WO2019078059A1 - Power generation system - Google Patents

Power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019078059A1
WO2019078059A1 PCT/JP2018/037698 JP2018037698W WO2019078059A1 WO 2019078059 A1 WO2019078059 A1 WO 2019078059A1 JP 2018037698 W JP2018037698 W JP 2018037698W WO 2019078059 A1 WO2019078059 A1 WO 2019078059A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
water
power generation
hot water
generator
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PCT/JP2018/037698
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
和彦 谷村
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川崎重工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2019078059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019078059A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power generation system using a power generator having a generator and an engine for driving the generator.
  • an emergency power generator may be provided to supply power to a power consumer (e.g., Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a power supply system that exchanges power among a plurality of power consumers in an emergency.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system that effectively utilizes the emergency power generation device to improve the resiliency of the society.
  • a power generation system includes a power generation device having a generator and an engine for driving the same, and supplying and selling power obtained from the power generation device to transmission and distribution facilities and power. And power switching means for switching between the cases where the power is supplied to the consumer, and the power switching means is a normal time in which power is supplied to the power consumer via an external transmission system including the transmission and distribution facility. And the power is supplied to the power transmission and distribution facility for trading only during a specific time when a predetermined trading condition is satisfied, and the power demand is not supplied to the power demander through the external transmission system.
  • the power supply from the power generation apparatus to the power demander in an emergency may be performed via the transmission and distribution facility, and may be performed via a supply system separate from the transmission and distribution facility.
  • engine refers to a heat engine such as a gas turbine engine, a diesel engine, a gas engine, or an Otto cycle engine.
  • the power generation device is utilized in both the normal time and the emergency time. As a result, it is possible to secure the power supply in an emergency and improve the resiliency of the society, and also to realize the stable power supply even in the normal state.
  • the utilization of the power generation apparatus during normal times is limited to a specific time such as, for example, a time zone where the demand for power is high or a time zone where the demand of power traders (power retailers) is high It can be used.
  • a hot water generator for producing hot water utilizing heat of exhaust gas of the engine
  • a water storage tank for storing the hot water generated by the hot water generator
  • the hot water extracted from the water storage tank You may provide with the warm water supply line supplied to a heat consumer as a heat source.
  • the power consumer and the heat consumer may be the same or different. According to this configuration, it is possible to inexpensively supply the hot water by utilizing the heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, and it is possible to enhance the overall energy efficiency by the cogeneration.
  • the life water supply line which supplies the water demander with the water taken out from the said water storage tank as life water.
  • the heat demander and the water demander may be the same or different. According to this configuration, it is possible to take out the hot water as a heat source and the daily life water from one water storage tank.
  • a chimney for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside, and a case where the exhaust gas flows into the chimney through the hot water generator and a chimney without flowing through the hot water generator.
  • An exhaust gas switching means for switching between cases may be provided. According to this configuration, for example, when the water supply is stopped due to a disaster or the like, overheating of the hot water generator can be prevented by avoiding the introduction of the exhaust gas into the hot water generator.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power generated by the power plant 2 is sent to the substation 6 via the primary transmission line 4.
  • the power plant 2 is, for example, owned by a local power company, a power generation company, and the like.
  • the power stepped down in the substation 6 is supplied to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 through the branch point P1 directly or after being stepped down by the transformer 10 via the secondary transmission line 8.
  • the primary transmission line 4, the substation 6, the secondary transmission line 8 and the transformer 10 constitute a transmission and distribution facility TD.
  • the power transmission and distribution equipment TD is owned by a power company, a power generation company or a power transmission and distribution company.
  • the power plant 2 and the transmission and distribution facility TD constitute an “external transmission system” that supplies power to the general customer 11 and the power customer 12 at normal times.
  • the supply of power to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 is performed based on a contract with the power trader 24.
  • the power trader 24 procures the power that the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 need. That is, the power trader 24 is an electricity broker (retail company) that purchases power from a power company, a power generation company, etc., and supplies power to the general customer 11 and the power demander 12.
  • the power company or power generation company having the power plant 2 may be the same as the power trader 24. Further, the power company or the power generation company having the power plant 2 may be the same as the power transmission and distribution company having the power transmission and distribution facility TD.
  • a state in which power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via an external transmission system is referred to as "normal", and a state in which power is not supplied to the power consumer 12 via an external transmission system. Is called “emergency”.
  • the power demander 12 of the present embodiment is a specific demander who has a contract with the power trader 24 to receive power supply from the power generation device 14 described below in an emergency.
  • the general consumer 11 is the other general consumer.
  • the power generation system 1 further includes a power generation device 14 and a power switching unit 16.
  • the power generation device 14 is an emergency power generation device for supplying power to the power consumer 12 in an emergency.
  • the power generation device 14 is used, for example, as an emergency power generation device for a building such as a condominium or a building.
  • the power generator 14 has a generator 18 and an engine 20 for driving the generator 18.
  • the engine 20 of the present embodiment is a gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engines are suitable for emergency because they have a fast start-up.
  • the engine 20 is not limited to a gas turbine engine, and may be, for example, a heat engine such as a diesel engine, a gas engine, or an Otto cycle engine.
  • the gas turbine engine 20 of the present embodiment uses city gas as fuel. By using city gas as fuel, it becomes easy to obtain fuel. However, the fuel of the engine 20 is not limited to city gas.
  • the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment further includes an emergency fuel tank 22.
  • the emergency fuel tank 22 stores the fuel supplied to the engine 20 when the supply of the city gas is stopped. Thereby, the operation of the power generation device 14 can be performed even when the supply of the city gas is stopped.
  • the power switching unit 16 switches the power supply system between the case where the power obtained from the power generation device 14 is supplied to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading and the case where the power demander 12 is supplied with power. Specifically, the power switching means 16 supplies power to the transmission / distribution facility TD for trading only during a specific time that is normal and a predetermined trading condition is satisfied, and supplies power to the power consumer 12 in an emergency It is configured to That is, at normal times, the power generation device 14 operates only at a specific time, and is otherwise stopped.
  • the power supplied to the transmission and distribution facility TD is, for example, purchased by the power trader 24 and supplied to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 based on a contract with the power trader 24.
  • the predetermined trading condition is, for example, that the market price of power is higher than a predetermined value.
  • the specific time is a time zone in which the market price of power is higher than a predetermined value, that is, a time zone in which the power demand is high.
  • the power demander 12 pre-contracts with the power trader 24, and power is supplied from the power generation device 14 to the power demander 12 in an emergency.
  • the power consumption of the power consumer 12 is managed by the smart meter installed in each power consumer 12.
  • the power supply destination can be switched by detecting a power failure and controlling the power switching means 16 by the control device 15 by utilizing the communication function of the smart meter.
  • the determination of emergency may be performed by a power failure detection means (not shown) provided in the power transmission system from the outside including the primary power transmission line 4 and the secondary power transmission line 8.
  • the power failure detection unit is, for example, a sensor that detects current, voltage, power, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows the flow of power at normal times
  • FIG. 2 shows the flow of power at emergency.
