housing includes a bottom case and a cover, and the loop antenna is disposed on an inner wall of the cover.
  • the cover body has a trapezoidal cross section
  • the loop antenna has a C-shape, and includes two extensions extending on opposite side walls of the cover body, and is disposed on the end surface of the cover body and two A joint where the same ends of the extensions are joined together.
  • the loop antenna is an FPC antenna, an LDS antenna or a ram antenna.
  • a drone comprising the antenna structure described above.
  • the body of the whole drone can be used as part of the antenna to participate in the radiation, thereby effectively reducing the interference of the large metal device in the drone on the performance of the antenna.
  • the design structure of the antenna has the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna, and the antenna pattern has a wide lobe, which satisfies the requirements of the UAV applying the antenna to the direction diagram, and ensures the signal transmission and reception capability of the UAV in different directions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a drone of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cover body and an antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna formed by an antenna and a circuit board.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna formed by an antenna and a body.
  • Figure 5 is a radiation pattern in the horizontal direction of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a radiation pattern in the vertical direction of Figure 3.
  • the invention provides an antenna structure of a drone, which has simple implementation method, good effect and wide beam pattern of the direction, optimizes the signal receiving effect of the drone in different directions, and ensures the signal transmission and reception of the drone in different directions. ability.
  • the antenna structure of the present invention includes a body 1 and an antenna assembly 2 mounted on the body 1.
  • the antenna assembly 2 can be mounted on the top or bottom of the fuselage 1 in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the antenna assembly 2 includes a housing that is mounted on the top of the fuselage, the housing preferably including a bottom case that is snapped together (not shown) and a cover 20, with reference to FIG. figure 2. After the bottom case and the cover body 20 are fastened together, a housing that can be assembled on the body 1 is formed.
  • a circuit board 22 is disposed in the inner cavity of the housing, which is approximately parallel to the top end surface of the body 1.
  • the circuit board 22 is provided with a feeding portion and a grounding portion.
  • the grounding portion is electrically connected to the body 1, for example, The wires are electrically connected together so that the entire body 1 can be used as a ground.
  • the antenna assembly 2 of the present invention further includes a loop antenna 21 located within the housing that can be attached to the inner wall of the cover 20.
  • the loop antenna 21 may be an FPC antenna, an LDS antenna, a ram antenna or the like which is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the loop antenna 21 when the loop antenna 21 employs an FPC antenna or a ram antenna, the loop antenna 21 can be directly attached to the inner wall of the cover body 20 by means of a glue material, a fixing post or a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the loop antenna 21 uses an LDS antenna, the loop antenna 21 can be formed on the inner wall of the cover 20 by the LDS technique, which will not be specifically described herein.
  • the cover body 20 has a trapezoidal structure in cross section
  • the loop antenna 21 has a C-shape, and includes two extending portions 211 extending on opposite side walls of the cover body 20, and is disposed on the cover.
  • a connecting portion 210 on the end face of the body 20 and connecting the same ends of the two extending portions 211 together.
  • the two extensions 211 and the connection portion 210 form a loop antenna 21 of a C-shaped structure.
  • a feed point 212 of the loop antenna 21 and a ground point 213 are formed at the free ends of the two extensions 211, respectively.
  • the feed point 212 and the ground point 213 extend from the position of the cover 20 toward the circuit board 22, so that the feed point 212 of the loop antenna 21 can be soldered to the feed portion of the circuit board 22, and the loop antenna 21 is connected.
  • the location 213 is soldered to the ground of the circuit board 22.
  • the distance between the loop antenna 21 and the circuit board 22 is preferably greater than 3 mm, which can improve the antenna performance, so that the antenna performance is better.
  • the loop antenna 21 is disposed at the end position of the circuit board 22.
  • the circuit board 22 can serve as the ground end of the antenna, so that the loop antenna 21 and the circuit board 22 can be configured to form a dipole antenna in the horizontal direction, refer to FIG. .
  • the radiation direction in the vertical direction is approximately omnidirectional radiation, see FIG.
