WO2019080978A1 - Insulating composite for insulation of buildings - Google Patents

Insulating composite for insulation of buildings

Info

Publication number
WO2019080978A1
WO2019080978A1 PCT/DK2018/050264 DK2018050264W WO2019080978A1 WO 2019080978 A1 WO2019080978 A1 WO 2019080978A1 DK 2018050264 W DK2018050264 W DK 2018050264W WO 2019080978 A1 WO2019080978 A1 WO 2019080978A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
insulation material
wall
composite
diffusion open
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2018/050264
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Elith Gorm Hilding Rasmussen
Original Assignee
H+H Danmark A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DKPA201870315A external-priority patent/DK201870315A1/en
Application filed by H+H Danmark A/S filed Critical H+H Danmark A/S
Priority to EP18870940.6A priority Critical patent/EP3701100A4/en
Publication of WO2019080978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080978A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/045—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B19/047—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J125/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C09J125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C09J125/08—Copolymers of styrene
    • C09J125/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
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    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
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    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
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    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
    • C08J9/145—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only chlorine as halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09J133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to insulation components for buildings, and methods for preparation of the insulation components, and uses of said insulation components.
  • insulation components comprising an insulation material and a hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate material, and methods for preparation of the insulation components.
  • the purpose is to mitigate the increasing average temperatures and consequences of the climate change caused by e.g. increased concentration of CO 2 in the air.
  • the buildings today are insulated to avoid loss of heat through the walls.
  • the objective problem of the invention is to provide a material for insulation of buildings whereby the heat loss and installation costs are lowered, while the fabrication process of the materials is not more expensive than materials of prior art.
  • the layers are attached to each other by an adhesive diffusion open third layer as in claim 2, or by the adhesive character of the first layer as in claim 20.
  • the fire protecting by using the invention is highly improved compared with traditional methods due to the second layer which cannot burn.
  • diffusion open insulation material which may be a rigid phenol foam
  • hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer which may be an aircrete layer
  • the attachment is facilitated by an adhesive layer as in claim 3, or, preferably, by the adhesive character of the diffusion open insulation material as in claim 21 .
  • a phenolic foam layer as the insulation layer provides a fire protection, which is highly improved compared to traditional methods for insulation as the second layer cannot burn and the first layer according to fire tests is much more resistant than other insulation materials to fire.
  • An anticipated embodiment of the invention as in claim 4 is where the phenolic foam is formed from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
  • the adhesive third layer is a layer of a glue as anticipated in claim 5.
  • the adhesive layer may be a glue e.g. a thin layer mortar as claimed.
  • the layer of glue is anticipated to be a Kunststoffharzdispersion (synthetic aqueous copolymer dispersion) which as claimed in claim 6 is an air-hardening moistens fast synthetic aqueous copolymer dispersion which in the present case is based on styrene and an acrylic acid ester with a solid content of 20-80%, preferably 50% +/- 1 %.
  • the invention further provides in claim 12 a board comprising at least a composite insulation material according to claim 1 1 wherein the board further comprises fixing means for attaching the board to a wall.
  • a wall made from any of the boards of claim 1 1 or 12 is claimed in claim 13.
  • An anticipated embodiment of such a wall is where the boards of insulating composites are of different thicknesses, claim 14.
  • An embodiment of a wall where the board are mechanically fixed are anticipated in claim 15, and optionally as in claim 16 combined with glue.
  • Methods for preparing a composite of the invention where the layers are glued together by a layer of glue are claimed in claim 17 to 18.
  • the diffusion open insulation material is a phenolic foam resin as claimed in claim 19.
  • claims 19 to 21 are claims on a board or a wall comprising the
  • An anticipated method thus comprises to prepare the composite by
  • the aircrete may deviate in its composition for the example as follows.
  • a composite insulation material according to claim 1 wherein the layers of the composite are attached to each other by the adhesive force of the first layer is claimed in claim 21 .
