WO2019071556A1 - 一种用于智能终端的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端 - Google Patents

一种用于智能终端的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端 Download PDF

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WO2019071556A1
WO2019071556A1 PCT/CN2017/105989 CN2017105989W WO2019071556A1 WO 2019071556 A1 WO2019071556 A1 WO 2019071556A1 CN 2017105989 W CN2017105989 W CN 2017105989W WO 2019071556 A1 WO2019071556 A1 WO 2019071556A1
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pin
protection element
voltage
charging control
charging
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PCT/CN2017/105989
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈谊俊
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深圳传音通讯有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/105989 priority Critical patent/WO2019071556A1/zh
Priority to CN201780095904.9A priority patent/CN111316524A/zh
Publication of WO2019071556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019071556A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

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  • the present invention relates to the field of intelligent terminals, and in particular, to a charging circuit for an intelligent terminal and an intelligent terminal having the same.
  • smart terminal devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, and multimedia players are often used in daily life and work, facilitating people to connect with external, file browsing, entertainment and other functions.
  • a battery is disposed in the smart terminal, and the battery provides working power for the smart terminal.
  • the battery's electrical energy storage capacity is limited, and the battery needs to be charged by an external power source before the battery is exhausted.
  • the battery of the smart terminal has a capacity of between 1000 mAh and 4000 mAh according to the design. According to the current technical conditions, it takes 1 to 3 hours to fully charge the battery of one smart terminal.
  • the smart terminal needs to be connected to an external power source during charging, but the voltage of the external power source is not always stable, and there is still a probability of a surge.
  • Electrical surge as the name implies, is the peak that exceeds the steady value in an instant. It includes surge voltage and surge current. Surge is also called a surge, which is an instantaneous overvoltage that exceeds the normal operating voltage. In essence, a surge is a violent pulse that occurs in just a few millionths of a second. Possible causes of surges are: heavy equipment, short circuits, power switching, or large engines. The electrical equipment needs to work in a stable voltage range, and the presence of the surge will cause the voltage to exceed the operating voltage range of the electrical equipment.
  • the surge can cause great harm to the electrical equipment, especially for the precision of the intelligent terminal.
  • Equipment most of the electronic components inside the intelligent terminal are working at a weak voltage level, which is very fragile and needs to protect against surges.
  • the smart terminal is the most common electrical contact with the outside when charging, so it is especially important to perform surge protection in the charging phase of the smart terminal.
  • the prior art has made efforts on surge protection.
  • the main technical means is to use a charging control chip to manage the charging process, and a Zener diode is connected to the power input end of the charging control chip. When the surge comes, The Zener diode stabilizes the voltage input to the charge control chip at its rated voltage, protecting subsequent electronic components from high voltage surges.
  • the prior art still has the following problems:
  • the prior art often uses a Zener diode with a rated voltage of 7V. It is easy to burn the Zener diode when a surge occurs;
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a charging circuit for an intelligent terminal and an intelligent terminal having the same, which provides secondary protection by arranging a protection component on a power load pin of the charging control chip.
  • a protection component on a power load pin of the charging control chip.
  • a first aspect of the present application discloses a charging circuit for an intelligent terminal, which is disposed in the smart terminal, and includes a charging control module and a battery, and an input end of the charging control module is connected to an external power source, and the charging An output of the control module is coupled to the battery to provide a charging current to the battery, and the charging control module includes:
  • the charging control chip includes at least a power input pin, a power output pin and a power load pin, wherein the power input pin is an input end of the charging control module, and the power output pin is the charging control An output end of the module, wherein the electrical load pin supplies power to the electrical load in the intelligent terminal;
  • a first protection element a first end of the first protection element is connected to the power input pin, and a second end of the first protection element is connected to a ground;
  • the first end of the second protection element is connected to the electrical load pin, and the second end of the second protection element is connected to the ground;
  • the first protection element maintains the external supply voltage at a first voltage when the external power source generates a surge, and the second protection element maintains the electrical load voltage at a second voltage.
  • the first voltage ranges from 10V to 15V; the second voltage ranges from 6V to 8V.
  • the first protection element and the second protection element are Zener diodes
  • the cathode of the Zener diode is a first end
  • the anode of the diode is a second end.
  • the first protection element is a transient suppression diode
  • the cathode of the transient suppression diode is a first end
  • the anode of the transient suppression diode is a second end.
  • the first protection element and the second protection element are varistor.
  • the charging control chip includes a switch tube, an input end of the switch tube is connected to the power input pin, and an output end of the switch tube is connected to the power load pin;
  • a tube allows current to flow unidirectionally from the power input pin to the power load pin.
  • the charging control chip further includes a temperature detecting pin, and the temperature detecting pin is connected to a temperature detecting circuit to detect a temperature in the smart terminal.
  • the charging control chip further comprises a serial communication pin for serial communication with other devices.
  • an intelligent terminal including the above charging circuit.
  • the smart terminal further includes: a main control unit, disposed on the smart terminal main board, connected to the charging control chip, and serially communicating with an external device through the charging control chip.
  • a main control unit disposed on the smart terminal main board, connected to the charging control chip, and serially communicating with an external device through the charging control chip.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit for a smart terminal in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit for an intelligent terminal according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit for a smart terminal in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of a charging control chip in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent terminal according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 101-charge control module 101-charge control module, 102-charge control chip, 1021-power input pin, 1022-power output pin, 1023-electric load pin, 1024-switch, 103-battery, 104-external power supply, 105- Electrical load, 106 - first protection element, 107 - second protection element, 200 - intelligent terminal, main control unit 201.