  • the flow of power during normal times and in an emergency is not limited to that of this embodiment.
  • the power switching means 16 is switched by the control device 15 to supply power to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading, and the power generation device 14 operates only during a specific time in a normal time, and the broken arrow EP As shown in, supply power to the transmission and distribution equipment TD.
  • the power switching unit 16 is, for example, a switch.
  • FIG. 2 exemplifies a case where a trouble occurs in the primary power transmission line 4 and power is not supplied to the power consumer 12 through the transmission system from the outside.
  • the power switching unit 16 is switched to supply power to the power consumer 12, and the power generation device 14 operates at all times to supply power to the power consumer 12.
  • the power generation device 14 is utilized for both the normal time of FIG. 1 and the emergency time of FIG. 2. As a result, it is possible to secure the power supply in an emergency and improve the resiliency of the society, and it is possible to realize the stable power supply even in the normal time. In addition, since the normal operation of the power generation device 14 is limited to the specific time of the time zone where the power demand is high, the power generation device 14 can be effectively used.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1A according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the power generation device 14 of FIG. 3 is used as an emergency power generation device of a collective housing H such as a condominium, and supplies power to the residents of the collective housing H and the surrounding power consumers 12 who contracted in advance in an emergency. Supply.
  • the power generation system 1A of the present embodiment includes a hot water generator 26, which is installed in the collective housing H together with the power generator 14, a water storage tank 28, and a hot water supply line 30.
  • the hot water generator 26 uses the heat of the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 to generate hot water.
  • the water storage tank 28 stores the hot water generated by the hot water generator 26.
  • the water storage tank 28 of the present embodiment has a heat insulation structure. For example, tap water W is supplied to the water storage tank 28.
  • the hot water generator 26 of the present embodiment is disposed in the lower part of the water storage tank 28 and is composed of a heat exchanger (economizer) that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas G and water.
  • the hot water generator 26 is not limited to this.
  • the hot water supply line 30 supplies the hot water extracted from the water storage tank 28 to the heat demander 32.
  • This hot water is used as a heat source for hot water supply, air conditioning (heating and cooling), and the like.
  • the “heat demander” refers to a household that receives the provision of hot water generated using exhaust heat of the engine 20 of the power generation device 14 and uses the hot water as a heat source.
  • the heat demander 32 is each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, in the present embodiment, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12 and also the heat demander 32. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the hot water is not supplied to the power consumers 12 other than the collective housing H.
  • the electric power demander 12 and the heat demander 32 may be partially identical (only all the houses in the apartment house H) as in this embodiment, may be entirely identical, or may be completely different. Good.
  • the power generation system 1A of the present embodiment further includes a daily life water supply line 34.
  • the domestic water supply line 34 supplies the water demander 33 with the water extracted from the water storage tank 28.
  • the “water demander” refers to a household that uses the water extracted from the water storage tank 28 as domestic water.
  • the water demander 33 is each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, in the present embodiment, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12, the heat demander 32, and the water demander 33. Therefore, in the present embodiment, water (living water) is not supplied to households other than the collective housing H.
  • the heat demander 32 and the water demander 33 completely coincide with each other, but may be different or partially coincide with each other.
  • the water storage tank 28 has a shape that is long in the vertical direction, hot water is stored in the upper part, and cold water is stored in the lower part. Therefore, the hot water supply line 30 is connected to the upper part of the water storage tank 28, and the daily life water supply line 34 is connected to the lower part of the water storage tank 28. Thereby, hot water and household water can be taken out from one hot water generator 26 and the water storage tank 28.
  • the power generation system 1A of the present embodiment further includes a chimney 36 for discharging the exhaust gas G to the outside, and an exhaust gas switching means 38.
  • the exhaust gas switching means 38 makes the exhaust gas G flow into the chimney 36 via the hot water generator 26 (hot water generator 26 side) and makes the chimney 36 flow into the chimney 36 without the hot water generator 26 (chimney 36 side) And switch.
  • the exhaust gas switching means 38 is, for example, a damper attached to the exhaust passage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a normal operation
  • FIG. 4 shows an emergency operation
  • power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via the transmission system from the outside.
  • the power switching means 16 is switched by the control device 15 to supply power to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading, and the power generation device 14 operates only during a specific time in a normal time, and the broken arrow EP As shown in, supply power to the transmission and distribution equipment TD.
  • the exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the hot water generator 26 side when water of a fixed amount or more is stored in the water storage tank 28.
  • hot water is generated by the hot water generator 26 using exhaust heat of the engine 20 and stored in the water storage tank 28.
  • the hot water is supplied to the heat demander 32, and is used as a heat source for hot water supply, air conditioning, and the like. If the operation time of the power generation device 14 at the normal time is set to a time that can generate the hot water for one day of the water demander 32, it is possible to secure the heat source for one day used for hot water supply and air conditioning.
  • the power switching means 16 is switched by the controller 15 to supply power to the power consumer 12.
  • the generator 14 is operated at all times, and the power generated by the generator 14 is supplied to the power consumer 12.
  • the exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the hot water generator 26 side. At this time, the generated hot water is supplied to the heat demander 32 through the hot water supply line 30, and is used for hot water supply, air conditioning, etc. as a heat source as in the normal time.
  • the exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the chimney 36 side. That is, the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 is discharged from the chimney 36 directly without passing through the hot water generator 26. At this time, the water in the water storage tank 28 is supplied to the water demander 33 through the domestic water supply line 34, and is used as domestic water.
  • the timing of switching of the exhaust gas switching means 38 is not limited to the present embodiment.
  • the second embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, hot water can be supplied inexpensively using the heat of the exhaust gas G of the engine E, and the overall energy efficiency can be enhanced by cogeneration. In particular, when a gas turbine engine is used as the engine 20, the efficiency of the hot water generator 26 (heat exchanger) is high because the amount of exhaust gas is large and the temperature of the exhaust gas is high.
  • the water taken out from the water storage tank 28 is supplied to the water demander 33 as domestic water.
  • the water taken out hot water as a heat source from one water storage tank 28 and supply it to the heat demander 32, and also take out water as household water to supply it to the water demander 33.
  • an exhaust gas switching means 38 is provided which switches the destination of the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 to the hot water generator 26 side and the chimney 36 side.
  • the water stored in the water storage tank 28 is not limited to tap water (upper water), and may be non-drinkable water containing rust inhibitor (middle water, miscellaneous water).
  • the household water supply line 34 and the water demander 33 may be omitted from FIGS. 3 and 4 so that the water in the water storage tank 28 is always supplied to the heat demander 32. Also in this modification, the overall energy efficiency can be enhanced by the cogeneration.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1B according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same components as those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the power generation system 1B normally supplies the power obtained from the power generation device 14 to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading and supplies the power of the power generation device 14 during an emergency.
  • the second supply system 42 for supplying the That is, the power switching unit 16 of the third embodiment is switched to the first supply system 40 at normal times, and is switched to the second supply system 42 at emergency.
