WO2019076805A1

WO2019076805A1 - Security element or security document

Info

Publication number: WO2019076805A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/078056
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Stewart
Original assignee: Koenig & Bauer Ag
Priority date: 2017-10-20
Filing date: 2018-10-15
Publication date: 2019-04-25

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a security element (01) or security document (02), wherein - a substrate is printed, simultaneously and/or on a same print position, on a first side with multiple superimposed partial printed images using at least one printing unit (101; 102) - and an optically imaging structure (03) comprising microlenses (11) is applied inline on the same or on the other side of the substrate (26) using an application device (116; 117). The invention also relates to the security element or security document itself, comprising an arrangement of multiple microlenses and a printed image underlying this arrangement.

Description

description

Security element or security document

The invention relates to a method for producing a security element or security document according to claim 1 as well as the security element or security document itself, comprising an arrangement of a plurality of microlenses and a printed image underlaid by this arrangement, according to claim 68.

WO 2017/081 447 A1 discloses a method for producing a picture element array for an optically variable security device. The method comprises:

Providing a production tool having a surface pattern of ink-receiving elements spaced from areas that are not receptive to ink, the ink-receiving elements defining the pixels of the desired pixel array; Applying a multicolor first image formed of a plurality of inks to only the ink-receiving elements of the surface pattern and not to the areas therebetween.

By the US 2012/0 274 998 A1 is a safety device with a

Lenticular device known with an array of lenticular

Focusing elements, which over a corresponding arrangement of sets of

Image strips are arranged so that in different viewing directions, a corresponding image strip from each sentence on each of the lens-shaped

Focusing is considered, the image strips are at least partially defined by a relief structure.

US 2009/0310185 A1 discloses a security element or a security document, each having an arrangement with a print image and one of several plano-convex ones Microlenses existing optical imaging structure removed and a method for producing this security element or this security document.

DE 1 1 2013 002 927 T5 discloses a security element comprising: a plurality of focusing elements, a plurality of image regions, wherein each image region is associated with a focusing element, each image region is printed with at least two layers, the first layer is from a reference axis in the image region is offset by a first predetermined amount, the second layer is offset from a reference axis in the image region by a second predetermined amount, each layer has a different color, and each image region comprises at least a first and a second subregion, wherein a first image in one first viewing angle from the first

Subregion and a second image in a second viewing angle range from the second subregion is formed.

DE 20 2004 021 712 U1 discloses a film material in which a regular two-dimensional arrangement of non-cylindrical lenses is used to enlarge microimages and to form a synthetically magnified image by the combined performance of a plurality of individual image systems with lenses and microimages; the

Total thickness of the film material is less than 50 μηη; the lenses being one

Have diameters of less than 50 μηη; the lenses being a

Have base geometry that is substantially circular; the lenses having an F-number less than 4, say less than 2; with a space between the lenses that does not directly contribute to the synthetic enlargement of the images; the microimages being formed by the voids in a microstructure or the solid areas; wherein there is an optical spacer between the lenses and the microimages, the optical spacer being a separate substrate; whereby the synthetically magnified image appears to rest on a plane in space that is optically deeper than the thickness of the film material and the effect that the synthetically magnified image appears to rest on a plane in space that is optically deeper than that Thickness of the film material is visible from all azimuthal viewing positions and over a wide range of height positions, from the vertical height down to a flat elevation angle, which is typically less than 45 °; the synthetically magnified image being its shape or shape or combinations thereof

Properties changes when the material is viewed from different angles; wherein the synthetically enlarged image is colorless; the background around the synthetically magnified image being transparent or translucent; wherein the material is at least partially overprinted by having a pressure applied to the uppermost surface of the material, such as the uppermost lens surface; and wherein the film material is laminated with paper or provided as a thread or patch.

An arrangement of several microlenses is known from US 2017/0 246 900 A1, wherein these microlenses form an optically imaging structure in the form of a geometrical figure, wherein several within the area of the geometric figure

Lenticular raster different from each other

Orientation are arranged.

WO 2017/177 276 A1 discloses a method for producing an arrangement of microlenses, comprising a transparent substrate, having a plurality of first lens elements on a first side of the substrate, enlarging the first picture elements on a second side of the substrate, and US Pat a variety of second

Lens elements on the second side of the substrate which enlarge second pixels on the first side of the substrate, wherein the plurality of first and second lens elements and first and second pixels are strips of

There are lens areas that are nested with image strips.

US 2016/0176221 A1 discloses a safety device which comprises: an array of focusing elements, each focusing element thereto adapted to focus light in at least two orthogonal directions, the focusing elements being arranged on a regular two-dimensional grid; and an arrangement of elongated picture elements overlapping the array of focusing elements configured such that each focusing element can direct light from any one of a respective set of at least two elongate picture elements to the viewer, depending on the viewing angle; wherein in a first region of the security device, the elongated picture elements extend along a first direction and in a second region of the

Security device, the elongated pixels along a second direction, which is different from the first direction, extend.

It is known from US 2013/0 252 008 A1 to form a diffusely reflecting microstructure with a roughness depth in the range of 130 ± 30 nm for a security product.

DE 10 2006 029 852 A1 discloses a method for applying a colored or colorless microstructure to a carrier, in which

a) a mold is provided whose surface is an array of

Has elevations and depressions in the form of the desired microstructure, b) the depressions of the mold are filled with a curable colored or colorless lacquer,

c) the backing is pretreated for good anchoring of the colored or colorless lacquer,

d) the surface of the tool mold is brought into contact with the carrier, e) the lacquer which is in contact with the carrier is hardened in the depressions of the mold and is thereby connected to the carrier, and

f) the surface of the tool mold is removed again from the support, so that the hardened paint associated with the support is pulled out of the recesses of the tool mold. By the US 2013/0 038 942 A1 a security document is known which a

A document substrate having at least two transparent or translucent windows spaced apart from each other and a device comprising a transparent substrate carrying: i) a uniform array of micro-focusing elements on a first surface, the focusing elements defining a focal plane; ii) a corresponding first array of microimage elements in a first color and in a plane substantially coincident with the focal plane of the focusing elements; and, iii) a corresponding second array of microimage elements, in a color other than the first color, and in a plane substantially coincident with the focal plane of the focusing elements, the pitches of the micro-focusing elements and the first and second arrays of microimage elements and their relative positions are such that the array of micro-focus elements cooperates with each of the first and second arrays of micro-pixels to generate respective magnified versions of the micro-pixels of each array due to the moiré effect; and wherein at least a portion of the first array of microimage elements is not overlapped by the second and at least a portion of the second array of the

Microimage elements are not overlapped by the first one; wherein the device is incorporated into the document substrate or applied thereto in alignment with the at least two windows, the device being registered with respect to the document substrate such that the enlarged version of the first microimage element array is visible through the first of the two windows and the enlarged version of the second

Micro picture element array is visible through the second of the two windows, wherein the transition between the two micro picture element arrangements by the

Document substrate is hidden between the two windows.

From DE 12 54 056 A, a flexible plastic film for decorative purposes is known, with three-dimensional dynamic color effect, wherein it consists of a transparent, about 0.1 to 1 mm thick, flexible plastic screen foil on the still several individual films can be applied, wherein the grid is composed of a plurality of juxtaposed, extending over the uppermost film cylindrical lenses and on the underside of the grid foil and / or between the individual foils per a number of color lines in the same or slightly different numbers per

Length unit as the cylindrical lenses are printed so that they are at a certain angle to the latter.

A reflective printed article is known from US 2003/0 205 895 A1, comprising: a substrate having a top surface; a graphic image formed over the top of the substrate; and a transparent textured pattern of a plurality of lines printed in portions over a surface of the graphic image and / or over a portion of the top surface of the substrate adjacent the graphic image, wherein the plurality of lines of the portion are all substantially parallel to each other are aligned in a first direction and characterized in that the plurality of lines of a directly adjacent portion are all substantially parallel to each other and aligned in a second direction different from the first direction, such that the plurality of parallel ones Lines in each directly adjacent section reflect and / or break the light in different directions.

US 2015/0146297 A1 discloses a security device having a printed lens assembly disposed on a first surface of a substrate and a microimage assembly underlying the printed lens assembly, wherein a synthetic image of portions of the microimages is passed through the security device further comprises at least one tactile element disposed on the first surface of the substrate having a height greater or lesser than the printed lenses, the at least one tactile element being mounted on the printed lens assembly and / or or aligned with the microimage array. By the AU 2017/101 215 A4 is a method of manufacturing a

A security device is known, comprising: providing a substrate having a first and a second side; Applying an ablative coating to the first side of the substrate; Directing laser light through a mask that transmits laser light

Includes sections corresponding to a desired pattern to be ablated by the ablative coating; Focusing laser light transmitted through the mask via projection optics to form a focused mask image on the ablative coating without passing through a first array of microlenses forming part of the security device, resulting in removal of the ablative coating in multiple Area leads to create multiple patterns, each pattern is visible at a certain viewing angle or angle range through the first array of microlenses.

WO 201 1/017 749 A1 discloses a method for forming a polarizing liquid crystal device, comprising the step of embossing at least one relief structure in a radiation-curable liquid crystal material, wherein the embossing step also aligns the liquid crystal material with a predetermined polarization pattern. The method also includes curing the embossed liquid crystal material, wherein the curing and embossing steps are performed substantially simultaneously. There is also described a polarizing liquid crystal device including at least one relief structure in an embossed region or regions of a radiation-curable liquid crystal device. The relief structure may comprise a diffractive structure. The liquid crystal material may be aligned with a predetermined polarization pattern in the embossed region or embossed regions, wherein the predetermined polarization pattern includes two or more regions of different polarizations.

From DE 30 48 733 C2 an identity card is known, the information applied by means of a laser beam information in the form of patterns, letters, numbers and / or images wherein the identification card has differently colored layer areas arranged one above the other, which are at least partially interrupted by visually recognizable information.

DE 1 1 000 000 957 T5 discloses a lens array for imaging a plurality of picture elements in an object plane, wherein the lens array contains a multiplicity of microlenses which lie in or on one side of a transparent or

translucent material having the image elements arranged on the opposite side, the lens array having a measurement thickness corresponding to the distance from the apex of each microlens to the object plane, each microlens having a set of lens parameters, the measurement thickness and / or at least one

Lens parameters are optimized so that each microlens has a focus size in the object plane, which is substantially equal to the size of the pixels in the

Is object plane or deviates from the size of the picture elements by a predetermined amount. The measuring thickness of the lens array is preferably smaller than the focal length of all microlenses. The picture elements can z. B. take the form of points or lines. The lens array of DE 1 2010 000 957 T5 is designed in such a way that in a cone or angle field of the light incident in the respective microlens in the direction of the picture elements parallel to the main plane of the respective microlens cutting plane always arranged only one of the juxtaposed pixels is, whereby for a viewing the print image under a certain viewing angle viewer at a given time always only a single frame is perceptible.

WO 2007/042919 A2 discloses a printing unit with printing units, by means of which substrate to be printed on a same printing location on a same page at the same time is printed with multi-colored partial printing images originating from a plurality of printing cylinders and superimposed on each other. From EP 2 996 885 B1 a method for producing a security document is known wherein application of a curable material to a first region of the substrate on its first surface, shaping of the curable material such that its surface remote from the substrate to the contours of a follows an optically variable effect-generating relief structure, and curing the

hardenable material, so that the relief structure is held by the cured material.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing a

Security element or a security document as well as to create the security element or security document itself, which each allow complex and / or differentiated animations.

The object is achieved by a method for producing a security element or a security document having the features of claim 1 as well as by the security element or security document itself, comprising an arrangement of a plurality of microlenses and a printed image underlaid by this arrangement, each having the features according to claim 68. The respective dependent claims each show advantageous embodiments and / or developments of each found solution.

Embodiments are shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a document having an optically imaging structure

Safety element;

Fig. 2 is a greatly enlarged sectional view of an arrangement having a

Printed image and an integrated in an optically imaging structure single plano-convex microlens with a light incidence from a first

Viewing angles; FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 2 with a light incidence from a second viewing angle; FIG.

4 is a plan view of an optical imaging structure formed in the form of a geometric figure;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of an assembled from lens grids optically

imaging structure;

6 shows an optically imaging structure consisting of a group of microlenses arranged in a grid of square grid cells;

7 shows an optically imaging structure consisting of a group of microlenses arranged in a grid of hexagonal grid cells;

FIG. 8 shows a picture element, which can be perceived by a viewer through a microlens, of a printed image underlying the microlens; FIG.

Fig. 9 is an imperceptible by a viewer through a microlens

Picture element of a microlens underlying printed image;

Fig. 10 periodically recurring picture elements in unequal phase to one

grid-shaped arrangement of microlenses;

Fig. 1 1 a template for the production roughened areas between each

Microlenses;

FIG. 12 shows microlenses positioned relative to picture elements of a printed image; FIG. 13 shows production steps for the formation of microlenses with areas not covered by these microlenses on the surface of the geometric figure, in particular white-colored areas;

14 shows an arrangement of a plurality of superimposed planes of a

Security element or a security document;

Fig. 15 shows an arrangement of masked color zones;

16 shows an optically imaging structure consisting of several in a grid

arranged groups of microlenses;

FIG. 17 shows an arrangement for forming structures in the micrometer range in a picture element of a microlens to be printed image.

FIG. 18 shows a schematic representation of a collective printing unit for the simultaneous two-sided multi-color printing; FIG.

Fig. 19 is a schematic representation of a printing unit with a than

Collective printing unit for the simultaneous two-sided multi-color printing

trained printing unit and in the substrate path upstream or downstream indicated application device;

Fig. 20 is a schematic representation of a printing unit with a than

Collective printing unit for the simultaneous two-sided multi-color printing

trained printing unit and one integrated in the substrate path inline

Application device.

In optics, the term "lens" is used to denote light that is transparent to light Component with at least one arranged in the beam path of the light

refractive surface. The term light is understood here as the visible part of the electromagnetic radiation to the human eye. in the

Electromagnetic spectrum includes the range of light wavelengths from about 380 nm (purple) to 780 nm (red). The following are based on converging lenses, ie incident light bundling lenses, in particular plano-convex lenses.

Preferred designs are, on the one hand, rotationally symmetrical spherically or aspherically formed lenses and, on the other hand, axisymmetric rod-shaped lenses, the respective axis of symmetry of the relevant lens and its optical axis in each case being congruent. The optical axis is thus an i. d. R. through the center of curvature of a convex lens surface extending straight line. For a plane lens surface, the optical axis is perpendicular to it. The curvature of a refractive z. B. convex surface is indicated by its radius of curvature, wherein the radius of curvature has its origin on the optical axis. A plane lens surface is defined by an infinite radius of curvature.

