WO2019071241A2 - COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR HEAT TRANSFER - Google Patents

COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR HEAT TRANSFER Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019071241A2
WO2019071241A2 PCT/US2018/054775 US2018054775W WO2019071241A2 WO 2019071241 A2 WO2019071241 A2 WO 2019071241A2 US 2018054775 W US2018054775 W US 2018054775W WO 2019071241 A2 WO2019071241 A2 WO 2019071241A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat transfer
weight
air conditioning
transfer composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/054775
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2019071241A3 (en
Inventor
Ankit Sethi
Samuel F. Yana Motta
Ryan Hulse
Robert Gerard Richard
Gregory Laurence SMITH
Yang Zou
Henna TANGRI
Eilzabet Del Carmen VERA BECERRA
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc. filed Critical Honeywell International Inc.
Priority to EP18864285.4A priority Critical patent/EP3692110A4/en
Priority to CA3078552A priority patent/CA3078552A1/en
Priority to MX2020003479A priority patent/MX2020003479A/es
Priority to CN202210406923.1A priority patent/CN114644904B/zh
Priority to CN201880071675.1A priority patent/CN111315843B/zh
Priority to KR1020207009907A priority patent/KR20200067841A/ko
Priority to JP2020519693A priority patent/JP7274471B2/ja
Publication of WO2019071241A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019071241A2/en
Publication of WO2019071241A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019071241A3/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions, methods and systems having utility in heat exchange applications, including in air conditioning and refrigeration applications.
  • the invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which the refrigerant R-410A would have been used.
  • the compositions of the invention are useful in particular as a replacement of the refrigerant R-41 OA for heating and cooling applications and to retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-41 OA.
  • Chlorofluorocarbons were developed in the 1930s as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, the effect of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer has become the focus of much attention. In 1987, a number of governments signed the Montreal Protocol to protect the global environment, setting forth a timetable for phasing out the CFC products. CFCs were replaced with more environmentally acceptable materials that contain hydrogen, namely the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).
  • HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
  • HCFC-22 chlorodifluoromethane
  • HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
  • R-41 OA a 50:50 w/w blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • R-41 OA is not a drop-in replacement for R-22.
  • the replacement of R-22 with R-41 OA required the redesign of major components within heat exchange systems, including the replacement and redesign of the compressor to accommodate the substantially higher operating pressure and volumetric capacity of R-41 OA, when compared with R-22.
  • R-41 OA has a more acceptable Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) than R-22, the continued use of R-41 OA is problematic since it has a high Global Warming Potential of 2088. There is therefore a need in the art for the replacement of R-41 OA with a more environmentally acceptable alternative.
  • ODP Ozone Depleting Potential
  • a replacement heat transfer fluid it is highly desirable for a replacement heat transfer fluid to possess a difficult to achieve mosaic of properties including excellent heat transfer properties (and in particular heat transfer properties that are well matched to the needs of the particular application), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility and/or lubricant compatibility amongst others.
  • any replacement for R- 41 OA would ideally be a good match for the operating conditions of R-41 OA in order to avoid modification or redesign of the system.
  • the development of a heat transfer fluid meeting all of these requirements, many of which are unpredictable, is a significant challenge.
  • thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency may result in an increase in fossil fuel usage as a result of the increased demand for electrical energy.
  • the use of such a refrigerant will therefore have a negative secondary environmental impact.
  • non-flammable refers to compounds or
  • compositions which are determined to be non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681 -2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) at conditions described in ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants and described in Appendix B1 to ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is incorporated herein by reference and referred to herein for convenience as "Non-Flammability Test”.
  • lubricant circulating in a vapour compression heat transfer system is returned to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function. Otherwise, lubricant might accumulate and become lodged in the coils and piping of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Furthermore, when lubricant accumulates on the inner surfaces of the evaporator, it lowers the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, and thereby reduces the efficiency of the system.
  • R-41 OA is currently commonly used with polyol ester (POE) lubricating oil in air conditioning applications, as R-41 OA is miscible with POE at temperatures experienced during use of such systems.
  • POE polyol ester
  • R-41 OA is immiscible with POE at temperatures typically experienced during operation of low temperature refrigeration systems, and heat pump systems. Therefore, unless steps are taken to mitigate against this immiscibility, POE and R-41 OA cannot be used in low temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems.
  • compositions which are capable of being used as a replacement for R-41 OA in air conditioning applications, and in particular in residential air conditioning and commercial air conditioning applications, which include, rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning and chiller air conditioning applications.
  • VRF variable refrigerant flow
  • Applicants have also come to appreciate that the compositions, methods and systems of the invention have advantage in, for example, heat pump and low temperature refrigeration systems, wherein the drawback of immiscibility with POE at temperatures experienced during operation of these systems is eliminated.
  • the present invention provides refrigerant compositions which can be used as a replacements for R-41 OA and which exhibit in preferred embodiments the desired mosaic of properties of excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non- flammability, lubricant miscibility and lubricant compatibility in combination with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and near zero ODP.
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • the present invention includes refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), about 1 1 .5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • CF3I trifluoroiodomethane
  • relative percentage means the percentage of the identified compound based on the total weight of the listed compounds.
  • the term "about” with respect to an amount of an identified component means the amount of the identified component can vary by an amount of +/- 2% by weight.
  • the refrigerants and heat transfer compositions of the invention include amounts of an identified compound specified as being “about” wherein the amount is the identified amount +/- 1 % by weight, and even more preferably +/- 0.5% by weight.
  • the present invention includes refrigerant comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerant comprising at least about 99.5% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), about 1 1 .5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from 39 to 39.4% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise less than about 39.0 relative percent by weight of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 8.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), about 1 1 .5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from 39 to 39.4% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise less than about 39.0 relative percent by weight of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 9.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant does not comprise 39.5% relative percent by weight of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 10.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant 11 wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 39.5% relative percent by weight of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 11 .
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .1 % to 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 12.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .1 % to 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 13.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant 14 wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% relative percent by weight of HFC-125 based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 14.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant 15 wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% relative percent by weight of HFC-125 based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 15.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% relative percent by weight of HFC-125 and does not comprise 39.5% of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • refrigerant 16 is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 16.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% relative percent by weight of HFC-125 and does not comprise 39.5% of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 17.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 49% +/- 0.3 % by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerants comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerants comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • the present invention includes refrigerants comprising at least about 99.5% by weight of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • refrigerant 22 wherein the refrigerant satisfies the the Non-Flammability Test.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 22.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant 23 wherein the refrigerant satisfies the the Non-Flammability Test.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 23.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • refrigerant 24 wherein the refrigerant satisfies the the Non-Flammability Test.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 24.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of: 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 1 .5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the present invention relates to a refrigerant consisting of: 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
  • the term "about” in relation to temperatures in degrees centigrade (°C) means that the stated temperature can vary by an amount of +/- 5°C.
  • temperature specified as being about is preferably +/- 2°C, more preferably +/- 1 °C, and even more preferably +/- 0.5°C of the identified temperature.
  • the term "capacity” is the amount of cooling provided, in BTUs/hr, by the refrigerant in the refrigeration system. This is experimentally determined by multiplying the change in enthalpy in BTU/lb, of the refrigerant as it passes through the evaporator by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. The enthalpy can be determined from the measurement of the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the capacity of the refrigeration system relates to the ability to maintain an area to be cooled at a specific temperature.
  • the capacity of a refrigerant represents the amount of cooling or heating that it provides and provides some measure of the capability of a compressor to pump quantities of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a specific compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will deliver more cooling or heating power.
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (see for example, R.C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • discharge temperature refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor.
  • discharge temperature refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor.
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • mass flow rate is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit of time.
  • Occupational Exposure Limit OEL
  • replacement for with respect to a particular heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention as a "replacement for” a particular prior refrigerant means the use of the indicated composition of the present invention in a heat transfer system that heretofore had been commonly used with that prior refrigerant.
  • a refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention is used in a heat transfer system that has heretofore been designed for and/or commonly used with R410A, such as residential air conditioning and commercial air conditioning (including roof top systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems and chiller systems) then the present refrigerant is a replacement for R410A is such systems.
  • R410A such as residential air conditioning and commercial air conditioning (including roof top systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems and chiller systems
  • thermodynamic glide applies to zeotropic refrigerant mixtures that have varying temperatures during phase change processes in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.
  • Refrigerants and Heat Transfer Compositions Applicants have found that the refrigerants of the present invention, including each of Reftrigerants 1 - 39 as described herein, are capable of providing exceptionally
  • a particular advantage of the refrigerants of the present invention is that they are non-flammable when tested in accordance with the Non-Flammability Test, and as mentioned above there has been a desire in the art to provide refrigerant which can be used as a replacement for R-41 OA in various systems, and which has excellent heat transfer properties, low environmental impact (including particularly low GWP and near zero ODP) chemical stability, low or no toxicity, and/or lubricant compatibility and which maintains non- flammability in use.
