WO2019061477A1 - Unité de pixel de détection et capteur d'empreinte digitale optique - Google Patents

Unité de pixel de détection et capteur d'empreinte digitale optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019061477A1
WO2019061477A1 PCT/CN2017/104941 CN2017104941W WO2019061477A1 WO 2019061477 A1 WO2019061477 A1 WO 2019061477A1 CN 2017104941 W CN2017104941 W CN 2017104941W WO 2019061477 A1 WO2019061477 A1 WO 2019061477A1
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unit
pixel
photosensitive
sub
sensing
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PCT/CN2017/104941
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵维民
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深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/104941 priority Critical patent/WO2019061477A1/fr
Priority to CN201780001293.7A priority patent/CN107820618B/zh
Publication of WO2019061477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061477A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a sensing pixel unit and an optical fingerprint sensor, and more particularly to a sensing pixel unit and an optical fingerprint sensor that improve temperature and cause image inconsistency.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor can be disposed under the display screen, that is, the Under Display fingerprint sensing. in other words, The user can perform fingerprint recognition by pressing the display screen.
  • the sensing pixel unit in the fingerprint identification sensor may be contaminated by metal and have different sensitivity to temperature, resulting in output of multiple sensing pixel units of the optical fingerprint sensor when the temperature is higher. Inconsistent or non-uniformity of multiple pixel values may be serious.
  • a plurality of pixel values output by the plurality of sensing pixel units are at 25 ° C, 37 ° C, 41 ° C
  • the standard deviation (Standard Deviation, STD) at 55 ° C is 1.3, 1.9, 2.7, and 9.9 unit values, respectively.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a sensing pixel unit, which is applied to an optical fingerprint sensor, where the sensing pixel unit outputs a pixel value corresponding to the sensing pixel unit, and the sensing pixel
  • the unit includes a pixel photosensitive unit, and includes a plurality of photosensitive elements for receiving illumination and outputting a plurality of photosensitive sub-pixel values corresponding to the plurality of photosensitive elements, wherein each of the photosensitive sub-pixel values corresponds to a first photosensitive area; Reference elements, outputting a plurality of reference sub-pixel values corresponding to the plurality of reference elements, wherein each reference sub-pixel value corresponds to a second photosensitive area, the second photosensitive area is smaller than the first photosensitive area; And an integration unit coupled to the plurality of photosensitive elements and the plurality of reference elements for inputting according to the plurality of photosensitive sub-pixel values and the plurality of reference sub-pixel values The pixel value corresponding to the sensing pixel unit is output.
  • one of the plurality of reference elements includes a photodiode having a photosensitive region; and a light blocking layer disposed over the photosensitive region of the photodiode in the reference element.
  • the light blocking layer completely covers the photosensitive area, and the second photosensitive area is zero.
  • the light blocking layer partially covers the photosensitive area.
  • the light blocking layer is a metal layer in an integrated circuit layout.
  • the integration unit includes a reference statistics unit for calculating a reference statistic of the plurality of reference sub-pixel values; a reference averaging unit, receiving a reference threshold, and according to the reference threshold and the reference a statistic, a reference average value corresponding to the plurality of reference sub-pixel values; a sensation statistic unit for calculating a sensation statistic of the plurality of photoreceptor pixel values; a table lookup unit for responsive to the sensitization a statistic quantity, a sensation limit value; a sensation averaging unit configured to calculate a sensitized average value corresponding to the plurality of photoreceptor pixel values according to the sensation threshold value and the sensation statistic amount; and a subtraction unit
  • the reference averaging unit and the sensitization averaging unit are configured to output the pixel value as a subtraction result of the photographic average value and the reference average value.
  • the reference averaging unit is configured to perform the following steps to calculate the reference average value according to the reference threshold and the reference statistic: according to the reference statistic and the reference ⁇ a limit value, a plurality of normal reference sub-pixel values of the plurality of reference sub-pixel values, wherein a difference between each normal reference sub-pixel value and the reference statistic is less than or equal to the reference threshold; and a calculation
  • the reference average is the average of the plurality of normal reference sub-pixel values.
  • the reference statistic is one of a minimum, a median or an average of the plurality of reference sub-pixel values.