  • An embodiment of a composite insulation material according to claim 20, is wherein the first layer, 1 , is a rigid phenolic foam with closed cells though still diffusion open, and wherein the second layer, 2, is a diffusion open autoclaved aerated concrete layer, as anticipated in claim 22.
  • An embodiment of a composite insulation material as claimed in claim 23 is where the rigid phenolic foam is formed from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
  • a wall comprising at least one board of claim 27 or 28 is claimed in claim 29.
  • a wall comprising at least one board of claim 27 or 28 of one thickness and at least one and different other board of claim 27 or 28 of a different thickness is claimed in claim 30.
  • the diffusive rigid open insulation material is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open.
  • the rigid phenolic foam layer is prepared first.
  • the resin mixture for the foam layer is prepared as in claim 34 and poored onto the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, which should have a temperature of e.g. 60 °C to 70 °C prior to curing the composite by the remaining heat.
  • the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2 has initially the temperature of 180°C of the autoclaving process but the heat may be applied in the above method prior to applying the resin mixtureThe process for making the composite this takes advantage of the adhesive character of the formed foam.
  • Fig. 1 shows a composite insulation board according to the invention for plastering a wall.
  • the foam layer, 1 is attached to an aircrete layer, 2. Either, the foam layer is sticking to the aircrete layer, or an adhesive layer (not shown) joins the foam and aircrete layer together.
  • Fig. 2 shows a composite insulation board according to the invention for rendering a wall for paint.
  • the foam layer, 1 is attached to an aircrete layer, 2. Either, the foam layer is sticking to the aircrete layer, or an adhesive layer (not shown) joins the foam and aircrete layer together. The edges are chamfered.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the board in Fig. 1 which has a plaster layer, 3, on the outside.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the board in Fig. 2.
  • the outmost layer is a layer of paint, 4.
  • the edges are chamfered and the joint sealed, 5.
  • the paint covers both the boards and the joint.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of how composite insulations boards for plastering are installed.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of how composite insulations boards for paint are installed.
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of a composite comprising in addition to an insulation layer, B, and an aircrete layer, D, also the support layers of e.g. diffusion open glass fibre layers, A.
  • B is the phenolic foam insulation layer
  • C the adhesive layer
  • D the aircrete layer.
  • phenolic foam needs a surface covering to prevent the foam from sticking to the production equipment but also a firm support layer or surface to form the foam. So, on the market such phenolic foam layers are sold sticking to a special glass surface with a releasable protective foil on the other surface.
  • the composite layer of the invention may or may not comprise this support layer.
  • other manufacturing methods for preparing a phenolic foam layer may not need a surface covering or a firm support layer.
  • Such another manufacturing method is the parallel vertical placement of two surfaces of any two of an aircrete wall or a firm support layer e.g. a glass plate and forming the foam layer in between this set of layers.
  • Fig. 1 to 7 show each at least one composite insulation board according to the invention for insulating a wall. It is anticipated that the foam layer may be made from a phenolic resin such as a resole resin.
  • the insulating phenolic resin is commercially available and may be converted into a thermoset modified resin according to the known method published in Kooltherm K5 from Kingspan.
  • the thermoset modified resin may also be performed according to the example below. It has a composition, if it includes a facing material, of:
  • thermoset modified resin is made from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, additives and a blowing agent.
  • the foam is rigid and has 90 % closed cells. The cell structure is formed in the resin under the influence of heat generated by the chemical reaction.
  • An insulation composite for insulation of a building according to the invention is a composite comprising a diffusion open rigid phenol layer as the one above and a diffusion open calcium silicate hydrate layer, which has especially good properties. It is fire resistant, has low heat conductivity and is strong and not brittle.
  • a method for insulation of a building according to the invention is by insulation of the walls of the building where the method comprises applying a layer of a glue to the first layer of said insulation composite and attaching said composite to the wall or vice versa.