  • This desirable advantage can be achieved by refrigerants of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% by weight of HFC-125 and does not comprise 12% relative percent by weight or greater of HFC-125 based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 27.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: from 47% to 49.5% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 % to 13.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from 39% to 41 .5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I).
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • CF 3 I trifluoroiodomethane
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • Refrigerant 30 from 47% to 49.5% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 % to 13.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from 39% to 41 .5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I).
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • CF 3 I trifluoroiodomethane
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: from 47% to 49.5% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 % to 13.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from 39% to 41 .5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% by weight of HFC-125 and does not comprise 12% relative percent by weight or greater of HFC-125 based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 31 .
  • the present invention includes refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • CF 3 I trifluoroiodomethane
  • the refrigerant does not comprise 1 1 .5% by weight of HFC-125 and does not comprise 12% relative percent by weight or greater of HFC-125 based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 32.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 39.0% by weight of CF3I and does not comprise 39.5% relative percent by weight or greater of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 34.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 39.0% by weight of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 35.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages: about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from 1 1 .6% to 1 1 .9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), and wherein the refrigerant does not comprise 39.5% relative percent by weight or greater of CF3I based on the total weight of said three compounds.
  • the refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Refrigerant 38.
  • the present invention includes refrigerants consisting of the following three compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
  • HFC-32 difluoromethane
  • HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
  • the heat transfer compositions comprise any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, in an amount of greater than 40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer compositions comprise any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, in an amount of greater than about 50% by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer compositions comprise any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, in an amount of greater than 70% by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer compositions comprise any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, in an amount of greater than 80% by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer compositions comprise any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, in an amount of greater than 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer compositions consist essentially of any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39.
  • the heat transfer compositions of the present invention consist of any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39.
  • the heat transfer compositions of the invention may include other components for the purpose of enhancing or providing certain functionality to the compositions.
  • Such other components or additives may include one or more of lubricants, dyes, solubilizing agents, compatibilizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives and anti-wear additives.
  • the heat transfer compositions of the invention include a refrigerant as discussed herein, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, above and a stabilizer.
  • the stabilizer component(s) preferably are provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of greater than 0 to about 15% by weight of the heat transfer composition, or from about 0.5 to about 10, with the percentages being based on the total weight of all stabilizers in the heat transfer composition divided by the total of all components in the heat transfer composition.
  • the stabilizer for use in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention includes at least one of: (i) alkylated naphthalene compound(s); (ii) phenol-based
  • Stabilizer 1 The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 1 .
  • the stabilizer for use in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention includes a combination of: (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least one phenol-based compound.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 2.
  • the stabilizer for use in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention includes a combination of: (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least diene-based compound.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 3.
  • the stabilizer for use in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention includes a combination of: (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) isobutylene compound.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 4.
  • the stabilizer for use in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention includes a combination of: (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least one phenol-based compound; and (iii) at least one diene-based compound.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 5.
  • the stabilizer may include also phosphorus compound(s) and/or nitrogen
  • epoxice is preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, alkyenyl epoxides.
  • the stabilizer may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more phenol-based compounds.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 6.
  • the stabilizer may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more diene-based compounds.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 7.
  • the stabilizer may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes, one or more diene-based compounds and one or more phenol-based compounds.
  • the stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 8.
  • alkylated napthalenes are highly effective as stabilizers for the heat transfer compositions of the present invention.
  • alkylated naphthalene refers to compounds having the following structure:
  • each Ri - R 8 is independently selected from linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group and hydrogen.
  • the particular length of the alkyl chains and the mixtures or branched and straight chains and hydrogens can vary within the scope of the present invention, and it will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art that such variation is reflecteded the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalene, including in particular the viscosity of the alkylated compound, and producers of such materials frequently define the materials by reference to one or more of such properties as an alternative the specification of the particular R groups.
  • alkylated naphthalene as a stabilizer according to the present invention having the following properties, and alkylated naphthalene compounds having the indicated properties are referred to for convenience herein as Alkylated Napthalene 1 - Alylated Napthalene 4 as indicated respectively in rows 1 - 5 in the Table AN1 below:
  • alkylated Napthalene 6 - Alkylated Napthalene 10 as indicated respectively in rows 6 - 10 in the Table AN2 below:
  • Flash Point 200 - 300 200 - 270 220 - 250 230 - 240 about 236
  • alkylated napthalyenes within the meaning of Alkylated Naphthalene 1 and Alkylated Naphthalene 6 include those sold by King Industries under the trade designations NA-LUBE KR-007A;KR- 008, KR-009;KR-015; KR-019; KR-005FG; KR- 015FG; and KR-029FG.
  • alkylated napthalyenes within the meaning of Alkylated Naphthalene 2 and Alkylated Naphthalene 7 include those sold by King Industries under the trade designations NA-LUBE KR-007A;KR- 008, KR-009; and KR-005FG.
  • alkylated napthylene that is within the meaning of Alkylated Naphthalene 5 and Alkylated Naphthalene 10 includes the product sold by King Industries under the trade designation NA-LUBE KR-008.
  • the alkylated naphthalene is preferably in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention that include a refrigernant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.01 % to about 10%, or from about 1 .5% to about 4.5%, or from about 2.5% to about 3.5%, where amounts are in percent by weight based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus refrigerant in the system.
  • the alkylated naphthalene is preferably in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention that include a lubricant and a refrigernant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.1 % to about 20%, or from about 5% to about a15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, where amounts are in percent by weight based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus lubricant in the system.
  • the alkylated naphthalene is preferably in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention that include a POE lubricant and a refrigernant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.1 % to about 20%, or from about 5% to about a15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, where amounts are in percent by weight based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus lubricant in the system.
  • the alkylated naphthalene is preferably in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention that include a POE lubricant having a viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445C of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt and a refrigernant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.1 % to about 20%, or from about 5% to about a15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, where amounts are in percent by weight based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus lubricant in the system.
  • the diene-based compounds include C3 to C15 dienes and to compounds formed by reaction of any two or more C3 to C4 dienes.
  • the diene based compounds are selected from the group consisting of allyl ethers, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpenes.
  • the diene-based compounds are preferably terpenes, which include but are not limited to terebene, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenchene, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1 .
  • the stabilizer is farnesene.
  • Preferred terpene stabilizers are disclosed in US Provisional Patent Application No. 60/638,003 filed on December 12, 2004, published as US 2006/0167044A1 , which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the diene based compounds can be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0 and preferably from 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. In each case, percentage by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the phenol-based compound can be one or more compounds selected from 4,4'- methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2- or 4,4- biphenyldiols, including 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4- biphenyldiols; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertbutylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6- tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6- di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6- dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl
  • the phenol compounds can be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of greater than 0 and preferably from 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. In each case, percentage by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the phosphorus compound can be a phosphite or a phosphate compound.
  • the phosphite compound can be a diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl and/or trialkyi phosphite, and/or a mixed aryl/alkyl di- or tri-substituted phosphite, in particular one or more compounds selected from hindered phosphites, tris-(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, di-n-octyl phophite, iso-octyl diphenyl phosphite, iso-decyl diphenyl phosphite, tri-iso-decyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite and diphenyl phosphite, particularly diphenyl phosphite.
  • the phosphate compounds can be a triaryl phosphate, trialkyi phosphate, alkyl mono acid phosphate, aryl diacid phosphate, amine phosphate, preferably triaryl phosphate and/or a trialkyi phosphate, particularly tri-n-butyl phosphate.
  • the phosphorus compounds can be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of greater than 0 and preferably from 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. In each case, by weight refers to weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the stabilizer when the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer may comprise an amine based compound such as one or more secondary or tertiary amines selected from diphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropylamine and triisobutylamine.
  • the amine based compound can be an amine antioxidant such as a substituted piperidine compound, i.e.
  • amine antioxidants selected from 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidinol; bis-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated paraphenylenediamines such as N-phenyl-N'-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p- phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine and hydroxylamines such as tallow amines, methyl bis tallow amine and bis tallow
  • the amine based compound also can be an alkyldiphenyl amine such as bis (nonylphenyl amine), dialkylamine such as (N-(1 - methylethyl)-2-propylamine, or. one or more of phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA), alkyl- phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis (nonylphenyl) amine.
  • PANA phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine
  • APANA alkyl- phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine
  • bis (nonylphenyl) amine bis (nonylphenyl) amine.
  • the amine based compound is one or more of phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl- alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA) and bis (nonylphenyl) amine, amd more preferably phenyl- alpha-naphthyl amine (PANA).
  • PANA phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine
  • APANA alkyl-phenyl- alpha-naphthyl-amine
  • PANA bis (nonylphenyl) amine
  • one or more compounds selected from dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO may be used as the stabilizer.
  • the nitrogen compounds can be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of greater than 0 and from 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, and more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. In each case, percentage by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkyenyl epoxides.
  • Isobutylene may also be used as a stablilizer according to the present invention.