  • the second supply system 42 is connected to each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12.
  • the second supply system 42 can be extended to connect to a dwelling unit and a building contracted in advance in addition to the collective housing H.
  • FIG. 5 shows a normal operation
  • FIG. 6 shows an emergency operation.
  • power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via the transmission system from the outside.
  • the power switching means 16 is switched to the first supply system 40, and the power generation device 14 operates only at a specific time during normal operation, and supplies power to the transmission and distribution facility TD as indicated by the broken arrow EP. Do.
  • the power switching unit 16 is switched to the second supply system 42, and the power generation device 14 operates at all times to supply power to the power consumer 12.
  • the supply of hot water and domestic water during normal and emergency times is the same as in the second embodiment described above.
  • the power generation system 1B of the third embodiment has the same effect as that of the second embodiment.
  • the gas turbine engine 20 of the first to third embodiments it is preferable to adopt a dual fuel low NOx combustor, and normally perform low NOx operation with city gas. Thereby, environmental protection can be realized.
  • cold water for air conditioning can be inexpensively supplied to the summer season by providing an apparatus such as an absorption chiller to generate cold water using hot water as a heat source.
  • Power generation system 1, 1 A, 1 B Power generation system 12 Power demand person 14 Power generation device 15 Control device 16 Power switching means 18 Power generation unit 20 Engine 26 Hot water generator 28 Water storage tank 30 Hot water supply line 32 Heat demander 33 Water demander 34 Home water supply line 36 chimney 38 exhaust gas switching means TD transmission and distribution equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

This power generation system (1) is provided with: a power generation device (14) having a generator (18) and an engine (20) for driving the generator (18); and a power switching means (16). The power switching means (16) switches between the case of supplying the power obtained from the power generation device (14) to power transmission and distribution facilities (TD) and trading the power and the case of supplying the power to power customers (12). Only in normal times when the power is supplied to the power customers (12) via an external power transmission system and a specific time when a predetermined trade condition is satisfied, the power switching means (16) supplies the power to the power transmission and distribution facilities (TD) and trades the power. Meanwhile, in an emergency when the power is not supplied to the power customers (12) via the external power transmission system, the power switching means (16) supplies the power to only the power customers (12).

Description

発電システムPower generation system 関連出願Related application
　この出願は、２０１７年１０月１６日出願の特願２０１７－２００３１９の優先権を主張するものであり、その全体を参照により本願の一部をなすものとして引用する。 This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-200319 filed on Oct. 16, 2017, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
　本発明は、発電機とこれを駆動するエンジンを有する発電装置を用いた発電システムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a power generation system using a power generator having a generator and an engine for driving the generator.
　非常時に、電力需要者に電力を供給するために、非常用の発電装置が設けられることがある（例えば、特許文献１）。特許文献１では、非常時に、複数の電力需要者間で電力を融通し合う電力供給システムが提案されている。 In an emergency, an emergency power generator may be provided to supply power to a power consumer (e.g., Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 proposes a power supply system that exchanges power among a plurality of power consumers in an emergency.
特開２０１７－０１７９７４号公報JP, 2017-017974, A
　従来、非常用の発電装置は、通常時には活用されていなかった。また、大規模停電や災害などにより通常時の送電系統（特に上流側）が損傷すると、広範囲で社会インフラ、生活インフラが機能しなくなるということが懸念される。そこで、非常用の発電装置を有効に活用して、社会のレジリエンス性に貢献することが求められている。 In the past, emergency power generators were not usually used at the time. In addition, if the power transmission system (particularly the upstream side) is damaged due to a large-scale blackout or disaster, there is a concern that social infrastructure and living infrastructure will not function extensively. Therefore, it is required to contribute to the resiliency of society by effectively utilizing an emergency power generator.
　本発明は、非常用の発電装置を有効に活用して社会のレジリエンス性を向上させる発電システムを提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system that effectively utilizes the emergency power generation device to improve the resiliency of the society.
　上記目的を達成するために、本発明の発電システムは、発電機とこれを駆動するエンジンを有する発電装置と、前記発電装置から得られた電力を送配電設備に供給して売買する場合と電力需要者に供給する場合とを切り替える電力切替手段とを備え、前記電力切替手段は、前記送配電設備を含む外部からの送電系統を介して前記電力需要者に電力が供給される通常時であり且つ所定の売買条件が満たされた特定時間のみに前記送配電設備に前記電力を供給して売買し、前記外部からの送電系統を介して前記電力需要者に電力が供給されない非常時に前記電力需要者のみに前記電力を供給するように構成されている。非常時の発電装置から電力需要者への電力供給は、送配電設備を介して行われてもよく、送配電設備とは別の供給系統を介して行われてもよい。ここで、「エンジン」とは、ガスタービンエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン、ガスエンジン、オットーサイクルエンジン等の熱機関をいう。 In order to achieve the above object, a power generation system according to the present invention includes a power generation device having a generator and an engine for driving the same, and supplying and selling power obtained from the power generation device to transmission and distribution facilities and power. And power switching means for switching between the cases where the power is supplied to the consumer, and the power switching means is a normal time in which power is supplied to the power consumer via an external transmission system including the transmission and distribution facility. And the power is supplied to the power transmission and distribution facility for trading only during a specific time when a predetermined trading condition is satisfied, and the power demand is not supplied to the power demander through the external transmission system. It is configured to supply the power only to the person who The power supply from the power generation apparatus to the power demander in an emergency may be performed via the transmission and distribution facility, and may be performed via a supply system separate from the transmission and distribution facility. Here, the term "engine" refers to a heat engine such as a gas turbine engine, a diesel engine, a gas engine, or an Otto cycle engine.
　この構成によれば、発電装置が、通常時と非常時の両方に活用される。これにより、非常時の電力供給を確保して社会のレジリエンス性を向上させることができるうえに、通常時にも安定した電力供給を実現できる。また、発電装置の通常時の活用は、例えば、電力需要の高い時間帯や電力売買者（電力の小売会社）の要求が高い時間帯等の特定時間に限られるので、発電装置を効果的に活用できる。 According to this configuration, the power generation device is utilized in both the normal time and the emergency time. As a result, it is possible to secure the power supply in an emergency and improve the resiliency of the society, and also to realize the stable power supply even in the normal state. In addition, since the utilization of the power generation apparatus during normal times is limited to a specific time such as, for example, a time zone where the demand for power is high or a time zone where the demand of power traders (power retailers) is high It can be used.
　本発明において、さらに、前記エンジンの排ガスの熱を利用して温水を生成する温水生成器と、前記温水生成器で生成された温水を貯留する貯水タンクと、前記貯水タンクから取り出した前記温水を熱源として熱需要者に供給する温水供給ラインとを備えていてもよい。電力需要者と熱需要者とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。この構成によれば、エンジンの排ガスの熱を利用して温水を安価に供給できるうえに、コジェネレーションにより総合エネルギー効率を高めることができる。 In the present invention, further, a hot water generator for producing hot water utilizing heat of exhaust gas of the engine, a water storage tank for storing the hot water generated by the hot water generator, and the hot water extracted from the water storage tank You may provide with the warm water supply line supplied to a heat consumer as a heat source. The power consumer and the heat consumer may be the same or different. According to this configuration, it is possible to inexpensively supply the hot water by utilizing the heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, and it is possible to enhance the overall energy efficiency by the cogeneration.