  • the loop antenna 21 is entirely parallel to the circuit board 22, so that its omnidirectional view in the vertical direction is better.
  • the loop antenna 21 can also form a certain angle with respect to the circuit board 22. The larger the angle, the worse the omnidirectional pattern in the vertical direction.
  • Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate angle between the loop antenna 21 and the circuit board 22 according to the principle and its actual needs.
  • the antenna 21 of the present invention is preferably completely offset from the circuit board 22.
  • its omnidirectional view in the vertical direction is optimal.
  • the loop antenna 21 and the orthographic projection of the circuit board 22 may be overlapped.
  • the omnidirectional diagram in the vertical direction is better than the omnidirectional diagram of the structurally symmetric dipole antenna, but not Affect the actual application.
  • the circuit board 22 is located between the loop antenna 21 and the body 1, such that the loop antenna 21 and the body 1 are separated by a certain distance, and the body 1 passes through the ground portion of the circuit board 22 and the loop antenna 21.
  • the grounding point is turned on, which allows the body 1 to be used as an antenna, so that the loop antenna 21 and the body 1 can be configured to constitute a dipole antenna in the vertical direction, with reference to FIG.
  • the radiation direction in the horizontal direction is approximately omnidirectional radiation, refer to FIG. 5.
  • the size of the loop antenna 21 can be made smaller than the size of the body 1 without affecting the practical application, and the orthographic projection of the loop antenna 21 and the body 1 completely overlaps. It is further preferred that the loop antenna 21 can be disposed in the central portion of the body 1 such that the effect of omnidirectional radiation is better.
  • the body of the whole drone can be used as part of the antenna to participate in the radiation, thereby effectively reducing the interference of the large metal device in the drone on the performance of the antenna.
  • the design structure of the antenna has the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna, and the antenna pattern has a wide lobe, which satisfies the requirements of the UAV applying the antenna to the direction diagram, and ensures the signal transmission and reception capability of the UAV in different directions.
  • the antenna structure of the present invention can be applied to a drone.
