WO2019080440A1 - True triaxial test device and method for cuboid rock test sample - Google Patents
True triaxial test device and method for cuboid rock test sampleInfo
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- WO2019080440A1 WO2019080440A1 PCT/CN2018/079589 CN2018079589W WO2019080440A1 WO 2019080440 A1 WO2019080440 A1 WO 2019080440A1 CN 2018079589 W CN2018079589 W CN 2018079589W WO 2019080440 A1 WO2019080440 A1 WO 2019080440A1
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- pressing head
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
Abstract
A true triaxial test device and method for cuboid rock test sample, said test device comprising an axial pressing head and a lateral loading device; the axial pressing head comprises an upper pressing head (1) and a lower pressing head (2), the upper pressing head (1) and the lower pressing head (2) are respectively used for being provided at upper and lower ends of a test sample; the upper pressing head (1) comprises a circular portion and a square portion which are provided in sequence from top to bottom; and the lower pressing head (2) comprises a square portion, a circular portion and a threaded portion which are provided in sequence from top to bottom; the lateral loading device comprises a pair of loading plates (6) which are provided on the two sides of the test sample; a hydraulic cylinder (7) is provided on the outer side of each of the two loading plate (6); and reaction frames (8) are provided on the outer sides of the two hydraulic cylinders (7); one first displacement sensor (9) is provided on each of the two loading plates (6). Said device and said method simplify a sealing procedure of the true triaxial test sample and at the same time can reduce friction force in the direction of a third principal stress σ 3 to the certain extent.
Description
本发明涉及到岩石真三轴压缩力学行为测试领域，特别涉及到长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of true triaxial compression mechanical behavior testing of rock, and particularly relates to a true triaxial test device and method for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample.
真三轴压缩试验可以独立地施加三个方向的主应力，可以较好的反映岩石在地层中的真实受力特征，进而可以准确地预测岩石的强度特性，受到学者们的广泛关注，但由于加载边界条件的问题，真三轴试验较难密封和实现。The true triaxial compression test can independently apply the principal stresses in three directions, which can better reflect the true force characteristics of the rock in the formation, and thus can accurately predict the strength characteristics of the rock, which has attracted extensive attention from scholars, but The problem of loading boundary conditions, true triaxial tests are more difficult to seal and achieve.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决长方体岩石真三轴试验加载及密封问题，本发明的目的是提供一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置及方法。In order to solve the problem of true triaxial test loading and sealing of cuboidal rock, the object of the present invention is to provide a true triaxial test device and method for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，包括轴向压头和侧向加载装置，其中：A true triaxial test device for a rectangular rock sample, comprising an axial indenter and a lateral loading device, wherein:
所述轴向压头包括上压头和下压头，上压头和下压头分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分和方形部分，下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分、圆形部分和螺纹部分；The axial pressing head comprises an upper pressing head and a lower pressing head, wherein the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head are respectively disposed at upper and lower ends of the sample, and the upper pressing head comprises a circular portion and a square which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. a part, the lower pressing head comprises a square portion, a circular portion and a threaded portion which are arranged in order from top to bottom;
所述侧向加载装置包括设置在试样的两侧的一对加载板，两个加载板的外侧均设置有一个液压缸，两个液压缸的外侧均设置有反力架；两个加载板上分别设置有一个第一位移传感器。The lateral loading device includes a pair of loading plates disposed on two sides of the sample, and two hydraulic plates are disposed on the outer sides of the two loading plates, and the reaction plates are disposed on the outer sides of the two hydraulic cylinders; A first displacement sensor is respectively disposed on the upper side.
所述上压头和下压头的圆形部分上均设置有第一密封圈，方形部分上设置有两个第二密封圈。A first sealing ring is disposed on the circular portion of the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, and two second sealing rings are disposed on the square portion.
所述加载板面向试样的一面的边缘设置有倒角。The edge of one side of the loading plate facing the sample is chamfered.