　前記貯水タンクを備える場合、さらに、前記貯水タンクから取り出した水を生活用水として水需要者に供給する生活用水供給ラインを備えていてもよい。熱需要者と水需要者とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。この構成によれば、１つの貯水タンクから、熱源としての温水と、生活用水とを取り出すことができる。 When provided with the said water storage tank, you may further be provided with the life water supply line which supplies the water demander with the water taken out from the said water storage tank as life water. The heat demander and the water demander may be the same or different. According to this configuration, it is possible to take out the hot water as a heat source and the daily life water from one water storage tank.
　前記温水生成器を備える場合、さらに、前記排ガスを外部へ排出する煙突と、前記排ガスを前記温水生成器を介して前記煙突に流入させる場合と前記温水生成器を介さずに前記煙突に流入させる場合とを切り替える排ガス切替手段とを備えていてもよい。この構成によれば、例えば、災害などで水の供給が停止したときに、排ガスが温水生成器に導入されるのを避けることで、温水生成器の過熱を防止できる。 When the hot water generator is provided, a chimney for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside, and a case where the exhaust gas flows into the chimney through the hot water generator and a chimney without flowing through the hot water generator. An exhaust gas switching means for switching between cases may be provided. According to this configuration, for example, when the water supply is stopped due to a disaster or the like, overheating of the hot water generator can be prevented by avoiding the introduction of the exhaust gas into the hot water generator.
　請求の範囲および／または明細書および／または図面に開示された少なくとも２つの構成のどのような組合せも、この発明に含まれる。特に、請求の範囲の各請求項の２つ以上のどのような組合せも、この発明に含まれる。 Any combination of the at least two configurations disclosed in the claims and / or the description and / or the drawings is included in the invention. In particular, any combination of two or more of the claims is included in the invention.
　本発明は、添付の図面を参考にした以下の好適な実施形態の説明からより明瞭に理解されるであろう。しかしながら、実施形態および図面は単なる図示および説明のためのものであり、本発明の範囲を定めるために利用されるべきものではない。本発明の範囲は添付の請求の範囲によって定まる。添付図面において、複数の図面における同一の部品番号は、同一または相当部分を示す。
本発明の第１実施形態に係る発電システムを示す系統図である。 同発電システムの異常時の電力供給を示す系統図である。 本発明の第２実施形態に係る発電システムを示す系統図である。 同発電システムの異常時の電力供給を示す系統図である。 本発明の第３実施形態に係る発電システムを示す系統図である。 同発電システムの異常時の電力供給を示す系統図である。 The present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. However, the embodiments and the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. In the attached drawings, the same part numbers in multiple drawings indicate the same or corresponding parts.
It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power generation system concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power supply at the time of abnormalities of the power generation system. It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power generation system concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power supply at the time of abnormalities of the power generation system. It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power generation system concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a systematic diagram showing the electric power supply at the time of abnormalities of the power generation system.
　以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。図１、２は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る発電システム１を示す系統図である。図１に示すように、発電所２で作られた電力は、一次送電線４を介して変電所６に送られる。発電所２は、例えば、地域の電力会社、発電会社等が有している。変電所６で降圧された電力は、二次送電線８を介して、直接または変圧器１０で降圧されたあと分岐点Ｐ１を通って、一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２に供給される。これら、一次送電線４、変電所６、二次送電線８および変圧器１０が、送配電設備ＴＤを構成する。送配電設備ＴＤは、電力会社、発電会社または送配電会社が有している。これら、発電所２および送配電設備ＴＤが、通常時に一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２に電力を供給する「外部からの送電系統」を構成する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the power generated by the power plant 2 is sent to the substation 6 via the primary transmission line 4. The power plant 2 is, for example, owned by a local power company, a power generation company, and the like. The power stepped down in the substation 6 is supplied to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 through the branch point P1 directly or after being stepped down by the transformer 10 via the secondary transmission line 8. The primary transmission line 4, the substation 6, the secondary transmission line 8 and the transformer 10 constitute a transmission and distribution facility TD. The power transmission and distribution equipment TD is owned by a power company, a power generation company or a power transmission and distribution company. The power plant 2 and the transmission and distribution facility TD constitute an “external transmission system” that supplies power to the general customer 11 and the power customer 12 at normal times.
　一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２への電力の供給は、電力売買者２４との契約に基づいて行われる。電力売買者２４は、一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２が必要とするだけの電力を調達する。つまり、電力売買者２４は、電力会社、発電会社などから電力を買い、一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２に電力を供給する電気の仲介業者（小売会社）である。なお、発電所２を有する電力会社や発電会社と、電力売買者２４とが同じであってもよい。また、発電所２を有する電力会社や発電会社と、送配電設備ＴＤを有する送配電会社とが同じであってもよい。 The supply of power to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 is performed based on a contract with the power trader 24. The power trader 24 procures the power that the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 need. That is, the power trader 24 is an electricity broker (retail company) that purchases power from a power company, a power generation company, etc., and supplies power to the general customer 11 and the power demander 12. Note that the power company or power generation company having the power plant 2 may be the same as the power trader 24. Further, the power company or the power generation company having the power plant 2 may be the same as the power transmission and distribution company having the power transmission and distribution facility TD.
　以下の説明において、外部からの送電系統を介して電力需要者１２に電力が供給される状態を「通常時」といい、外部からの送電系統を介して電力需要者１２に電力が供給されない状態を「非常時」という。本実施形態の電力需要者１２は、電力売買者２４との間で、非常時に、以下に示す発電装置１４から電力供給を受ける契約を行っている特定の需要者である。一方、一般需要者１１は、それ以外の一般の需要者である。 In the following description, a state in which power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via an external transmission system is referred to as "normal", and a state in which power is not supplied to the power consumer 12 via an external transmission system. Is called "emergency". The power demander 12 of the present embodiment is a specific demander who has a contract with the power trader 24 to receive power supply from the power generation device 14 described below in an emergency. On the other hand, the general consumer 11 is the other general consumer.
　発電システム１は、さらに、発電装置１４と電力切替手段１６とを備えている。発電装置１４は、非常時に電力需要者１２に電力を供給するための非常用発電装置である。発電装置１４は、例えば、マンションやビルのような建物の非常用発電装置として用いられる。発電装置１４は、発電機１８とこれを駆動するエンジン２０とを有している。本実施形態のエンジン２０は、ガスタービンエンジンである。ガスタービンエンジンは、起動が速いので、非常用に適している。ただし、エンジン２０は、ガスタービンエンジンに限定されず、例えば、ディーゼルエンジン、ガスエンジン、オットーサイクルエンジン等の熱機関であってもよい。 The power generation system 1 further includes a power generation device 14 and a power switching unit 16. The power generation device 14 is an emergency power generation device for supplying power to the power consumer 12 in an emergency. The power generation device 14 is used, for example, as an emergency power generation device for a building such as a condominium or a building. The power generator 14 has a generator 18 and an engine 20 for driving the generator 18. The engine 20 of the present embodiment is a gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engines are suitable for emergency because they have a fast start-up. However, the engine 20 is not limited to a gas turbine engine, and may be, for example, a heat engine such as a diesel engine, a gas engine, or an Otto cycle engine.