  • the heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and a alkylated naphthalene selected from Alkylated Napthalenes 1 - 5.
  • the stabilizer composition can comprise farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists essentially of farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists of farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5 and BHT
  • the heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, and a stabilizer composition comprising isobutylene and a alkylated naphthalene selected from Alkylated Napthalenes 1 - 5.
  • the stabilizer composition can comprise isobutylene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists essentially of isobutylene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists of isobutylene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5 and BHT.
  • the heat transfer composition includes a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, and a stabilizer composition comprising Alkylated Naphthalene 4.
  • the heat transfer composition includes a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, and a stabilizer composition comprising Alkylated Naphthalene 5.
  • the stabilizer can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 5.
  • the stabilizer can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of isobutylene and Alkylated Naphthalene 5.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 1 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 2 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 3 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 4 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 5 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 6 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 7 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 8 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 9 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 12 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 13 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 16 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 21 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 22 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 23 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 25 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 26 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 29 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 34 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 35 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 36 and Stabilizer 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 1 and a stabilizer composition comprising BHT, wherein said BHT is present in an amount of from about 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition.
  • BHT in an amount of from 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition is sometimes referred to for convenience as Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 2 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 2 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 3 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 4 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 5 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 6 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 7 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 8 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 9 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 10 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 1 1 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 14 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 19 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 20 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 21 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 23 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 24 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 27 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 32 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 33 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 34 and Stabilizer 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise lubricant, Refrigerant 1 and a stabilizer composition comprising Alkylated Naphthalene 4, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.1 % to about 20%, or about 5% to about 15%, or about 8% to about 12%, with the percentages being based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene plus the lubricant.
  • a stabilizer as described in this paragraph within the indicated amounts in a heat transfer composition is referred to herein as
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise lubricant, Refrigerant 1 and a stabilizer composition comprising Alkylated Naphthalene 5, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of from 0.1 % to about 20%, or about 5% to about 15%, or about 8% to about 12%, with the percentages being based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene plus the lubricant.
  • Stabilizer 9 A stabilizer as described in this paragraph within the indicated amounts in a heat transfer composition is referred to herein as Stabilizer 9.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise lubricant, Refrigerant 1 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Napthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight , the Alkylated Napthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.0001 % by weight to about 10% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.0001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, with the percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizers plus the weight of the lubricant.
  • a stabilizer as described in this paragraph within the indicated amounts in a heat transfer composition is referred to herein as
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 2 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 3 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 4 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 5 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 6 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 7 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 8 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 9 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 10 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 1 1 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 15 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 16 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 19 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 24 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 25 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 26 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 32 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 37 and Stabilizer 10.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the inventive refrigerants, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Napthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight , the Alkylated Napthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 10% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, with the percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizers plus the weight of the refrigerant.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the inventive refrigerants, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Napthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, the Alkylated Napthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from 1 .5% by weight to about 4.5% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, with the percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizers plus the weight of the refrigerant.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the inventive refrigerants, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Napthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, the Alkylated Napthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from 2.5% by weight to 3.5% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight, with the percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizers plus the weight of the refrigerant.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the inventive refrigerants, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 5 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Napthalene 5 is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can most preferably comprise any of the inventive refrigerants and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, Alkylated Napthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.01 % by weight to about 1 % by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Napthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from about 0.01 % by weight to about 1 % by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.01 % by weight to about 1 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition.
  • each of the heat transfer compositions of the invention as described herein, including those heat transfer compositions that include each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, may additionally comprise a lubricant.
  • the heat transfer composition comprises a lubricant, in amounts preferably of from about 0.1 % by weight to about 5%, or from 0.1 % by weight to about 1 % by weight, or from 0.1 % by weight to about 0.5% by weight, based on the weigth of the heat transfer composition.
  • refrigerant lubricants such as polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), silicone oils, mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs) and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO) that are used in refrigeration machinery may be used with the refrigerant compositions of the present invention.
  • POEs polyol esters
  • PAGs polyalkylene glycols
  • silicone oils such as mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs) and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO)
  • ABs alkylbenzenes
  • PVEs polyvinyl ethers
  • PAO poly(alpha-olefin)
  • the lubricants are selected from polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs) and polyvinyl ethers (PVE), more preferably from polyol esters (POEs), mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs) and polyvinyl ethers (PVE), particularly from polyol esters (POEs), mineral oil and alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyethers, most preferably from polyol esters (POEs).
  • polyvinyl ethers include those lubricants sold under the trade designations FVC32D and FVC68D, from Idemitsu.
  • Commercially available mineral oils include Witco LP 250 (registered trademark) from Witco, Suniso 3GS from Witco and Calumet R015 from Calumet.
  • Commercially available alkylbenzene lubricants include Zerol 150 (registered trademark) and Zerol 300 (registered trademark) from Shrieve Chemical.
  • Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H are preferred POE lubricants having the properties identified below:
  • a lubricant consisting essentially of a POE having a viscosity at 40°C measured in accordance with ASTM D445 of from about 30 to about 70 is referred to herein as
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 2 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 3 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 4 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 5 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 6 and Lubricant 1
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 7 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 8 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 9 and Lubricant 1.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 10 and Lubricant 1 .
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 11 and Lubricant 1 .
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 12 and Lubricant 1 .
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 13 and Lubricant 1 .
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 14 and Lubricant 1
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 15 and Lubricant 1 .
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 16 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 17 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 18 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 19 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 20 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 21 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 22and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 23 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 24 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 25 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 26 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 27 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 28 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 29 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 30 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 31 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 32 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 33 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 34 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 35 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 36 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 37 and Lubricant
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 38 and Lubricant
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 39 and Lubricant 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention may consist essentially of or consist of a Refrigerants 1 - 39, a stabilizer composition of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1 - 10, and a lubricant as described herein.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 1 and from about 0.1 % to about 5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, or from aobut 0.1 % to about 0.5%, of a lubricant, wherein said percentage is based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer compostion.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 1 and from about 0.1 % to about 5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, or from aobut 0.1 % to about 0.5%, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant having a viscosity at 40°C measured in accordance with ASTM D445 of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • Polyol ester (POE) lubricant having a viscosity at 40°C measured in accordance with ASTM D445 of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt is referred to for convenience as Lubricant 2.
  • the amount of Lubricant 1 in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention preferably is present in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 5% based on the total weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the amount of Lubricant 1 in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention preferably is present in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 1 % based on the total weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the amount of Lubricant 1 in the heat transfer compostions of the present invention preferably is present in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%, based on the total weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 2 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 3 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 4 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 5 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 6 and Lubricant 2
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 7 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 8 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 9 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 10 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 11 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 12 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 13 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 14 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 15 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 16 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 17 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 18 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 19 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 20 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 21 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 22and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 23 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 24 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 25 and Lubricant 2
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 26 and Lubricant 2.
  • a pre erred heat transfer composition comprises Re rigerant 27 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 28 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 29 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 30 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 31 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 32 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 33 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 34 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 35 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 36 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 37 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 38 and Lubricant 2.
  • a preferred heat transfer composition comprises Refrigerant 39 and Lubricant 2.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 4, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 7, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 8, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 11 , Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 16, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 17, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 18, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1 .
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 20, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 21 , Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 22, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 23, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 24, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 25, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 26, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 27, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 28, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 29, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 30, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 31 , Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 32, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 33, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 34, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 35, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 36, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 37, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 38, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can preferably comprise Refrigerant 39, Stabilizer 1 , and Lubricant 1.
  • Other additives not mentioned herein can also be included by those skilled in the art in view of the teaching contained herein without departing from the novel and basic features of the present invention.
  • Combinations of surfactants and solubilizing agents may also be added to the present compositions to aid oil solubility as disclosed in US patent No. 6,516,837, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • compositions of the invention are capable of achieving a difficult to achieve combination of properties including particularly low GWP.
  • the compositions of the invention have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 1500, preferably not greater than about 1000, more preferably not greater than about 750.
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • the composition of the invention has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 750.
  • compositions of the invention have a low Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
  • ODP Ozone Depletion Potential
  • the compositions of the invention have an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of not greater than 0.05, preferably not greater than 0.02, more preferably about zero.
  • the compositions of the invention show acceptable toxicity and preferably have an Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of greater than about 400.
  • the heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications, with highly preferred air conditioning applications including residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning applications (such as roof top applications, VRF applications and chillers.
  • the present invention also includes methods for providing heat transfer including methods of air conditioning, with highly preferred air conditioning methods including providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (such as methods of providing roof top air conditioning, methods of providing VRF air conditioning and methods of providing air conditioning using chillers.
  • the present invention also includes heat transfer systems, including air conditioning systems, with highly preferred air conditioning systems including residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning systems (such as roof top air conditioning systems, VRF air conditioning systems and air conditioning chiller systems).
  • air conditioning systems with highly preferred air conditioning systems including residential air conditioning, commercial air conditioning systems (such as roof top air conditioning systems, VRF air conditioning systems and air conditioning chiller systems).