  • the photosensitive averaging unit is configured to perform the following steps to calculate the sensible average value according to the sensation visit limit value and the sensation statistic amount: according to the sensible statistic amount and the sensation visit limit value, a plurality of normal photosensitive sub-pixel values of the plurality of photosensitive sub-pixel values, wherein a difference between each normal photo-sensing sub-pixel value and the sensible statistic is less than or equal to the sensation limit value; and calculating the photographic average value Is the average of the plurality of normal photoreceptor sub-pixel values.
  • the sensation statistic is one of a minimum, a median or an average of the plurality of photoreceptor pixel values.
  • the sensing pixel unit further includes an analog to digital converter coupled between the plurality of photosensitive elements and the plurality of reference elements and the integrated unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an optical fingerprint sensor, including a plurality of sensing pixel units, for outputting a plurality of pixel values corresponding to a plurality of sensing pixel units, wherein each sensing pixel
  • the sensing pixel unit of the unit, the plurality of pixels of the plurality of sensing pixel units are sensitive
  • the cells are arranged in an array.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor is disposed under the display of the electronic device.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor is coupled to the fingerprint recognition unit, and the fingerprint recognition unit is configured to determine a fingerprint of the user according to the plurality of pixel values corresponding to the plurality of sensing pixel units.
  • the embodiment of the present application utilizes a plurality of photosensitive elements and a plurality of reference elements to form a sensing pixel unit; the reference sub-pixel generated by the light-insensitive reference element is used to eliminate or compensate a temperature-affected signal component of the photosensitive sub-pixel; Use integrated units to eliminate temperature-sensitive components and eliminate noise.
  • the present application improves the inconsistency or unevenness caused by temperature in the prior art, and is applied in the field of optical fingerprint identification.
  • the present application enhances the accuracy of fingerprint recognition.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensing pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a photosensitive element and a reference element according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an integration unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a sensing pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present application. Schematic diagram of 30.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 only show elements related to the features of the present invention, and omit irrelevant elements.
  • the electronic device 10 includes a display screen 12, an optical fingerprint sensor 14 and a fingerprint identification unit 16.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 14 is disposed under the display screen 12 (ie, under the screen) and coupled to the fingerprint identification unit. 16.
  • the optical fingerprint sensor 14 includes a plurality of sensing pixel units 30, and the plurality of sensing pixel units 30 respectively output a plurality of pixel values PX_out to the fingerprint recognition unit 16 (ie, each sensing pixel unit 30 outputs its corresponding pixel value PX_out to The fingerprint identification unit 16) can determine the fingerprint of the user according to the plurality of pixel values PX_out corresponding to the plurality of sensing pixel units 30.
  • the photosensitive area of each sensing pixel unit 30 can be approximately 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m 2 , so that the optical fingerprint sensor 14 can have a resolution of at least 508 Dots Per Inch (DPI), which is sufficient to accurately recognize the fingerprint.
  • DPI Dots Per Inch
  • each of the sensing pixel units 30 includes a pixel photosensitive unit 32, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and an integrating unit 34, and the plurality of pixel photosensitive units 32 of the plurality of sensing pixel units 30 are arranged in a plane.
  • the pixel photosensitive unit 32 includes a plurality of photosensitive elements AP and a plurality of reference elements OBP.
  • the plurality of photosensitive elements AP and the plurality of reference elements OBP may be further arranged in an array in a region where the pixel photosensitive unit 32 is located, and the plurality of photosensitive elements AP may output a plurality of photosensitive sub-pixel values LSP 1 corresponding to the plurality of photosensitive elements AP.
  • LSP N the plurality of reference elements OBP may output a plurality of reference sub-pixel values RP 1 -RP K corresponding to the plurality of reference elements OBP.
  • the plurality of photosensitive elements AP and the plurality of reference elements OBP are coupled to the integrating unit 34 through the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
  • the analog-to-digital converter ADC will simulate the photosensitive sub-pixel values LSP 1 LSP N and reference.
  • the sub-pixel values RP 1 to RP K are converted into digital photo sub-pixel values LSP 1 to LSP N and reference sub-pixel values RP 1 to RP K , and the integration unit 34 can perform digital photo sub-pixel values LSP 1 to LSP N and The calculation and processing are performed with reference to the sub-pixel values RP 1 to RP K to generate pixel values PX_out corresponding to the sensing pixel unit 30.