　本実施形態のガスタービンエンジン２０は、都市ガスを燃料としている。都市ガスを燃料とすることで、燃料の入手が容易となる。ただし、エンジン２０の燃料は都市ガスに限定されない。本実施形態の発電システム１は、さらに、非常用燃料タンク２２を備えている。非常用燃料タンク２２には、都市ガスの供給停止時にエンジン２０に供給される燃料が貯留されている。これにより、都市ガスの供給停止時にも、発電装置１４の運転が可能となる。 The gas turbine engine 20 of the present embodiment uses city gas as fuel. By using city gas as fuel, it becomes easy to obtain fuel. However, the fuel of the engine 20 is not limited to city gas. The power generation system 1 of the present embodiment further includes an emergency fuel tank 22. The emergency fuel tank 22 stores the fuel supplied to the engine 20 when the supply of the city gas is stopped. Thereby, the operation of the power generation device 14 can be performed even when the supply of the city gas is stopped.
　電力切替手段１６は、発電装置１４から得られた電力を送配電設備ＴＤに供給して売買する場合と、電力需要者１２に電力を供給する場合とで電力供給系統を切り替える。詳細には、電力切替手段１６は、通常時であり且つ所定の売買条件が満たされた特定時間のみに送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給して売買し、非常時に電力需要者１２に電力を供給するように構成されている。つまり、通常時、発電装置１４は、特定時間にのみ運転し、それ以外は停止している。送配電設備ＴＤに供給された電力は、例えば、電力売買者２４により買われ、電力売買者２４との契約に基づいて一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２に供給される。 The power switching unit 16 switches the power supply system between the case where the power obtained from the power generation device 14 is supplied to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading and the case where the power demander 12 is supplied with power. Specifically, the power switching means 16 supplies power to the transmission / distribution facility TD for trading only during a specific time that is normal and a predetermined trading condition is satisfied, and supplies power to the power consumer 12 in an emergency It is configured to That is, at normal times, the power generation device 14 operates only at a specific time, and is otherwise stopped. The power supplied to the transmission and distribution facility TD is, for example, purchased by the power trader 24 and supplied to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 based on a contract with the power trader 24.
　所定の売買条件とは、例えば、電力の市場価格が所定値よりも高いことである。この場合、特定時間は、電力の市場価格が所定値よりも高い時間帯、すなわち、電力需要が高い時間帯となる。 The predetermined trading condition is, for example, that the market price of power is higher than a predetermined value. In this case, the specific time is a time zone in which the market price of power is higher than a predetermined value, that is, a time zone in which the power demand is high.
　本実施形態では、前述のとおり、電力需要者１２は電力売買者２４と事前契約をし、非常時に発電装置１４から電力が電力需要者１２に供給されるようになっている。具体的には、電力需要者１２の電力使用量は各電力需要者１２に設置されたスマートメータで管理されている。スマートメータの通信機能を活用して、停電を検知し制御装置１５で電力切替手段１６を制御することで電力の供給先が切り換え可能となっている。スマートメータを使用しない場合、一次送電線４および二次送電線８を含む外部からの送電系統に設けた停電検知手段（図示せず）により非常時（停電）の判断を行ってもよい。停電検知手段は、例えば、電流、電圧、電力等を検出するセンサである。 In the present embodiment, as described above, the power demander 12 pre-contracts with the power trader 24, and power is supplied from the power generation device 14 to the power demander 12 in an emergency. Specifically, the power consumption of the power consumer 12 is managed by the smart meter installed in each power consumer 12. The power supply destination can be switched by detecting a power failure and controlling the power switching means 16 by the control device 15 by utilizing the communication function of the smart meter. When the smart meter is not used, the determination of emergency (power failure) may be performed by a power failure detection means (not shown) provided in the power transmission system from the outside including the primary power transmission line 4 and the secondary power transmission line 8. The power failure detection unit is, for example, a sensor that detects current, voltage, power, and the like.
　つぎに、図１および図２を用いて、本実施形態の発電システム１の電力供給を説明する。図１は通常時の電力の流れを示し、図２は非常時の電力の流れを示している。ただし、通常時、非常時の電力の流れは、本実施形態のものに限定されない。 Next, power supply of the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment will be described using FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows the flow of power at normal times, and FIG. 2 shows the flow of power at emergency. However, the flow of power during normal times and in an emergency is not limited to that of this embodiment.
　図１の通常時では、上述のように、外部からの送電系統を介して一般需要者１１および電力需要者１２に電力が供給されている。また、電力切替手段１６は、制御装置１５によって送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給して売買するように切り替えられており、発電装置１４は、通常時の特定時間にのみ運転し、破線の矢印ＥＰで示すように、送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給する。電力切替手段１６は、例えば、切換スイッチである。 In the normal time of FIG. 1, as described above, power is supplied to the general consumer 11 and the power consumer 12 via the transmission system from the outside. Further, the power switching means 16 is switched by the control device 15 to supply power to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading, and the power generation device 14 operates only during a specific time in a normal time, and the broken arrow EP As shown in, supply power to the transmission and distribution equipment TD. The power switching unit 16 is, for example, a switch.
　図２は、一次送電線４でトラブルが発生し、外部からの送電系統を介して電力需要者１２に電力が供給されなくなったケースを例示している。図２の非常時では、電力切替手段１６は電力需要者１２に電力を供給するように切り替えられており、発電装置１４は常時運転し、電力需要者１２に電力を供給する。 FIG. 2 exemplifies a case where a trouble occurs in the primary power transmission line 4 and power is not supplied to the power consumer 12 through the transmission system from the outside. In the emergency of FIG. 2, the power switching unit 16 is switched to supply power to the power consumer 12, and the power generation device 14 operates at all times to supply power to the power consumer 12.
　上記構成によれば、発電装置１４が、図１の通常時と図２の非常時の両方に活用される。これにより、非常時の電力供給を確保して社会のレジリエンス性を向上させることができるとともに、通常時にも安定した電力供給を実現できる。また、発電装置１４の通常時の運転は、電力需要の高い時間帯の特定時間に限られるので、発電装置１４を効果的に活用できる。 According to the above configuration, the power generation device 14 is utilized for both the normal time of FIG. 1 and the emergency time of FIG. 2. As a result, it is possible to secure the power supply in an emergency and improve the resiliency of the society, and it is possible to realize the stable power supply even in the normal time. In addition, since the normal operation of the power generation device 14 is limited to the specific time of the time zone where the power demand is high, the power generation device 14 can be effectively used.