  • the invention also provides uses of the heat transfer compositions, methods using the heat transfer compositions and systems containing the heat transfer compostions in connection with refrigeration, heat pumps and chillers (including portable water chillers and central water chillers).
  • the heat transfer composition may comprise or consist essentially of any of the refrigerants described herein, including: (i) each of Refrigerants 1 - 39; (ii) any combination of each of Refrigerants 1 -39 and each of Stabilizers 1 - 10; (iii) any combination of each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and any lubricant, including Lubricants 1 - 3; and (iv) , and any combination of each of
  • the system can comprises a loading of refrigerant and lubricant such that the lubricant loading in the system is from about 5% to 60% by weight, or from about 10% to about 60% by weight, or from about 20% to about 50% by weight, or from about 20% to about 40% by weight, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight, or from about 30% to about 50% by weight, or from about 30% to about 40% by weight.
  • lubricant loading refers to the total weight of lubricant contained in the system as a percentage of total of lubricant and refrigerant contained in the system. Such systems may also include a lubricant loading of from about 5% to about 10% by weight, or about 8 % by weight of the heat transfer composition.
  • the heat transfer systems according to the present invention can comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device, in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the present invention, including any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, a lubricant, including Lubricants 1 - 3, and a sequestration material in the system, wherein said sequestration material preferably comprises: i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing molecular sieve, or vi. a combination of two or more of the above.
  • a heat transfer system or a heat transfer method includes at least one of sequestration materials (i) - (v) as described herein, such a material is referred to herein for convenience as
  • Sequestration Material 1 For the purpose of convenience, when a heat transfer system or a heat transfer method includes a sequestration material comprising at least two materials with each material selected from a different of the (i) - (v) catagories as described herein, such a material is referred to herein for convenience as Sequestration Material 2.
  • a heat transfer system or a heat transfer method includes a sequestration material that includes a material from each of catagories (ii) - (v) as described herein, such a material is referred to herein for convenience as Sequestration Material 3.
  • a heat transfer system or a heat transfer method includes a sequestration material that includes a material from each of catagories (ii) - (v) as described herein, and wherein the material from category (iii) comprises silver, such a material is referred to herein for convenience as Sequestration Material 4.
  • the heat transfer systems according to the present invention can comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device, in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, a lubricant, and a Sequestration Material 1 .
  • the heat transfer systems according to the present invention can comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device, in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, a lubricant, and a Sequestration Material 2.
  • the heat transfer systems according to the present invention can comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device, in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, a lubricant, and a Sequestration Material 3.
  • the heat transfer systems according to the present invention can comprise a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device, in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, a lubricant, and a Sequestration Material 4.
  • the heat transfer systems of the present invention include systems which include an oil separator downstream of the compressor, and systems preferably include one or more sequestration materials of the present invention, including each of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4, wherein said sequestration materials are located inside the oil separator, or in some cases outside but downstream of the oil separator, such that the liquid lubricant contacts the sequestration material(s).
  • the present invention also includes one or more of the sequestration materials, including Sequestration Materials 1 - 4, being located in the refrigerant liquid which exits the condenser.
  • the present invention also includes methods for transferring heat of the type comprising evaporating refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing in a compressor at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor and condensing refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles, said method comprising:
  • the present invention also includes methods for transferring heat of the type comprising evaporating refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing in a compressor at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor and condensing refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles, said method comprising: (a) providing a refrigerant according to the present invention, includeing each of Refrigerants 1 - 39; (b) optionally but preferably providing lubricant for said compressor; and
  • the present invention also includes methods for transferring heat of the type comprising evaporating refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing in a compressor at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor and condensing refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles, said method comprising:
  • the present invention also includes methods for transferring heat of the type comprising evaporating refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing in a compressor at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor and condensing refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles, said method comprising:
  • Sequestration Material 1 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included together in a filter element.
  • filter element refers to any device, system, article or container in which each of the sequestration materials are located in close physical proximity, and preferably at essentially the same location within the system.
  • Sequestration Material 1 is used in the present heat transfer systems and the present heat transfer methods is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included together in a solid core.
  • solid core refers to relatively porous solid which contains and/or has embedded therein two or more of sequestration materials such that such materials are accessible to fluids passing through said any solid core.
  • the one or more sequestration materials are substantially homogeneously distributed throughout the solid core.
  • the solid core of the present invention is included in or comprises a filter element.
  • Sequestration Material 1 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included in a solid core.
  • Sequestration Material 2 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included together in a filter element.
  • Sequestration Material 2 is configured such that all of materials are included in a solid core.
  • Sequestration Material 3 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included together in a filter element. In preferred embodiments, Sequestration Material 3 is configured such that all of materials are included in a solid core. In preferred embodiments, Sequestration Material 4 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are included together in a filter element.
  • Sequestration Material 4 is configured such that all of materials are included in a solid core. Sequestration Materials:
  • the systems of the present invention preferably include a sequestration material, including each of Sequestration
  • Materials 1 - 4 in contact with at least a portion of a refrigerant according to the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39, and/or with at least a portion of the lubricant, including each of Lubricants 1 - 4, wherein the temperature of said sequestration material and/or the temperature of said refrigerant and/or the temperature of the lubricant when in said contact are at a temperature that is preferably at least about 10°C. Any and all of the refrigerants and any and all of the sequestration materials as described herein can be used in the systems of the present invention. a. Copper / copper alloy sequestration material
  • the sequestration material may be copper, or a copper alloy, preferably copper.
  • the copper alloy may comprise, in addition to copper, one or more further metals, such as tin, aluminium, silicon, nickel or a combination thereof.
  • the copper alloy may comprise one or more non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, silicon, oxygen or a combination thereof.
  • the copper alloy may comprise varying amounts of copper.
  • the copper alloy may comprise at least about 5 wt%, at least about 15 wt%, at least about 30 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 70 wt% or at least about 90 wt% of copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.
  • the copper alloy may comprise from about 5 wt% to about 95 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 90 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 85 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, form about 30 wt% to about 70 wt%, or from about 40 wt% to about 60 wt% of copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.
  • copper may be used as a sequestration material.
  • the copper metal may contain impurity levels of other elements or compounds.
  • the copper metal may contain at least about 99 wt%, more preferably at least about 99.5 wt%, more preferably at least about 99.9 wt% of elemental copper.
  • the copper or copper alloy may be in any form which allows the refrigerant to contact the surface of the copper or copper alloy.
  • the form of the copper or copper alloy is selected to maximize the surface area of the copper or copper alloy (i.e. to maximize the area which is in contact with the refrigerant).
  • the metal may be in the form of a mesh, wool, spheres, cones, cylinders etc.
  • sphere refers to a three dimensional shape where the difference between the largest diameter and the smallest diameter is about 10% or less of the largest diameter.
  • the copper or copper alloy may have a BET surface area of at least about 10m 2 /g, at least about 20m 2 /g, at least about 30m 2 /g, at least about 40m 2 /g or at least about 50m 2 /g.
  • the BET-surface area may be measured in accordance with ASTM D6556-10.
  • the BET surface area of the copper or copper alloy may be from about 0.01 to about 1 .5m 2 per kg of refrigerant, preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.5m 2 per kg of refrigerant.
  • the copper or copper alloy may have a surface area of about 0.08m 2 per kg of refrigerant.
  • the sequestration material may comprise a zeolite molecular sieve (.
  • the zeolite molecular sieve comprises copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof, preferably at least silver.
  • the zeolite molecular sieve contains an amount of metal, and preferably in certain embodiments silver, of from about 1 % to about 30% by weight, or preferably from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.
  • the metal i.e. copper, silver and/or lead
  • the metal may be present in a single oxidation state, or in a variety of oxidation states (e.g. a copper zeolite may comprise both Cu(l) and Cu(ll)).
  • the zeolite molecular sieve may comprise metals other than silver, lead, and/or copper.
  • the zeolite may have openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 5 to 40 A.
  • the zeolite may have openings which have a size across their largest dimension of about 35A or less.
  • the zeolite has openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 15 to about 35A.
  • Zeolite such as IONSIV D7310-C has activated sites that applicants have found to ef-fectively remove specific decomposition products in accordance with the present in-vention.
  • the sequestration material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof
  • the molecular sieve e.g. zeolite
  • the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 30wt%, such as from about 2wt% to about 25wt% relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite), refrigerant and lubricant (if present) in heat transfer system being treated
  • the sequestration material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve comprising silver, and in such embodiments the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of at least 5% parts by weight (pbw), preferably from about 5 pbw to about 30 pbw, or from about 5 pbw to about 20 pbw, per 100 parts by weight of lubricant (pphl) based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g.
  • the amount of the silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 % to about 30% by weight, or preferably from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.
  • the sequestration material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve comprising silver
  • the molecular sieve e.g. zeolite
  • the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of at least 10 pphl, preferably from about 10 pphlto about 30 pphi, or from about 10 pphi to about 20 pphi by weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite), and lubricant in the heat transfer system being treated.