  • the present invention also provides a drone comprising the antenna structure described above.
  • the camera unit 3 can also be disposed at the upper end of the UAV body 1. The image taken by the camera unit 3 can be transmitted to the ground through the antenna structure, and the ground unit can be controlled by the antenna structure. No longer specified.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

一种无人机的天线结构及无人机，包括安装在壳体内腔中且与机身（1）近似平行的电路板（22），机身（1）与电路板（22）的接地部电连接在一起；环形天线（21）的馈电点（212）连接在电路板（22）的馈电部上，环形天线（21）的接地点（213）连接在电路板（22）的接地部上；环形天线（21）设置在电路板（22）的端头位置，环形天线（21）与电路板（22）构成水平方向上的偶极天线；或电路板（22）位于环形天线（21）与机身（1）之间，环形天线（21）与机身（1）构成垂直方向上的偶极天线。本发明的天线结构，天线方向图波瓣宽，满足了应用该天线的无人机对方向图的要求，保证无人机在不同方位的信号收发能力。

Description

一种无人机的天线结构及无人机 技术领域
本发明涉及天线的通信技术领域，更具体地，本发明涉及无人机上的天线结构；本发明还涉及一种无人机。
背景技术
随着信息、电子等技术的发展，中小型无人机性能得到很大提升，应用范围逐步扩展，活动空间随之增大，这对无人机机载设备的图像、数据收发监测以及飞机安全飞行控制都提出了越来越高的要求。
由于无人机数据收发都是通过无线通讯系统完成，在飞行过程中容易受到飞行姿态和方位影响，为保证在遮挡较严重的地方以及设备倾斜飞行时也能正常工作，天线的方向性尤其重要。
考虑外形对无人机飞行性能的影响，机载天线的尺寸要小，重量要轻，传统无人机对对地天线设计形式，尺寸较大，辐射方向波瓣较窄，易受天线周围金属器件的干扰，导致天线的辐射方向图杂散，无法满足无人机对辐射方向图的需求，进而导致无人机的收发能力严重降低。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供了一种无人机的天线结构。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种无人机的天线结构，包括机身以及安装在机身上的天线组件，所述天线组件包括装配在机身上的壳体，以及安装在壳体内腔中且与机身近似平行的电路板，所述电路板上设置有馈电部以及接地部，所述机身与电路板的接地部电连接在一起；还包括贴设在所述壳体内壁的环形天线，所述环形天线的馈电点连接在电路板的馈电部上，所述环形天线的接地点连接在电路板的接地部上；
所述环形天线设置在电路板的端头位置，所述环形天线与电路板被配 置为构成水平方向上的偶极天线；
所述电路板位于天线与机身之间，所述环形天线与机身被配置为构成垂直方向上的偶极天线。
可选地，所述环形天线与电路板的正投影部分重叠在一起。
可选地，所述环形天线与电路板平行。
可选地，所述环形天线的尺寸小于机身的尺寸，且天线与机身的正投影完全重叠在一起。
可选地，所述环形天线相对分布在机身的中部区域。
可选地，所述壳体安装在机身的顶部。
可选地，所述壳体包括底壳以及盖体，所述环形天线设置在盖体的内壁上。
可选地，所述盖体的截面呈梯形，所述环形天线呈C字形，其包括在盖体相对两侧侧壁上延伸的两个延伸部，以及设置在盖体端面上且将两个延伸部的相同端连接在一起的连接部。
可选地，所述环形天线为FPC天线、LDS天线或者冲压天线。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种无人机，包括上述的天线结构。
本发明的天线结构，整体无人机的机身可以作为天线的一部分，参与到辐射中，有效降低了无人机内大的金属器件对天线性能的干扰。而且该天线的设计结构具有双极化天线的特点，天线方向图波瓣宽，满足了应用该天线的无人机对方向图的要求，保证无人机在不同方位的信号收发能力。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明无人机的结构示意图。
图2是本发明盖体和天线的结构示意图。
图3是天线与电路板形成偶极子天线的原理图。
图4是天线与机身形成偶极子天线的原理图。
图5是图4中水平方向上的辐射方向图。
图6是图3中垂直方向上的辐射方向图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提供了一种无人机的天线结构，其实现方法简单，效果好，方向图波束宽，优化了无人机在不同方位的信号接收效果，保证了无人机在不同方位的信号收发能力。
参考图1，本发明的天线结构包括机身1以及安装在机身1上的天线组件2。天线组件2可以以本领域技术人员所熟知的方式装配在机身1的顶部或者底部。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中，天线组件2包括装配在机身顶部的壳体，该壳体优选包括扣合在一起的底壳(视图未给出)以及盖体20，参考图1、图2。底壳与盖体20扣合在一起后，形成了可装配在机身1上的壳体。在壳体的内腔中设置有近似与机身1顶部端面平行的电路板22，电路板22上设置有馈电部以及接地部，该接地部与机身1电连接在一起，例 如可通过导线电连接在一起，使得整个机身1可以作为接地使用。
本发明的天线组件2还包括位于壳体内的环形天线21，其可贴覆在盖体20的内壁上。环形天线21可以采用本领域技术人员所熟知的FPC天线、LDS天线或者冲压天线等。