  • the term “if” may be interpreted to mean “when” or “once” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” depending on the context.
  • the phrase “if determined” or “if a condition or event is stated” is optionally interpreted as meaning “once determined” or “in response to determining” or “once detected” The stated condition or event] or “in response to the detection of [stated condition or event]”.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit for a smart terminal in the prior art
  • a first protection component 106 that is, a surge protection device
  • the surge protection device is disposed at the front end of the Vbus pin of the charge control chip 102 (U602 in FIG. 1), that is, the front end of the power input pin 1021. Since the charging voltage is 5V DC, the operating voltage of the surge protection device is 7V under normal conditions. However, the surge protection device with 7V working voltage is prone to DC high voltage burnout, and the other scheme is to use 12V surge protection device. This design defect is that when the smart terminal performs the surge test in the charging state, the charging control chip 102 is designed to withstand a low voltage, and the charging control chip 102 is damaged at a low surge voltage (50V surge).
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are a schematic structural diagram and a circuit diagram of a charging circuit for an intelligent terminal according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit is disposed in the smart terminal 200, and includes a charging control module 101 and a battery 103.
  • the input of the charging control module 101 is connected to the external power source 104.
  • the output of the charging control module 101 is connected to the battery 103 to provide a charging current to the battery 103.
  • the charging control module 101 includes:
  • the charging control chip 102 includes at least a power input pin 1021, a power output pin 1022, and a power load pin 1023, wherein the power input pin 1021 is an input end of the charging control module 101, and the power output is The pin 1022 is an output end of the charging control module 101, and the electrical load pin 1023 supplies power to the power load 105 in the smart terminal 200.
  • the model of the charge control chip 102 is preferably BQ24195 or other models in the series. With the development of the technology of the smart terminal 200, the charging management is more and more intelligent and integrated, and the charging process is often managed by the high-performance charging control chip 102 to ensure the charging safety and prolong the life of the battery 103.
  • the battery 103 is a main energy storage component in the smart terminal 200, and can be classified into a lithium battery, a lead acid battery, or the like according to the storage medium.
  • the mainstream battery 103 applied to the smart terminal 200 is a lithium battery.
  • the battery 103 has a charging voltage of 4.2V and an operating voltage of 3.7V. Compared with a lead-acid battery, the lithium battery has higher energy density and light weight, and is suitable as a lithium battery. Energy storage components for handheld devices.
  • a first end of the first protection element 106 is coupled to the power input pin 1021, and a second end of the first protection element 106 is coupled to ground.
  • the first protection component 106 can be a surge absorber, a diode, a varistor, or the like that is capable of absorbing surges.
  • the first protection component 106 is disposed at the power input pin 1021 of the charge control chip 102 to provide surge protection at the source.
  • the first end of the second protection element 107 is connected to the electrical load pin 1023, and the second end of the second protection element 107 is connected to the ground.
  • the second protection component 107 can be a surge absorber, a diode, a varistor, or the like that is capable of absorbing surges.
  • the second protection component 107 is disposed at the electrical load pin 1023 of the charge control chip 102 to provide surge protection for the electrical load.
  • the working characteristics of the first protection element 106 and the second protection element 107 are that when the external voltage is less than its rated voltage, the high resistance state is maintained, and the current flows into the subsequent electronic components; when the external voltage is greater than its rated voltage, the approximate impact is formed. In the through state, current flows through the first protection element 106 or the second protection element 107 without causing an impact on subsequent electronic components. That is to say, the first protection element 106 and the second protection element 107 have a voltage stabilization effect.
  • the first protection element 106 maintains the voltage of the external power source 104 at a first voltage
  • the second protection element 107 maintains the voltage of the power load 105 at a second Voltage.
  • the first voltage is the rated voltage of the first protection element 106
  • the second voltage is the rated voltage of the second protection element 107.
  • the constant voltage may be different.
  • the power provided by the external power source 104 may have a voltage drop after passing through the charging control chip 102. Therefore, the rated voltage of the second protection component 107 is lower than the rated voltage of the first protection component 106. This can form a step protection. If the rated voltage of the second protection element 107 is higher than the rated voltage of the first protection element 106, it is meaningless because the first protection element 106 will first reach the rated voltage. When worn, the second protection element 107 does not reach the rated voltage and does not play a protective role.
  • the first voltage ranges from 10V to 15V; the second voltage ranges from 6V to 8V.
  • the improved embodiment preferably optimizes the operating voltages of the first protection element 106 and the second protection element 107.
  • the first protective element 106 has a nominal voltage between 10V and 15V, preferably 12V; the second protective element 107 has a nominal voltage between 6V and 8V, preferably 7V.
  • the above voltage selection takes into account the input voltage of the charge control chip 102 and the operating voltage of each component in the smart terminal 200.
  • the first protection component 106 and the second protection component 107 are Zener diodes, the cathode of the Zener diode is a first end, and the anode of the diode is a second end.
  • Zener diode the English name Zener diode, also known as Zener diode, uses the reverse breakdown state of the pn junction, its current can vary in a wide range and the voltage is basically constant, the diode that acts as a voltage regulator .