  • the preferred embodiments as described in this paragraph have been found to have exceptional ability to remove iodide from heat transfer compositions as described herein.
  • the amount of the silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 % to about 30% by weight, or preferably from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.
  • the sequestration material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver, and in such embodiments the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of at least pphi, preferably from about 15 pphlto about 30 pphi, or from about 15 pphi to about 20 pphi by weightrelative to the total amount of molecular sieve , and lubricant in the heat transfer system being treated.
  • the preferred embodiments as described in this paragraph have been found to have exceptional ability to reduce TAN levels in the heat transfer compositions as described herein.
  • the amount of the silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 % to about 30% by weight, or preferably from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.
  • the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphi, or at least about 18 pphi relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system. Therefore, the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of from about 15 pphi to about 30 pphi, or from about 18 pphi to about 25 pphi relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant present in the system.
  • the zeolite may be present in an amount of about 5 pphi or about 21 pphi relative to the total amount of molecular sieve, and lubricant in the system.
  • the amount of zeolite molecular sieve described herein refers to the dry weight of the molecular sieve.
  • dry weight of the sequestration materials means that the material has 50 ppm or less of moisture.
  • the sequestration material may comprise an anion exchange resin.
  • the anion exchange resin is a strongly basic anion exchange resin.
  • the strongly basic anion exchange resin may be a type 1 resin or a type 2 resin.
  • the anion exchange resin is a type 1 strongly basic anion exchange resin.
  • the anion exchange resin generally comprises a positively charged matrix and exchangeable anions.
  • the exchangeable anions may be chloride anions (CI ) and/or hydroxide anions (OH ).
  • the anion exchange resin may be provided in any form.
  • the anion exchange resin may be provided as beads.
  • the beads may have a size across their largest dimension of from about 0.3mm to about 1 .2mm, when dry.
  • the anion exchange resin may be present in an amount of from about 1 pphl to about 60 pphl, or from about 5 pphl to about 60 pphl, or from about 20 pphl to about 50 pphl, or from about 20 pphl to about 30 pphl, or from about 1 pphl to about 25 pphl, such as from about 2 pphl to about 20 pphl based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.
  • the anionic exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphl, or at least about 15 pphl relative to the total amount of anionic exchange resin and lubricant in the system. Therefore, the anion exchange resin may be present in an amount of from about 10 pphl to about 25 pphl, or from about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.
  • the anion exchange resin may be present in an amount of about 4 pphl or about 16 pphl based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system.
  • Applicants have found an unexpectedly advantageous ability of industrial grade weakly base anion exchange adsorbent resins, including in particular the material sold under the trade designation Amberlyst A21 (Free Base) to act as a sequestration material.
  • the term weak base anion resin refers to resins in the free base form, which are preferably e functionalized with a tertiary amine (uncharged). Tertiary amine contains a free lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen, which results in it being readily protonated in presence of an acid.
  • the ion exchange resin as used according to the present invention is protonated by the acid, then attracts and binds the anionic counter ion for full acid removal, without contributing any additional species back into solution.
  • Amberlyst A21 is a preferred material in that applicants have found it to be
  • the amount of anion exchange resin described herein refers to the dry weight of the anion exchange resin. As used herein, the term "dry weight" of the anion exchange resin
  • sequestration materials means that the material has 50 ppm or less of moisture.
  • pphl of a particular sequestration material means the parts per hundred of the particular sequestration material by weight based on the total weight of that particular sequestration material and lubricant in the system.
  • a preferred sequestration material is a moisture removing material.
  • the moisture removing material comprises, consists essentially of or consists of a moisture-removing molecular sieve.
  • Preferred moisture-removing molecular sieves include those commonly known as sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieves, and such materials are preferably crystalline metal
  • aluminosilicates having a three dimensional interconnecting network of silica and alumina tetrahedra. Applicants have found that such materials are effective in the systems of the present invention to remove moisture and are most preferably classified according to pore size as types 3A, 4A, 5A and 13X.
  • aluminosilicate molecular sieve is preferably from about 15 pphi to about 60pphl by weight, and even more preferably from about 30 pphi to 45 pphi by weight.
  • activated alumina examples include those sodium activated aluminas sold under the trade designation F200 by BASF and by
  • the sequestration material comprises activated alumina
  • the activated alumina may be present in an amount of from about 1 pphi to about 60 pphi, or from about 5 pphi to about 60 pphi by weight. e. Combinations of sequestration materials
  • composition of the invention may comprise a combination of sequestration materials.
  • the sequestration material may comprise at least (i) copper or a copper alloy, and (ii) a molecular sieve (e.g. a zeolite) comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof.
  • a molecular sieve e.g. a zeolite
  • the sequestration material may comprise (i) a molecular sieve (e.g. a zeolite) comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof, and (ii) an anion exchange resin.
  • the sequestration material may comprise (i) copper or a copper alloy, and (ii) an anion exchange resin.
  • the anion exchange resin preferably is present in an amount of from about 1 pphi to about 25 pphi, such as from about 2 pphi to about 20 pphi based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.
  • the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphi, or at least about 15 pphi based on the total amount of anionic exchange resin and lubricant present in the system.
  • the anion exchange resin may be present in an amount of from about 10 pphi to about 25 pphi, or from about 15 pphi to about 20 pphi relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system).
  • anion exchange resin may be present in an amount of about 4 pphi or about 16 pphi relative to the total amount of anionic exchange resin and and lubricant present in the system).
  • the amount of anion exchange resin described herein refers to the dry weight of the anion exchange resin. As used herein, the term "dry weight" of the anion exchange resin
  • sequestration materials means that the material has 50 ppm or less of moisture.
  • the combination of sequestration materials comprises a molecular sieve (e.g. a zeolite) comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof
  • the molecular sieve e.g. zeolite
  • the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of from about 1 pphlto about 30 pphi, such as from about 2 pphlto about 25 pphi based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) and lubricant present in the system.
  • the combination of sequestration materials comprises a molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite)
  • the molecular sieve e.g. zeolite
  • the molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphi, or at least about 18 pphi relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) and lubricant present in the system.
  • the molecular sieve e.g. zeolite
  • the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of from about 15 pphi to about 30 pphi, or from about 18 pphi to about 25 pphi relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. It will be appreciated that the molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) may be present in an amount of about 5 pphlor about 21 pphl based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) and lubricant present in the system.
  • the amount of molecular sieve (e.g. zeolite) described herein refers to the dry weight of the metal zeolite.
  • the copper or copper alloy may have a surface area of from about 0.01 m 2 to about 1 .5m 2 per kg of refrigerant, or from about 0.02m 2 to about 0.5m 2 per kg of refrigerant. It will be appreciated that the copper or copper alloy may have a surface area of about 0.08m 2 per kg of refrigerant.
  • the materials may be provided in any ratio relative to each other.
  • the weight ratio (when dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve is preferably in the range of from about 10:90 to about 90:10, from about 20:80 to about 80:20, from about 25:75 to about 75:25, from about 30:70 to about 70:30, or from about 60:40 to about 40:60.
  • Exemplary weight ratios of anion exchange resin to metal zeolite include about 25:75, about 50:50 and about 75:25
  • residential air conditioning systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C and the condensing temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.
  • residential air conditioning systems and methods used in a heating mode have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about -20°C to about 3°C and the condensing temperature is in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C.
  • commercial air conditioning systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C and the condensing temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.
  • hydronic system systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about -20°C to about 3°C and the
  • condensing temperature is in the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.
  • medium temperature systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about -12°C to about 0°C and the
  • condensing temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.
  • low temperature systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about -40°C to about -12°C and the condensing temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C
  • rooftop air conditioning systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C and the condensing temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.
  • VRF systems and methods have refrigerant evaporating temperatures in the range of from about 0°C to about 10°C and the condensing
  • temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.
  • the present invention includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 , in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 6, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 7, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 8, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 9, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 10, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 1 , in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 12, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 13, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 14, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 15, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 16, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 17, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 18, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 19, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 20, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 21 , in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 22, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 23, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 24, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 25, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 26, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 27, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 28, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 29, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 30, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 31 , in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 32, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 33, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 34, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 35, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 36, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 37, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 38, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 39, in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 , in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 6, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 7, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 8, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 9, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 10, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 1 , in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 12, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 13, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 14, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 15, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 16, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 17, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 18, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 19, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 20, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 21 , in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 22, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 23, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 24, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 25, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 26, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 27, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 28, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 29, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 30, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 31 , in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 32, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 33, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 34, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 35, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 36, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 37, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 38, in a chiller system.
  • the present invention therefore includes the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 39, in a chiller system.
  • compressors for the purposes of this invention include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary vane), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors.
  • the present invention provides each and any of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions as described herein for use in a heat transfer system comprising a reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary vane), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressor.