Rod-shaped lenses are designed in the form of either a rod length halved according to either straight circular cylinder or elliptical cylinder, wherein the respective axis of symmetry of such a lens extends orthogonal to their respective rod length. In a spherically formed lens, the refractive surface is as a

Surface section formed from a sphere, ie z. B. in the form of a spherical cap. An aspherically formed lens has at least one refractive surface deviating from the spherical or planar shape. The shape of rotationally symmetric aspherical surfaces is usually given as a conic (circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola) plus a correction polynomial for higher order deformations.

A lens has two cut from the beam path of the light surfaces, so-called envelope surfaces, wherein with respect to the light bundling is defined by the fact that the light enters a plano-convex convex lens respectively at their convexly curved envelope surface and the light exit from this lens takes place at its planar envelope surface. The envelope surfaces are in each case interfaces between different media in which the light propagates in each case. One of these media is formed by the material, ie the material of the lens in question. At least one other medium is the generally air-filled space in which the lens in question is located. Since at least two of the arranged in the beam path of the light media at least their respective optical material properties are different from each other, the light is refracted at the interface between these adjacent media. Thus, in each case a refraction of light, in particular at the curved envelope surface, takes place on at least one of the envelope surfaces of the respective lens. The with the

Refraction-related optical material property is expressed by the refractive index of the respective medium. The refractive index is a dimensionless physical quantity that indicates by what factor the

Wavelength and the phase velocity of the light in the medium in question are smaller than in a vacuum. Of two media forming a common interface with different refractive indices, the medium with the higher refractive index is called the more dense one. The Abbe number, also called the Abbe number, is a dimensionless quantity for the characterization of the optical dispersive

Properties of a lens and indicates how much their refractive index changes with the wavelength of light. The property of a lens to be able to produce an optical image from an object viewed through the relevant lens depends on the refractive index of the material of the respective lens and on the shape of its respective enveloping surfaces forming between different media.

As the main plane of a lens is in this component orthogonal to

Symmetry axis of the lens concerned arranged level. In a thin lens, in which their largest along the axis of symmetry extension, ie, the thickness of the lens is considered to be very small compared to the radius of curvature of its convex hull surface, because the radius of curvature of the convex hull z. B. at least five times larger than this thickness, can with mostly sufficient

Accuracy for a consideration of properties of the lens in question are based on only a single major level. In a plano-convex lens, this major plane coincides with the planar lens surface. The focal length of a lens is the distance between the main plane of the lens in question and its focus

(Focal point), which is to be understood here by the focus of a lens, an intersection of the lens bundled, parallel to this lens incident light rays. In this case, the light rays incident in parallel into the lens do not necessarily coincide parallel to their optical axis, but under an arbitrary, in particular acute, angle of incidence with respect to the main plane of the respective lens. A plane orthogonal to the optical axis in focus is called focal plane or focal plane.

The envelope of the respective lens serving for the entrance of light has axially opposite to its optical axis two oppositely bounding enveloping surfaces, e.g. B. lying in the main plane of this lens edge points, wherein the distance between these two edge points determines a width of the lens in question (= lens width). The aperture or opening width of a lens designates its free opening or its diameter, through which light beams can be received unhindered and corresponds at most to the lens width. The point which lies at the intersection of the optical axis with the enveloping surface of the lens in question is called the vertex. The vertex is located furthest away from the focus of this lens on the enveloping surface serving for light entrance.

A rotationally symmetrical spherical or aspherical lens focused light in them incident light in a cone or cone, the diameter of the base of this cone or cone maximum of the lens width and perpendicular to the

Base of this cone or cone standing height of the focal length of the lens in question. An axisymmetric rod-shaped lens focused in them incident light in a sharp angle field, the origin of the angular field in the focus of this lens lies. The numerical aperture describes the ability of a lens to focus light. It determines the minimum size of the light spot which can be generated in its focus and is thus an important quantity limiting the resolution.

Several respectively rotationally symmetrical spherically or aspherically formed lenses, which are arranged in a preferably even grid consisting of either square or hexagonal grid cells, in particular each gapless and without overlapping, form a lens group, which is also referred to as a lens array. Several each axially symmetric rod-shaped lenses, each also orthogonal to their rod length also preferably each without gaps and

lined up without overlapping, forming a lenticular, which is also referred to as a lenticular. Several lenses arranged in a latticed lens group and / or a plurality of lenses arranged in a lenticular grid each form in their respective composite an optically imaging structure in the form of a geometric figure which extends over a plane or curved surface. The surface of the optically imaging structure may have any desired contour, for. B. rectangular, round, oval or polygonal. In geometry, a geometric figure is understood as a set of points. With respect to the optically imaging structure is at least one

Subset of the geometric figure forming points each arranged a lens.

In an optically imaging structure, only one or more respective lattice-type lens groups or only one or more lenses arranged in a lenticular array as well as these two lens arrangements can be arranged mixed together with the respective other lens arrangement, so that both lattice-like lens groups in the same optically imaging structure as well as arranged in a lenticular lenses are arranged together. In this case formed in the relevant optically imaging structure lenticular z. B. also each one

have different orientation, the respective orientation of the

Lens raster concerned by the respective direction of the rod length of the construction of the lenticular lens involved.

A microlens is a miniaturized form of a conventional lens. The term microlens is to be understood here as meaning a lens whose lens width is less than 100 μm and preferably in the range between 20 μm and 65 μm. Microlenses have a focal length of less than z. B. 100 μηη, preferably at most 95 μηη. Microlenses are industrially manufacturable today. Microlenses made of a plastic or resin can, for. Example, using a (spray) casting or (injection) embossing process or printing process can be produced. Microlenses existing optically imaging structures are also referred to as micro-optical structures.

If an optically imaging structure formed in particular of microlenses is arranged in combination with a preferably areally formed print image or if, for example, by this optically imaging structure z. B. is applied to a print image exhibiting substrate or is, can be produced for the print image by the optically imaging structure viewing viewer various effects. Thus, a consisting of at least one printed image and at least one optically imaging structure arrangement z. B. so-called alternating images or Wackelbilder (flips) and / or spatial, d. H. create three-dimensional effects and / or morphing effects and / or zoom effects and / or animations. These effects are perceptible to a viewer without optical aids when viewing the print image alternately at different viewing angles. The perception presented to the observer by different viewing angles is also called a lenticular image.

The I. d. R. surface print image is z formed on the preferably two-dimensional substrate. B. in an industrial manufacturing process, preferably with a

Printing machine trained. The substrate is z. B. a printing material or as a Formed sheet. The print image is z. B. applied in a punctiform or linear grid on the substrate. The print image is therefore z. B. from several, in particular a plurality of pixels and / or lines. A

Pixel size or a line thickness is in a range of less than 100 μηη, preferably less than 50 μηη, in particular less than 20 μηη, z. B. in the range of about 5 μηη to 10 μηη. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the pixel size of pixels and / or the line width of lines each used to form one together with an optical imaging structure

Print image involved, z. B. each maximum as large, preferably less, in particular less than half as large as the respective lens width of the lenses involved in the construction of the relevant optically imaging structure.

As resolving power one calls in the optics the distinctness of fine structures, thus the minimum distance, the z. B. two pixels or two lines must have from each other in order to perceive them as separate pixels or lines can. The resolution of the naked human eye varies from person to person. Normal-sighted adults at a distance of 25 cm usually still structures at a distance of 150 μηη differ. This corresponds to a viewing angle of about 2 angular minutes, which is referred to as angular resolution. With weak contrasts, the visual acuity of the human eye decreases markedly, with visual acuity representing the reciprocal of the resolution. The lens width of a microlens is thus usually less than the resolution of the naked eye of a normal adult.

To produce a colorful print image, the substrate is or is printed with a plurality of printing inks, for. B. are on the substrate designated as primary colors inks red, green, blue and optionally formed the ink black. A printed image usually consists of an arrangement of several at different

Positions of the relevant printed image arranged small area picture elements, wherein each picture element preferably has a plurality of pixels or lines and, as a rule, extends over a length of less than 100 μm. Each picture element or a group of neighboring picture elements forms z. B. an object to be viewed through the lens. The individual picture elements are arranged in a printed image, as a rule, to form a print motif which determines the information content of a printed image. Due to its limited usually insufficient resolving power, single picture elements used in conjunction with a microlens are usually not perceived by the naked human eye singularly. A perceived by a person color impression of the printed image or at least a portion of this printed image is created by taking place in the eye and brain of the observer additive color mixing printed in the respective pixels in each case different colors in pixels and / or lines. An overlay of two primary colors results in the color impressions yellow, cyan and magenta, which are called secondary colors. A superposition of all three primary colors gives the color impression white. A color register, ie a Passerhaltigkeit, ie a fit of pixels and / or lines of different inks in their relative arrangement to each other is in the embodiments of the invention considered here each less than 10 μηη and is in particular in the range of about 5 μηη.

The optically imaging structure provided in connection with the exemplary embodiments of the invention considered here is preferably arranged in combination with pixels and / or lines of different printing inks. The printed image is or is preferably produced as or by superposing a plurality of partial printed images, wherein several or preferably each of the partial printed images z. B. is printed in a different ink or is. In this case, the overlay by successive

Overprint on the substrate or preferably by collecting the

Partial print images on a printing element, e.g. On a cylinder, and simultaneous delivery to the substrate. The partial print images in turn each consist of pixels and / or lines, the pixel size of these pixels and / or the line thickness of the respective lines are each in the micrometer range, z. B. in the range of less than 20 μηη. At a viewing the printed image

Observers superimpose themselves in the perception of the several partial printing images involved in this printed image z. B. to a color overall impression.

An arrangement consisting of at least one print image and at least one optically imaging structure allows a viewer viewing the print image to perceive several different individual images at different viewing angles, a sequence of individual images entering the viewer's perception

Alternating picture or wobbly picture (flip) and / or a spatial, d. H. Three-dimensional effect and / or a morphing effect and / or a zoom effect and / or a

Animation is created. Each of these frames is also referred to as a frame. The individual perceptible by the viewer at a certain viewing angle individual images formed by a defined by the optically imaging structure selection from the amount of perceptible at the respective positions of the microlenses due to the local at least one pixel or the local image elements partial pressure images, wherein the on a position of the printed image related color

Overall impression by superposition of all existing at this position and

noticeable partial print images arises. The optically imaging structure arranged in combination with a printed image is accordingly an optical masking of the partial printing images arranged in coincidence with the surface of the optically imaging structure and participating in the relevant printed image.

In order to allow a viewer viewing the printed image in each case at a certain viewing angle in each case several frames are perceived simultaneously, thereby z. B. to realize more complex and / or differentiated animations, an arrangement comprising a printed image and one of several plano-convex

Microlenses existing optical imaging structure proposed in which at least one microlens of the relevant optical imaging structure side by side a plurality of, preferably more than three, in particular between five and ten picture elements are arranged, these picture elements are arranged between the extension of the lens width of the respective microlens and their focus in a plane parallel to the main plane of the respective microlens cutting plane, wherein the cutting plane a cone or a Angle field of each incident through the lens width of the respective microlens in the direction of juxtaposed pixels incident light is arranged, wherein in the sectional plane within the cone or the angular field simultaneously several mutually different pixels

arranged in a row.

This results in an arrangement comprising a printed image and an existing multi-plano-convex microlenses optically imaging structure, each of these microlenses along the print image has a lens width preferably less than 100 μηι, wherein the print image has a plurality of pixels, wherein at least one of Microlenses of the respective optically imaging structure are each arranged a plurality of picture elements, wherein said plurality of each arranged under at least one of the microlenses of the respective optically imaging structure pixels are arranged side by side along the lens width and each in the direction of the lens width each have a shorter length than the respective

Lens width extend, wherein between the extension of the lens width of the microlens in question and its focus in a cone or in the angular field of each incident through the lens width of the respective microlens in the direction of juxtaposed pixels parallel to the main plane of the respective microlens cutting plane parallel to several, preferably at least three, in particular more than three, each different picture elements

arranged in a row. With this arrangement, in each case a plurality of frames can be perceived simultaneously for a viewer looking at the print image at a certain viewing angle, which translates into complex and / or differentiated animations as well as correspondingly color-formed picture elements Color transitions and / or different from the picture elements formed

Print motifs creates sliding frame transitions.

The substrate is z. As a fibrous substrate, especially paper, or a film, preferably a polymer film. The substrate may be opaque or transparent. The substrate may be single-layered or multi-layered, in particular multi-layered in sections. Various layers of a multilayer substrate may be formed of different materials, for. B. a layer of paper and another layer of a polymer film. The substrate or at least one respective layer of this substrate has a material thickness, d. H. Thickness z. B. of less than 100 μηη,

preferably less than 50 μηη, in particular about 25 μηη. A formed on the substrate printed image has a layer thickness z. B. of less than 10 μηη, preferably of less than 5 μηη, in particular in the range of 1 μηη to 2 μηη. The substrate can be printed on one side or on both sides.

The arrangement of printed image and optically imaging structure is in the preferred embodiment of the invention part of a security element or a document, in particular a security document. These documents include, for example, banknotes, credit cards, checks, securities, stock certificates, passports, identity cards, driver's licenses, title deeds, travel documents such as airline tickets or banknotes

Train tickets, entrance tickets, study documents and other official or official documents such as birth, death or marriage certificates. This list is only an example and by no means exhaustive. However, it is preferably

Paper money.

1 shows by way of example a document 02, in particular a security document 02, on which at least one security element 01 is applied. The document 02 and / or the relevant security element 01 have at least part-surface, preferably over the entire surface, at least one optically imaging structure 03, wherein the respective optically imaging structure 03 preferably as one of microlenses 1 1 formed

micro-optical structure 03 is formed. The relevant optically imaging structure 03 at least partially covers one formed on the document 02 or

applied print image 27.