  • This diode is a semiconductor device that has a very high resistance until the critical reverse breakdown voltage. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance is reduced to a small value. In this low resistance region, the current increases and the voltage remains constant.
  • the Zener diode is binned according to the breakdown voltage because of this characteristic.
  • the Zener diode is mainly used as a voltage regulator or voltage reference component. Zener diodes can be connected in series for use at higher voltages, resulting in higher regulated voltages in series.
  • the Zener diodes can be divided into various types according to the operating voltage. Therefore, the Zener diodes of the corresponding rated voltage can be selected as the first protection component 106 and the second protection component 107 according to actual needs.
  • the Zener diode should be connected to the high voltage point when the cathode is used, and the anode is connected to the ground, that is, the reverse phase connection.
  • the forward characteristics of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the Zener diode are similar to those of a conventional diode.
  • the reverse characteristic is that when the reverse voltage is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is large and the reverse leakage current is extremely small.
  • the reverse voltage approaches the critical value of the reverse voltage, the reverse current suddenly increases, called breakdown, at which the reverse resistance suddenly drops to a small value.
  • the current varies over a wide range, the voltage across the diode is substantially stabilized near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving a diode regulation function.
  • the first protection element 106 is a transient suppression diode, the cathode of the transient suppression diode is a first end, and the anode of the transient suppression diode is a second end.
  • the first protection element 106 assumes the most important task in the overall protection surge measure, and is the first line of defense. When a surge occurs, the current left by the first protection element 106 is very large, so Components suitable for high current operating scenarios must be selected.
  • the preferred embodiment uses a transient suppression diode as the first protection element 106.
  • Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) is a high-performance protection device in the form of a diode.
  • the two poles of the TVS When the two poles of the TVS are subjected to a reverse transient high-energy shock, it can change the high impedance between the two poles to a low impedance at a speed of 10 on the order of minus 12 powers, absorbing up to several kilowatts of surge power.
  • the voltage between the two poles is clamped to a predetermined value, effectively protecting the precision components in the electronic circuit from various surge pulses.
  • the transient suppression diode is also connected in reverse phase, the cathode is connected to a high voltage point, and the anode is grounded.
  • TVS devices can be divided into unipolar and bipolar according to their polarities. According to their applications, they can be divided into general-purpose devices and special-purpose devices suitable for various circuits.
  • According to the package and internal structure can be divided into: axial lead diode, dual in-line TVS array (for multi-line protection), patch, component and high-power modular.
  • the first protection element 106 and the second protection element 107 are varistor.
  • the varistor is a voltage-limiting protection device that utilizes the nonlinear characteristic of the varistor. When an overvoltage occurs between the two poles of the varistor, the varistor can clamp the voltage to a relatively fixed voltage value. Realize the protection of the latter circuit.
  • the main parameters of the varistor are: varistor voltage, current capacity, junction capacitance, response time and so on.
  • the response time of the varistor is ns, which is faster than the gas discharge tube and slightly slower than the TVS tube. Under normal circumstances, the response speed of the overvoltage protection for the electronic circuit can meet the requirements.
  • the junction capacitance of a varistor is generally in the order of several hundred to several thousand Pf. In many cases, it should not be directly applied to the protection of high-frequency signal lines. When it is used in the protection of an AC circuit, it will increase leakage due to its large junction capacitance. The current needs to be fully considered when designing the protection circuit.
  • the varistor has a large flow capacity but is smaller than a gas discharge tube.
  • the varistor abbreviated as VDR, is a voltage-sensitive nonlinear overvoltage protection semiconductor component. The varistor is less expensive than a transient suppression diode and can be used as an alternative. The varistor is used in parallel with the protected electrical equipment or components.
  • the varistor and the protected device and components simultaneously withstand Vs due to the pressure.
  • the responsive resistor has a fast response speed, and it quickly exhibits excellent nonlinear conductive characteristics in nanosecond time. At this time, the voltage across the varistor drops rapidly, far less than Vs, so that the protected devices and components actually bear The voltage is much lower than the overvoltage Vs, so that the device and components are protected from overvoltage.
  • the charging control chip 102 further includes a temperature detecting pin, as shown in the TS1 and TS2 pins of FIG.
  • the temperature detecting pin is connected to a temperature detecting circuit to detect the temperature in the smart terminal 200.
  • Both the charging circuit and the battery 103 are working components that are very prone to heat, especially when charging, which is prone to heat, damages the components or reduces the service life of the components, and can cause a fire in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to perform temperature detection on the inside of the smart terminal 200, in particular, temperature detection of components that are prone to heat, and can be set in the above component parts.
  • the temperature detecting pin detecting the voltage of the thermistor, when the temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor changes, and the synchronization is caused Voltage changes can be detected.
  • the thermistor is affected by temperature, and its resistance value changes. By detecting the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature change can be known.
  • the thermistor is divided into a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) according to the temperature coefficient. Typical characteristics of thermistors are temperature sensitive and exhibit different resistance values at different temperatures.
  • the positive temperature coefficient thermistor has a higher resistance value at higher temperatures, and the lower the resistance value of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) at higher temperatures, they belong to the semiconductor device.
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient thermistor
  • the charging control chip 102 further includes a serial communication pin, as shown in the SDA, SCL, and OTG pins of FIG.
  • the charging control chip 102 performs serial communication with other devices through the above pins.