  • the present invention provides each and any of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions as described herein for use in a heat transfer system comprising a capillary tube, a fixed orifice, a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve.
  • the evaporator and the condenser can each be in the form a heat exchanger, preferably selected from a finned tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell and tube, a plate heat exchanger, and a tube-in-tube heat exchanger.
  • the present invention provides each and any of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions as described herein for use in a heat transfer system wherein the evaporator and condenser together form a finned tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell and tube, a plate heat exchanger, or a tube-in-tube heat exchanger.
  • the systems of the present invention thus preferably include a sequestration material in contact with at least a portion of a refrigerant and/or at least a portion of a the lubricant according to the present invention wherein the temperature of said sequestration material and/or the temperature of said refrigerant and/or the temperature of said lubricant when in said contact are at a temperature that is preferably at least about 10C wherein the sequestration material preferably comprises a combination of: an anion exchange resin,
  • a zeolite molecular sieve comprising silver
  • each type or specific sequestration material is: (i) located physically together with each other type or specific material, if present; (ii) is located physically separate from each other type or specific material, if present, and (iii) combinations in which two or more materials are physically together and at least one sequestration material is physically separate from at least one other sequestration material.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention can be used in heating and cooling applications.
  • the heat transfer composition can be used in a method of cooling comprising condensing a heat transfer composition and subsequently evaporating said composition in the vicinity of an article or body to be cooled.
  • the invention relates to a method of cooling in a heat transfer system
  • the process comprising i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein; and ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of body or article to be cooled; wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of from about -40°C to about +10°C.
  • the heat transfer composition can be used in a method of heating comprising condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of an article or body to be heated and subsequently evaporating said composition.
  • the invention relates to a method of heating in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor, the process comprising i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein, in the vicinity of a body or article to be heated and ii) evaporating the composition; wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of about -30°C to about 5°C.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention is provided for use in air conditioning applications including both transport and stationary air conditioning applications.
  • any of the heat transfer compositions described herein can be used in any one of:
  • an air conditioning application including mobile air conditioning, particularly in trains and buses conditioning,
  • a mobile heat pump particularly an electric vehicle heat pump
  • chiller particularly a positive displacement chiller, more particularly an air cooled or water cooled direct expansion chiller, which is either modular or conventionally singularly packaged,
  • a residential air conditioning system particularly a ducted split or a ductless split air conditioning system
  • VRF variable refrigerant flow
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention is provided for use in a refrigeration system.
  • the term "refrigeration system” refers to any system or apparatus or any part or portion of such a system or apparatus which employs a refrigerant to provide cooling.
  • refrigeration system refers to any system or apparatus or any part or portion of such a system or apparatus which employs a refrigerant to provide cooling.
  • any of the heat transfer compositions described herein can be used in any one of:
  • each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is particularly provided for use in a residential air-conditioning system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C for cooling and/or in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, particularly about 0.5°C for heating).
  • each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 is particularly provided for use in a residential air
  • compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39 is particularly provided for use in an air cooled chiller (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), particularly an air cooled chiller with a positive displacement compressor, more particular an air cooled chiller with a reciprocating scroll compressor.
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39 is particularly provided for use in a residential air to water heat pump hydronic system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, particularly about 0.5°C or with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C).
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is particularly provided for use in a medium temperature refrigeration system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C).
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is particularly provided for use in a low temperature refrigeration system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -40 to about -12°C, particularly about from about -40oC to about - 23°C or preferably about -32°C).
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is provided for use in a residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air-conditioning system is used to supply cool air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C) to buildings for example, in the summer.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is thus provided for use in a split residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air-conditioning system is used to supply cool air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C).
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is thus provided for use in a ducted split residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air-conditioning system is used to supply cool air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C).
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is thus provided for use in a window residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air-conditioning system is used to supply cool air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C).
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is thus provided for use in a portable residential air conditioning system, wherein the residential air-conditioning system is used to supply cool air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C).
  • the evaporator and condenser can be round tube plate fin, a finned tube or microchannel heat exchanger.
  • the compressor can be a reciprocating or rotary (rolling-piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressor.
  • the expansion valve can be a capillary tube, thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant evaporating temperature is preferably in the range of 0 to 10°C.
  • the condensing temperature is preferably in the range of 40 to 70 °C.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention is provided for use in a residential heat pump system, wherein the residential heat pump system is used to supply warm air (said air having a temperature of for example, about 18°C to about 24°C, particularly about 21 °C) to buildings in the winter. It can be the same system as the residential air-conditioning system, while in the heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed and the indoor coil becomes condenser and the outdoor coil becomes evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-split heat pump system.
  • the evaporator and condenser are usually a round tube plate fin, a finned or microchannel heat exchanger.
  • the compressor is usually a reciprocating or rotary (rolling-piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressor.
  • the expansion valve is usually a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant evaporating temperature is preferably in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C.
  • the condensing temperature is preferably in the range of about 35 to about 50 °C.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is provided for use in a commercial air- conditioning system wherein the commercial air conditioning system can be a chiller which is used to supply chilled water (said water having a temperature of for example about 7°C) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals, etc.
  • the chiller system may be running all year long.
  • the chiller system may be air-cooled or water-cooled.
  • the air-cooled chiller usually has a plate, tube-in-tube or shell-and-tube evaporator to supply chilled water, a reciprocating or scroll compressor, a round tube plate fin, a finned tube or microchannel condenser to exchange heat with ambient air, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the water-cooled system usually has a shell-and-tube evaporator to supply chilled water, a reciprocating, scroll, screw or centrifugal compressor, a shell-and-tube condenser to exchange heat with water from cooling tower or lake, sea and other natural recourses, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant evaporating temperature is preferably in the range of about 0 to about 10°C.
  • the condensing temperature is preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention is provided for use in a residential air-to-water heat pump hydronic system, wherein the residential air-to- water heat pump hydronic system is used to supply hot water (said water having a temperature of for example about 50°C or about 55°C) to buildings for floor heating or similar applications in the winter.
  • the hydronic system usually has a round tube plate fin, a finned tube or microchannel evaporator to exchange heat with ambient air, a reciprocating, scroll or rotary compressor, a plate, tube-in-tube or shell-in-tube condenser to heat the water, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant evaporating temperature is preferably in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, or -30 to about 5°C.
  • the condensing temperature is preferably in the range of about 50 to about 90 °C.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is provided for use in a medium temperature refrigeration system, wherein the refrigerant has and evaporating temperature preferably in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, and in such systems the refrigerant has a condensing temperature preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.
  • the present invenition thus provides a medium temperature refrigeration system used to chill food or beverages, such as in a refrigerator or a bottle cooler, wherein the refrigerant has an evaporating temperature preferably in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, and in such systems the refrigerant has a condensing temperature preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.
  • the medium temperature systems of the present invention preferably have an air-to-refrigerant evaporator to provide chilling, for example to the food or beverage contained therein, a reciprocating, scroll or screw or rotary compressor, an air-to- refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with the ambient air, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the heat transfer composition of the invention including heat transfer compositions containing any one of Refrigerants 1 - 39, is provided for use in a low temperature refrigeration system, wherein the refrigerant has an evaporating temperature that is preferably in the range of about -40 to about -12°C and the refrigerant has a condensing temperature that is preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.
  • the present invenition thus provides a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide cooling in a freezer wherein the refrigerant has an evaporating temperature that is preferably in the range of about -40 to about -12°C and the refrigerant has a condensing temperature that is preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.
  • the present invenition thus also provides a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide cooling in an cream machine refrigerant has an evaporating temperature that is preferably in the range of about -40 to about -12°C and the refrigerant has a condensing temperature that is preferably in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.
  • the low temperature systems of the present invention preferably have an air-to- refrigerant evaporator to chill the food or beverage, a reciprocating, scroll or rotary compressor, an air-to-refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with the ambient air, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • POE polyol ester
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2 and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2 and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • POE polyol ester
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4 and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition, in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4, is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4, is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in a chiller.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a Refrigerant 5and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated
  • the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition
  • the Alkylated Naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition
  • the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in a chiller.
  • each heat transfer composition in accordance with the present invention is provided for use in a chiller with an evaporating temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C and a condensing temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C.
  • the chiller is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, and preferably for commercial air conditioning.