FIG. 2 shows by way of example, in particular as a section of the security element 01 or document 02 shown in FIG. 1 in a greatly enlarged sectional view, an arrangement with a single plano-convex microlens 11 which is integrated into a group or a grid of microlenses 11 is. The respective microlens 1 1 has an axis of symmetry 12, which also forms the optical axis 12 of this microlens 1 1 at the same time. The microlens 1 1 may be rotationally symmetrical spherical or aspherical or it is z. B. axially symmetrical rod-shaped, with an axisymmetric rod-shaped microlens 1 1, the axis of symmetry 12 extends orthogonal to their rod length. The microlens 1 1 z. B. made of a transparent plastic or resin injection or casting or embossing or printing technology. The microlens 1 1 has a convex enveloping surface 13 serving for the entry of light, wherein a bundle of parallel light beams 14 strikes this enveloping surface 13. The microlens 1 1 has two symmetric axis to its optical axis 12

opposite the convex envelope 13 bounding boundary points 16; 17, wherein the distance between these two edge points 16; 17 determines a width of this microlens 11 designated as the lens width 18. The lens width 18 of a microlens 1 1 is less than 100 μηη. The two boundary points 16; 17 of the convex envelope surface 13 lie in an orthogonal to the optical axis 12 of the respective microlens 1 1 arranged plane, which is also referred to as the main plane 19 of this microlens 1 1. 4, the main plane 19 forms a planar envelope surface 21 of the microlens 1 in question. A distance between the main plane 19 of the microlens 11 and its focus 23 (focal point) forms the focal length 22 of the respective microlens 11, wherein the focus 23 is an intersection of the collimated, parallel to the microlens 1 1 incident light rays 14. The focal length 22 of a microlens 1 1 is below 100 μηι. A plane arranged in the focus 23 orthogonal to the optical axis 12 is called the focal plane 24.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the microlens 11 is part of a lens array or a lenticular grid, in which a plurality of microlenses 11 is preferably arranged, in each case, without gaps and without overlapping, with respect to a specific surface of any desired contour. The lens array or the lenticular grid is disposed on a substrate 26, wherein the substrate 26 z. B. as a fibrous substrate z. B. with a transparent window, in particular paper, or as a film, preferably a polymer film is formed. The substrate 26 has a material thickness 29 or thickness 29 z. B. of less than 100 μηη, preferably of less than 50 μηη, in particular about 25 μηη on. The substrate 26 is preferably part of a

Security element 01 or a document 02, in particular one

Security document 02. The substrate 26 is transparent at least in the area covered by the planar envelope surface 21 of the respective microlens 11. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is on the back of the substrate 26, ie on the side remote from the microlens 1 1 side of this substrate 26, a printed image 27 of low layer thickness 36 z. B. of less than 10 μηη applied, this printed image 27 has a plurality of individual each different image elements 28. These individual pixels 28 are formed very small area and extend parallel to the lens width 18 over only a few micrometers, z. B. over a maximum of 10 μηη. Therefore, it is possible to have several, for. B. ten such picture elements 28a to 28j in the area covered by the plane envelope surface 21 of the microlens 1 1 z. B. next to each other lined up to arrange. At least one of these picture elements 28a to 28j preferably has pixels and / or lines printed in different printing inks, in particular, depending on the number of z. B. juxtaposed pixels 28a to 28j whose respective pixels a pixel size and / or their lines have a line thickness each in the range of a few microns, preferably in the range of less than 10 μηη. The print image 27 exists preferably from a superimposition or superimposition of a plurality of partial printed images each printed in different printing inks. The area covered by the plane envelope surface 21 of the microlens 11, ie below the relevant one

Microlens 21, in particular juxtaposed picture elements 28a to 28j preferably each belong to different print motifs.

The under the respective microlens 1 1 z. B. juxtaposed pixels 28a to 28j are advantageously closer to the microlens 1 1 arranged as their focus 23. Preferably, these pixels 28a to 28j between the respective

Microlens 1 1 and their focus 23 disposed in a plane parallel to the main plane 19 of the respective microlens 1 1 sectional plane 31, wherein the cutting plane 31 a cone 32 or an angular field 32 of each through the lens width 18 of the respective microlens 1 1 in the direction of z. B. juxtaposed pixels 28a to 28j incident light is arranged intersecting, wherein in the cutting plane 31 within the cone 32 or the angular field 32 at the same time preferably more of the

Picture elements 28a to 28j arranged in a row. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are within the cone 32 or the angular field 32 at the same time the z. B. arranged five pixels 28c to 28g juxtaposed, whereas the rest of the arranged in the area covered by the plan envelope surface 21 of the microlens 1 1 area 28a, 28b and 28h to 28j for a viewing the image 27 viewer under a with the incident light rays 14th corresponding z. B. acute first viewing angle 33 are imperceptible. If, for a viewer viewing the print image 27, the viewing angle to a viewing angle 33 different from the first viewing angle z. B. obtuse second viewing angle 34 is changed, change for him also from him

perceptible picture elements 28a to 28j. This is illustrated in FIG. 3, which has the same arrangement with a printed image 27 and an optically imaging structure 03 consisting of a plurality of plano-convex microlenses 11 as in FIG. 2. Due to the different from the first viewing angle 33 second viewing angle 34 are in the In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, for a viewer viewing the print image 27, only the image elements 28d to 28h are perceptible, but the others are not.

As mentioned, those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are in the plan of

Covering surface 21 of a single microlens 1 1 covered area arranged

Image elements 28a to 28j formed by preferably each printed in different printing inks pixels and / or lines. As a rule, the respective pixel size of the respective pixels and / or the line thickness of the respective lines is in each case formed significantly smaller than the lens width 18 of the respective microlens 11, preferably in the range of a few micrometers, in particular in the range of less than 10 μm. In particular, in order to make the printed image 27 contained in these picture elements 28a to 28j machine-readable, at least one of these picture elements 28a to 28j has pixels and / or lines, in the printing of which particular special printing fluids, in particular inks, are used whose optical properties are different from conventional printing fluids. in particular differ from conventional inks or inks. These special pressure fluids are, for. For example, inks which are not visible to the naked human eye of a normal-sighted viewer without an excitation lying outside of the human eye visible electromagnetic spectrum, in particular an ink absorbing infrared radiation or ink reflecting infrared radiation or converting to visible infrared radiation Ink or an ultraviolet ray fluorescent ink or a magnetic ink. These invisible in particular under daylight conditions inks can be perceived by a corresponding excitation as the other inks in different hues, z. B. in the color ranges blue, green or red. This excitation is preferably an electromagnetic or magnetic excitation.

The term ink is understood here to mean an intensively colored and colored liquid, usually from a solution or from dispersions of colorants in water or other solvents, these solvents containing little or no binders in the case of inks formed as an ink. Colorants are coloring substances, eg. As pigments and dyes, which may be inorganic or organic, natural or synthetic. In contrast, printing inks are colorant-containing mixtures which are transferred by means of a printing form to a substrate, ie to a printing material. Inks contain inorganic and organic pigments, eg. Example, titanium dioxide as a white pigment or color black as a black pigment, and binders that envelop the pigments. Both conventional inks and inks, including under daylight conditions to the human eye

invisible inks, can be subsumed under the term pressurized fluid.

The aforesaid infrared (IR) reactive special inks are e.g. B. used in conjunction with electromagnetic radiation from the near infrared (NIR), wherein a radiation having a wavelength in the range between 780 nm and 2000 nm is preferably used, in particular in the range between 780 nm and 1200 nm. A infrared radiation (IR; NIR) reacting ink contains z. For example, inorganic i. d. R. Pigment-shaped luminophores that emit radiation in the visible and / or infrared range (NIR) after energy absorption. Infrared radiation into the visible converting ink contains so-called anti-Stokes pigments.

Ultraviolet radiation, short UV or UV radiation, is the invisible electromagnetic radiation to the human eye with wavelengths shorter than visible light. The spectrum in the ultraviolet according to widely accepted classification includes the wavelengths from 100 nm to 380 nm, d. H. from the short-wave range to the limit of visible light. An ultraviolet-ray fluorescent ink has fluorescent coloring pigments which intensely illuminate under ultraviolet irradiation and optionally evaluate the ultraviolet rays of the daylight.

A magnetic ink is understood to mean one in particular with iron oxide particles staggered ink. These particles can be magnetized and thus magneto-optically analyzed and read out by means of an arrangement with an external magnetic field which is different from the earth's magnetic field and has the substrate 26 and the optical imaging structure 03.

An arrangement which is advantageous with regard to machine readability and comprises a printed image 27 applied to a substrate 26 and an optical image-forming structure 03 covering at least parts of the printed image 27 provides that the optically imaging structure 03 has a group or a grid of several plano-convex microlenses 11, wherein the plane Enveloping surface 21 of the microlenses 1 1 facing the substrate 26, wherein the arranged on the substrate 26 print image 27 is preferably disposed on the optically imaging structure 03 side facing and at least one

Image element 28a to 28j having at least one pixel and / or a line, said pixel and / or this line is formed by a pressure fluid pressure fluid, wherein the pressure fluid only due to a lying outside the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum excitation for the

human eye is visible. This pressurized fluid is preferably as one

Infrared radiation absorbing ink or infrared ray reflecting ink or infrared ray forming Visible Converting Ink or Ultraviolet Radiation Fluorescent Ink or Magnetic Ink. Thus, the relevant at least one pixel 28a to 28j of the machine-readable print image 27 is an integral part of the relevant arrangement z. B. on a security element 01 or a document 02, in particular on a security document 02. The outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum excitation of the pressurized fluid takes place with respect to the at least parts of the

Printed image 27 covering optically imaging structure 03 frontally, that is directed to the respective convex envelope surface 13 of the microlenses 1 1, when this excitation is formed by the optically imaging structure 03 by acting, or the back side, ie the substrate side or on the respective planar envelope surface 21 of the microlenses 1 1 directed, if the optically imaging structure 03 is designed to block this excitation.

If it is foreseen that this will be due only to an excitation lying outside of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye

human eye visible pressure fluid with the microlenses 1 1 of the optical imaging structure 03 is not to interact, then the respective pixel size of the pixels in question and / or the line thickness of the respective lines are each greater than the lens width 18 of the respective microlens 1 1 formed in such an arrangement ,

A further embodiment provides that in the relevant arrangement of substrate 26 and optically imaging structure 03 at a plurality of individual positions in the plurality of plano-convex microlenses 1 1 having group or in the multiple plano-convex microlenses 1 1 having grid of the respective optically imaging structure 03 the respective microlens 1 1 remains unausgebildet and at the relevant defect at least one pixel 28a to 28j of the printed image 27 is arranged with at least one pixel and / or a line, said pixel and / or this line by printing only by the outside of the for human eye visible electromagnetic spectrum lying stimulus for that

human eye visible pressure fluid is formed. The under normal conditions for the human eye invisible pressure fluid is or is therefore applied or arranged at selected defects in the respective optical imaging structure 03.

As mentioned, the arrangement of the substrate 26 and the optically imaging structure 03 can have a printed image 27 which accommodates a normal-view observer viewing the printed image 27 through the optically imaging structure 03 with the naked eye

different viewing angles can perceive several different individual images, wherein a sequence of individual images in the viewer's perception a flip picture and / or a spatial, ie three-dimensional effect and / or a morphing effect and / or a zoom effect and /or one Animation is created. These different frames are also called frames. Each of these aforementioned effects is based on a plurality of partial printed images, from which the relevant at least one printed image 27 is composed. To form an arrangement of substrate 26 and optically imaging structure 03 with at least one machine-readable printing image 27, it is provided that the relevant printed image 27 has a plurality of partial printed images at least in the region covered by the optically imaging structure 03. In this case, at least one partial image of these partial printed images on picture elements 28a to 28j with at least one pixel and / or a line, wherein the relevant pixel and / or the line in question by printing in each case by the only lying outside the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum excitation formed for the human eye visible pressure fluid. In an alternative or additional embodiment, it may be provided that at least one picture element 28a to 28j of at least one partial image of the print image 27 having a plurality of partial print images to be formed by machine reading is formed by a batch, this mixture being a subcutaneous image for the human eye

Daylight conditions visible pressure fluid and a visible only due to the outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum excitation to the human eye visible pressure fluid.

Furthermore, to form an arrangement with at least one machine-readable printed image 27, it may be provided that in this arrangement a substrate 26 having the printed image 27 and an optical image-forming structure 03 in a first region covered by the optical imaging structure 03 are arranged therein Image elements 28a to 28j of the printed image 27 in each case by a visible to the human eye, especially under daylight conditions and in a second area covered by the optically imaging structure 03 area arranged therein pixels 28a to 28j of the print image 27 respectively by only one of the outside of the the human eye visible electromagnetic spectrum lying excitation for the human eye visible pressure fluid are formed.

Regardless of the in the arrangement of a at least one printed image 27 having substrate 26 and at least parts of the printed image 27 optically imaging structure 03 used printing fluid, whether a visible to the human eye, especially under daylight conditions, or whether only the pressure on the outside of the human Eye-visible electromagnetic spectrum lying

Excitation for the human eye visible pressure fluid is used or whether both types of pressurized fluids are used in the same arrangement, the arrangement in question may have one or more of the embodiments and / or developments described below.

Thus, Fig. 4 shows a z. B. on a security element 01 or a document 02, in particular a security document 02 (Fig. 1) applied optically imaging structure 03 in the form of a geometric figure 37, the preferably flat surface at least substantially, d. H. considered macroscopically, a z. B. rectangular contour 38 has. The optically imaging structure 03, which extends over the entire surface of the geometric figure 37, has a large number of preferably micron-shaped microlenses 11, each of which has a plano-convex shape. In this case, a first subset of these microlenses 1 1 in a z. B. square grid cells 39 existing

in particular even grids preferably each gapless and arranged without overlap, said microlenses arranged in the lattice 1 1 each

are formed rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetric aspherical. The grid cells 39 are defined by a set of grid points 41, the

interconnected by a set of grid lines 42. The specific number of grid points 41 and grid lines 42 is dependent on the shape of the selected grid. In the case of square grid cells 39, there are respectively four grid points 41 and four grid lines 42; in the case of hexagonal grid cells 39, six are each. The lattice points 41 are respectively at points from the set amount of the optically imaging Structure 03 descriptive geometric figure 37 formed. At each of the lattice cells 41 spanning a grid cell 39, a microlens 11 is arranged, wherein the apex 44 (FIG. 2 or 3) of the relevant microlens 11 is preferably arranged congruently with the respective grid point 41, wherein the apex 44 of FIG respective microlens 1 1 each located at the intersection of its optical axis 12 with its light entrance serving convex envelope surface 13. A second subset of the respective optically imaging structure 03 belonging microlenses 1 1 is arranged in at least one, preferably in a plurality of lens grids 43 having a plurality of each axisymmetric rod-shaped microlenses 1 1, said arranged in a lenticular 43 microlenses 1 1 each orthogonal to their rod length preferably in each case without gaps and without overlapping strung together. In the case of several arranged within the surface of the geometric figure 37 lenticular 43, these lenticular 43 z. B. on each one different orientation. In an advantageous arrangement, the respective orientation of different within the surface of the same optically imaging structure 03 arranged lenticular 43 z. B. at right angles or at an acute angle or obtuse to each other. In the geometrical figure 37 of an optically imaging structure 03 with a rectangular, in particular square, surface, the

Orientation of formed within this surface lens grid 43 may also be arranged diagonally. The arranged within the surface of the same optically imaging structure 03 lenticular grid 43 are in their respective shape and / or in their respective area ratio z. B. differently formed.