还包括一对第二位移传感器，设置于试样的前后两侧，两个第二位移传感器的连线与两个第一位移传感器的连线相互垂直。A pair of second displacement sensors are further disposed on the front and rear sides of the sample, and the lines connecting the two second displacement sensors and the lines connecting the two first displacement sensors are perpendicular to each other.
一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验方法，包括以下步骤：A true triaxial test method for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, comprising the following steps:
(1)使用胶带将长方体岩石试样的上下端部分别与上压头和下压头固定；(1) fixing the upper and lower ends of the rectangular rock sample with the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, respectively;
(2)使用热缩管将整个长方体岩石试样及上压头和下压头套住，用热风机将热缩管热缩，使得热缩管与长方体岩石试样、上压头、下压头和密封圈紧密结合；(2) Using a heat-shrinkable tube to cover the entire rectangular rock sample, the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, and heat-shrinking the heat-shrinkable tube with a hot air blower, so that the heat-shrinkable tube and the rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, the upper pressing head, and the lower pressing head Closely integrated with the seal;
(3)将液压缸与外部液压源连接；(3) connecting the hydraulic cylinder to an external hydraulic source;
(4)将侧向加载装置放置在长方体岩石试样的两侧，调整好位置，给液压缸压力，使得加载板与长方体岩石试样结合紧密；(4) Place the lateral loading device on both sides of the rectangular rock sample, adjust the position, and give the hydraulic cylinder pressure so that the loading plate is tightly combined with the rectangular rock sample;
(5)安装第一位移传感器和第二位移传感器；(5) installing a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor;
(6)将步骤(2)安装好的长方体岩石试样推入围压室，充油；(6) Pushing the sample of the rectangular parallelepiped rock installed in step (2) into the confining pressure chamber to fill the oil;
(7)使用外部液压对液压缸进行加压，进而提供第二主应力σ
2；
(7) using external hydraulic pressure to pressurize the hydraulic cylinder to provide a second principal stress σ 2 ;
(8)加围压，进而提供第三主应力σ
3；
(8) adding a confining pressure to provide a third principal stress σ 3 ;
(9)加轴向压力直至试样破坏。(9) Add axial pressure until the sample is broken.
有益效果：本发明在真三轴加载试验的基本原理上，以常规三轴压缩试验的围压室为基础，添加一套侧向液压加载装置，辅以特殊的密封方法，实现了岩石试样的真三轴加载。该真三轴试验装置与其他真三轴设备相比操作简单，经济适用，密封效果好。Advantageous Effects: According to the basic principle of the true triaxial loading test, the present invention adds a set of lateral hydraulic loading devices based on the surrounding pressure chamber of the conventional triaxial compression test, and supplements the special sealing method to realize the rock sample. True triaxial loading. Compared with other true three-axis equipment, the true triaxial test device is simple in operation, economical and has a good sealing effect.
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明的俯视图；Figure 2 is a plan view of the present invention;
图中，1-上压头，2-下压头，3-第一密封圈，4-第三密封圈，5-长方体岩石试样，6-加载板，7-液压缸，8-反力架，9-第一位移传感器，10-第二位移传感器。In the figure, 1-upper head, 2-down head, 3-first seal, 4-third seal, 5-cylinder rock specimen, 6-loading plate, 7-cylinder, 8-reaction Rack, 9-first displacement sensor, 10-second displacement sensor.