  • OTG is the abbreviation of On-The-Go. It is a technology developed in recent years. It was announced by the USB Implementers Forum on December 18, 2001. It is mainly used for the connection between various devices or mobile devices for data exchange. OTG technology is to realize the data transmission between devices without Host.
  • the digital camera is directly connected to the printer, and the OTM technology is used to connect the USB port between the two devices to print the photos immediately; or
  • the data in the digital camera is sent to the mobile hard disk of the USB interface through the OTG, and there is no need to carry an expensive memory card or a portable computer in the field operation.
  • OTG technology USB interface accessories can be extended to smart terminals to enrich the functions of smart terminals, such as expanding remote control accessories, turning mobile phones and tablets into universal remote controls, especially for Pad, mobile phones, and consumer devices. It is inconvenient to exchange data between up to seven types of memory cards by changing a variety of different types of connectors between devices such as digital cameras, camcorders, and printers.
  • the charging control chip 102 includes:
  • the switch 1024 is the Q1 in the figure, the input end thereof is connected to the power input pin 1021, the output end of the switch tube 1024 is connected to the power load pin 1023, and the switch 1024 is controlled.
  • the terminal is connected to the power input pin 1021.
  • the switch tube 1024 allows current to flow unidirectionally from the power input pin 1021 to the power load pin 1024, that is, to prevent reverse current flow and not output voltage to the outside. Since the control end of the switch 1024 is connected to the power input pin 1021, the voltage of the control terminal is consistent with the voltage of the external power source 104, when the voltage of the power load pin 1023 is higher than the external power source 104.
  • the switch tube 1024 When the voltage is low, the switch tube 1024 is turned on and can be normally charged; when the voltage of the power load pin 1023 is higher than the voltage of the external power source 104, The switch 1024 is turned off, and there is no current between the power input pin 1021 and the power load pin 1024.
  • the switch tube 1024 is preferably a field effect transistor.
  • Field Effect Transistor FET
  • field effect transistor is composed of majority carriers and is also called unipolar transistor. It is a voltage-controlled semiconductor device with high input resistance (107 ⁇ 1015 ⁇ ), low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, easy integration, no secondary breakdown, wide safe working area, etc. A strong competitor for pole and power transistors.
  • the second protection component 107 can effectively protect other components in the charge control chip 102 from high.
  • the voltage surge makes the surge withstand capability of the charge control chip 102 enhanced.
  • the smart terminal includes the above charging circuit.