  • Another method for insulation of a building according to the invention is to insulate its walls where the method comprises providing an insulation composite which has a protective layer on top a layer of glue. The method comprises removing said protective layer and attaching the composite to the wall.
  • the boards are fixed to a wall either mechanically or with glue.
  • An advantage of the composite of the invention is the combination of properties to improve the thermal insulation properties while maintaining a low thermal conductivity.
  • the second layer, 2 reduces noise as the mineral layer has a high density compared to conventional insulation composites for walls of buildings.
  • the product is much more stable compared to traditional external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) against mechanical impacts.
  • ETICS external thermal insulation composite systems
  • the thickness of the second layer, 2 may also vary from board to board in order to obtain a variated design structured facade surface.
  • the composite of claim 1 and especially claim 2 and 3, is also very fire resistant and the composite cannot be modified by constructors making it very attractive for tall buildings from which it is difficult to escape in case of fire.
  • the insulation composite material of the invention provides a high heat capacity at the outside wall.
  • the thermal buffer keeps up the temperature during night whereby less condensed water is generated, making it easier to keep the surface clean.
  • Example A phenol layer may be prepared as follows:
  • a phenol resole resin composition comprising 240 g of the commercially available liquid phenol formaldehyde resin supplied by Sumikomo Bakelite, R330, having a viscosity of 8000-10000 cP at 25°C, weight average molecular weight 600-1200 and pH 5,3 to 6,3, containing from 2 to 4% free phenol and 3 to 4% free formaldehyde, with a phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of 1 :2 and a water content of 1 1 to 13%, is mixed at 15°C with 12,0 g powdered urea and 6,0 g of a castor oil-ethylene oxide adduct as plasticiser and allowed to stand 14 hours.
  • a glass plate is not used.
  • the second layer of the composite i.e. for example an aircrete layer is serving as the support layer becoming part of the composite to be formed at the same time.
  • the heat of lower temperature from the preparation of e.g. an aircrete layer may be used for heating up and partly or fully curing the phenol resin.
  • a composite of the invention may be prepared applying the above inventive method taking advantage of the adhesive properties of the formed diffusive open rigid phenol foam of the composite.
  • the composite of the invention has superior properties in terms of low heat conductivity, high fire resistance, load bearing strength, and being not brittle.

Abstract

A product for insulation of buildings. The boards of composite are attached to the walls. The composite comprises as example a foam layer and an aircrete layer. A method for its preparation is also disclosed. The composites and boards are fire resistant, have low heat conductivity, are strong for load bearing and not brittle.

Description

Title: Insulating composite for insulation of buildings Abbreviations
AAC - Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Description
The present invention relates to insulation components for buildings, and methods for preparation of the insulation components, and uses of said insulation components.
More specifically it relates to insulation components comprising an insulation material and a hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate material, and methods for preparation of the insulation components.
The governments around the civilized world face the consumers of energy for heating both in private housings and in industrial buildings with still higher requirements to lower heat loss to the environment in order to save energy and thus decrease CO2 emission. The purpose is to mitigate the increasing average temperatures and consequences of the climate change caused by e.g. increased concentration of CO2 in the air.
The buildings today are insulated to avoid loss of heat through the walls.
One typical method is to plaster the walls, if on the outside, with mineral wool and, put on top of that a wind barrier and finally cladding. First the wall is covered with laths of wood, then mineral wool is inserted between the laths. After that the wind barrier has to be created. On the wind barrier a ventilated cladding has to be mounted. Finally, the cladding is protected against algae and rod by painting the cladding with a chemical fungicide. The disadvantages of the method of prior art are that the insulation process requires several steps and is very work intensive and costly.
Maintaining the construction is work intensive and has to be done in short intervals.
Thus, the objective problem of the invention is to provide a material for insulation of buildings whereby the heat loss and installation costs are lowered, while the fabrication process of the materials is not more expensive than materials of prior art.
Summary of the invention.
The above problem has surprisingly been solved by providing a material for insulation of buildings according to claim 1 wherein said material is a composite of a diffusion open rigid insulating layer and a diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer.