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示为本发明一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，包括轴向压头和侧向加载装置，其中：1 is a true triaxial test device for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample according to the present invention, comprising an axial indenter and a lateral loading device, wherein:
轴向压头包括上压头1和下压头2，上压头1和下压头2分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分和方形部分，方形部分主要作用是贴合岩石试样的方形端面从而传递均匀的压力，圆形部分为方形部分与上端压力室之间的转接，主要作用为保证试样的密封；下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分、圆形部分和螺纹部分，方形部分主要作用是贴合岩石试样的方形端面从而传递均匀的压力，圆形部分为方形部分与螺纹部分的转接，主要作用为保证试样的密封，螺纹部分用于与三轴压力设备底座进行固定；上压头1和下压头2的圆形部分上均设置有第一密封圈3，起到密封试样的作用，方形部分上设置有两个第二密封圈4，作用是当圆形部分的第一密封圈3失效后能进行二次保护；The axial pressing head comprises an upper pressing head 1 and a lower pressing head 2, respectively, wherein the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2 are respectively disposed at upper and lower ends of the sample, and the upper pressing head comprises a circular portion arranged in order from top to bottom. And the square part, the main part of the square part is to fit the square end face of the rock sample to transmit uniform pressure, the circular part is the transfer between the square part and the upper end pressure chamber, the main function is to ensure the sealing of the sample; The head includes a square portion, a circular portion and a threaded portion which are arranged in order from top to bottom. The square portion mainly serves to conform to the square end surface of the rock sample to transmit uniform pressure, and the circular portion is the transfer of the square portion and the thread portion. The main function is to ensure the sealing of the sample, the threaded part is used for fixing with the base of the three-axis pressure equipment; the first sealing ring 3 is arranged on the circular part of the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2, and the sealing test is performed. The role of the square portion is provided with two second sealing rings 4, which can be used for secondary protection when the first sealing ring 3 of the circular portion fails;
侧向加载装置包括设置在试样的两侧的一对加载板6，两个加载板6的外侧均设置有一个液压缸7，两个液压缸7的外侧均设置有反力架8；两个加载板6上分别设置有一个第一位移传感器9；加载板6面向试样的一面的边缘设置有倒角，从而避免了与上压头1和下压头2的接触；液压缸7可以横向伸缩，配合外部液压源提供的压力可以给试样的第二主应力σ
2方向上提供加载；两个第一位移传感器9随着两侧的加载板6的移动而移动，可以测量加载过程中第二主应力σ
2方向上的应变；反力架8可以为侧向加载提供反力；同时，还包括，试样的前后两侧设置有一对第二位移传感器10，方便第三主应力σ
3方向上应变的测量。两个第二位移传感器10的连线与两个第一位移传感器9的连线相互垂直，
The lateral loading device comprises a pair of loading plates 6 disposed on both sides of the sample, and two hydraulic plates 7 are disposed on the outer sides of the two loading plates 6, and the reaction frames 8 are disposed on the outer sides of the two hydraulic cylinders 7; Each of the loading plates 6 is respectively provided with a first displacement sensor 9; the edge of one side of the loading plate 6 facing the sample is chamfered, thereby avoiding contact with the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2; the hydraulic cylinder 7 can The lateral expansion and contraction, together with the pressure provided by the external hydraulic source, can provide loading in the direction of the second principal stress σ 2 of the sample; the two first displacement sensors 9 move with the movement of the loading plates 6 on both sides, and the loading process can be measured. The strain in the direction of the second principal stress σ 2 ; the reaction frame 8 can provide a reaction force for the lateral loading; and at the same time, a pair of second displacement sensors 10 are disposed on the front and rear sides of the sample to facilitate the third principal stress Measurement of strain in the σ 3 direction. The lines connecting the two second displacement sensors 10 and the lines connecting the two first displacement sensors 9 are perpendicular to each other.