  • the smart terminal 200 further includes:
  • the main control unit 201 is disposed on the smart terminal main board, and is connected to the charging control chip 102, and serially communicates with an external device through the charging control chip 102.
  • the main control unit 201 that is, the CPU of the smart terminal 200, undertakes most of the work tasks of the smart terminal 200 during operation, can store data, run calculations, and logically determine, and has an input and output interface.
  • the main control unit 201 is provided with a serial interface. When the smart terminal 200 is connected to an external device through a USB interface, the main control unit 201 can be connected to the charging control chip 102 and pass through the charging control chip 102. Communicate with external devices.

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于智能终端（200）的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端（200），该充电电路包括充电控制模块（101）及电池（103），该充电控制模块（101）包括：充电控制芯片（102），至少包括电源输入引脚（1021）、电源输出引脚（1022）及用电负载引脚（1023），其中该电源输入引脚（1021）为该充电控制模块（101）的输入端，该电源输出引脚（1022）为该充电控制模块（101）的输出端，该用电负载引脚（1023）向该智能终端（200）内的用电负载（105）供电；第一保护元件（106），该第一保护元件（106）的第一端与该电源输入引脚（1021）连接，该第一保护元件（106）的第二端与地连接；第二保护元件（107），该第二保护元件（107）的第一端与该用电负载引脚（1023）连接，该第二保护元件（107）的第二端与地连接。采用上述技术方案后，实现高等级的浪涌防护，提升该智能终端（200）的可靠性。

Description

一种用于智能终端的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端 技术领域
本发明涉及智能终端领域，尤其涉及一种用于智能终端的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端。
背景技术
目前，智能手机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器等智能终端设备常用于日常生活、工作中，方便人们实现联系外部、文件浏览、娱乐等功能。所述智能终端内设有电池，电池为所述智能终端提供工作电源。所述电池的电能存储容量是有限的，在电池电量耗尽之前需要通过外部电源对电池充电。所述智能终端的电池根据设计不同，其容量在1000mAh～4000mAh之间，按照当前的技术条件，将一个智能终端的电池充满电往往需要1～3小时不等。
所述智能终端在充电时需要和外部电源连接，然而外部电源的电压并不总是稳定的，仍有概率出现浪涌。浪涌(Electrical surge)，顾名思义就是瞬间出现超出稳定值的峰值，它包括浪涌电压和浪涌电流。浪涌也叫突波，就是超出正常工作电压的瞬间过电压。本质上讲，浪涌是发生在仅仅几百万分之一秒时间内的一种剧烈脉冲。可能引起浪涌的原因有：重型设备、短路、电源切换或大型发动机。用电设备需要工作在一个稳定的电压区间，而浪涌的存在会使电压超出用电设备的工作电压范围，可见浪涌可对用电设备造成极大危害，特别是对于智能终端这样的精密设备，所述智能终端内部大部分电子元件都是工作在弱电电压等级，非常脆弱，需要对浪涌进行防护。所述智能终端在充电时是最常见的与外部产生电气接触的情况，因此在所述智能终端的充电环节做好浪涌防护尤其重要。现有技术已经对浪涌防护做了努力，主要的技术手段是使用充电控制芯片对充电过程进行管理，在所述充电控制芯片的电源输入端并接一个稳压二极管，当浪涌来临时，所述稳压二极管将输入所述充电控制芯片的电压稳定在其额定电压上，保护后续的电子元件不受高电压的冲击。然而，现有技术仍存在以下问题：
1、现有技术往往采用额定电压为7V的稳压二极管，发生浪涌时很容易将该稳压二极管烧毁；
2、若采用额定电压为12V的稳压二极管，由于充电控制芯片的设计耐压较低，在低浪涌电压(50V浪涌)时就会导致充电控制芯片损坏。
因此，需要一种浪涌防护等级更高的充电电路，能够保证在所述智能终端充电时，其扛浪涌能力相对于现有技术大幅提升。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于智能终端的充电电路及具有该电路的智能终端，通过在充电控制芯片的用电负载引脚布设一保护元件，提供了二次防护能力，实现高等级的浪涌防护。
本申请的第一方面，公开了一种用于智能终端的充电电路，设于所述智能终端内，包括充电控制模块及电池，所述充电控制模块的输入端与外部电源连接，所述充电控制模块的输出端与所述电池连接，向所述电池提供充电电流，所述充电控制模块包括：
充电控制芯片，至少包括电源输入引脚、电源输出引脚及用电负载引脚，其中所述电源输入引脚为所述充电控制模块的输入端，所述电源输出引脚为所述充电控制模块的输出端，所述用电负载引脚向所述智能终端内的用电负载供电；
第一保护元件，所述第一保护元件的第一端与所述电源输入引脚连接，所述第一保护元件的第二端与地连接；
第二保护元件，所述第二保护元件的第一端与所述用电负载引脚连接，所述第二保护元件的第二端与地连接；
当所述外部电源产生浪涌时，所述第一保护元件将所述外部电源电压保持在第一电压，所述第二保护元件将所述用电负载电压保持在第二电压。
优选地，所述第一电压的范围为10V至15V之间；所述第二电压的范围为6V至8V之间。
优选地，所述第一保护元件及第二保护元件为稳压二极管，所述稳压二极管的阴极为第一端，所述二极管的阳极为第二端。