  • the chiller is preferably a positive displacement chiller, more particularly an air cooled or water cooled direct expansion chiller, which is either modular or conventionally singularly packaged.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • POE polyol ester
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • POE polyol ester
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4; and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5and from 10 to 60 wt.% of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant l and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4, is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition, in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4andr BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene and Alkylated Naphthalene 4and BHT wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, the Alkylated Naphthalene 4is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001 % by weight to about 5 % by weight based on the weight of heat transfer composition in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerantl Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 6, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 7, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 8, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 9, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 10, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 1 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 12, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 13, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 14, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 15, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 16, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 17, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 18, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 19, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 20, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 21 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 22, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 23, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 24, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 25, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 26, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 27, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 28, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 29, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 30, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 31 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 32, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 33, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 34, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 35, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 36, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 37, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 38, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 39, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 2, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 3, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 4, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 5, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 6, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 7, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 8, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 9, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 10, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 1 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 12, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 13, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 14, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 15, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 16, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 17, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 18, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 19, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 20, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 21 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 22, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 23, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 24, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 25, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 26, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 27, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 28, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 29, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 30, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 31 , Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 32, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 33, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 34, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 35, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 36, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 37, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 38, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 39, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning system, particularly residential air conditioning system, industrial air conditioning system or commercial air conditioning system, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition
  • a refrigerant of the present invention including each of Refrigerant 1 - 39, a stabilizer of the present invention, including each of Stabilizer 1 - 10 and a lubricant, including Lubricants 1 - 4, in commercial refrigeration systems, particularly in a commercial refrigerator systems, commercial freezer systems, ice machine systems or vending machine systems, wherein the system includes a sequestration material of the present invention, including each Sequestration Material 1 - 4.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising Refrigerant 39, Stabilizer 10 and Lubricant 1 in commercial refrigeration systems, particularly in a commercial refrigerator systems, commercial freezer systems, ice machine systems or vending machine systems, wherein the system includes Sequestration Material 3.
  • the stabilizer composition can comprise farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists essentially of farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 4, and BHT.
  • the stabilizer composition consists of farnesene, Alkylated Naphthalene 4 and BHT.
  • the heat transfer composition disclosed herein is provided as a low Global Warming (GWP) replacement for the refrigerant R-41 OA.
  • the heat transfer compositions and the refrigerants of the present invention (including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 and all heat transfer compositions containing Reftrigerants 1 - 39)) therefore can be used as a retrofit refrigerant/heat transfer composition or as a replacement refrigerant/heat transfer composition.
  • the present invention thus includes methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer system designed for and containing R-41 OA refrigerant, without requiring substantial engineering modification of the existing system, particularly without modification of the condenser, the evaporator and/or the expansion valve.
  • the present invention thus also includes methods of using a refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-41 OA, and in particular as a replacement for R-41 OA in residential air conditioning refrigerant, without requiring substantial engineering modification of the existing system, particularly without modification of the condenser, the evaporator and/or the expansion valve.
  • the present invention thus also includes methods of using a refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-41 OA, and in particular as a replacement for R-41 OA in a residential air conditioning system.
  • the present invention thus also includes methods of using a refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-41 OA, and in particular as a replacement for R-41 OA in a chiller system.
  • the step of replacing preferably comprises removing at least a substantial portion of, and preferably substantially all of, the existing refrigerant (which can be but is not limited to R- 41 OA) and introducing a heat transfer composition or a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1 - 39 without any substantial modification of the system to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention.
  • the heat transfer composition or refrigerant can be used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to contain or containing R410A refrigerant, wherein the system is modified for the refrigerant of the invention.
  • the heat transfer composition or refrigerant can be used as a replacement in a heat transfer system which is designed to contain or is suitable for use with R-41 OA refrigerant.
  • the heat transfer composition when used as a low Global Warming replacement for R-41 OA or is used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system or is used in a heat transfer system which is suitable for use with R-41 OA refrigerant, the heat transfer composition may consist essentially of the refrigerant of the invention.
  • the invention encompasses the use of the refrigerant of the invention as a low Global Warming replacement for R-41 OA or is used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system or is used in a heat transfer system which is suitable for use with R-41 OA refrigerant as described herein.
  • the method preferably comprises removing at least a portion of the existing R-41 OA refrigerant from the system.
  • the method comprises removing at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50% or about 75% by weight of the R-41 OA from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer compositions of the invention.
  • compositions of the invention may be employed as a replacement in systems which are used or are suitable for use with R-41 OA refrigerant, such as existing or new heat transfer systems.
  • compositions of the present invention exhibit many of the desirable characteristics of R- 41 OA but have a GWP that is substantially lower than that of R-41 OA while at the same time having operating characteristics i.e. capacity and/or efficiency (COP) that are substantially similar to or substantially match, and preferably are as high as or higher than R-41 OA.
  • COP capacity and/or efficiency
  • composition of the invention therefore preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared with R-41 OA whereinthe efficiency (COP) of the composition is from 95 to 105% of the efficiency of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system.
  • composition of the invention therefore preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared with R-41 OA wherein the capacity is from 95 to 105% of the capacity of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system.
  • composition of the invention therefore preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared with R-41 OA wherein the efficiency (COP) of the composition is from 95 to 105% of the efficiency of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system and wherein the capacity is from 95 to 105% of the capacity of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system.
  • efficiency (COP) of the composition is from 95 to 105% of the efficiency of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system and wherein the capacity is from 95 to 105% of the capacity of R-41 OA in the heat transfer system.
  • the composition of the invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared with R-41 OA wherein: the efficiency (COP) of the composition is from 100 to 105% of the efficiency of R- 41 OA; and/or
  • the capacity is from 98 to 105% of the capacity of R-41 OA. in heat transfer systems, in which the compositions of the invention are to replace the R- 41 OA refrigerant.
  • composition of the invention further exhibits the following characteristics compared with R 410A:
  • the discharge temperature is not greater than 10°C higher than that of R-41 OA;
  • the compressor pressure ratio is from 95 to 105% of the compressor pressure ratio of R-41 OA in heat transfer systems, in which the composition of the invention is used to replace the R- 41 OA refrigerant.
  • R-41 OA is an azeotrope-like composition.
  • the claimed compositions desirably show a low level of glide.
  • the compositions of the claimed invention may provide an evaporator glide of less than 2°C, preferably less than 1 .5 °C.
  • the existing heat transfer compositions used with R-41 OA are preferably air conditioning heat transfer systems including both mobile and stationary air conditioning systems.
  • mobile air conditioning systems means mobile, non-passenger car air conditioning systems, such as air conditioning systems in trucks, buses and trains.
  • each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein can be used to replace R-41 OA in any one of:
  • an air conditioning system including a mobile air conditioning system, particularly air conditioning systems in trucks, buses and trains,
  • a mobile heat pump particularly an electric vehicle heat pump
  • chiller particularly a positive displacement chiller, more particularly an air cooled or water cooled direct expansion chiller, which is either modular or conventionally singularly packaged,
  • a residential air conditioning system particularly a ducted split or a ductless split air conditioning system
  • VRF variable refrigerant flow
  • each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein can be used to replace R10A in in any one of:
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39, is particularly provided to replace R-410A in a residential air-conditioning system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C for cooling and/or in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or 30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C for heating).
  • each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39 is particularly provided to replace R-410A in a residential air conditioning system with a reciprocating, rotary (rolling-piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressor.
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39, is particularly provided to replace R-41 OA in an air cooled chiller (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), particularly an air cooled chiller with a positive displacement compressor, more particular an air cooled chiller with a reciprocating scroll compressor.
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39 is particularly provided to replace R-41 OA in a residential air to water heat pump hydronic system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C).
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39 is particularly provided to replace R-410A in a medium temperature refrigeration system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C).
  • Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39, is particularly provided to replace R-410A in a low temperature refrigeration system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -40 to about -12°C, particularly from about -40°C to about -23°C or preferably about -32°C).
  • OA refrigerant said method comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-41 OA refrigerant with a heat transfer composition comprising any of the refrigerants of the present invention (including any of Referigerants 1 - 39), said refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of: 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 1 .5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and optionally a stabilizer composition according to any of the stabilizer compositions described herein, including particularly Stablizer 1 ..
  • a heat transfer composition comprising any of the refrigerants of the present invention (including any of Referigerants 1 - 39), said refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of: 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1 1
  • the invention further provides a heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator in fluid communication, and a heat transfer composition in said system, said heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant according to any one of the refrigerants described here including each of Refrigerants 1 - Refrigerants 39.
  • the heat transfer system is a residential air-conditioning system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C for cooling and/or in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C for heating).
  • the heat transfer system is an air cooled chiller (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), particularly an air cooled chiller with a positive displacement compressor, more particular an air cooled chiller with a reciprocating or scroll compressor.
  • the heat transfer system is a residential air to water heat pump hydronic system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C).
  • the heat transfer system can be a refrigeration system, such as a low temperature refrigeration system, a medium temperature refrigeration system, a commercial refrigerator, a commercial freezer, an ice machine, a vending machine, a transport refrigeration system, a domestic freezer, a domestic refrigerator, an industrial freezer, an industrial refrigerator and a chiller.
  • Refrigerant A as described in Table 1 in Example 1 above was subjected to thermodynamic analysis to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R- 4104A in various refrigeration systems.
  • the analysis was performed using experimental data collected for properties of the two binary pairs CF3I with each of HFC-32 and HFC-125.
  • the vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior of CF3I was determined and studied in a series of binary pairs with each of HFC-32 and R125.