例如当环形天线21采用FPC天线或者冲压天线时，可以直接将环形天线21通过胶材、固定柱或者本领域技术人员所熟知的方式固定在盖体20的内壁上。当环形天线21采用LDS天线时，可通过LDS技术在盖体20的内壁上形成环形天线21，在此不再具体说明。
在本发明一个优选的实施方式中，盖体20的截面呈梯形结构，环形天线21呈C字形，其包括在盖体20相对两侧侧壁上延伸的两个延伸部211，以及设置在盖体20端面上且将两个延伸部211的相同端连接在一起的连接部210。两个延伸部211以及连接部210形成了C形结构的环形天线21。在两个延伸部211的自由端头分别形成了环形天线21的馈电点212以及接地点213。该馈电点212以及接地点213由盖体20的位置朝向电路板22的方向延伸，使得环形天线21的馈电点212可以与电路板22的馈电部焊接在一起，环形天线21的接地点213与电路板22的接地部焊接在一起。
环形天线21至电路板22的距离优选大于3mm，可以提高天线性能，使得天线性能较佳。环形天线21设置在电路板22的端头位置，此时，电路板22可以作为天线的接地端，使得环形天线21与电路板22可以被配置为构成水平方向上的偶极天线，参考图3。此时，该垂直方向上辐射方向近似全向辐射，参考图6。
在该实施例中，环形天线21整体与电路板22平行，使其在垂直方向上的全向图较好。但是由于结构的限制，环形天线21也可以相对电路板22呈一定的夹角，该夹角越大，则其在垂直方向上的全向图则越差。本领域技术人员根据该原理及其实际需要，可自行选择环形天线21与电路板22之间的合适角度。
本发明的天线21优选与电路板22完全错开。在该情况下，其在垂直方向上的全向图是最佳的。但是由于结构的限制，也可以使环形天线21与电路板22的正投影部分重叠在一起，此时在垂直方向上的全向图虽然没有 结构对称的偶极天线的全向图好，但是不影响实际的应用。
与此同时，电路板22位于环形天线21与机身1之间，使得环形天线21与机身1之间相隔一定的距离，而且机身1通过电路板22上的接地部与环形天线21的接地点导通，这就使得该机身1可以作为天线使用，使得环形天线21与机身1可以被配置为构成垂直方向上的偶极天线，参考图4。此时，该水平方向上辐射方向近似全向辐射，参考图5。
原则上，环形天线21与机身1越对称，则其在水平方向上的全向图则越好。但是由于结构的限制，在不影响实际应用的前提下，例如可使环形天线21的尺寸小于机身1的尺寸，且环形天线21与机身1的正投影完全重叠在一起。进一步优选的是，环形天线21可设置在机身1的中部区域，使得全向辐射的效果更好一些。
本发明的天线结构，整体无人机的机身可以作为天线的一部分，参与到辐射中，有效降低了无人机内大的金属器件对天线性能的干扰。而且该天线的设计结构具有双极化天线的特点，天线方向图波瓣宽，满足了应用该天线的无人机对方向图的要求，保证无人机在不同方位的信号收发能力。
本发明的天线结构可以应用到无人机中，为此，本发明还提供了一种无人机，其包括上述的天线结构。其中，在无人机机身1的上端还可以设置有摄像单元3，摄像单元3摄取的画面可以通过天线结构传输到地面，以及可以通过天线结构实现地面对摄像单元3的控制，在此不再具体说明。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无人机的天线结构，其特征在于：包括机身以及安装在机身上的天线组件，所述天线组件包括装配在机身上的壳体，以及安装在壳体内腔中且与机身近似平行的电路板，所述电路板上设置有馈电部以及接地部，所述机身与电路板的接地部电连接在一起；还包括贴设在所述壳体内壁的环形天线，所述环形天线的馈电点连接在电路板的馈电部上，所述环形天线的接地点连接在电路板的接地部上；
    所述环形天线设置在电路板的端头位置，所述环形天线与电路板被配置为构成水平方向上的偶极天线；
    所述电路板位于天线与机身之间，所述环形天线与机身被配置为构成垂直方向上的偶极天线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述环形天线与电路板的正投影部分重叠在一起。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述环形天线与电路板平行。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述环形天线的尺寸小于机身的尺寸，且天线与机身的正投影完全重叠在一起。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述环形天线相对分布在机身的中部区域。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述壳体安装在机身的顶部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述壳体包括底壳以及盖体，所述环形天线设置在盖体的内壁上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述盖体的截面呈梯形，所述环形天线呈C字形，其包括在盖体相对两侧侧壁上延伸的两个延伸部，以及设置在盖体端面上且将两个延伸部的相同端连接在一起的连接部。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于：所述 环形天线为FPC天线、LDS天线或者冲压天线。
  10. 一种无人机，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1至9任一项所述的天线结构。
PCT/CN2018/086900 2017-11-02 2018-05-15 一种无人机的天线结构及无人机 Ceased WO2019085437A1 (zh)

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