优选地，所述第一保护元件为瞬态抑制二极管，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阴极为第一端，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阳极为第二端。
优选地，所述第一保护元件及第二保护元件为压敏电阻。
优选地，所述充电控制芯片内包括一开关管，所述开关管的输入端与所述电源输入引脚连接，所述开关管的输出端与所述用电负载引脚连接；所述开关管允许电流从所述电源输入引脚单向流至所述用电负载引脚。
优选地，所述充电控制芯片还包括温度检测引脚，所述温度检测引脚与一温度检测电路连接，检测所述智能终端内的温度。
优选地，所述充电控制芯片还包括串行通讯引脚，与其他设备进行串行通讯。
本申请的第二方面，公开了一种智能终端，包括上述充电电路。
优选地，所述智能终端还包括：主控单元，设于所述智能终端主板上，与所述充电控制芯片连接，通过所述充电控制芯片与外部设备进行串行通讯。
采用了上述技术方案后，与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
1.实现高等级的浪涌防护，提升所述智能终端的可靠性；
2.成本较低。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中用于智能终端的充电电路的电路图；
图2为符合本发明一优选实施例中用于智能终端的充电电路的结构示意图；
图3为符合本发明一优选实施例中用于智能终端的充电电路的电路图；
图4为符合本发明一优选实施例中充电控制芯片的结构框图；
图5为符合本发明一优选实施例中智能终端的结构示意图。
附图标记：
101-充电控制模块、102-充电控制芯片、1021-电源输入引脚、1022-电源输出引脚、1023-用电负载引脚、1024-开关管、103-电池、104-外部电源、105-用电负载、106-第一保护元件、107-第二保护元件、200-智能终端、主控单元201。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本申请的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点及功效。
在下述描述中，参考附图，附图描述了本申请的若干实施例。应当理解，还可使用其他实施例，并且可以在不背离本公开的精神和范围的情况下进行机械组成、结构、电气以及操作上的改变.下面的详细描述不应该被认为是限制性的，并且本申请的实施例的 范围仅由公布的专利的权利要求书所限定.这里使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例，而并非旨在限制本申请。空间相关的术语，例如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“下面”、“下方”、“下部”、“上方”、“上部”等，可在文中使用以便于说明图中所示的一个元件或特征与另一元件或特征的关系。
虽然在一些实例中术语第一、第二等在本文中用来描述各种元件，但是这些元件不应当被这些术语限制。这些术语仅用来将一个元件与另一个元件进行区分。
再者，如同在本文中所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文中有相反的指示.应当进一步理解，术语“包含”、“包括”表明存在所述的特征、步骤、操作、元件、组件、项目、种类、和/或组，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作、元件、组件、项目、种类、和/或组的存在、出现或添加.此处使用的术语“或”和“和/或”被解释为包括性的，或意味着任一个或任何组合.因此，“A、B或C”或者“A、B和/或C”意味着“以下任一个：A；B；C；A和B；A和C；B和C；A、B和C”.仅当元件、功能、步骤或操作的组合在某些方式下内在地互相排斥时，才会出现该定义的例外。
如本文所使用的，术语“如果”取决于上下文可以被解释为意味着“当…时”或者“一旦…则”或者“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，短语“如果确定”或者“如果检测到[陈述的条件或事件]”取决于上下文可选地被解释为意味着“一旦确定，则”或者“响应于确定”或者“一旦检测到[陈述的条件或事件]”或者“响应于检测到[陈述的条件或事件]”。
参阅图1，为现有技术中用于智能终端的充电电路的电路图，该充电电路中仅设有一个保护元件，即第一保护元件106，也就是浪涌防护器件。该浪涌防护器件在所述充电控制芯片102(图1中U602)的Vbus引脚前端布设，也就是所述电源输入引脚1021的前端布设。由于充电电压为直流5V，因此常规情况下浪涌防护器件的工作电压为7V，然而7V的工作电压的浪涌防护器件容易出现直流高压烧毁现象，另一种方案是采用12V的浪涌防护器件，此设计缺陷为智能终端在充电状态下进行浪涌测试时，由于充电控制芯片102设计耐压较低，在低浪涌电压(50V浪涌)时就会导致充电控制芯片102损坏。
参阅图2和图3，为符合本发明一优选实施例中用于智能终端的充电电路的结构示意图及电路图，所述充电电路设于所述智能终端200内，包括充电控制模块101及电池103，所述充电控制模块101的输入端与外部电源104连接，所述充电控制模块101的输出端与所述电池103连接，向所述电池103提供充电电流，所述充电控制模块101包括：
-充电控制芯片102
所述充电控制芯片102至少包括电源输入引脚1021、电源输出引脚1022及用电负载引脚1023，其中所述电源输入引脚1021为所述充电控制模块101的输入端，所述电源输出引脚1022为所述充电控制模块101的输出端，所述用电负载引脚1023向所述智能终端200内的用电负载105供电。所述充电控制芯片102的型号优选为BQ24195或者该系列中的其他型号。随着智能终端200技术的发展，其充电管理也越来越智能化、集成化，往往采用高性能的充电控制芯片102对充电过程进行管理，保障充电安全，延长电池103寿命。
电池103是所述智能终端200内的主要储能部件，根据其存储介质不同可分为锂电池、铅酸电池等。主流的应用于智能终端200的电池103为锂电池，所述电池103的充电电压为4.2V，工作电压为3.7V，相对于铅酸电池，锂电池的能量密度更高，重量轻，适合作为手持设备的储能部件。
-第一保护元件106
所述第一保护元件106的第一端与所述电源输入引脚1021连接，所述第一保护元件106的第二端与地连接。所述第一保护元件106可以是浪涌吸收器、二极管、压敏电阻等能够吸收浪涌的电子器件。所述第一保护元件106设于所述充电控制芯片102的电源输入引脚1021处，在源头提供浪涌保护。
-第二保护元件107
所述第二保护元件107的第一端与所述用电负载引脚1023连接，所述第二保护元件107的第二端与地连接。所述第二保护元件107可以是浪涌吸收器、二极管、压敏电阻等能够吸收浪涌的电子器件。所述第二保护元件107设于所述充电控制芯片102的用电负载引脚1023处，为用电负载提供浪涌保护。