一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验方法，包括以下步骤：A true triaxial test method for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, comprising the following steps:
(1)使用胶带将长方体岩石试样的上下端部分别与上压头1和下压头2固定，上压头1的方形部分与长方体岩石试样5的上端固定，下压头2的方形部分与长方体岩石试样5的下端固定，并在上压头1和下压头2上分别套上一个第一密封圈3和两个第二密封圈4；(1) The upper and lower ends of the rectangular rock sample are fixed to the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2, respectively, and the square portion of the upper pressing head 1 is fixed to the upper end of the rectangular parallelepiped rock sample 5, and the square of the lower pressing head 2 is fixed. Partially fixed to the lower end of the cuboid rock sample 5, and a first sealing ring 3 and two second sealing rings 4 respectively on the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2;
(2)使用热缩管将整个长方体岩石试样5及上压头1和下压头2套住，用热风机将热缩管热缩，使得热缩管与长方体岩石试样5、上压头1、下压头2和密封圈紧密结合；(2) Using the heat shrinkable tube, the entire rectangular rock sample 5 and the upper pressing head 1 and the lower pressing head 2 are sleeved, and the heat shrinkable tube is heat-shrinked by a hot air blower, so that the heat-shrinkable tube and the rectangular parallelepiped rock sample 5 are pressed. The head 1, the lower pressing head 2 and the sealing ring are tightly coupled;
(3)将液压缸7与外部液压源连接；(3) connecting the hydraulic cylinder 7 with an external hydraulic source;
(4)将侧向加载装置放置在长方体岩石试样的两侧，调整好位置，给液压缸7压力，使得加载板6与长方体岩石试样5结合紧密；(4) placing the lateral loading device on both sides of the rectangular rock sample, adjusting the position, and pressing the hydraulic cylinder 7 so that the loading plate 6 is tightly coupled with the rectangular rock sample 5;
(5)安装第一位移传感器9和第二位移传感器10，并调节，使两个第一位移传感器9对应，位于同一平面，，使两个第二位移传感器10对应，位于同一平面；(5) The first displacement sensor 9 and the second displacement sensor 10 are installed and adjusted so that the two first displacement sensors 9 are located on the same plane, so that the two second displacement sensors 10 correspond to each other and are located on the same plane;
(6)将步骤(2)安装好的长方体岩石试样5推入围压室，充油；(6) Pushing the cuboid rock sample 5 installed in step (2) into the confining pressure chamber to fill the oil;
(7)使用外部液压对液压缸7进行加压，进而提供第二主应力σ
2；
(7) using external hydraulic pressure to pressurize the hydraulic cylinder 7, thereby providing a second principal stress σ 2 ;
(8)加围压，进而提供第三主应力σ
3；
(8) adding a confining pressure to provide a third principal stress σ 3 ;
(9)加轴向压力直至试样破坏。(9) Add axial pressure until the sample is broken.
轴向加载(即第一主应力σ
1)方向的应变通过上下压头的位移测得，第二主应力σ
2方向的应变由安装在加载板两侧的第一位移传感器9测得，第三主应力σ
3方向的应变由安装在反力架8上的第三位移传感器10测得。该方法简化了真三轴试样的密封程序，同时可以一定程度上减少第三主应力σ
3方向的摩擦力。
The strain in the axial direction (ie, the first principal stress σ 1 ) is measured by the displacement of the upper and lower indenters, and the strain in the direction of the second principal stress σ 2 is measured by the first displacement sensor 9 mounted on both sides of the loading plate, The strain in the direction of the three principal stress σ 3 is measured by the third displacement sensor 10 mounted on the reaction frame 8. The method simplifies the sealing procedure of the true triaxial sample and can reduce the friction in the direction of the third principal stress σ 3 to some extent.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can also make several improvements and retouchings without departing from the principles of the present invention. It should be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- 一种长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，其特征在于：包括轴向压头和侧向加载装置，其中：A true triaxial test device for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, comprising: an axial indenter and a lateral loading device, wherein:所述轴向压头包括上压头(1)和下压头(2)，上压头(1)和下压头(2)分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分和方形部分，下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分、圆形部分和螺纹部分；The axial ram includes an upper ram (1) and a lower ram (2), and the upper ram (1) and the lower ram (2) are respectively disposed at upper and lower ends of the sample, and the upper ram includes a circular portion and a square portion which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom, and the lower pressing head includes a square portion, a circular portion and a threaded portion which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom;所述侧向加载装置包括设置在试样的两侧的一对加载板(6)，两个加载板(6)的外侧均设置有一个液压缸(7)，两个液压缸(7)的外侧均设置有反力架(8)；两个加载板(6)上分别设置有一个第一位移传感器(9)。The lateral loading device includes a pair of loading plates (6) disposed on both sides of the sample, and the outer sides of the two loading plates (6) are each provided with a hydraulic cylinder (7), and two hydraulic cylinders (7) A reaction frame (8) is disposed on the outer side; a first displacement sensor (9) is disposed on each of the two loading plates (6).