The layers are attached to each other by an adhesive diffusion open third layer as in claim 2, or by the adhesive character of the first layer as in claim 20.
The fire protecting by using the invention is highly improved compared with traditional methods due to the second layer which cannot burn.
An anticipated embodiment of the invention is where the diffusion open insulation material, which may be a rigid phenol foam, is attached to the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, which may be an aircrete layer, wherein the attachment is facilitated by an adhesive layer as in claim 3, or, preferably, by the adhesive character of the diffusion open insulation material as in claim 21 .
It is anticipated that the layers are diffusion open and rigid, and the foam layer has a closed cell structure i.e. about 90% of the cells are closed. A phenolic foam layer as the insulation layer provides a fire protection, which is highly improved compared to traditional methods for insulation as the second layer cannot burn and the first layer according to fire tests is much more resistant than other insulation materials to fire. An anticipated embodiment of the invention as in claim 4 is where the phenolic foam is formed from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
Another embodiment is where the adhesive third layer is a layer of a glue as anticipated in claim 5. The adhesive layer may be a glue e.g. a thin layer mortar as claimed.
The layer of glue is anticipated to be a Kunstharzdispersion (synthetic aqueous copolymer dispersion) which as claimed in claim 6 is an air-hardening moistens fast synthetic aqueous copolymer dispersion which in the present case is based on styrene and an acrylic acid ester with a solid content of 20-80%, preferably 50% +/- 1 %.
Other anticipated embodiments are as claimed in claim 7 to 10.
Further product claims are, a board of an insulting composite of the invention as claimed in claim 1 1 .
The invention further provides in claim 12 a board comprising at least a composite insulation material according to claim 1 1 wherein the board further comprises fixing means for attaching the board to a wall.
A wall made from any of the boards of claim 1 1 or 12 is claimed in claim 13.
An anticipated embodiment of such a wall is where the boards of insulating composites are of different thicknesses, claim 14. An embodiment of a wall where the board are mechanically fixed are anticipated in claim 15, and optionally as in claim 16 combined with glue. Methods for preparing a composite of the invention where the layers are glued together by a layer of glue are claimed in claim 17 to 18.
Another anticipated method is wherein the diffusion open insulation material is a phenolic foam resin as claimed in claim 19.
Further, claims 19 to 21 are claims on a board or a wall comprising the
composite of the invention.
An anticipated method thus comprises to prepare the composite by
- preparing the foam layer on a support layer which also serves as a first protective layer,
- provide an aircrete layer pre-prepared using standard methods,
- applying an adhesive layer to the foam layer's free side or to the aircrete layer using an adhesive allowing the final composite to be diffusion open,
- attaching the foam layer to the adhesive layer whereby the foam layer is attached to the aircrete layer.
The aircrete may deviate in its composition for the example as follows.
Base materials / Auxiliaries Description Value Unit
Sand 40-72 %
Cement 9-45 %
Caustic lime 10-20 %
Anhydrite / Gypsum 2-5 %
Aluminium 0.01 -0.4 %
A composite insulation material according to claim 1 wherein the layers of the composite are attached to each other by the adhesive force of the first layer is claimed in claim 21 .
An embodiment of a composite insulation material according to claim 20, is wherein the first layer, 1 , is a rigid phenolic foam with closed cells though still diffusion open, and wherein the second layer, 2, is a diffusion open autoclaved aerated concrete layer, as anticipated in claim 22.
An embodiment of a composite insulation material as claimed in claim 23 is where the rigid phenolic foam is formed from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
Yet other embodiments are claimed in claim 24 to 26.
Two different embodiments of a board comprising at least a composite as in any of the claim 21 to 26 are claimed in claim 27 and 28.
A wall comprising at least one board of claim 27 or 28 is claimed in claim 29. A wall comprising at least one board of claim 27 or 28 of one thickness and at least one and different other board of claim 27 or 28 of a different thickness is claimed in claim 30.