5 shows, by way of example, greatly enlarged in a plan view, one of several

Lens grids 43 composite optically imaging structure 03. In this case, several of each consisting of a plurality of microlenses 1 1 lenticular grid 43 are each formed as a preferably square rectangular area each in a

Rectangular surface formed lens raster 43 are in each case in at least one line and / or in at least one column in particular each gapless and overlapping arranged. Adjacent lens louvres 43 are each arranged in mutually different orientation, with lenticular screen 43 of the same first

Orientation and other lenticular screens 43 are the same from the first orientation

different second orientation z. B. are each arranged alternately. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of lenticular screens 43 forming the optically imaging structure 03 jointly form an underlaid, preferably multicolored print image 27, this print image 27 preferably consisting of a superimposition or a superimposition of several partial print images printed in different print colors, respectively is formed in the form of several pixels and / or lines. The print image 27 is z. B. formed such that a frame, d. H. a single frame z. As an animation, from two

different fields on a line by line, so in an interlaced manner is constructed (English: interlacing). Each of the lenticular screens 43 participating in the optically imaging structure 03 has an edge length in the range of 100 μm to a maximum of 300 μm, preferably of approximately 250 μm. The respective lens width 18 of the microlenses 1 1 arranged in the respective lens grids 43 of this optically imaging structure 03 is less than 100 μm and is preferably in the range between 20 μm and 65 μm. Due to limited in the range of about 150 μηη

Resolving capacity of the naked human eye normal-sighted adult can at a distance of z. B. 25 cm, the plurality together the optical imaging structure 03 forming lenticular grid 43, ie their respective images of the respective affected pixels 28 of the underlying print image 27 are not individually perceived, but the respective of a particular individual lenticular image 43 imaged pixels 28 of the respective printed image 27th merge in the perception of the observer viewing the print image 27 with at least one of the respective images of lens grids 43, which are arranged adjacent to the particular lens grid 43 relative to this optically imaging structure 03. The optically imaging structure 03 illustrated in FIG. 5 by way of example in the form of a square-shaped geometric figure 37 total z. B. sixteen in their respective orientation in each case alternately arranged lens grids 43 measures side lengths each z. B. in the range of 0.6 mm to 1, 5 mm, preferably of about 1 mm. An advantage of the arrangement comprising a printed image 27 and an optically imaging structure 03 formed in accordance with FIG. 5 is that two-dimensional lenticular images can be generated by a group of one-dimensionally oriented lens grids 43.

As shown, arise for a the print image 27 in combination with the optically imaging structure 03 viewing viewers very complex, z. B. for different directions and different animations, if the z. B. in the form of a

geometric figure 37 formed optical imaging structure 03 is used with at least some of the features shown in FIG. 4 or 5 features. If differently oriented lenticular screens 43 are used within the area of an optically imaging structure 03 embodied as a geometrical figure 37, as is shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 and 5, the printing process is to be carried out in the production process such that the underprinted print image 27 of FIG above type whose color register is adhered to two-dimensional, z. B. both in the transport direction of the moving through the printing press substrate and across it. This results in that the Passerhaltigkeit participating in the construction of the relevant printed image 27 each printed in different printing colors pixels and / or lines in two orthogonal directions is less than 10 μηη and in particular in the range of about 5 μηη.

FIG. 6 shows an optically imaging structure 03 consisting of a group of microlenses 1 1 each of rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetrical aspherical design, which are arranged without gaps and without overlapping in a grid of square grid cells 39, ie edge points 16; 17 adjacent microlenses 1 1 are in contact with each other. The square grid cells 39 have four grid points 41 which are interconnected by two pairs of parallel grid lines 42 are connected. At each of the lattice cells 41 spanning a grid cell 39, a microlens 11 is arranged, wherein the apex 44 of the relevant microlens 11 is in each case arranged congruently with the respective grid point 41. Based on the area of the square grid cell 39 results in a

Packing density of a maximum of ττ / 4 ^« 78.5%, which has the consequence that at least about 21% of the surface of the respective grid cell 39 can not contribute to the image of the respective microlens 1 1 underlying print image 27, but at a print image 27th observers viewing through the optically imaging structure 03 generates a rather unwanted disruptive perception.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, an optically imaging structure 03 can also be composed of a group of microlenses 1 1, each rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetric aspherical, which, in contrast to FIG. 6, are arranged without gaps and without overlapping in a grid of hexagonal grid cells 39 , d. H. Boundary points 16; 17 adjacent microlenses 1 1 are in one

Contact with touch, the problem identified from the surface contents between the microlenses 1 1 derived rather unwanted disturbing perception does not solve. Although the packing density reaches a maximum of ττ / 6 3 = 90.6%, this means that still around 10% of the area of the respective grid cell 39 can not contribute to the imaging of a printed image 27 underlying the relevant microlens 11.

The undesired optical effects of the limited packing density of microlenses 1 1 arranged in a group, each rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetrical aspherical, are illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9. In each of the two-part Fig. 8 and 9 is shown in each case simplified, what perceives a viewer who looks under two different viewing angles respectively by the same group of microlenses 1 1 on the microlenses 1 1 underlaid print image 27, this print image 27 at least two different Picture elements 28a; 28b In each case, at least one first picture element 28a is completely covered by the convex envelope surface 13 of the respective microlens 11 in each case on an optically neutral substrate 26 in FIGS. 8 and 9, and at least one other second picture element 28b in each case at the same position in one Corner of a z. B. square grid cell 39 and therefore is not or only partially covered by the respective microlens 1 1 with a proportion of less than 50%.

According to FIG. 8, the viewer looks z. B. perpendicular through the respective microlens 1 1 and takes the covered by the respective microlens 1 1 and thus imaged at least a first pixel 28a true, since the at least one first of the respective microlens 1 1 detected pixel 28a in the beam path of the observer and the Microlens 1 1 apparently filled. The situation is different in the situation shown in FIG. Due to the oblique viewing angle of the viewer, z. From the viewing angle 33 (Figure 2) focuses on the person concerned

Beam path is not the at least one first completely covered by the respective microlens 1 1 pixel 28a or the beam path does not even meet, so that the viewer perceives no image of the at least one first pixel 28a through the respective microlens 1 1. The microlens 11 in question remains optically inactive in the situation illustrated in FIG. 9 against the background of the optically neutral substrate 26. In both situations shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, however, the at least one other second picture element 28b, each at the same position in a corner of a z. B. square grid cell 39 and therefore only partially covered by the respective microlens 1 1, perceptible to the viewer. Such arranged image elements 28b, which are arranged outside of the convex envelope surface 13 of the respective microlens 1 1 at least almost completely covered surface, lead in the perception of the observer to optical disturbances such. B. to so-called ghosting or to a crosstalk effect or a loss in contrast or in sharpness with respect to the intended as a useful signal perceptible printed image 27. It can also be low-contrast and / or blurred Moire phenomena occur when the printed image has 27 periodically recurring picture elements 28, which are not arranged in phase with the arranged in a uniform grating microlenses 1 1, but wherein parts of at least some periodically recurring picture elements 28 are each disposed outside of the surface of the respective convex envelope surface 13 of the respective

Microlenses 1 1 is at least almost completely covered. The latter is due to the Fig. 10 by the periodically recurring star-shaped pixels 28 in their non-in-phase relationship with the lattice-shaped arrangement of the microlenses 1 first

illustrated.

To reduce and / or avoid the aforementioned unwanted disturbing perceptions is proposed in an arrangement of several

rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetrical aspherical microlenses 1 1, which are arranged in an existing lattice cells grid 39, at least one z. B. between adjacent microlenses 1 1 formed surface, which is not covered by the respective convex envelope surface 13 of the respective microlenses 1 1, diffuse incident light beams 14 diffuse and thus to scatter in a variety of different spatial directions. The arranged in a group microlenses 1 1 form an optically imaging structure 03 in the form of a geometric figure 37 with at least one of the respective convex envelope surface 13 of the respective microlenses 1 1 uncovered area any, z. B. rectangular contour 38, wherein the respective of the respective convex envelope surface 13 of the respective

Microlenses 1 1 uncovered surface incident light beams 14 diffusely reflective, that is formed scattering. In this case, a remission degree of this surface is in the range of z. 30% to 99%, preferably more than 60%.

The incident light rays 14 diffusely reflecting surface is z. B. roughened, that is, this surface has roughness structures with a roughness, with respect to the respective wavelength of the incident light beams 14 and with respect to the spectrum of incident light is of the same order of magnitude and thus has a value in the range of z. B. 380 nm to 780 nm. Preferably, the roughness is diffuse

reflective surface, indicated z. B. by a roughness average Ra or an average roughness depth Rz of the surface in question (in each case, for example, after

DIN EN ISO 4288: 1998-04), about the same size as the wavelength of the incident light rays 14. The roughness structures are distributed over the surface i. d. R. a plurality of scattering centers for the incident light rays 14 on.

The roughening of the at least one incident light rays 14 diffusely reflecting surface can, for. B. in an embossing process or casting, which is used for the preparation of the plurality of microlenses 1 1 having optically imaging structure 03, thereby be manufactured or designed that at one of the microlenses 1 1 embossing or casting z. B. metallic die 46 z. B. roughened by means of grinding or lapping or honing or sandblasting or pickling or etching or other abrasive method areas 49 between the wells 47 for the respective microlenses to be formed 1 1 with a roughness in a wavelength of the incident light rays 14 comparable order of magnitude are formed so that the roughness structures of these areas 49 z. B. when embossing the microlenses 1 1 by means of this template 46 on the provided for these microlenses 1 1 blank 48 or semifinished product 48 or z. B. when casting on a substrate 26 form. This blank 48 or this semifinished product 48 is z. B. each formed of a UV-curable plastic or resin. This procedure is illustrated by FIG. 11. The roughened areas 49 not covered by the microlenses 11 on the surface of the geometric figure 37 appear to a viewer due to the diffuse reflection, i. H. the light scattering dull and / or pale and / or whitish.

Another solution for reducing and / or avoiding the aforementioned

unwanted disturbing perceptions exists z. B. therein, z. B. casting technology or embossed microlenses 1 1 in their manufacturing process relative to Position picture elements 28 of a highlighted print image 27. This is illustrated by FIG. 12. In this solution is for the z. B. casting or

microlenses 1 1 produced in their embossing technology each have their respective position, referred to at least one picture element 28 of an underlying printed image 27, in their position

Adjusted manufacturing process or at least adjustable, these arranged in a group of microlenses 1 1 form an optically imaging structure 03 in the form of a geometric figure 37.

The above-mentioned undesired disturbing perceptions can also be reduced and / or avoided, for example, by virtue of the fact that areas 49 not covered by the microlenses 11 on the surface of the geometric figure 37 are in particular colored white. The coloring, in particular whitening of the regions 49 not covered by the microlenses 11 on the surface of the geometrical figure 37, takes place, for example, in FIG. In

Connection with the production of these microlenses 1 1 and is explained with reference to FIG. 13. 13 shows by way of example in four partial representations a to d successive production steps for the formation of microlenses 11 with microlenses 11 not covered by these microlenses 11 on the surface of the geometric figure 37, in particular white areas 49. In the first production step (a), hollows 47 of FIG for producing the microlenses 1 1 used die 46, ie mold, z. B. filled with a respective UV-curable plastic or resin. Then arranged between the troughs 47 of the die 46 webs 51 at the microlenses 1 1 uncovered areas 49 z. B. characterized in particular white, that a particular white ink 52 supporting print carrier 53 is pressed onto these not covered by the microlenses 1 1 areas 49, which is indicated in the first partial view by the directional arrow. The second partial view b) shows the die used for the production of the microlenses 1 1 46 each with z. B. with a plastic or resin filled wells 47 and in particular white colored webs 51 after the white ink 52 carrying print carrier 53 - as indicated by the directional arrow - has been removed from the die 46 again. According to the third Partial view c) is the die 46 with their z. B. a plastic or resin filled wells 47 and their particular white colored bars 51 are pressed in the direction of arrow on a substrate 26, wherein the white ink 52 is still on the webs 51 in a wet state. Both the applied on the webs 51 of the die 46 in particular white ink 52 and the z. B. made of a plastic or resin castings for the production of microlenses 1 1 are transferred to the substrate 26. As the fourth partial view d) shows, the die 46 is lifted with its empty troughs 47 and after the transfer of the particular white ink 52 from the substrate 26, which is indicated by the directional arrow. By in the four partial views a) to d) exemplified

Manufacturing steps, an optically imaging structure 03 consisting of an arrangement of a plurality of microlenses 11 is formed in the form of a geometrical figure 37, wherein regions 49 not covered by the microlenses 11 on the surface of the geometric figure are colored white in particular. The uncoated by the microlenses 1 1 on the surface of the geometric figure 37, in particular white colored areas 49 additionally have z. B. roughness structures with a roughness, which is with respect to the respective wavelength of the incident light rays 14 and with respect to the spectrum of the incident light in the same order of magnitude, so that these areas 49 due to their color and their surface texture each diffuse reflective, So are formed scattering.

To realize complex and / or differentiated animations and / or at

According to color-formed picture elements 28 sliding color transitions and / or to create sliding frame transitions in the different print motifs formed from the picture elements 28, it is necessary among the microlenses 1 1 of an optically imaging structure 03 each side by side several, preferably more than three, in particular between five and ten or more pixels 28 to be arranged, wherein the individual pixels 28 in a printed image 27 to form a

Printed motif are arranged. Since the lens width 18 of each microlens 1 1 less is 100 μηι and preferably in the range between 20 μηη and 65 μηη, this means that the individual pixels 28 each have extremely small dimensions in the range of only a few micrometers. In general, each of these formed by printing technology picture element 28 is composed of several pixels and / or lines, the pixel size of these pixels and / or the line thickness of these lines are preferably less than half as large as the respective lens width 18 of the structure of the relevant optically Imaging structure 03 involved microlenses 1 1. Under different colored, in particular the same microlens 1 1 underlaid

Pixels 28 are their pixels and / or lines with a color register of less than 10 μηη, in particular in the range of about 5 μηη arranged. The formation of pixels and / or lines in the aforementioned order of only a few micrometers and / or their Passerhaltigkeit represents in an industrial manufacturing process a high printing challenge, especially with these dimensions and / or accuracy requirements a z. B. printing-related deformation of the printing substrate and preferably rheological properties of the printing ink used, in particular their spreading, d. H. their areal distribution and propagation on the surface of the printing material, for the formation of such pixels and / or lines no longer negligible influencing factors.