  • the composition of each binary pair was varied over a series of relative percentages in the experimental evaluation and the mixture parameters for each binary pair were regressed to the experimentally obtained data.
  • Example 2 - Residential Air-Conditioninq System (Cooling)
  • a residential air-conditioning system configured to supply cool air (about 12°C) to buildings in the summer is tested.
  • Residential air condition systems include split air conditioning systems, mini-split air conditioning systems, and window air-conditioning system, and the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the experimental system includes an air-to-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a
  • Table 2 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential air-conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 98% capacity relative to R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 99% pressure ratio compared to R-410A, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature rise within 10°C compared to R-41 OA, which indicates good compressor reliability with low risk of oil breakdown or motor burn-out.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • a residential heat pump system configured to supply warm air (about 21 °C) to buildings in the winter is tested.
  • the experimental system includes a residential air- conditioning system, however, when the system is in in the heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed and the indoor coil becomes a condenser and the outdoor coil becomes an evaporator.
  • Residential heat pump systems include split air conditioning systems, mini-split air conditioning systems, and window air-conditioning system, and the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • Table 3 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential heat pump system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-41 OA in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 97% capacity relative to R-41 OA and an efficiency of 101 % compared to R-41 OA.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 99% pressure ratio compared to R-41 OA, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature rise within 10°C compared to R-41 OA, which indicates good compressor reliability with low risk of oil breakdown or motor burn-out.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 4 Commercial Air-Conditioning System - Chiller
  • a commercial air-conditioning systems configured to supply warm air (about 21 °C) to buildings in the winter is tested.
  • Such systems supply chilled water (about 7°C) to large buildings such as offices, hospitals, etc., and depending on the specific application, the chiller system may be running all year long.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the operating conditions for the test are:
  • Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of a of a commercial air-cooled chiller system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 98% capacity relative to R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 99% pressure ratio compared to R-41 OA, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature rise within 10°C compared to R-41 OA, which indicates good compressor reliability with low risk of oil breakdown or motor burn-out.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 5 Residential Air-to-Water Heat Pump Hydronic System
  • a residential air-to-water heat pump hydronic system configured to supply hot water (about 50°C) to buildings for floor heating or similar applications in the winter is tested.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the operating conditions for the test are:
  • Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential air-to-water heat pump hydronic system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-41 OA in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 100% capacity relative to R-41 OA and an efficiency of 103% compared to R-41 OA.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 98% pressure ratio compared to R-41 OA, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature rise close to 10°C compared to R-41 OA.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 6 Medium Temperature Refrigeration System
  • a medium temperature refrigeration system configured to chill food or beverages such as in a refrigerator and bottle cooler is tested.
  • the experimental system includes an air-to-refrigerant evaporator to chill the food or beverage, a compressor, an air-to-refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with the ambient air, and an expansion valve.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the operating conditions for the test are:
  • Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of a medium temperature refrigeration system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 100% capacity relative to R-41 OA and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-41 OA.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 98% pressure ratio compared to R-41 OA, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature rise close to 10°C compared to R-41 OA. The evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • a low temperature refrigeration system configured to freeze food such as in an ice cream machine and a freezer is tested.
  • the experimental system includes an air-to- refrigerant evaporator to cool or freeze the food or beverage, a compressor, an air-to- refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with the ambient air, and a expansion valve.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of a low temperature refrigeration system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-41 OA in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 104% capacity relative to R-41 OA and an efficiency of 105% compared to R-41 OA.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 94% pressure ratio compared to R-41 OA.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 8 Commercial Air-Conditioninq System - Packaged Rooftops
  • the experimental system includes a packaged rooftop air-conditioning/heat pump systems and has an air-to-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-to-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the operating conditions for the test are:
  • Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of a rooftop commercial air conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 98% capacity relative to R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 99% pressure ratio compared to R-410A, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-41 OA that no changes to the compressor used with R-41 OA are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature less than 10°C compared to R-41 OA, which indicates good compressor reliability and that there is no risk of oil breakdown or motor burn-out.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 9 Commercial Air-Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems
  • a commercial air-conditioning system with vaiable refrigerant flow is configured to supply cooled or heated air to buildings is tested.
  • the experimental system includes multiple (4 or more) air-to-refrigerant evaporators (indoor coils), a compressor, an air-to- refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve.
  • the testing described herein is representative of the results from such systems.
  • the operating conditions for the test are:
  • Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of a VRF commercial air conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R- 41 OA in the same system.
  • Refrigerant A exhibits a 98% capacity relative to R- 41 OA and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A.
  • Refrigerant A shows a 99% pressure ratio compared to R- 41 OA, which indicates that the compressor efficiencies are sufficiently similar to R-410A that no changes to the compressor used with R-410A are needed.
  • Refrigerant A shows a compressor discharge temperature less than 10°C compared to R-410A, which indicates good compressor reliability and that there is no risk of oil breakdown or motor burn-out.
  • the evaporator glide of less than 2°C for Refrigerant A indicates the evaporator glide does not affect system performance.
  • Example 10 Stabilizers for Heat Transfer Compositions Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant
  • Heat transfer compositions of the present invention are tested in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems" to simulate long-term stability of the heat transfer compositions by accelerated aging.
  • the level of halides is considered to reflect the stability of the refrigerant under conditions of use in the heat transfer compostion and total acid number (TAN) is considered to reflect the stability of the lubricant stability under conditions of use in the heat transfer compostion.
  • the lubricants tested were an ISO 32 POE having a viscosity at 40°C of about 32 cSt (Lubricant A) an ISO 68 POE having a viscosity at 40°C of about 68 cSt (Lubricant B), with each lubricant having a moisture content of less than 300 ppm.
  • the following refrigerants described in Table 10A are tested:
  • TAN > 10 mgKOH/g The following stabilizer's described in Table 10B, with the weight percent in the table being the weight percent of the indicated stabilizer in the stabilizer package, are tested in an amount based on the total weight of the stabilizer plus refrigerant of from about 1 .5% to about 10%.
  • R-41 OA is immiscible with POE oil below about -22 °C, and R-41 OA cannot therefore be used in low temperature refrigeration applications no without make provisions to overcomve the accumulation of POE oil in the evaporator.
  • R-410A is immiscible with POE oil above 50°C, which will cause problems in the condenser and liquid line (e.g. the separated POE oil will be trapped and accumulated) when R-410A is used in high ambient conditions.
  • refrigerants of the present invention are fully
  • Example 12 Residential Air-Conditioninq System (Cooling) With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 2 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 are included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • the system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year.
  • Example 13 Residential Heat pump System (Heating) With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 3 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein. The system operated as indicated in
  • Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year-
  • Example 14 Commercial Air-Conditioning System (Chiller) With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer
  • Example 4 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • the system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 15 - Residential Air-to-Water Heat Pump Hydronic System With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 5 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • the system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 16 - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 6 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • Example 2 The system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 17 - Low Temperature Refrigeration System With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 7 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • Example 2 The system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 18 - Commercial Air-Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftops With
  • Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 8 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • Example 2 The system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 19 - Commercial Air-Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems With Sequestration and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer Example 9 is repeated, except an oil separator is included in the system and several sequestration materials consisting independently of Sequestration Materials 1 - 4 included in the liquid portion of the oil separator.
  • the heat transfer composition includes Luricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in amounts as described herein.
  • Example 2 The system operated as indicated in Example 2 in each case and operates to indicate high levels of stability such that operation with acceptable levels of stability, as per the testing indicated in Examples 10 and 20 - 30 hereof, occurs for at least 1 year- Example 20 - Sequestration Material Comprising Silver Zeolite
  • the ability of a zeolite comprising silver to act as a sequestration material was tested.
  • the zeolite tested was UPO IONSIV D731 0-C, available form Honeywell UOP.
  • the openings have a size across their largest dimension of from about 1 5 to about 35A.
  • a blend of 80wt% POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) which comprises a primary anti-oxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about l OOOppm, and 20wt% CF3I was placed in a sealed tube, and then heated for 2 days at 1 90°C. These conditions caused breakdown of the refrigerant and the lubricant. The sealed tubes were then opened and samples of the oil were taken.
  • POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF which comprises a primary anti-oxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about l OOOppm
  • the oil sample was then placed in Fischer-Porter tubes with the zeolite.
  • the amount of dry zeolite relative to the sample (lubricant) was measured.
  • the tubes were then maintained at either 15°C or 50°C for 1 14 hours (4.75 days). The tubes were shaken every two hours to ensure proper mixing of the zeolite and the sample.

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PCT/US2018/054775 2017-10-06 2018-10-06 COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR HEAT TRANSFER WO2019071241A2 (en)

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MX2020003479A MX2020003479A (es) 2017-10-06 2018-10-06 Composiciones, metodos y sistemas de transferencia de calor.
CN202210406923.1A CN114644904B (zh) 2017-10-06 2018-10-06 热传递组合物、方法和系统
CN201880071675.1A CN111315843B (zh) 2017-10-06 2018-10-06 热传递组合物、方法和系统
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