Other embodiments of such wall wherein the boards are mechanically fixed to the wall, optionally with glue are anticipated in claim 31 and 32. A method for the preparation of a composite where the attachment is provided by the adhesive character of the diffusion open rigid insulation layer is anticipated in claim 33.
A method is anticipated in claim 34 wherein the diffusive rigid open insulation material is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open.
Another anticipated method for preparing a composite according to claim 34 is claimed in claim 35. The rigid phenolic foam layer is prepared first. The resin mixture for the foam layer is prepared as in claim 34 and poored onto the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, which should have a temperature of e.g. 60 °C to 70 °C prior to curing the composite by the remaining heat. The diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, has initially the temperature of 180°C of the autoclaving process but the heat may be applied in the above method prior to applying the resin mixtureThe process for making the composite this takes advantage of the adhesive character of the formed foam.
Uses of the composite of the invention are claimed in claim 36 to 38.
In order that the invention may be well understood, some non-limiting examples will now be described in which: Fig. 1 shows a composite insulation board according to the invention for plastering a wall.
The foam layer, 1 , is attached to an aircrete layer, 2. Either, the foam layer is sticking to the aircrete layer, or an adhesive layer (not shown) joins the foam and aircrete layer together. Fig. 2 shows a composite insulation board according to the invention for rendering a wall for paint. The foam layer, 1 , is attached to an aircrete layer, 2. Either, the foam layer is sticking to the aircrete layer, or an adhesive layer (not shown) joins the foam and aircrete layer together. The edges are chamfered.
Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the board in Fig. 1 which has a plaster layer, 3, on the outside.
Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the board in Fig. 2. The outmost layer is a layer of paint, 4. As seen, the edges are chamfered and the joint sealed, 5. The paint covers both the boards and the joint.
Fig. 5 shows an example of how composite insulations boards for plastering are installed.
Fig. 6 shows an example of how composite insulations boards for paint are installed.
Fig. 7 shows an example of a composite comprising in addition to an insulation layer, B, and an aircrete layer, D, also the support layers of e.g. diffusion open glass fibre layers, A. B is the phenolic foam insulation layer, C the adhesive layer and D the aircrete layer.
One way of manufacturing of the phenolic foam needs a surface covering to prevent the foam from sticking to the production equipment but also a firm support layer or surface to form the foam. So, on the market such phenolic foam layers are sold sticking to a special glass surface with a releasable protective foil on the other surface.
The composite layer of the invention may or may not comprise this support layer. Thus, according to the present invention other manufacturing methods for preparing a phenolic foam layer may not need a surface covering or a firm support layer. Such another manufacturing method is the parallel vertical placement of two surfaces of any two of an aircrete wall or a firm support layer e.g. a glass plate and forming the foam layer in between this set of layers.
The invention is now described in further detail and where possible by referring to the figures above.
Fig. 1 to 7 show each at least one composite insulation board according to the invention for insulating a wall. It is anticipated that the foam layer may be made from a phenolic resin such as a resole resin.
The insulating phenolic resin is commercially available and may be converted into a thermoset modified resin according to the known method published in Kooltherm K5 from Kingspan. The thermoset modified resin may also be performed according to the example below. It has a composition, if it includes a facing material, of:
About 70% resole resin, about 15% additives, 9% facing material e.g. a glass plate onto which the resin is foamed, and a propellant with no ozone depletion potential 5%. Due to the closed cells propellant remains in the closed cells. The thermoset modified resin is made from a liquid resole resin, calcium carbonate, additives and a blowing agent. The foam is rigid and has 90 % closed cells. The cell structure is formed in the resin under the influence of heat generated by the chemical reaction.
An insulation composite for insulation of a building according to the invention is a composite comprising a diffusion open rigid phenol layer as the one above and a diffusion open calcium silicate hydrate layer, which has especially good properties. It is fire resistant, has low heat conductivity and is strong and not brittle.