所述第一保护元件106和第二保护元件107的工作特点是当外部电压小于其额定电压时，保持高阻状态，电流流入后续的电子部件；当外部电压大于其额定电压时，形成近似击穿状态，电流过所述第一保护元件106或第二保护元件107，不会对后续的电子部件造成冲击。也就是说所述第一保护元件106和第二保护元件107具有稳压作用。当所述外部电源104产生浪涌时，所述第一保护元件106将所述外部电源104电压保持在第一电压，所述第二保护元件107将所述用电负载105电压保持在第二电压。
所述第一电压即所述第一保护元件106的额定电压，所述第二电压即所述第二保护元件107的额定电压。需要注意的是，所述第一保护元件106和第二保护元件107的额 定电压会有所不同，外部电源104提供的电能经过所述充电控制芯片102后会有压降，因此所述第二保护元件107的额定电压比所述第一保护元件106的额定电压低，这样可以形成梯级保护，若所述第二保护元件107的额定电压比所述第一保护元件106的额定电压高，就没有意义了，因为所述第一保护元件106会先达到额定电压而击穿，所述第二保护元件107不会达到额定电压，不会起到保护作用。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述第一电压的范围为10V至15V之间；所述第二电压的范围为6V至8V之间。本改进实施例对所述第一保护元件106和第二保护元件107的工作电压作了优选。所述第一保护元件106的额定电压为10V至15V之间，优选为12V；所述第二保护元件107的额定电压为6V至8V之间，优选为7V。上述电压选择考虑了所述充电控制芯片102的输入电压以及所述智能终端200内各部件的工作电压。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述第一保护元件106及第二保护元件107为稳压二极管，所述稳压二极管的阴极为第一端，所述二极管的阳极为第二端。稳压二极管，英文名称Zener diode，又叫齐纳二极管，利用pn结反向击穿状态，其电流可在很大范围内变化而电压基本不变的现象，制成的起稳压作用的二极管。此二极管是一种直到临界反向击穿电压前都具有很高电阻的半导体器件。在这临界击穿点上，反向电阻降低到一个很小的数值，在这个低阻区中电流增加而电压则保持恒定，稳压二极管是根据击穿电压来分档的，因为这种特性，稳压管主要被作为稳压器或电压基准元件使用。稳压二极管可以串联起来以便在较高的电压上使用，通过串联就可获得更高的稳定电压。稳压二极管根据工作电压的不同可以分为多种型号，因此可根据实际需要选取相应的额定电压的稳压二极管作为所述第一保护元件106和第二保护元件107。所述稳压二极管在使用时应当将阴极与高电压点连接，阳极与地连接，也就是反相连接的方式。稳压二极管的伏安特性曲线的正向特性和普通二极管差不多，反向特性是在反向电压低于反向击穿电压时，反向电阻很大，反向漏电流极小。但是，当反向电压临近反向电压的临界值时，反向电流骤然增大，称为击穿，在这一临界击穿点上，反向电阻骤然降至很小值。尽管电流在很大的范围内变化，而二极管两端的电压却基本上稳定在击穿电压附近，从而实现了二极管的稳压功能。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述第一保护元件106为瞬态抑制二极管，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阴极为第一端，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阳极为第二端。所述第一保护元件106在整体的防护浪涌措施中承担了最重要的任务，是第一道防线，当浪涌发生时，所述第一保护元件106留过的电流会非常大，因此须选用适合大电流工作情景的元器件， 本优选实施例选用瞬态抑制二极管作为第一保护元件106。瞬态抑制二极管(Transient Voltage Suppressor)简称TVS，是一种二极管形式的高效能保护器件。当TVS的两极受到反向瞬态高能量冲击时，它能以10的负12次方秒量级的速度，将其两极间的高阻抗变为低阻抗，吸收高达数千瓦的浪涌功率，使两极间的电压箝位于一个预定值，有效地保护电子线路中的精密元器件，免受各种浪涌脉冲的损坏。瞬态抑制二极管同样采用反相连接方式，其阴极与高电压点连接，阳极接地。TVS器件可以按极性分为单极性和双极性两种，按用途可分为各种电路都适用的通用型器件和特殊电路适用的专用型器件。如：各种交流电压保护器、4～200mA电流环保器、数据线保护器、同轴电缆保护器、电话机保护器等。若按封装及内部结构可分为：轴向引线二极管、双列直插TVS阵列(适用多线保护)、贴片式、组件式和大功率模块式等。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述第一保护元件106及第二保护元件107为压敏电阻。压敏电阻是一种限压型保护器件，利用压敏电阻的非线性特性，当过电压出现在压敏电阻的两极间，压敏电阻可以将电压钳位到一个相对固定的电压值，从而实现对后级电路的保护。压敏电阻的主要参数有：压敏电压、通流容量、结电容、响应时间等。压敏电阻的响应时间为ns级，比气体放电管快，比TVS管稍慢一些，一般情况下用于电子电路的过电压保护其响应速度可以满足要求。压敏电阻的结电容一般在几百到几千Pf的数量级范围，很多情况下不宜直接应用在高频信号线路的保护中，应用在交流电路的保护中时，因为其结电容较大会增加漏电流，在设计防护电路时需要充分考虑。压敏电阻的通流容量较大，但比气体放电管小。压敏电阻器简称VDR，是一种对电压敏感的非线性过电压保护半导体元件。所述压敏电阻的成本比瞬态抑制二极管低，可作为另一种备选选择。压敏电阻器与被保护的电器设备或元器件并联使用，当电路中出现雷电过电压或瞬态操作过电压Vs时，压敏电阻器和被保护的设备及元器件同时承受Vs，由于压敏电阻器响应速度很快，它以纳秒级时间迅速呈现优良非线性导电特性，此时压敏电阻器两端电压迅速下降，远远小于Vs，这样被保护的设备及元器件上实际承受的电压就远低于过电压Vs，从而使设备及元器件免遭过电压的冲击。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述充电控制芯片102还包括温度检测引脚，见图3中TS1和TS2引脚。所述温度检测引脚与一温度检测电路连接，检测所述智能终端200内的温度。充电电路和电池103都是很容易发热的工作部件，特别是在充电时，很容易发热，损坏部件或减少部件的使用寿命，严重时可引发火灾。因此须对所述智能终端200内部进行温度检测，特别是对容易发热的部件进行温度检测，可在上述部件部件设置 热敏电阻，而后对所述热敏电阻通电以产生电压，所述温度检测引脚检测所述热敏电阻的电压，当温度发生变化时，所述热敏电阻的电阻值发生变化，同步引起电压变化，可被检测。所述热敏电阻受温度的影响其电阻值会发生变化，通过检测所述热敏电阻的电阻值即可获知温度的变化。所述热敏电阻按照温度系数不同分为正温度系数热敏电阻(PTC)和负温度系数热敏电阻(NTC)。热敏电阻的典型特点是对温度敏感，不同的温度下表现出不同的电阻值。正温度系数热敏电阻(PTC)在温度越高时电阻值越大，负温度系数热敏电阻(NTC)在温度越高时电阻值越低，它们同属于半导体器件。所述智能终端内的处理器对所述热敏电阻进行电阻值采样后，通过预存的电阻值与温度的换算关系计算得出温度值。