In the preferred embodiment, the arrangement of printed image 27 and optically imaging structure 03 is part of a security element 01 or a

Security document 02. The security element is 01 or

Security document 02 z. B. from several superimposed planes or layers, wherein the term "level" is used in the following

Security document 02 facing upper level at least partially at least one underlying the viewer of the security element 01 or the

Security document 02 opposite lower level. In the viewer of the

Security element 01 or the security document 02 facing upper level is formed at least one each having a plurality of microlenses 1 1 having optically imaging structure 03. This upper level is shown as a substrate 26 z. B. formed in the form of a transparent polymer film, wherein on this substrate 26 made of plastic or resin z. B. casting technology or embossing technology microlenses 1 1 are arranged. The at least one lower level has a further substrate 26, which in its material z. B. is different from the upper level. The substrate 26 is z. B. from a z. B. fibrous substrate, in particular of paper, with one in one of the lower levels z. B. formed on the substrate printed image 27 is at least partially covered by the upper level. The upper level and the at least one lower level are preferably still joined together in the production process in the printing press, preferably after printing on one of the lower levels forming printing material. In a further embodiment, it may be provided that the substrate 26 of the upper level is printed on the rear side, ie on the side facing the at least one lower level, prior to assembly with the respective lower level.

Since in this arrangement with an optically imaging structure 03, the respective

Lens width 18 of each individual microlens 1 1 and the respective dimensions of each participating in the print motif pixel 28 of the optically imaging structure 03 underlying print image 27 are each smaller than the resolution of the mere human eye of a normal adult in the range of about 150 μηι are from a viewer of the printed image 27 individual microlenses 1 1 and / or individual pixels 28 each individually, that are not recognized as such recognizing usually R. Rather, the viewer of the print image 27 perceives only one group of a plurality of microlenses 1 1 with the image elements 28 underlaid by these microlenses 11 as a graphic element (pixel), this perception relating to the respective pixel having regard to its shape and / or color Integration over the eye individually not resolvable pixels 28 is. Fig. 14 shows schematically and greatly enlarged an arrangement of several, for. B. three superimposed lower levels of a security element 01 or a security document 02, in a first representation a) in a section and in a second representation b) in an associated plan view. An upper level covering the lower levels and having the optically imaging structure 03, which faces an observer of the security element 01 or the security document 02, is not shown in FIG. 14 for reasons of clarity. For possible embodiments of this optically imaging structure 03, reference is made to FIGS. 2 to 13, each with an associated description text. As the lowest and thus the viewer of the security element 01 or the security document 02 most distant level is shown in FIG. 14 a), a substrate 26 z. B. in the form of a z. B. fibrous substrate provided on which a multi-color print image 27 is applied or arranged. The print image 27 is made according to its print motif of several usually R.

different, in particular different-colored pixels 28 together, which are arranged on the substrate 26 partly in different pressure layers one above the other. In a first embodiment, for. B. applied directly to the substrate 26, a lower printing layer 54 or arranged, wherein in this lower printing layer 54 more i. d. R. Different in each case a plurality of pixels and / or lines width, in particular different color ink zones 61 are each preferably arranged without gaps and without overlapping side by side. At least one upper pressure layer 56 is arranged or applied on this lower pressure layer 54, in which in each case preferably a plurality of i. d. R. different, especially different colors

Picture elements 28 each on the color zones 61 z. B. evenly spaced

are arranged side by side. The ink zones 61 are preferably formed strip-shaped or rectangular; but they can also have any other surface geometry. The image elements 28 arranged in the upper printing layer 56 are at most half as wide as the color zones 61 arranged in the lower printing layer 54 extending in the same direction. The width of the picture elements 28 arranged in the upper printing layer 56 is preferably less than 30% of that Thus, at least two of these arranged in the upper printing layer 56 picture elements 28 are arranged on one of the arranged in the lower printing layer 54 color zone 61 that in a plan view of the

Security element 01 or security document 02 between the at least two in the upper printing layer 56 each spaced from each other

Picture elements 28, the color zone 61 arranged below these picture elements 28 in the lower printing layer 54 is visible in each case. As shown by FIG. 14 b), in the plan view of this security element 01 or security document 02, an arrangement in which picture elements 28 apparently formed by the lower print layer 54 and image elements 28 actually formed by the upper print layer 56 are arranged alternately strung together are. In this arrangement, a plurality of different pairs of respectively arranged alternately arranged picture elements 28, which are each formed of a represented by the respective color zone 61 picture element 28 of the lower printing layer 54 and a picture element 28 of the upper printing layer 56. In the plan view of FIG. 14 b) are through the same

Pairs of picture elements 28 formed by printing inks are combined, for example, into different frames 57 a to 57 e, each of these frames 57 a to 57 e, in combination with the optically imaging structure 03 arranged in the upper level consisting of microlenses 1 1, for a viewer viewing the printed image 27 a two-color Change image (flip) is created. As a further embodiment of the arrangement shown in FIG. 14 it can be provided that an upper level, which faces an observer of the security element 01 or the security document 02 and z. B. is formed of a transparent polymer film, the front side has the optically imaging structure 03 and the back is first printed with the particular differently colored spaced apart pixels 28, said individual pixels 28 are then overprinted with larger areas of color zones 61. In this way, a multi-level arrangement is also provided, but not as in the first described embodiment a substrate 26 as a substrate z. B. of paper must have. This second

Embodiment thus leads z. B. to a security element 01 or a

Security document 02 lower material strength. Both embodiments have in common that the respective individual picture elements 28 can be applied or arranged in a relatively position-tolerant manner, since the ink zones 61 which are underlaid are formed over a larger area compared to these picture elements 28. This is very advantageous in terms of the manufacturing process for such a security element 01 or security document 02, especially in the case of the dimensions of the picture elements 28 lying in each case in the micrometer range.

As an alternative to the arrangement shown in FIG. 14, it is proposed to arrange a plurality of differently colored ink zones 61 next to each other on a substrate 26 arranged in a lower level of a security element 01 or a security document 02 in a lower printing layer 54, one transverse to the longitudinal direction of the respective ink zone 61 extending width preferably corresponds to the lens width 18, said color zones z. B. in the printing inks red, green and blue are formed, these differently colored ink zones 61 are masked by an upper printing layer 56. The masking is z. B. formed by the fact that the upper pressure layer 56 has an array of holes 59 or slots 59.

Fig. 15 shows in a plan view on the left the lower printing layer 54 with a plurality, z. B. three each in lens width 18 trained z. B. parallel extending preferably different colored ink zones 61, on which lower printing layer 54 - indicated by the plus sign - the mask 58 shown on the right in Fig. 15, in particular shadow mask or stripe mask is arranged as the upper printing layer 56 or is. The color zones 61 are z. B. by the printing inks R (red); G (green); B (blue) formed. An individual pattern of holes 59 or slots 59 is introduced into the mask 58 in association with the respective ink zones 61, through which holes 59 or slots 59 pass through the respective ink R; G; B of the underlying color zone 61 is perceptible or is. Each is preferably in different

Printing inks R; G; B formed color zones 61 another, each of the other color zones 61 different pattern of holes 59 or slots 59 assigned, so that all holes 59 or slots 59 differ in their respective individual positions depending on the color zone 61 from each other. All of these holes 59 or slots 59 have at least transversely to the longitudinal direction of the respective ink zone 61, d. H. in the direction of the width of the respective ink zone 61 in each case an extension, which is smaller than the respective lens width 18 of those microlenses 1 1, which cover this mask 58. In addition, FIG. 15 shows how the three color zones 61, which are differently masked differently depending on the color zone 61, are shown in combination with the mask 58. From Fig. 15 it can be seen that the differently colored ink zones 61 are coded by the different patterns of holes 59 or slits 59 of the mask 58 in a unique way. The holes 59 or slots 59 of the mask 58 are z. B. arranged distributed in a grid of preferably square grid cells, said grid in shape and / or size

preferably corresponds to that grid in which the microlenses 1 1 of the optically imaging structure 03 are arranged. This is indicated in FIG. 15 by the dashed lines, which subdivide the mask 58 into rows and columns.

An advantage in the masking of ink zones 61 is that only these ink zones 61 are to be printed in register, even in a single direction, namely orthogonal to their longitudinal extent, moreover, the requirements for the color register are not as high as In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14, the picture elements 28 of the lower printing layer 54 and the picture elements 28 of the upper printing layer 56 were to be positioned in a very precise color register relative to one another in order to generate specific alternating pictures or other perceptions. In the embodiment of FIG. 15, however, is only to ensure that the respective holes 59 or slots 59 of the masking in the selected assignment to the relevant in each case in lens width 18 of z. B. 20 μηι to 65 μηι trained Ink zones remain 61, which is much easier to accomplish in a printing production process than compliance with a color register in the range of less than 10 μηη, more of about 5 μηη.

The surface of the mask 58 facing the optically imaging structure 03 is preferably white, in particular formed by a white printing ink, in order to reduce or avoid unwanted disturbing perceptions for an observer of the printed image 27 Group arranged rotationally symmetric microlenses 1 1 could result.

Fig. 16 shows an optically imaging structure 03 in the form of a z. B. formed as a rectangle geometric figure 37, wherein the optically imaging structure 03 comprises a plurality of groups of rotationally symmetric microlenses 1 1, wherein these groups are arranged in a grid consisting of rows and columns. These groups of microlenses 1 1 are z. B. uniformly formed, wherein in each case a plurality of microlenses 1 1 each z. B. are grouped into a rectangle, in particular to a square.

Between the individual groups of microlenses 1 1 z. B. webs 62 are formed, which are free of microlenses 1 1. In that shown in FIG. 16

Embodiment are rotationally symmetric, preferably plano-convex microlenses 1 1 each with a lens width 18 of z. B. 20 μηη in preferably square groups of two dimensions in each case more, z. B. six times six microlenses 1 1 arranged, these groups in turn in a

rectangular grid of several, usually from a plurality of columns and a plurality, usually arranged from a plurality of rows. The formation of the optically imaging structure 03 according to FIG. 16 results in each group of microlenses 11 being perceptible as a graphic element (pixel) in the perception of a viewer who views the printed image 27 backed by the optically imaging structure 03 Each of these groups of microlenses 1 1 in both Dimensions each extending over a length which is in the range of 120 μηι to 150 μηι and thus approximately in the range of the resolution of the naked human eye normal-sighted adult. When such an optically imaging structure 03 is arranged on a white mask 58, the individual groups of

Microlenses 1 1 between them each white webs 62, which improves the contrast between the individual pixels. Of course, optically imaging structures 03 according to FIGS. 4 or 5 may also be used in conjunction with the arrangements according to FIGS. 14 or 15.

17, an arrangement for forming structures in the micrometer range in a picture element 28 of a microlens 11 to be printed image 27 and a method are explained, as applied to a substrate 26 pixels 28 of a printed image 27 can be encoded, wherein the printed image 27 after encoding at least some of its picture elements 28 of a plurality of microlenses 1 1 having optically imaging structure 03 for forming a

Security element 01 or a security document 02 is highlighted. In this arrangement and this method, a laser 63, preferably a gas laser, in particular an excimer laser 63 is used in each case to selectively remove printing ink from a selected picture element 28. An emanating from the laser 63

Laser beam 66 is directed through a mask 64 on the image element to be processed 28, said mask 64 z. B. in a direction orthogonal to the laser beam 66 has a coding in the form of a formed in this mask 64 pattern, which is determined on the basis of this pattern, at which points of the selected

Bildelementes 28 ink is selectively removed. The mask 64 is z. B. formed of a partially transparent quartz, in which the pattern is formed by appropriately positioned passages for the laser beam 66. This formed in the mask 64 pattern is transferred to the extent to be processed pixel 28, as in accordance with the pattern of the mask 64 in this pixel 28 ink when hitting the laser beam 66 z. B. is selectively removed by evaporation. The the relevant picture element 28 having substrate 26 is thus freed at certain points again from the previously applied ink. The laser 63, in particular excimer laser 63 is preferably operated pulsed with a pulse duration in each case in the range of z. 1 ns to 40 ns, preferably about 20 ns. The wavelength of the laser beam 66 is preferably in the ultraviolet spectral range, z. B. in the range between 100 nm and 360 nm. Structures with a width in the range of 0.25 μηι to 1 μηι can be formed with an excimer laser 63, so that in a pixel 28 finest patterns can be made from selectively removed sites.

It thus arises z. Example, a method for producing a printed image 27th

having security element 01 or a security document 02, in which a plurality of picture elements 28 of the printed image 27 are formed by applying ink to a substrate 26, wherein at least one selected location of a selected laser beam 66 by means of a laser 63 emanating from a laser

Picture element 28 of the printed image 27, the previously applied ink is removed. It is used as a laser 63 z. For example, a gas laser, in particular an excimer laser 63 is used. With the laser beam 66 is in the selected pixel 28 of the printed image 27, a structure having a width preferably in the range between 0.25 μηι and 1 μηι

formed, these structures z. B. may be similar to those in Figs. 12 or 16. The laser 63 is advantageously operated pulsed with a pulse duration in the range between 1 ns and 40 ns and / or with a wavelength in the range between 100 nm and 360 nm. The at least one point at which the previously applied printing ink is to be removed by means of the laser beam 66 in the selected picture element 28 of the printed image 27 is preferably selected in that in the beam path of the

Laser beam 66, a mask 64 is arranged with at least one passage for the laser beam 66, wherein the at least one passage in the mask 64 corresponding to the at least one ink to be liberated in each case in the selected

Picture element 28 of the printed image 27 is positioned. The print image 27 of the

Security element 01 or the security document 02 is in particular a This printed image 27 has at least one image element 28 with at least one point freed from ink by the laser beam 66 emanating from the laser 63, wherein the respective lens width 18 of the microlenses 1 1 is less than 100 is μηι and preferably in the range between 20 μηι and 65 μηι. The printing ink for forming the at least one picture element 28 of the printed image 27 is applied to an opaque or transparent substrate 26 and selectively removed therefrom by means of the laser beam 66 emanating from the laser 63. The microlenses 1 1 having optically imaging structure 03 is z. B. injection molding or casting technology or embossing technology or printing technology. The microlenses 11 of the optical imaging structure 03 are preferably made of a plastic or of a resin. Advantageously, the at least one picture element 28 is formed with the at least one point to be liberated from ink in white printing ink. The at least one pixel 28 with the at least one point to be liberated each of ink in a preferred embodiment, a color zone 61 z. B. underlaid in one of the printing inks red or green or blue, which is formed by the printing ink of the at least one pixel 28 with the at least one in each case to be liberated by ink different colors, so that the freed from ink point of at least one pixel 28 this Picture element 28 uncovered another color zone uncovered.

The stated security elements 01 or documents 02, in particular

Security documents 02 with the optically imaging, in particular micro-optical structure 03 can in principle be produced using a wide variety of types and / or designs of printing presses or printing processes. Here, an embodiment is of particular advantage, in which several or all of the sub-images are applied to the substrate 26 or printed while it by a same guide member 1 18; 1 19 out, for example, on a same guide member 1 18; 1 19, z. B. a tape or tape system or preferably one Transport cylinder 1 18; 1 19, resting, by a printing unit 101; 102 is promoted. That is, the printing of the substrate 26 on a same side with the at least two different frames, preferably different colored sub-images takes place on a transport path section with a continuous transport, ie without an intermediate transfer of the substrate 26 between different transport.