A method for insulation of a building according to the invention is by insulation of the walls of the building where the method comprises applying a layer of a glue to the first layer of said insulation composite and attaching said composite to the wall or vice versa.
Another method for insulation of a building according to the invention is to insulate its walls where the method comprises providing an insulation composite which has a protective layer on top a layer of glue. The method comprises removing said protective layer and attaching the composite to the wall.
The boards are fixed to a wall either mechanically or with glue.
An advantage of the composite of the invention is the combination of properties to improve the thermal insulation properties while maintaining a low thermal conductivity.
Further advantages are:
The second layer, 2, reduces noise as the mineral layer has a high density compared to conventional insulation composites for walls of buildings.
The product is much more stable compared to traditional external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) against mechanical impacts.
The thickness of the second layer, 2, may also vary from board to board in order to obtain a variated design structured facade surface.
The composite of claim 1 and especially claim 2 and 3, is also very fire resistant and the composite cannot be modified by constructors making it very attractive for tall buildings from which it is difficult to escape in case of fire.
Further, the insulation composite material of the invention provides a high heat capacity at the outside wall. The thermal buffer keeps up the temperature during night whereby less condensed water is generated, making it easier to keep the surface clean.
Example A phenol layer may be prepared as follows:
A phenol resole resin composition comprising 240 g of the commercially available liquid phenol formaldehyde resin supplied by Sumikomo Bakelite, R330, having a viscosity of 8000-10000 cP at 25°C, weight average molecular weight 600-1200 and pH 5,3 to 6,3, containing from 2 to 4% free phenol and 3 to 4% free formaldehyde, with a phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of 1 :2 and a water content of 1 1 to 13%, is mixed at 15°C with 12,0 g powdered urea and 6,0 g of a castor oil-ethylene oxide adduct as plasticiser and allowed to stand 14 hours. Then 12 g calcium carbonate is added and mixed into the resin until uniformly dispersed. Finally, 20 g of blended isopropyl chloride/isopentane 85/15 parts by weight as blowing agent is mixed at 1 °C into the resin. Once a uniform
suspension is formed the resin mixture is cooled to 8°C. Then 40,0 g liquid para- toluene sulfonic acid/xylene sulfonic acid blend 65/35 parts by weight at 92% concentration at 8°C is quickly mixed in. 200 g of the resin mix is quickly poured onto a glass plate, and then cured at elevated temperature 70°C. 50kPa is applied to a lid over the casing with the glass plate and foamed layer. The foam is cured for 10 minutes and cured in an oven afterwards for another 2 hours. See also EP1922356B1 or EP1922357B1 for a description of a similar process for preparation of a rigid phenol resole foam from a resole resin.
According to the present invention a glass plate is not used. Instead the second layer of the composite i.e. for example an aircrete layer is serving as the support layer becoming part of the composite to be formed at the same time. The heat of lower temperature from the preparation of e.g. an aircrete layer may be used for heating up and partly or fully curing the phenol resin.
A composite of the invention may be prepared applying the above inventive method taking advantage of the adhesive properties of the formed diffusive open rigid phenol foam of the composite. The composite of the invention has superior properties in terms of low heat conductivity, high fire resistance, load bearing strength, and being not brittle.

Claims

C L A I M S
1 . A composite insulation material for insulation of a building characterised in that it comprises
at least two layers, where
a first layer, 1 , is a diffusion open rigid insulation material and
a second layer, 2, is a diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer,
the layers being attached to each other.
2. A composite insulation material according to claim 1 wherein the said layers are attached to each other by an adhesive diffusion open third layer.
3. A composite insulation material according to claim 2 wherein
the first layer, 1 , is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open, and wherein the second layer, 2, is a diffusion open autoclaved aerated concrete layer.
4. A composite insulation material according to claim 3 wherein the rigid phenol foam is prepared from a liquid resole resin and calcium carbonate using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
5. A composite insulation material according to any of the claims 2 to 4 wherein said adhesive diffusion open third layer is a layer of glue such as a thin layer mortar.