　図３、４は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る発電システム１Ａを示す系統図である。第１実施形態と同じ構成要素には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。第２実施形態では、図３の発電装置１４は、マンションのような集合住宅Ｈの非常用発電装置として用いられ、非常時に集合住宅Ｈの住人および事前に契約した周辺の電力需要者１２に電力を供給する。 3 and 4 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1A according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the second embodiment, the power generation device 14 of FIG. 3 is used as an emergency power generation device of a collective housing H such as a condominium, and supplies power to the residents of the collective housing H and the surrounding power consumers 12 who contracted in advance in an emergency. Supply.
　本実施形態の発電システム１Ａは、集合住宅Ｈに発電装置１４ととともに設置された温水生成器２６と、貯水タンク２８と、温水供給ライン３０とを備えている。温水生成器２６は、エンジン２０の排ガスＧの熱を利用して温水を生成する。貯水タンク２８は、温水生成器２６で生成された温水を貯留する。本実施形態の貯水タンク２８は、断熱構造を有している。貯水タンク２８には、例えば、水道水Ｗが供給される。本実施形態の温水生成器２６は、貯水タンク２８の下部に配置されて、排ガスＧと水との間で熱交換させる熱交換器（エコノマイザ）からなる。ただし、温水生成器２６は、これに限定されない。 The power generation system 1A of the present embodiment includes a hot water generator 26, which is installed in the collective housing H together with the power generator 14, a water storage tank 28, and a hot water supply line 30. The hot water generator 26 uses the heat of the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 to generate hot water. The water storage tank 28 stores the hot water generated by the hot water generator 26. The water storage tank 28 of the present embodiment has a heat insulation structure. For example, tap water W is supplied to the water storage tank 28. The hot water generator 26 of the present embodiment is disposed in the lower part of the water storage tank 28 and is composed of a heat exchanger (economizer) that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas G and water. However, the hot water generator 26 is not limited to this.
　温水供給ライン３０は、貯水タンク２８から取り出した温水を熱需要者３２に供給する。この温水は、熱源として、給湯、空調（冷暖房）等に用いられる。ここで、「熱需要者」は、発電装置１４のエンジン２０の排熱を利用して生成された温水の提供を受け、この温水を熱源として利用する世帯をいう。本実施形態では、熱需要者３２は集合住宅Ｈの各住戸である。つまり、本実施形態では、集合住宅Ｈの各住戸が、電力需要者１２であり、熱需要者３２でもある。したがって、本実施形態では、集合住宅Ｈ以外の電力需要者１２には温水は供給されない。電力需要者１２および熱需要者３２は、本実施形態のように一部（集合住宅Ｈの全戸のみ）が一致していてもよく、全体が一致していてもよく、あるいは全く異なっていてもよい。 The hot water supply line 30 supplies the hot water extracted from the water storage tank 28 to the heat demander 32. This hot water is used as a heat source for hot water supply, air conditioning (heating and cooling), and the like. Here, the “heat demander” refers to a household that receives the provision of hot water generated using exhaust heat of the engine 20 of the power generation device 14 and uses the hot water as a heat source. In the present embodiment, the heat demander 32 is each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, in the present embodiment, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12 and also the heat demander 32. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the hot water is not supplied to the power consumers 12 other than the collective housing H. The electric power demander 12 and the heat demander 32 may be partially identical (only all the houses in the apartment house H) as in this embodiment, may be entirely identical, or may be completely different. Good.
　本実施形態の発電システム１Ａは、さらに、生活用水供給ライン３４を備えている。生活用水供給ライン３４は、貯水タンク２８から取り出した水を水需要者３３に供給する。ここで、「水需要者」は、貯水タンク２８から取り出された水を生活用水として利用する世帯をいう。本実施形態では、水需要者３３は集合住宅Ｈの各住戸である。つまり、本実施形態では、集合住宅Ｈの各住戸が、電力需要者１２であり、熱需要者３２であり、水需要者３３でもある。したがって、本実施形態では、集合住宅Ｈ以外の世帯には水（生活用水）は供給されない。本実施形態では、熱需要者３２と水需要者３３は完全に一致しているが、異なっていてもよく、一部が一致していてもよい。 The power generation system 1A of the present embodiment further includes a daily life water supply line 34. The domestic water supply line 34 supplies the water demander 33 with the water extracted from the water storage tank 28. Here, the “water demander” refers to a household that uses the water extracted from the water storage tank 28 as domestic water. In the present embodiment, the water demander 33 is each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, in the present embodiment, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12, the heat demander 32, and the water demander 33. Therefore, in the present embodiment, water (living water) is not supplied to households other than the collective housing H. In the present embodiment, the heat demander 32 and the water demander 33 completely coincide with each other, but may be different or partially coincide with each other.
　貯水タンク２８は、上下方向に長い形状を有しており、上部に温水が貯留され、下部に冷水が貯留されている。したがって、温水供給ライン３０は貯水タンク２８の上部に接続され、生活用水供給ライン３４は貯水タンク２８の下部に接続されている。これにより、１つの温水生成器２６および貯水タンク２８から温水と生活用水を取り出すことができる。 The water storage tank 28 has a shape that is long in the vertical direction, hot water is stored in the upper part, and cold water is stored in the lower part. Therefore, the hot water supply line 30 is connected to the upper part of the water storage tank 28, and the daily life water supply line 34 is connected to the lower part of the water storage tank 28. Thereby, hot water and household water can be taken out from one hot water generator 26 and the water storage tank 28.
　本実施形態の発電システム１Ａは、さらに、排ガスＧを外部へ排出する煙突３６と、排ガス切替手段３８とを備えている。排ガス切替手段３８は、排ガスＧを温水生成器２６を介して煙突３６に流入させる場合（温水生成器２６側）と、温水生成器２６を介さずに煙突３６に流入させる場合（煙突３６側）とを切り替える。排ガス切替手段３８は、例えば、排気通路に取り付けられたダンパである。 The power generation system 1A of the present embodiment further includes a chimney 36 for discharging the exhaust gas G to the outside, and an exhaust gas switching means 38. The exhaust gas switching means 38 makes the exhaust gas G flow into the chimney 36 via the hot water generator 26 (hot water generator 26 side) and makes the chimney 36 flow into the chimney 36 without the hot water generator 26 (chimney 36 side) And switch. The exhaust gas switching means 38 is, for example, a damper attached to the exhaust passage.
　つぎに、図３および図４を用いて、本実施形態の発電システム１Ａの動作を説明する。図３は通常時の動作を示し、図４は非常時の動作を示している。図３の通常時では、上述のように、外部からの送電系統を介して電力需要者１２に電力が供給されている。また、電力切替手段１６は、制御装置１５によって送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給して売買するように切り替えられており、発電装置１４は、通常時の特定時間にのみ運転し、破線の矢印ＥＰで示すように、送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給する。 Next, the operation of the power generation system 1A of the present embodiment will be described using FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 shows a normal operation, and FIG. 4 shows an emergency operation. In the normal state of FIG. 3, as described above, power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via the transmission system from the outside. Further, the power switching means 16 is switched by the control device 15 to supply power to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading, and the power generation device 14 operates only during a specific time in a normal time, and the broken arrow EP As shown in, supply power to the transmission and distribution equipment TD.