Preferably, the printing with the at least two or more partial printing images takes place simultaneously and / or at the same printing location 103; 104, by first superimposed on each other and delivered to the substrate 26 in an indirect process in total.

In a preferred embodiment, a printing machine 100 with at least one printing unit 101 is in the production path of the substrate 26 underlying the security element 01 or document 02. 102 provided by which the substrate 26 at least on one side, for. B. on the side opposite to the micro-optical structure 03 in the finished security element 01 or document 02, at a same pressure point 103; 104 simultaneously with at least two or more imaging printing cylinder 106; 107, z. B. form cylinders 106; 107, preferably different colored printed images, d. H. o. g. Partial print images, is printable (see, for example, Fig. 18, Fig. 19 and Fig. 20). The substrate 26 is thus - preferably on at least its micro-optical structure 03 in the finished security element 01 or document 02 opposite side - at a same pressure point 103; 104 on a same side simultaneously with multiple forming cylinders 106; Printed 107stammenden, superimposed and preferably different colored partial print images. Such a printing unit 101; 102 will also be referred to below briefly as collective printing unit 101; 102 denotes.

The collective printing unit 101; 102 includes a pressure point 103; 104 for that too printing substrate 26 providing printing cylinder 108; 109, through which brought along along a transport path substrate 26 by the contact contact between printing cylinder 108; 109 and substrate 26 with printing ink of the previously applied on its lateral surface printed image can be printed. In this case, the printed image is superimposed several partial images, which of several imaging

Printing cylinder 106; 107, in particular form cylinders 106; 107, of the printing unit 101, 102 and on this the pressure point 103; 104 delivering

Printing cylinder 108; 109 or already color upstream are superimposed on each other to be transferred to the print image. For this purpose, two or more imaging printing cylinder 106; 107, z. B. form cylinder 106; 107, the z. B. on the handling of the partial pressure images collecting cylinder, in particular of the pressure point 103; 104 forming printing cylinder 108; 109, arranged one behind the other and can be adjusted or employed. Preferably, to form the pressure point 103; 104, the respective printing cylinder 108; 109 and a counter-pressure cylinder 1 18; 1 19 effective further printing cylinder 1 18, 1 19 employed on the substrate 26 to each other or adjustable. For example, this one is more

Printing cylinder 1 18, 1 19 as the substrate 26 promotional transport cylinder 1 18; 1 19 formed and also simultaneously the above-mentioned guide member 1 18; 1 19 on which the substrate 26 is supported while being printed by the at least two or more partial printing images.

In a preferred embodiment of the printing unit 101; 102 is the pressure point 103; 104 forming printing cylinder 108; 109 at the same time as the partial printing cylinder collecting collecting cylinder 108; 109, in particular color collecting cylinder 108, 109, formed and preferably as a transfer or blanket cylinder 108; 109 executed. He has at the periphery one or more successively arranged printing blankets with a compressible and / or elastic layer.

The with the same collecting cylinder 108; 109 collaborative imaging Printing cylinder 106; 107 are in the region of their effective lateral surface by respective inking units 1 1 1; 1 12 dyed, which in principle could be carried out in any way. Preferably, however, they are designed as lifting inking units. The imaging printing cylinder 106; 107 and the associated inking units 1 1 1; In principle, all or part of the partial printing-unit strands comprising 1 12 can be operated according to a dry-offset method, ie without dampening unit and / or under

Use of printing plates for the dry offset, be executed. Preferably, however, all or at least two of the partial printing unit strands than after

Wet offset printing working, d. H. with respective dampening units 1 13; 1 14 and / or using printing plates for wet offset formed.

In a preferred embodiment, at least two of the imaging cylinders 106; 107 formed in the region of its lateral surface with a printing form and / or equipped, whose structure is a printing with pixels of an o. Pixel size or line width allowed or allowed. When printing two partial images o. G. Security elements 01 or documents 02 - if necessary inter alia - image elements having a line thickness of less than 100 μm, preferably less than 50 μm, in particular of less than 20 μm printed on the substrate 26. In this case, for example, a registration accuracy of these two partial printing images is considered in the transport direction with a maximum relative deviation of less than 20 μm, preferably less than 10 μm. In the case of a printing forme designed as a high pressure form this includes, for example, effective for printing raised webs with a below 100 μηη, preferably below 50 μηη, in particular of less than 20μηι lying width at the outer end. In the case of a printing plate designed as a planographic printing plate for wet offset, it comprises, for example, hydrophilic printing plate areas effective for printing with a width below 100 μm, preferably below 50 μm, in particular below 20 μm.

In a not further detailed advantageous alternative embodiment is for printing with the superimposed partial print images in the production path of the Security element or document underlying substrate 26, a printing machine 100 with at least one after a Nonimpact method, ie pressure formless, working printing unit provided, for. As an inkjet printing unit, through which the substrate 26 at least on a same page, z. B. the side of the micro-optical structure in the finished security element or document

opposite, in a pressure-free printing process, for. B. in inkjet printing, multi-color is printed or is printable. This is preferably done in the above-mentioned manner also on a transport path section with a continuous means of transport, d. H. without an intermediate transfer of the substrate 26 between different transport means. The printheads and / or their arrangement in the printing unit are z. B. for printing with a resolution of at least 600 dpi, preferably at least 1200 dpi, in particular at least 2400 dpi trained or usable. In the production o. Security elements 01 or documents 02 are z. For example, two or more

Partial prints are printed on the substrate 26 by printheads having a resolution of at least 600 dpi, preferably at least 1200 dpi, in particular at least 2400 dpi.

In the production path of the substrate 26 underlying the security element 01 or document 02, it is true that, irrespective of the embodiment of the printing unit encompassed by the printing press 100, however, it is advantageous in connection with an o. G. Embodiment - further at least one application device 1 16; 1 17 is provided, in which the substrate 26 is acted upon by a micro-optical structure 03 or can be acted upon. In this case, the collective printing unit 101; 102 and the application device 1 16; 1 17 in principle in separate, decoupled processes or inline in a process comprising both processes in succession

Overall process, such as a printing press 100 with a printing unit 101; 102 and an application device 1 16; 1 17, be provided. It can the

Application device 1 16; 1 17 in the process basically before or after printing by the printing unit 101; 102, in particular collective printing unit 101; 102, be provided. In a first group of embodiments, for example, for application and printing two separate units, namely a

Collective printing unit 101; 102 comprehensive printing unit and an application device 1 16; 1 17 provided (see, for example, Fig. 2). It can on only one side of the

Substrate path or on both sides of the substrate path such a

Collective printing unit 101; 102 with two or more forming cylinders 106; 107 may be provided. In the second case, these may be carried out in a double printing unit and between their respective Farbsammelzylindern 108; 109 form a double pressure point. The two units can be provided in a first embodiment, for example, in separate machines, so that a printing and applying in separate

Steps takes place, or in a second embodiment inline in a common machine.

The application device 16 provided in-line or offline can, in a first embodiment, be provided with a means for applying and connecting 16 the substrate 26 with a layer forming and / or comprising the optically imaging structure 03, e.g. B. a plastic film or film elements with the lenses 1 1 and with the micro-optical structure 03. This application device 1 16 may be provided in the production path before or after printing with the partial printing images. Preferably, the means for connecting 1 16 as a hot stamping device 1 16 executed by which the micro-optical structure 03 comprehensive layer, for. B. plastic film on the printed or printed substrate 26 can be applied.

In a second group of embodiments which is advantageous with regard to the production process and / or the accuracy (see, for example, FIG. 3), the - in particular simultaneous printing with the at least two partial print images and the application of the microoptical structure 03 takes place while being guided by a same guide element 1 18; 1 19 out, for example, on a same guide member 1 18; 1 19, z. B. a band or belt system or preferably a transport cylinder 1 18; 1 19, resting, is promoted by the machine. That is, the printing of the substrate 26 on a same side with the at least two partial images and the application of the micro-optical structure 03 on this same or on the opposite side of the substrate 26 takes place on a transport path section with a continuous transport, ie without an intermediate Transfer of the substrate 26 between different

Means of transport. The printing with the at least two partial printing images takes place as already mentioned above, preferably simultaneously.

In the second group of embodiments, the application can basically also by an o. Applying a micro-optical structure 03 comprehensive, z. B. film-like layer. Preferably, however, a means for forming the micro-optical structure 03 is provided on the substrate 26, through which on the substrate 26, a layer not yet cured, z. B. polymer-containing

Plastic material, eg. As a natural or synthetic resin-containing plastic, can be applied and at least in one or more areas in the still liquid or soft state to the micro-optically active structure 03 is malleable. For example, the material is partially or fully over an applicator 121, z. As a printing or coating unit 121, in particular a screen printing 121, on the substrate 26th

applied and led to the formation of the structure 03 with the previously applied side over an embossing tool, which on the lateral surface a to the pattern of

micro-optical structure 03 complementary pattern of pits, z. B. o. G. Die 46, has. In a preferred embodiment, this is when printing the leadership of

Substrates 26 serving guide element 1 19 as an embossing tool, for. B. embossing cylinder 1 19, executed and has on its lateral surface die 46 with the wells on. Although a printing of the substrate 26 may in principle be on the circumference of

Guide element 1 19 done before applying the plastic material, but is preferably in the circumferential direction of the guide element es1 19 behind the application of the material to be molded and optionally a preferably UV-based Intermediate drying instead. In this case, the common guide member 1 19 19 not only effective as a transport cylinder 1, but equally as embossing cylinder 1 19 and the color collecting cylinder 109 of the executed as a collective printing unit 102 printing unit 102 as impression cylinder 1 19.

The application and shaping of the micro-optical structure 03 and printing with a plurality of partial printed images on a same guide element 1 19 may be followed by another one or two-sided printing, this preferably also by an o. Collective printing unit 101; 101 '; 102 takes place. On the input side of the printing press 100, a supply device 122, for. As a stack feeder, be provided, through which the substrate 26 in the form of a substrate 04, z. B. a printing material or preferably it form of printing material 04, is supplied. On the width of the printing material 04, for example, several o. G. Documents 02 printed as a so-called benefit side by side at the same time and provided with the structure 03. In a decrease device 123, z. B. sheet delivery, the intermediate products containing the benefits are combined into containers.

In this last embodiment, in the production of the security element 01 or security document 02, the single-layer or multi-layered substrate 26 is guided over a same guide element 1 19 and subjected to both the micro-optical structure 03 and the at least two partial print images. This satisfies the highest demands on the register or Passerhaltigkeit between the fields on the one hand and between the fields and the position of the micro-optical structure 03 on the other.

Regardless of whether the application of the micro-optical structure 03 by application of a solid layer, for. As plastic film, or by applying and molding soft or liquid plastic takes place, the substrate 26 in at least a portion of the layer 03 covered by the structure 03 covered substrate 26 transparent by running in the substrate 26 itself transparent or this area Window is incorporated into the otherwise non-transparent substrate 26 or

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 security element

02 security document

03 optically imaging structure; micro-optical structure

04 substrate, sheet

05

06

07

08

09

10

1 1 microlens

12 symmetry axis; optical axis

13 convex envelope

14 light beam

15

16 edge point

17 edge point

18 lens width

19 main level

20

21 plane envelope surface

22 focal length

23 focus

24 focal plane

25

26 substrate print image

Picture element (28a to 28j)

Material thickness; Thick cutting plane

Cone; Winkelfeld

first viewing angle

second viewing angle layer thickness

geometric figure of an optically imaging structure (03) contour

Grid cell grid point

grid line

lenticular

Vertex template

trough

Blank; semis

roughened area jetty

printing ink

print carrier

lower print layer upper print layer

Frame (57a to 57e)

mask

Hole; Slot color zone

web

Laser; excimer

Mask laser beam printing machine

Printing unit, collective printing unit

bruise

- Printing cylinder, imaging, form cylinder

Printing cylinder, imaging, form cylinder

Printing cylinder, ink collecting cylinder, transfer cylinder printing cylinder, ink collecting cylinder, transfer cylinder - inking unit, lifting inking unit

Inking unit, lifting inking unit

dampening

- Application device application device

Guide element, transport cylinder

Guide element, transport cylinder, embossing cylinder - printing unit, coating unit, screen printing unit

feeder

removal device

Claims

claims

1 . Method for producing a security element (01) or

Security document (02), where

a substrate is printed by at least one printing unit (101, 102) on a first side at the same time and / or at a same printing location with a plurality of superimposed partial printing images

- And on the same or the other side of the substrate (26) by a

Application device (1 16, 1 17) inline a microlenses (1 1) comprehensive optically imaging structure (03) is applied.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the security element (01) or security document (02) is constructed in each case by a plurality of superimposed planes, wherein a viewer of the

Security element (01) or the security document (02) facing upper level at least partially an underlying the viewer of the

Security element (01) or the security document (02) facing away lower level covered.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the lower level, a lower pressure layer (54) having a plurality of mutually parallel ink zones (61) and one of these ink zones (61) partially overlapping upper pressure layer (56) are arranged in the upper printing layer (56) a plurality of picture elements (28) are each arranged spaced next to each other.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two of the upper printing layer (56) arranged picture elements (28) are arranged on one of the in the lower printing layer (54) arranged ink zone (61) that in a plan view the security element (01) or security document (02) between the at least two in the upper printing layer (56) respectively spaced from each other arranged picture elements (28) in each case among these

Picture elements (28) in the lower printing layer (54) arranged ink zone (61) is visible, wherein at least two of the in the lower printing layer (54)

arranged color zones (61) and at least two in the upper printing layer (56) arranged picture elements (28) are each formed in different colors.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the ink zones (61) are strip-shaped or rectangular and / or that the ink zones (61) are formed in the printing inks red, green and blue.

6. The method according to claim 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that in the upper printing layer (56) arranged picture elements (28) are arranged uniformly spaced side by side.

7. The method of claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that a width of the in the upper printing layer (56) arranged pixels (28) each less than 30% of the rectified width of the respective in the lower printing layer (54) arranged Color zone (61) is.

8. The method of claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that arranged in the plan view of the security element (01) or security document (02) several different pairs of each alternately

Picture elements (28) are formed, wherein these pairs each consist of a by the respective ink zone (61) shown pixel (28) of the lower printing layer (54) and a picture element (28) of the upper printing layer (56) are formed.

9. The method of claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized

characterized in that the upper pressure layer (56) as a holes (59) and / or Slits (59) having the mask (58) is formed, wherein in the mask (58) in association with the respective ink zones (61) each have an individual pattern of holes (59) or slots (59) is introduced through which holes (59 ) or slots (59) through the respective ink of the underlying ink zone (61) is perceptible.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that in different

Ink zones (61) formed in each case is assigned a different pattern of holes (59) or slots (59) from the other ink zones (61) so that all the holes (59) or slots (59) are in their respective individual positions differ from one another depending on the color zone (61).