6. A composite insulation material according to claim 5 wherein said glue is an air-hardening moistens fast synthetic aqueous copolymer dispersion based on styrene and an acrylic acid ester with a solid content of 20- 80%, preferably 50% +/- 1 %.
7. A composite insulation material according to claim 6 wherein said acrylic acid ester is a styrene acrylic acid ester.
8. A composite insulation material according to any of the claims 2 to 7 wherein the foam layer on the top of its free surface further comprises a layer of a glue.
9. A composite insulation material according to claim 8 wherein said layer of glue is covered by a protective layer.
10. A composite insulation material according to any of the claims 1 to 9 wherein the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer has a mass density up to 2000 kg/m3.
1 1 . A board comprising at least a composite insulation material according to any of the claims 1 to 10.
12. A board comprising at least a composite insulation material according to claim 1 1 wherein the board further comprises fixing means for attaching the board to a wall.
13. A wall with boards according to claims 1 1 or 12.
14. A wall with boards according to claim 13 wherein the boards have different thickness of the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2.
15. A wall of claim 13 or 14 wherein the boards are mechanical fixed to the wall.
16. A wall of claim 13 or 14 wherein the boards are mechanical fixed to the wall combined with glue.
17. A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall characterised in providing a second layer of a diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, and attaching a first layer, 1 , which is a board made from a diffusion open rigid insulation material, by applying a layer of a glue to said first layer, 1 , or said diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2.
18. A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall according to claim 17 wherein the diffusion open rigid insulation material is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open, diffusion open rigid insulation material.
19. A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall according to claim 17 or 18 characterised in attaching said layer of glue to said diffusion open rigid insulation material at a minimum forming temperature of 3-5°C for a film to dry and form a crack-free layer, the film hereby becoming soft and flexible film having a high resistance to water and alkali and low-water uptake.
20. A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall according to claim 18 or 19 wherein the foam layer is prepared by mixing a phenol resole resin composition comprising the components in the following weight ratios 240 g of the commercially available liquid phenol formaldehyde resin, having a viscosity of 8000-10000 cP at 25°C, weight average molecular weight 600-1200 and pH 5,3 to 6,3, containing from 2 to 4% free phenol and 3 to 4% free formaldehyde, with a phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of 1 :2 and a water content of 1 1 to 13%, at 15°C with 12,0 g powdered urea and 6,0 g of a castor oil-ethylene oxide adduct as plasticiser and allow the mixture to stand 14 hours, adding 12 g calcium carbonate and mixing it into the resin until uniformly dispersed, and finally, mixing 20 g of blended isopropyl chloride/isopentane 85/15 parts by weight as blowing agent at 1 °C into the resin, once a uniform suspension is formed the resin mixture is cooled to 8°C, 40,0 g liquid para-toluene sulfonic acid/xylene sulfonic acid blend 65/35 parts by weight at 92% concentration at 8°C is quickly mixed in, 200 g of the resin mix is quickly poured onto a diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, and then curing it at elevated temperature 60-70°C, applying 50kPa to a lid over a casing with the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, and foamed layer, the foam is cured for e.g. 10 minutes and optionally cured in an oven afterwards for up to 2 hours.
21 . A composite insulation material according to claim 1 wherein the said layers are attached to each other by the adhesive character of the first layer.
22. A composite insulation material according to claim 21 wherein the first layer, 1 , is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open and wherein the second layer, 2, is a diffusion open autoclaved aerated concrete layer.
23. A composite insulation material according to claim 22 wherein the rigid phenol foam is prepared from a liquid resole resin and calcium carbonate using a catalyst and a blowing agent.
24. A composite insulation material according to any of the claims 21 to 23 wherein the foam layer on the top of its free surface further comprises a layer of a glue.