　排ガス切替手段３８は貯水タンク２８内に一定量以上の水が貯留されているとき、温水生成器２６側に切り替えられている。この状態で通常時の特定時間に発電装置１４が運転している際、エンジン２０の排熱を利用して温水生成器２６により温水が生成され、貯水タンク２８に貯められている。この温水が、熱需要者３２に供給され、熱源として給湯、空調等に用いられている。通常時の発電装置１４の運転時間を水需要者３２の一日分の温水を生成できる時間以上に設定すれば、給湯、空調に用いられる一日分の熱源を確保できる。 The exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the hot water generator 26 side when water of a fixed amount or more is stored in the water storage tank 28. In this state, when the power generation device 14 is operating at a specific time in a normal time, hot water is generated by the hot water generator 26 using exhaust heat of the engine 20 and stored in the water storage tank 28. The hot water is supplied to the heat demander 32, and is used as a heat source for hot water supply, air conditioning, and the like. If the operation time of the power generation device 14 at the normal time is set to a time that can generate the hot water for one day of the water demander 32, it is possible to secure the heat source for one day used for hot water supply and air conditioning.
　図４の非常時には、電力切替手段１６は、制御装置１５によって電力需要者１２に電力を供給するように切り替えられる。発電装置１４は常時運転され、発電装置１４で生成された電力が電力需要者１２に供給される。非常時であっても貯水タンク２８への水の供給が継続されている場合には、排ガス切替手段３８は温水生成器２６側に切り替えられている。このとき、生成された温水は、温水供給ライン３０を介して熱需要者３２に供給され、通常時と同様に熱源として給湯、空調等に用いられている。 In the emergency of FIG. 4, the power switching means 16 is switched by the controller 15 to supply power to the power consumer 12. The generator 14 is operated at all times, and the power generated by the generator 14 is supplied to the power consumer 12. When the water supply to the water storage tank 28 continues even in an emergency, the exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the hot water generator 26 side. At this time, the generated hot water is supplied to the heat demander 32 through the hot water supply line 30, and is used for hot water supply, air conditioning, etc. as a heat source as in the normal time.
　非常時で且つ貯水タンク２８への水の供給が止まっている場合、排ガス切替手段３８は煙突３６側に切り替えられる。つまり、エンジン２０の排ガスＧは、温水生成器２６を介さず直接、煙突３６から排出される。このとき、貯水タンク２８内の水は、生活用水供給ライン３４を介して水需要者３３に供給され、生活用水として利用される。排ガス切替手段３８の切替えのタイミングは、本実施形態に限定されない。 In an emergency and when the water supply to the water storage tank 28 is stopped, the exhaust gas switching means 38 is switched to the chimney 36 side. That is, the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 is discharged from the chimney 36 directly without passing through the hot water generator 26. At this time, the water in the water storage tank 28 is supplied to the water demander 33 through the domestic water supply line 34, and is used as domestic water. The timing of switching of the exhaust gas switching means 38 is not limited to the present embodiment.
　第２実施形態も、前述の第１実施形態と同様の効果を有する。さらに、第２実施形態によれば、エンジンＥの排ガスＧの熱を利用して温水を安価に供給できるうえに、コジェネレーションにより総合エネルギー効率を高めることができる。特に、エンジン２０としてガスタービンエンジンを用いる場合、排ガス量が多く、排ガスの温度が高いので、温水生成器２６（熱交換器）の効率が高い。 The second embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above. Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, hot water can be supplied inexpensively using the heat of the exhaust gas G of the engine E, and the overall energy efficiency can be enhanced by cogeneration. In particular, when a gas turbine engine is used as the engine 20, the efficiency of the hot water generator 26 (heat exchanger) is high because the amount of exhaust gas is large and the temperature of the exhaust gas is high.
　また、貯水タンク２８から取り出した水が、水需要者３３に生活用水として供給されている。これにより、１つの貯水タンク２８から、熱源として温水を取り出して熱需要者３２に供給するとともに、生活用水として水を取り出して水需要者３３に供給することができる。 Further, the water taken out from the water storage tank 28 is supplied to the water demander 33 as domestic water. Thus, it is possible to take out hot water as a heat source from one water storage tank 28 and supply it to the heat demander 32, and also take out water as household water to supply it to the water demander 33.
　さらに、エンジン２０の排ガスＧの行先を温水生成器２６側と煙突３６側とに切り替える排ガス切替手段３８が設けられている。これにより、例えば、災害などで水道水Ｗの供給が停止したときに、排ガスＧが温水生成器２６に導入されるのを避けることで、温水生成器２６の過熱を防止できる。また、断水時にも、生活用水が給水可能である。 Further, an exhaust gas switching means 38 is provided which switches the destination of the exhaust gas G of the engine 20 to the hot water generator 26 side and the chimney 36 side. Thus, for example, when the supply of the tap water W is stopped due to a disaster or the like, by preventing the exhaust gas G from being introduced into the hot water generator 26, overheating of the hot water generator 26 can be prevented. In addition, household water can be supplied even when water is shut off.
　なお、貯水タンク２８に貯留される水は水道水（上水）に限定されず、防錆剤入りの飲料不可の水（中水、雑用水）であってもよい。
　また、変形例として、図３，図４から生活用水供給ライン３４および水需要者３３を省略し、貯水タンク２８内の水が熱需要者３２に常に供給されるようにしてもよい。この変形例においても、コジェネレーションにより総合エネルギー効率を高めることができる。 In addition, the water stored in the water storage tank 28 is not limited to tap water (upper water), and may be non-drinkable water containing rust inhibitor (middle water, miscellaneous water).
As a modification, the household water supply line 34 and the water demander 33 may be omitted from FIGS. 3 and 4 so that the water in the water storage tank 28 is always supplied to the heat demander 32. Also in this modification, the overall energy efficiency can be enhanced by the cogeneration.
　図５、６は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る発電システム１Ｂを示す系統図である。第２実施形態と同じ構成要素には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。 5 and 6 are system diagrams showing a power generation system 1B according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
　第３実施形態の発電システム１Ｂは、通常時に発電装置１４から得られた電力を送配電設備ＴＤに供給して売買する第１供給系統４０と、非常時に発電装置１４の電力を電力需要者１２に供給する第２供給系統４２とを別個に備えている。つまり、第３実施形態の電力切替手段１６は、通常時に第１供給系統４０に切り替えられ、非常時に第２供給系統４２に切り替えられる。本実施形態では、第２供給系統４２は集合住宅Ｈの各住戸に繋がっている。つまり、集合住宅Ｈの各住戸が電力需要者１２となっている。ただし、図５に二点鎖線で示すように、第２供給系統４２を延長して、集合住宅Ｈ以外に、事前に契約した住戸、建物に接続することもできる。 The power generation system 1B according to the third embodiment normally supplies the power obtained from the power generation device 14 to the transmission and distribution facility TD for trading and supplies the power of the power generation device 14 during an emergency. And the second supply system 42 for supplying the That is, the power switching unit 16 of the third embodiment is switched to the first supply system 40 at normal times, and is switched to the second supply system 42 at emergency. In the present embodiment, the second supply system 42 is connected to each dwelling unit of the collective housing H. That is, each dwelling unit of the collective housing H is the power demander 12. However, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 5, the second supply system 42 can be extended to connect to a dwelling unit and a building contracted in advance in addition to the collective housing H.