1 1. A method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10, characterized in that in the viewer of the

Security element (01) or the security document (02) facing the upper level which is formed at least one each a plurality of microlenses (1 1) having optically imaging structure (03).

12. The method according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are each rotationally symmetrical and / or plano-convex, wherein the microlenses (1 1) each have a lens width (18) in the range of less than 100 μηη, in particular of 20 μηη and 65 μηη have.

13. The method of claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the ink zones (61) each have a transverse to their respective longitudinal direction extending width in the region of

Have lens width (18).

14. The method of claim 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13, characterized characterized in that the holes (59) or slots (59) of the mask (58) at least transversely to the longitudinal direction of the respective ink zone (61) each have an extension, each smaller than the respective lens width (18) of those

Microlenses (1 1), which cover the mask (58).

15. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14, characterized in that the optically imaging structure (03) a plurality of groups of microlenses ( 1 1), wherein in each case one of these groups is arranged in each case in a grid cell (39) of a grid consisting of rows and columns.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the groups of

Microlenses (1 1) are uniformly formed and / or that a plurality of microlenses (1 1) are each grouped into a rectangle or as a rectangular area.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that each group of microlenses (1 1) in each case extends over a length which in the range of 120 μηη to 150 μηη and thus in the region of

Resolving power of the naked human eye more normal

Adult is lying.

18. The method of claim 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17, characterized in that the holes (59) or slots (59) of the mask (58) distributed in another grid of grid cells are arranged, said further grid in shape and / or size corresponding to that grid, in each of which a group of microlenses (1 1) of the optically imaging structure (03) is arranged.

19. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9th or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) having optically imaging structure (03) by injection molding or casting technology or embossing technology or printing technology is produced.

20. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the optical imaging structure (03) are made of a plastic or a resin.

21. A method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20, characterized in that a plurality of printed Partial print images form a printed image (27) of the security element (01) or the security document (02), the laser beam (66) emanating from a laser (63) at at least one selected location of a selected image element (28) of the print image (27) previously applied ink is removed, so that this printed image (27) at least one pixel (28) with at least one by means of each of the laser (63) emanating from the laser beam (66) freed from ink point.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the applied ink for forming the at least one picture element (28) of the printed image (27) on an opaque or transparent substrate (26) and from there by means of the laser (63) outgoing Laser beam (66) is selectively removed.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the

at least one point at which by means of the laser beam (66) in the selected picture element (28) of the printed image (27) to the previously applied ink to is selected, characterized in that in the beam path of the laser beam (66) a mask (64) is arranged with at least one passage for the laser beam (66), wherein the at least one passage in the mask (64) corresponding to the at least one of Ink to be liberated position in the selected picture element (28) of the printed image (27) is positioned.

24. The method according to claim 21 or 22 or 23, characterized in that the at least one picture element (28) is formed with the at least one in each case of ink to be liberated point in white ink.

25. The method of claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24, characterized in that a gas laser, in particular an excimer laser (63) is used as the laser (63).

26. The method of claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25, characterized

characterized in that the laser (63) is operated pulsed, wherein the laser (63) is operated with a pulse duration in the range between 1 ns and 40 ns.

27. The method of claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26, characterized in that the laser (63) is operated with a wavelength in the range between 100 nm and 360 nm.

28. The method of claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27, characterized in that with the laser beam (66) in the selected

Picture element (28) of the printed image (27) is a structure having a width in the range between 0.25 μηη and 1 μηη is formed.

29. The method of claim 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28, characterized in that between individual groups of microlenses (1 1) webs (62) are formed, which are free of microlenses (1 1).

A method according to claim 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 thereof

in that a first subset of the microlenses (1 1) arranged within the surface of the geometric figure (37) is arranged in one of the grid cells (39) of the grid, the microlenses (1 1) of the first subset each being rotationally symmetrical spherical or rotationally symmetrical aspherical are formed, wherein a within the surface of the same geometric figure (37) arranged second subset of the relevant optical imaging structure (03) belonging microlenses (1 1) in at least one lenticular grid (43) with a plurality of each axisymmetric rod-shaped microlenses (1 1) is arranged.

A method according to claim 30, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the first subset within the surface of the geometric figure (37) are each arranged without gaps and without overlap.

A method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the

Microlenses (1 1) of the first subset within the surface of the geometric figure (37) are each arranged in a grid each consisting of the same grid cells (39).

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the grid cells (39) are square or hexagonal.

34. The method of claim 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33, characterized in that at each of a grid cell (39) spanning grid points (41) each have a microlens (1 1) is arranged, wherein the vertex (44) of the respective microlens (1 1) each congruent with the respective grid point (41) is arranged, wherein the vertex (44) of the respective microlens (1 1) in each case at the intersection (44) of its optical axis (12) with its light entering the envelope surface (13).

35. The method of claim 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34, characterized

characterized in that in the respective lenticular (43) arranged in each case for the second subset belonging rod-shaped microlenses (1 1) are each aligned orthogonal to their rod length each without gaps and without overlapping.

36. The method of claim 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35, characterized in that within the surface of the geometric figure (37) a plurality of mutually different lenticular screens (43) are arranged.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that the plurality

within the surface of the geometric figure (37) arranged lenticular grid (43) have a mutually different orientation, wherein the respective

Orientation of different within the surface of the same optical imaging structure (03) arranged lenticular grid (43) are perpendicular or acute-angled or obtuse angle to each other.

38. The method according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that within the surface of the same optically imaging structure (03) arranged lenticular grid (43) in their respective shape and / or in their respective surface portion

are formed differently.

39. The method of claim 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29, characterized in that the security element (01) or the security document (02) each having an arrangement of a plurality of rod-shaped microlenses (1 1), wherein each orthogonal to their rod length concatenated

Microlenses (1 1) forming a lenticular grid (43), wherein a plurality each formed in a rectangular area lenticular grid (43) are each arranged in at least one row and / or in at least one column, wherein arranged adjacent lenticular grid (43) each arranged in a different orientation are.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that at a

Axially symmetrical rod-shaped microlens (1 1) whose

Symmetryeachse (12) extends orthogonal to their rod length, wherein the respective axis of symmetry (12) of the respective microlens (1 1) and their optical axis (12) each extend congruent.

41. A method according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the respective orientation of the respective lens grid (43) by the respective direction of the rod length of those involved in the construction of the lens array (43) concerned

Microlenses (1 1) is fixed.

42. The method according to claim 39 or 40 or 41, characterized in that

a plurality of the lenticular screens (43) each have a square rectangular area.

43. Method according to claim 39 or 40 or 41 or 42, characterized in that lenticular screens (43) of the same first orientation and other lenticular screens (43) of the same orientation different from the first orientation are alternately arranged.

44. The method of claim 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43, characterized

characterized in that each of the lenticular grids (43) involved in the optically imaging structure (03) has an edge length in the range of 100 μm to a maximum of 300 μm.

45. The method according to claim 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44, characterized in that a plurality of lenticular gratings (43) are combined to form the optically imaging structure (03), the lens grid belonging to the respective optically imaging structure (03) (43) a print image (27) underlaid together with this optically imaging structure (03).

46. The method of claim 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38, characterized in that the security element (01) or security document (02) each having an arrangement with a plurality of rotationally symmetrical microlenses (1 1), wherein the microlenses (1 1) having optically imaging structure (03) the geometric figure ( 37) with at least one of the respective convex

Forming envelope (13) of the respective microlenses (1 1) uncovered surface, wherein the respective of the respective convex envelope surface (13) of the respective microlenses (1 1) uncovered surface incident light rays (14) is formed diffusely reflecting.

47. Method according to claim 46, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are positioned relative to selected picture elements (28) of an underlying printed image (27), the respective position being related to selected picture elements (28) of an underlying printed image (27) the microlenses (1 1) is set in their manufacturing process.

48. The method of claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the incident light beams (14) diffuse reflective surface has a surface roughness, which is with respect to the respective wavelength of the incident light beams (14) in the same order of magnitude.

49. The method of claim 46 or 47 or 48, characterized in that of the microlenses (1 1) on the surface of the geometric figure uncovered areas dyed, in particular are colored white.

50. The method of claim 46 or 47 or 48 or 49, characterized in that the coloring, in particular whitening of the microlenses (1 1) on the surface of the geometric figure (37) uncovered areas is formed by printing technology.

51. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38, characterized in that the print image (27) consisting of a plurality of printed partial print images comprises a plurality of picture elements (28a to 28j), wherein in each case a plurality of picture elements (28a to 28j) are arranged under at least one of the microlenses (1 1) of the relevant optical imaging structure (03), said plurality of each under at least one of the microlenses (1 1) of the respective optically imaging elements (28a to 28j) are arranged side by side along the lens width (18) and each extending in the direction of this lens width (18) each over a shorter length than the respective lens width (18), w obei these pixels (28a to 28j) between the respective microlens (1 1) and its focus (23) in a plane parallel to the main plane (19) of the respective microlens (1 1) lying cutting plane (31) are arranged wherein the cutting plane (31) is arranged intersecting a cone (32) or an angular field (32) of the light incident in each case by the relevant microlens (11) in the direction of the juxtaposed picture elements (28a to 28j), wherein in the sectional plane (31 ) within the cone (32) or the angular field (32) at the same time a plurality of mutually different pixels (28a to 28j) are arranged in a row.

52. The method according to claim 51, characterized in that the under

relevant microlens (1 1) side by side arranged picture elements (28a to 28j) are assigned to different print motifs.

53. The method according to claim 51 or 52, characterized in that at least one of the juxtaposed picture elements (28a to 28j) in each case in different printing inks printed pixels and / or lines.

54. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that the respective in

different printing colors printed pixels and / or lines of the relevant picture element (28a to 28j) in their relative arrangement to each other a fitting accuracy of less than 10 μηη, in particular have a fit accuracy in the range of about 5 μηη and / or that with respect to the relevant picture element (28a to 28j) whose pixels have a pixel size and / or whose lines have a line thickness in each case in the range of less than 20 μm.

55. The method of claim 51 or 52 or 53 or 54, characterized in that the printed image (27) consists of a superimposition of several printed in different printing inks partial images.

56. The method of claim 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55, characterized

characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the relevant optical imaging Structure (03) each have a focal length (22) of less than 100 μηι.

57. The method of claim 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the relevant optically imaging structure (03) are each formed either rotationally symmetric spherical or aspherical or are formed axially symmetrical rod-shaped, wherein the respective axis of symmetry (12) of the respective microlens (1 1) and their optical axis (12) are each arranged congruently extending.

58. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57, characterized in that the optically imaging structure (03) has a group or a grid of several plano-convex microlenses (1 1), wherein the planar envelope surface ( 21) of the microlenses (1 1) faces the substrate (26), wherein the printed image (27) arranged on the substrate (26) has at least one picture element (28a to 28j) with at least one pixel and / or a line, wherein this Pixel and / or this line is formed by a pressure fluid pressure, the pressurized fluid only by ei ne excitation visible outside the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum is visible to the human eye.

59. The method according to claim 58, characterized in that the only visible through the outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic

Spectral excitation to the human eye visible pressure fluid as an infrared radiation absorbing ink or as an infrared radiation reflective ink or as an infrared ray visible-converting ink or as an ultraviolet ray fluorescent ink or as a magnetic ink is formed.

60. The method according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the excitation lying outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum is an ultraviolet radiation and / or infrared radiation and / or a magnetic field.

61. The method of claim 58 or 59 or 60, characterized in that in the plurality of plano-convex microlenses (1 1) having group or in the plurality of plano-convex microlenses (1 1) having grid of the respective optical imaging structure (03) are each provided defects each of which no microlens (1 1) is formed, wherein at the respective defect at least one pixel (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) is arranged with at least one pixel and / or a line, said pixel and / or this line printing technology is formed by the only visible to the human eye visible pressure fluid according to the excitation.

62. The method according to claim 58 or 59 or 60 or 61, characterized in that the relevant printed image (27) comprises at least in the area covered by the optically imaging structure (03) a plurality of each at least one image element (28a to 28j) having partial pressure images ,

63. The method according to claim 62, characterized in that arranged by the area covered by the optically imaging structure (03)

Partial print images at least one partial print image pixels (28a to 28j) each having at least one pixel and / or a line, wherein the pixel in question and / or the relevant line by printing in each case by the only according to the outside visible to the human eye

electromagnetic spectrum lying excitation to the human eye visible pressure fluid is formed.

64. The method according to claim 62 or 63, characterized in that at least one picture element (28a to 28j) of at least one partial printed image, which is arranged in the area of the printed image (27) covered by the optically imaging structure (03), is formed by a mixture wherein the mixture comprises a pressurized fluid visible to the human eye and pressurized fluid visible only to the stimulus to the human eye external to the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye.

65. The method according to claim 58 or 59 or 60 or 61 or 62 or 63 or 64, characterized in that in a first area covered by the optically imaging structure (03) the image elements (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) arranged therein in each case by a pressure fluid visible to the human eye and in a second area covered by the optically imaging structure (03), the image elements (28a to 28j) of the print image (27) arranged therein in each case by only one visible outside of that visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum lying stimulus for the

human eye visible pressure fluid are formed.

66. The method of claim 58 or 59 or 60 or 61 or 62 or 63 or 64 or 65, characterized in that the respective pixel size of the respective pixels and / or the line thickness of the respective lines each greater than a lens width (18) of the respective microlens (1 1) is formed or are.

67. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59 or 60 or 61 or 62 or 63 or 64 or 65 or 66, characterized in that the Security element (01) or security document (02) as a banknote or as a credit card or as a check or as a passport or as a passport or as a security or as a stock certificate or as a driver's license or title deed or as a travel document or as an admission ticket or as an official or official document.

Security element (01) or security document (02), comprising a

Arrangement of a plurality of microlenses (1 1) and a printed image (27) underlaid by this arrangement.

Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the security element (01) or security document (02) is in each case constructed by a plurality of planes arranged one above the other, wherein one of a viewer of the security element (01) or the security document (02 ) facing upper level at least partially covers an underlying the viewer of the security element (01) or the security document (02) facing away from lower level, wherein the arrangement of several

Microlenses (1 1) in the viewer of the security element (01) or the security document (02) facing upper level is arranged and there at least one each more microlenses (1 1) having optically imaging structure (03) is formed, wherein in the lower level a lower printing layer (54) having a plurality of ink zones (61) extending parallel to one another and an upper printing layer (56) partially covering these ink zones (61) are arranged.

70. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69, characterized in that in the upper printing layer (56) a plurality of picture elements (28) are each arranged spaced apart from each other.

71. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 70, characterized in that at least two of the upper printed layer (56) arranged picture elements (28) are arranged on one of the in the lower printing layer (54) arranged ink zone (61) in that in a plan view of the security element (01) or security document (02) between the at least two in the upper printing layer (56) each spaced from each other

arranged picture elements (28) in each case under these picture elements (28) in the lower printing layer (54) arranged color zone (61) is visible.

72. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71, characterized in that at least two of the lower printing layer (54) arranged ink zones (61) and / or at least two of the in the upper printing layer (56 ) arranged image elements (28) respectively

are formed in different colors.

73. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72, characterized in that the ink zones (61) in the

Printing inks red, green and blue are formed.

74. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73, characterized in that the ink zones (61) are strip-shaped or rectangular.

75. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74, characterized in that in the upper Printed layer (56) arranged image elements (28) evenly spaced next to each other are arranged.

76. The security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 75, characterized in that a width of the image elements (28) arranged in the upper printing layer (56) is less than 30 in each case % of the rectified width of the relevant in the lower printing layer (54) arranged ink zone (61).

77. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 75 or 76, characterized in that in the plan view of the security element (01) or security document (02) several different pairs each of alternatingly arranged image elements (28) are formed, wherein these pairs are each formed of a by the respective ink zone (61) illustrated pixel (28) of the lower printing layer (54) and a picture element (28) of the upper printing layer (56).

78. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 75 or 76 or 77, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are each formed rotationally symmetrical and / or plano-convex.

79. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 75 or 76 or 77 or 78, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) each have a lens width (18) in Range of less than 100 μηη, in particular 20 μηη and 65 μηη have.

80. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 79, characterized in that the ink zones (61) each have a width in the region of Have lens width (18).

81. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 69 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 78 or 79 or 80, characterized in that the upper pressure layer (56) as a holes (59) and / or slots (59) having mask

(58) is formed.

82. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 81, characterized in that in the mask (58) in association with the respective ink zones (61) in each case an individual pattern of holes (59) or slots (59) is introduced through which holes (59) or slots (59) through which the respective ink of the underlying ink zone (61) is perceptible.

83. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 81 or 82, characterized in that formed in different printing inks

Each ink zone (61) is associated with a different pattern of holes (59) or slots (59) from the other ink zones (61), so that all the holes

(59) or slots (59) differ in their respective individual positions depending on the color zone (61).

84. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 81 or 82 or 83, characterized in that the holes (59) or slots (59) at least transversely to the longitudinal direction of the respective ink zone (61) in each case one

Have each extension smaller than the respective lens width (18) of those microlenses (1 1), which cover the mask (58).

85. The security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 81 or 82 or 83 or 84, characterized in that the relevant optically imaging structure (03) has a plurality of groups of microlenses (1 1), one each of these groups, each in a grid cell of one of rows and columns

existing grating is arranged, wherein between the individual groups of microlenses (1 1) webs (62) are formed, which are free of microlenses (1 1).

86. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 81 or 82 or 83 or 84 or 85, characterized in that the holes (59) or slots (59) of the mask (58) distributed in a further grid of grid cells are, wherein this further grid in shape and / or size corresponds to that grid, in each of which a group of microlenses (1 1) of the optically imaging structure (03) is arranged.

87. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 85 or 86, characterized in that the groups of microlenses (1 1) are uniform and / or that a plurality of microlenses (1 1) are each grouped into a rectangle.

88. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 85 or 86 or 87, characterized in that each group of microlenses (1 1) extends in both dimensions in each case over a length which is in the range of 120 μηη to 150 μηη and thus in the range of the resolving power of the mere

human eyes of a normal-sighted adult.

89. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the printed image (27) is applied to a substrate (26) and the arrangement of a plurality of microlenses (1 1) comprises at least parts of the printed image (27). covering the optically imaging structure (03) forms, wherein the optically imaging structure (03) has a group or a grid of several plano-convex microlenses (1 1), wherein the plane envelope surface (21) of the microlenses (1 1) facing the substrate (26) is, wherein on the substrate (26) arranged Print image (27) at least one pixel (28a to 28j) having at least one pixel and / or a line, said pixel and / or this line is formed by a pressure fluid pressure fluid, wherein the pressurized fluid only through an outside of the human eye Visible electromagnetic spectrum lying excitation is visible to the human eye.

90. The security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89, characterized in that the excitation lying only outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye visible pressure fluid as an infrared absorbing ink or as an infrared radiation Ink or as infrared radiation into

Visible converting ink or as an ultraviolet radiation fluorescent ink or formed as a magnetic ink.

91. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89 or 90, characterized in that the excitation lying outside the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye is an ultraviolet radiation and / or an infrared radiation and / or a magnetic field.

92. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89 or 90 or 91, characterized in that the respective pixel size of the

respective pixels and / or the line thickness of the respective lines each greater than a lens width (18) of the respective microlens (1 1) is or are formed.

93. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89 or 90 or 91 or 92, characterized in that in the plurality of plano-convex microlenses (1 1) having group or in the plurality of plano-convex

Microlenses (1 1) having raster of the relevant optical imaging structure (03) each defect is provided, on each of which no microlens (1 1) is formed, wherein at the respective defect at least one pixel (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) is arranged with at least one pixel and / or a line wherein this pixel and / or this line is formed by printing technology by the visible only to the excitation of the human eye pressure fluid.

94. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89 or 90 or 91 or 92, characterized in that the relevant printed image (27) covers at least in the region covered by the optically imaging structure (03) a plurality of in each case at least one image element ( 28a to 28j)

Partial image has.

95. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 94, characterized in that arranged in the region covered by the optically imaging structure (03) partial image partial printing at least one partial image pixels (28a to 28j) each having at least one pixel and / or a line, wherein the pixel in question and / or the line in question by printing in each case by the only out of the for the

human eye visible electromagnetic spectrum lying excitation to the human eye visible pressure fluid is formed.

96. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 94 or 95, characterized in that at least one image element (28a to 28j) of at least one partial image which is covered in the area covered by the optically imaging structure (03) of the printed image (27 ), is formed by a mixture, wherein the mixture is a visible to the human eye pressure fluid and only due to the outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic spectrum excitation for the human eye has visible pressure fluid.

97. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 89 or 90 or 91 or 92 or 93 or 94 or 95 or 96, characterized in that in a first area covered by the optically imaging structure (03) the image elements arranged therein (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) in each case by a visible to the human eye pressure fluid and in a second of the optically imaging structure (03) area covered image elements (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) arranged therein by a only because of the outside of the visible to the human eye electromagnetic

Spectrum lying excitation to the human eye visible pressure fluid are formed.

98. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the arrangement of a plurality of microlenses (1 1) forms an optically imaging structure (03), the microlenses (1 1) of the optically imaging structure (03 ) are formed plankonvex, wherein at least one of the microlenses (1 1) of the respective optical imaging structure (03) each have a plurality of pixels (28a to 28j) are arranged, said plurality each under at least one of the microlenses (1 1) of the respective optically imaging elements (28a to 28j) are arranged side by side along the lens width (18) and each extending in the direction of this lens width (18) each have a shorter length than the respective lens width (18), said pixels (28a to 28j) between the respective microlens (11) and its focus (23) in a direction parallel to the main plane (19) of the respective microlens (11) ), wherein the cutting plane (31) a cone (32) or an angular field (32) of each by the respective microlens (1 1) in the direction of juxtaposed pixels (28a to 28j) incident light intersecting is arranged, in the cutting plane (31) within the cone (32) or the angular field (32) at the same time a plurality of mutually different pixels (28a to 28j) are arranged in a row.

99. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98, characterized in that each of the microlenses (1 1) along the side by side arranged picture elements (28a to 28j) of the printed image (27) each have a

Lens width (18) of less than 100 μηη has.

100. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98 or 99, characterized in that at least one of the side-by-side arranged picture elements (28a to 28j) in each case in different printing inks printed pixels and / or lines.

101. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 100,

characterized in that each printed in different printing inks pixels and / or lines of the relevant picture element (28a to 28j) in their relative arrangement to each other a fitting accuracy of less than

10 μηη, in particular have a fit accuracy in the range of about 5 μηη and / or that in terms of the relevant picture element (28a to 28j) whose pixels have a pixel size and / or their lines have a line thickness in each case in the range of less than 20 μηη.

102. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98 or 99 or 100 or 101, characterized in that the printed image (27) consists of a superimposition of several printed in different printing inks partial images.

103. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98 or 99 or 100 or 101 or 102, characterized in that the image elements (28a to 28j) arranged side by side under the respective microlens (11) are assigned to different print motifs.

104. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98 or 99 or 100 or 101 or 102 or 103, characterized in that the

Microlenses (1 1) of the relevant optical imaging structure (03) each have a focal length (22) of less than 100 μηη.

105. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 98 or 99 or 100 or 101 or 102 or 103 or 104, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the respective optically imaging structure (03) are each either rotationally symmetric spherical or are formed aspherical or are formed axially symmetrical rod-shaped, wherein the respective

Symmetryeachse (12) of the respective microlens (1 1) and the optical axis (12) are each arranged congruently extending.

106. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the arrangement form an optically imaging structure (03) in the form of a geometric figure (37), one within the surface of the geometrical figure (37) arranged first subset of these microlenses (1 1) in a lattice cells (39) existing grid is arranged in the lattice microlenses (1 1) are each formed rotationally symmetric spherical or rotationally symmetric aspherical, one within the surface the same geometric figure (37) arranged second subset of the relevant optical imaging structure (03) belonging microlenses (1 1) in at least one lenticular grid (43) with a plurality of each axisymmetric rod-shaped microlenses (1 1) is arranged.

107. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are each formed plano-convex.

108. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106 or 107, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the first subset within the surface of the geometric figure (37) each without gaps and

are arranged without overlapping.

109. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106 or 107 or 108, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the first subset within the surface of the geometric figure (37) each in a respective same grid cells (39 ) existing gratings are arranged.

1 10. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 109,

characterized in that the grid cells (39) are square or hexagonal.

1 1 1. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106 or 107 or 108 or 109 or 1 10, characterized in that at each of a grid cell (39) spanning grid points (41) each have a microlens (1 1) is arranged, the apex (44) of the respective microlens (11) is in each case arranged congruently with the relevant lattice point (41), the vertex (44) of the relevant microlens (11) being in each case at the intersection (44) of its optical axis (12). with its light entry serving envelope surface (13).

1 12. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106 or 107 or 108 or 109 or 1 10 or 1 1 1, characterized in that in the respective lenticular (43) respectively belonging to the second subset of rod-shaped microlenses (1 1) are each strung together orthogonal to their rod length each gap and without overlapping. 13. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 106 or 107 or 108 or 109 or 1 10 or 1 1 1 or 1 12, characterized in that within the surface of the geometric figure (37) a plurality of different lens raster (43 ) are arranged. 14. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 13,

characterized in that the plurality within the area of

geometric figure (37) arranged lenticular grid (43) have a mutually different orientation, wherein the respective orientation

different lens rasters (43) arranged within the surface of the same optically imaging structure (03) are at right angles or at acute angles or at an obtuse angle to one another. 15. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 13 or 1 14, characterized in that within the surface of the same optically imaging structure (03) arranged lenticular grid (43) in their respective shape and / or in their respective surface portion are formed differently. 16. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the arrangement of a plurality of each rod-shaped

formed microlenses (1 1), wherein each orthogonal to their rod length lined-up microlenses (1 1) forming a lenticular grid (43), wherein a plurality of the lenticular (43) are each formed as a rectangular area, wherein a plurality of each formed in a rectangular area lenticular grid (43) 43) each in at least one row and / or arranged in at least one column, wherein adjacently arranged lens raster (43) are each arranged in a different orientation.

1 17. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16,

characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are each formed axially symmetric and / or plano-convex.

1 18. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17, characterized in that extends in an axisymmetric rod-shaped microlens (1 1) whose axis of symmetry (12) orthogonal to their rod length, wherein the respective axis of symmetry (12) of the respective microlens (1 1) and their optical axis (12) each extend congruent.

1 19. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17 or 1 18, characterized in that the respective orientation of the respective lens grid (43) by the respective direction of the rod length of the structure of the respective lens grid (43 ) involved microlenses (1 1) is fixed.

120. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17 or 1 18 or 1 19, characterized in that a plurality of the lenticular screens (43) each have a square square surface.

121. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17 or 1 18 or 1 19 or 120, characterized in that lenticular (43) of the same first orientation and other lenticular (43) of the same from the first orientation different second orientation are arranged alternately.

122. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17 or 1 18 or 1 19 or 120 or 121, characterized in that adjacently arranged lens raster (43) are each arranged without gaps and without overlap.

123. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 1 16 or 1 17 or 1 18 or 1 19 or 120 or 121 or 122, characterized in that a plurality of lenticular grids (43) to an optically imaging structure (03)

wherein the lens rasters (43) belonging to the relevant optical imaging structure (03) jointly image a printed image (27) underlaid by this optical imaging structure (03).

124. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 123,

characterized in that each of the lens grid (43) involved in the optically imaging structure (03) has an edge length in the range of 100 μηι to a maximum of 300 μηι.

125. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 68, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) of the arrangement respectively

The microlenses (1 1) have an optically imaging structure (03) in the form of a geometric figure (37) with at least one of the respective convex envelope surface (13) of the relevant Form microlenses (1 1) uncovered surface, wherein the respective of the respective convex envelope surface (13) of the respective microlenses (1 1) uncovered surface incident light rays (14) is formed diffusely reflecting.

126. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125,

characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) each spherical or aspheric and / or plano-convex are formed.

127. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125 or 126, characterized in that the grid cells (39) are square or hexagonal.

128. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125 or 126 or 127, characterized in that the incident light beams (14) diffuse reflecting surface has a roughness, with respect to the respective wavelength of the incident light beams (14) in of the same order of magnitude.

129. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125 or 126 or 127 or 128, characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are positioned relative to selected picture elements (28) of the underlying printed image (27).

130. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 129,

characterized in that the respective selected on selected pixels (28) of the underlying print image (27) position of the microlenses (1 1) is set in their manufacturing process.

131. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125 or 126 or 127 or 128 or 129 or 130, characterized in that areas not covered by the microlenses (1 1) on the surface of the geometric figure (37) are colored, in particular white are colored.

132. security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 131,

characterized in that the coloring, in particular whitening of the Microlenses (1 1) on the surface of the geometric figure (37) uncovered areas formed by printing technology.

133. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 125 or 126 or 127 or 128 or 129 or 130 or 131 or 132 thereof

characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) consist of a plastic or resin.

134. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to claim 133,

characterized in that the microlenses (1 1) are formed by casting or embossing technology.

135. Security element (01) or security document (02) according to one of claims 68 to 134, characterized in that the security element (01) or security document (02) as a banknote or as a credit card or as a check or as a passport or as a passport or a security or a share certificate or a driver's license or a title deed or a travel document or an admission ticket or an official or official document.