作为所述充电电路的进一步改进，所述充电控制芯片102还包括串行通讯引脚，见图3中SDA、SCL及OTG引脚。所述充电控制芯片102通过上述引脚与其他设备进行串行通讯。OTG是On-The-Go的缩写，是近年发展起来的技术，2001年12月18日由USB Implementers Forum公布，主要应用于各种不同的设备或移动设备间的联接，进行数据交换。OTG技术就是在没有Host的情况下，实现设备间的数据传送，例如数码相机直接连接到打印机上，通过OTG技术，连接两台设备间的USB口，将拍出的相片立即打印出来；也可以将数码照相机中的数据，通过OTG发送到USB接口的移动硬盘上，野外操作就没有必要携带价格昂贵的存储卡，或者背一个便携电脑。通过OTG技术，可以给智能终端扩展USB接口配件以丰富智能终端的功能，比如扩展遥控器配件，把手机、平板变成万能遥控器使用，特别是Pad、移动电话、消费类设备。改变如数码照相机、摄像机、打印机等设备间多种不同制式连接器，多达7种制式的存储卡间数据交换的不便。
参阅图4，为符合本发明一优选实施例中充电控制芯片102的结构框图，所述充电控制芯片102内包括：
-开关管1024
所述开关管1024即图中的Q1，其输入端与所述电源输入引脚1021连接，所述开关管1024的输出端与所述用电负载引脚1023连接，所述开关管1024的控制端与所述电源输入引脚1021连接。所述开关管1024允许电流从所述电源输入引脚1021单向流至所述用电负载引脚1024，即防止电流反向流动，不向外部输出电压。由于所述开关管1024的控制端与所述电源输入引脚1021连接，所述控制端的电压与外部电源104的电压保持一致，当所述用电负载引脚1023的电压比所述外部电源104的电压低时，所述开关管1024导通，可以正常充电；当所述用电负载引脚1023的电压比所述外部电源104的电压高时， 所述开关管1024截止，所述电源输入引脚1021与所述用电负载引脚1024之间没有电流。
所述开关管1024优选为场效应管。场效应晶体管(Field Effect Transistor缩写(FET))简称场效应管，由多数载流子参与导电，也称为单极型晶体管。它属于电压控制型半导体器件，具有输入电阻高(107～1015Ω)、噪声小、功耗低、动态范围大、易于集成、没有二次击穿现象、安全工作区域宽等优点，现已成为双极型晶体管和功率晶体管的强大竞争者。
从图4中可以看出电流流至所述用电负载引脚1023后继续流向Q2、Q3等元器件，所述第二保护元件107可有效保护所述充电控制芯片102内其他部件免受高电压冲击，使得所述充电控制芯片102的耐浪涌能力加强。
参阅图5，为符合本发明一优选实施例中智能终端200的结构示意图，所述智能终端包括上述充电电路。所述智能终端200还包括：
-主控单元201
所述主控单元201设于所述智能终端主板上，与所述充电控制芯片102连接，通过所述充电控制芯片102与外部设备进行串行通讯。所述主控单元201即所述智能终端200的CPU，承担了所述智能终端200运行时的大部分工作任务，可存储数据，运行计算，逻辑判断，具备输入输出接口。所述主控单元201具备串行接口，当所述智能终端200通过USB接口与外部设备连接时，所述主控单元201可与所述充电控制芯片102连接，并通过所述充电控制芯片102与外部设备进行通信。
应当注意的是，本发明的实施例有较佳的实施性，且并非对本发明作任何形式的限制，任何熟悉该领域的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容变更或修饰为等同的有效实施例，但凡未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改或等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于智能终端的充电电路，设于所述智能终端内，包括充电控制模块及电池，所述充电控制模块的输入端与外部电源连接，所述充电控制模块的输出端与所述电池连接，向所述电池提供充电电流，其特征在于，所述充电控制模块包括：
    充电控制芯片，至少包括电源输入引脚、电源输出引脚及用电负载引脚，其中所述电源输入引脚为所述充电控制模块的输入端，所述电源输出引脚为所述充电控制模块的输出端，所述用电负载引脚向所述智能终端内的用电负载供电；
    第一保护元件，所述第一保护元件的第一端与所述电源输入引脚连接，所述第一保护元件的第二端与地连接；
    第二保护元件，所述第二保护元件的第一端与所述用电负载引脚连接，所述第二保护元件的第二端与地连接；
    当所述外部电源产生浪涌时，所述第一保护元件将所述外部电源电压保持在第一电压，所述第二保护元件将所述用电负载电压保持在第二电压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述第一电压的范围为10V至15V之间；
    所述第二电压的范围为6V至8V之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述第一保护元件及第二保护元件为稳压二极管，所述稳压二极管的阴极为第一端，所述二极管的阳极为第二端。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述第一保护元件为瞬态抑制二极管，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阴极为第一端，所述瞬态抑制二极管的阳极为第二端。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述第一保护元件及第二保护元件为压敏电阻。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述充电控制芯片内包括一开关管，所述开关管的输入端与所述电源输入引脚连接，所述开关管的输出端与所述用电负载引脚连接；
    所述开关管允许电流从所述电源输入引脚单向流至所述用电负载引脚。
  7. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述充电控制芯片还包括温度检测引脚，所述温度检测引脚与一温度检测电路连接，检测所述智能终端内的温度。
  8. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电电路，其特征在于，
    所述充电控制芯片还包括串行通讯引脚，与其他设备进行串行通讯。
  9. 一种智能终端，其特征在于，
    所述智能终端包括如权利要求1所述的充电电路。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的智能终端，其特征在于，
    所述智能终端还包括：
    主控单元，设于所述智能终端主板上，与所述充电控制芯片连接，通过所述充电控制芯片与外部设备进行串行通讯。
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