25. A composite insulation material according to claim 24 wherein said layer of glue is covered by a protective layer.
26. A composite insulation material according to any of the claims 21 to 25 wherein the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer has a mass density up to around 2000 kg/m3
27. A board comprising at least one composite insulation material according to any of the claims 21 to 26.
28. A board comprising at least a composite insulation material according to claim 27 wherein the board further comprises fixing means for attaching the board to a wall.
29. A wall with boards according to claims 27 or 28.
30. A wall of claim 29 comprising at least two boards wherein a first board has a first thickness and a second board has a different thickness, of the second layer, 2.
31 . A wall of claim 29 or 30 wherein the boards are mechanical fixed to the wall.
32. A wall of claim 31 wherein the boards are mechanical fixed to the wall combined with glue.
33. A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall characterised in providing a second layer of a diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, and attaching a first layer, 1 , of a diffusion open rigid insulation material, allowing the first layer and second layer to be attached to each other by the adhesive character of the first layer.
A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall according to claim 33 wherein the diffusion open rigid insulation material is a rigid phenolic foam with a major part such as 90% closed cells though still diffusion open,
A method for preparing a composite for insulating a wall according to claim 33 or 34 wherein the rigid phenolic foam layer is prepared by mixing a phenol resole resin composition comprising the components in the following weight ratios 240 g of the commercially available liquid phenol formaldehyde resin, having a viscosity of 8000-10000 cP at 25°C, weight average molecular weight 600-1200 and pH 5,3 to 6,3, containing from 2 to 4% free phenol and 3 to 4% free formaldehyde, with a phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio of 1 :2 and a water content of 1 1 to 13%, at 15°C with 12,0 g powdered urea and 6,0 g of a castor oil-ethylene oxide adduct as plasticiser and allow the mixture to stand 14 hours, adding 12 g calcium carbonate and mixing it into the resin until uniformly dispersed, and finally, mixing 20 g of blended isopropyl chloride/isopentane 85/15 parts by weight as blowing agent at 1 °C into the resin, once a uniform suspension is formed the resin mixture is cooled to 8°C, 40,0 g liquid para-toluene sulfonic acid/xylene sulfonic acid blend 65/35 parts by weight at 92% concentration at 8°C is quickly mixed in, 200 g of the resin mix is quickly poured onto the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2,, and then curing said first layer by the remaining heat of the cooled diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, having initially the temperature of 180 °C of the autoclaving process but allowed cool to a temperature of e.g. 60-70°C prior to applying the first layer and optionally applying 50kPa to a lid over a casing with the diffusion open load bearing hydrothermal hardened calcium silicate hydrate layer, 2, and foamed layer, the foam is cured for e.g. 10 minutes and optinonally cured in an oven afterwards for up to 2 hours.
36. Use of a composite insulation material according to any of the claims 1 to 10, 21 to 26 or a board according to any the claims 1 1 to 12, 21 to 26 for insulation of and plastering a wall or for insulation of and painting a wall.
37. Use of a composite insulation material according to any of the claims 1 to 10, 21 to 26 or a board according to any the claims 1 1 to 12, 27 to 28 for noise reduction of walls.
38. Use of a composite insulation material according to any of the claims 1 to 10, 21 to 26 or a board according to any the claims 1 1 to 12, 27 to 28 for building a wall with complete fire protection.
PCT/DK2018/050264 2017-10-27 2018-10-22 Insulating composite for insulation of buildings WO2019080978A1 (en)

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DKPA201770810 2017-10-27
DKPA201870315A DK201870315A1 (en) 2017-10-27 2018-05-28 Insulating composite for insulation of buildings
DKPA201870315 2018-05-28

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CN112979237A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-18 廊坊市泽龙混凝土有限公司 High-strength color concrete and preparation method thereof

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CN111844362A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-30 中建西部建设建材科学研究院有限公司 Composite heat-insulating wallboard and preparation method thereof
CN112979237A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-18 廊坊市泽龙混凝土有限公司 High-strength color concrete and preparation method thereof

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