　つぎに、図５および図６を用いて、本実施形態の発電システム１Ｂの動作を説明する。図５は通常時の動作を示し、図６は非常時の動作を示している。図５の通常時では、上述のように、外部からの送電系統を介して電力需要者１２に電力が供給されている。また、電力切替手段１６は第１供給系統４０に切り替えられており、発電装置１４は、通常時の特定時間にのみ運転し、破線の矢印ＥＰで示すように、送配電設備ＴＤに電力を供給する。 Next, the operation of the power generation system 1B of the present embodiment will be described using FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows a normal operation, and FIG. 6 shows an emergency operation. In the normal state of FIG. 5, as described above, power is supplied to the power consumer 12 via the transmission system from the outside. Further, the power switching means 16 is switched to the first supply system 40, and the power generation device 14 operates only at a specific time during normal operation, and supplies power to the transmission and distribution facility TD as indicated by the broken arrow EP. Do.
　図６の非常時には、電力切替手段１６は第２供給系統４２に切り替えられており、発電装置１４は常時運転し、電力需要者１２に電力を供給する。 In the emergency of FIG. 6, the power switching unit 16 is switched to the second supply system 42, and the power generation device 14 operates at all times to supply power to the power consumer 12.
　通常時および非常時における温水、生活用水の供給は、上述の第２実施形態と同じである。第３実施形態の発電システム１Ｂによれば、第２実施形態と同様の効果を有する。 The supply of hot water and domestic water during normal and emergency times is the same as in the second embodiment described above. The power generation system 1B of the third embodiment has the same effect as that of the second embodiment.
　第１～３実施形態のガスタービンエンジン２０として、デュアル燃料の低ＮＯｘ燃焼器を採用し、通常時には都市ガスによる低ＮＯｘ運転とすることが好ましい。これにより、環境保護を実現できる。また、第２および第３実施形態において、吸収式冷凍機のような、温水を熱源として冷水を生成する装置を設ければ、夏場に空調用の冷水を安価に供給できる。 As the gas turbine engine 20 of the first to third embodiments, it is preferable to adopt a dual fuel low NOx combustor, and normally perform low NOx operation with city gas. Thereby, environmental protection can be realized. In the second and third embodiments, cold water for air conditioning can be inexpensively supplied to the summer season by providing an apparatus such as an absorption chiller to generate cold water using hot water as a heat source.
　本発明は、以上の実施形態に限定されるものでなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、種々の追加、変更または削除が可能である。したがって、そのようなものも本発明の範囲内に含まれる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various additions, modifications, or deletions can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, such is also included in the scope of the present invention.
１，１Ａ，１Ｂ　発電システム
１２　電力需要者
１４　発電装置
１５　制御装置
１６　電力切替手段
１８　発電機
２０　エンジン
２６　温水生成器
２８　貯水タンク
３０　温水供給ライン
３２　熱需要者
３３　水需要者
３４　生活用水供給ライン
３６　煙突
３８　排ガス切替手段
ＴＤ　送配電設備 1, 1 A, 1 B Power generation system 12 Power demand person 14 Power generation device 15 Control device 16 Power switching means 18 Power generation unit 20 Engine 26 Hot water generator 28 Water storage tank 30 Hot water supply line 32 Heat demander 33 Water demander 34 Home water supply line 36 chimney 38 exhaust gas switching means TD transmission and distribution equipment

Claims (4)

  1. 　発電機とこれを駆動するエンジンを有する発電装置と、
    　前記発電装置から得られた電力を送配電設備に供給して売買する場合と、電力需要者に供給する場合とを切り替える電力切替手段と、を備え、
    　前記電力切替手段は、前記送配電設備を含む外部からの送電系統を介して前記電力需要者に電力が供給される通常時であり且つ所定の売買条件が満たされた特定時間のみに前記送配電設備に前記電力を供給して売買し、前記外部からの送電系統を介して前記電力需要者に電力が供給されない非常時に前記電力需要者に前記電力を供給するように構成されている発電システム。     A power generator having a generator and an engine for driving the generator;
    Power switching means for switching between the case where power obtained from the power generation apparatus is supplied to a power transmission and distribution facility to be traded, and the case where power is supplied to a power consumer;
    The power switching means is a normal time when power is supplied to the power demander through an external transmission system including the power transmission and distribution facility, and the power transmission and distribution is performed only during a specific time when a predetermined trading condition is satisfied. A power generation system configured to supply and sell the power to a facility, and to supply the power to the power demander in an emergency where the power demander is not supplied with power via the transmission system from the outside.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の発電システムにおいて、さらに、前記エンジンの排ガスの熱を利用して温水を生成する温水生成器と、
    　前記温水生成器で生成された温水を貯留する貯水タンクと、
    　前記貯水タンクから取り出した前記温水を熱源として熱需要者に供給する温水供給ラインと、を備えた発電システム。     The power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising: a hot water generator that generates hot water using heat of exhaust gas of the engine;
    A water storage tank for storing the hot water generated by the hot water generator;
    A power generation system comprising: a hot water supply line configured to supply a heat demander with the hot water extracted from the water storage tank as a heat source.
  3. 　請求項２に記載の発電システムにおいて、さらに、前記貯水タンクから取り出した水を生活用水として水需要者に供給する生活用水供給ラインを備えた発電システム。 The power generation system according to claim 2, further comprising: a domestic water supply line for supplying water taken out from the water storage tank to the water demander as domestic water.
  4. 　請求項１または２に記載の発電システムにおいて、さらに、前記排ガスを外部へ排出する煙突と、
    　前記排ガスを前記温水生成器を介して前記煙突に流入させる場合と、前記排ガスを前記温水生成器を介さずに前記煙突に流入させる場合とを切り替える排ガス切替手段と、を備えた発電システム。     The power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising: a chimney for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside;
    A power generation system comprising exhaust gas switching means for switching between the case where the exhaust gas flows into the chimney through the hot water generator and the case where the exhaust gas flows into the chimney without the warm water generator.
PCT/JP2018/037698 2017-10-16 2018-10-10 Power generation system WO2019078059A1 (en)

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JP2005229710A (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-25 Nippon Galaxy Engineering:Kk Sold power/purchased power zero control power receiving/generating system and method in interconnection system with reverse power flow
JP2015008569A (en) * 2013-06-25 2015-01-15 中国電力株式会社 Power generator using cold lng
JP2015050826A (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-16 大阪瓦斯株式会社 Demand response system

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