- 根据权利要求1所述的长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，其特征在于：所述上压头(1)和下压头(2)的圆形部分上均设置有第一密封圈(3)，方形部分上设置有两个第二密封圈(4)。A rectangular triaxial test apparatus for a rectangular rock sample according to claim 1, wherein a first sealing ring is disposed on a circular portion of said upper pressing head (1) and said lower pressing head (2). ), two second sealing rings (4) are arranged on the square portion.
- 根据权利要求1所述的长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，其特征在于：所述加载板(6)面向试样的一面的边缘设置有倒角。The cuboid rock sample true triaxial test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the loading plate (6) is chamfered at an edge of one side of the sample.
- 根据权利要求1所述的长方体岩石试样真三轴试验装置，其特征在于：还包括一对第二位移传感器(10)，设置于试样的前后两侧，两个第二位移传感器(10)的连线与两个第一位移传感器(9)的连线相互垂直。A rectangular triaxial test apparatus for a rectangular rock sample according to claim 1, further comprising a pair of second displacement sensors (10) disposed on the front and rear sides of the sample, and two second displacement sensors (10) The line connecting the two first displacement sensors (9) is perpendicular to each other.
- 一种基于权利要求1-4任一所述装置的长方体岩石试样真三轴试验方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：A true triaxial test method for a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:(1)使用胶带将长方体岩石试样的上下端部分别与上压头和下压头固定；(1) fixing the upper and lower ends of the rectangular rock sample with the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, respectively;(2)使用热缩管将整个长方体岩石试样及上压头和下压头套住，用热风机将热缩管热缩，使得热缩管与长方体岩石试样、上压头、下压头和密封圈紧密结合；(2) Using a heat-shrinkable tube to cover the entire rectangular rock sample, the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, and heat-shrinking the heat-shrinkable tube with a hot air blower, so that the heat-shrinkable tube and the rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, the upper pressing head, and the lower pressing head Closely integrated with the seal;(3)将液压缸与外部液压源连接；(3) connecting the hydraulic cylinder to an external hydraulic source;(4)将侧向加载装置放置在长方体岩石试样的两侧，调整好位置，给液压缸压力，使得加载板与长方体岩石试样结合紧密；(4) Place the lateral loading device on both sides of the rectangular rock sample, adjust the position, and give the hydraulic cylinder pressure so that the loading plate is tightly combined with the rectangular rock sample;(5)安装第一位移传感器和第二位移传感器；(5) installing a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor;(6)将步骤(2)安装好的长方体岩石试样推入围压室，充油；(6) Pushing the sample of the rectangular parallelepiped rock installed in step (2) into the confining pressure chamber to fill the oil;(7)使用外部液压对液压缸进行加压，进而提供第二主应力σ 2； (7) using external hydraulic pressure to pressurize the hydraulic cylinder to provide a second principal stress σ 2 ;(8)加围压，进而提供第三主应力σ 3； (8) adding a confining pressure to provide a third principal stress σ 3 ;(9)加轴向压力直至试样破坏。(9) Add axial pressure until the sample is broken.
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| CN107764631B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of the sealing pressure head and test method of the ordinary triaxial test of the rock of cuboid containing prefabricated crack |
| CN107741364A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of cuboid rock sample actual triaxial testing apparatus and method |
| CN109632509B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-10-22 | 浙江大学 | Hypergravity true triaxial rock loading experimental apparatus and method |
| CN110095332B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-11-17 | 四川大学 | Sealing method and sealing device for rock sample in triaxial Hopkinson pressure bar experiment |
| CN109946166A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-28 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of rock confining pressure simulator |
| CN110017763B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-04-09 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Lateral deformation measurement system of cuboid sample |
| CN111198136A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-26 | 北京科技大学 | Rock mass ice crack network frost heaving expansion process monitoring test system and method |
| CN115656220A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Real-time microwave rock breaking test device and method under true triaxial stress condition |
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