  • the photosensitive element AP is used to actually receive illumination and thereby generate photoelectrons or photocurrents (which can be regarded as active Pixels), which are highly sensitive to light.
  • the photosensitive element AP may have different sensitivity to temperature due to process factors. Therefore, in order to reduce/eliminate the influence of temperature on the pixel value PX_out, the sensing pixel unit 30 uses the light-insensitive reference component OBP to eliminate/compensate for the influence of temperature, and the reference component OBP can be regarded as an optical black pixel (Optical Black Pixel). ).
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the photosensitive element AP, the reference component OBP1, and the reference component OBP2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Both the reference element OBP1 and the reference element OBP2 can be used to implement the reference element OBP in the pixel photosensitive unit 32.
  • the photosensitive element AP, the reference element OBP1, and the reference element OBP2 each include a photodiode having the same photosensitive area/area, wherein the photosensitive diode has a photosensitive area LSA and a non-photosensitive area NSA, and the photosensitive area LSA has a photosensitive area A1.
  • the photosensitive element AP is simply a photodiode, that is, the photosensitive element AP has a photosensitive area LSA and a non-photosensitive area NSA, and the area of the photosensitive area LSA is a photosensitive area A1.
  • the reference element OBP includes a light blocking layer LBL in addition to the photodiode, and the light blocking layer LBL may be a metal layer (Metal) in an integrated circuit layout (IC Layout). It is placed above the photosensitive area of the photodiode.
  • the projected area of the light-blocking layer LBL on the photosensitive region of the photosensitive diode, that is, the photosensitive area A2 of the reference element OBP is smaller than the photosensitive area A1 of the photosensitive element AP.
  • the sensitivity of the reference element OBP to light is smaller than the sensitivity of the photosensitive element AP to light compared to the photosensitive element AP.
  • the light blocking layer LBL completely covers the photosensitive area of the photodiode in the reference component OBP, that is, the photosensitive area A2 of the reference component OBP is zero, as shown in the reference component OBP1 of FIG. 4, and the reference output by the reference component OBP1.
  • the sub-pixels are unaffected by the illumination and are only affected by temperature, which can be used to cancel/compensate for temperature-affected signal components in the pixel value PX_out.
  • the light blocking layer LBL partially covers the photosensitive region of the photodiode in the reference component OBP, as shown in the reference component OBP2 of FIG. 4, and the reference subpixel output by the reference component OBP2 is slightly illuminated. Influence and temperature effects, which can be used to eliminate/compensate for signal components in the pixel value PX_out that are affected by temperature and background light.
  • the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 ⁇ RP K generated by the reference element OBP are less affected by the illumination of the photosensitive element AP (even completely unaffected by illumination, such as the reference element OBP1), and the reference element OBP The degree of influence of the temperature on the photosensitive element AP is the same. Therefore, the integration unit 34 detects and excludes the hot pixel (Hot Pixel, or white pixel point) caused by the process factor of the photosensitive element AP or the reference element OBP. (White Pixel)), and the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 to RP K generated by the reference component OBP are used to compensate the photoreceptor sub-pixel values LSP 1 to LSP N generated by the photosensitive element AP.
  • the hot pixel Hot Pixel, or white pixel point
  • the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 to RP K generated by the reference component OBP are used to compensate the photoreceptor sub-pixel values LSP 1 to LSP N generated by the photosensitive element AP.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an integration unit 34 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the integration unit 34 includes a sensation statistic unit 50, a lookup unit 52, a sensation averaging unit 54, a reference statistic unit 56, and a reference averaging unit 58. And a subtraction unit SUB.
  • Reference counting unit 56 for calculating a reference value of the sub-pixel 1 to the reference statistics RP K RP RP M, wherein the reference statistical quantity RP M may be a reference sub-pixel values of the RP RP K 1 to the minimum, average or median one of them.
  • the reference averaging unit 58 receives the reference statistic RP M and a reference threshold D_th, and calculates a reference average RP corresponding to the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 RP RP K based on the reference threshold D_th and the reference statistic RP M .
  • the reference threshold D_th can be set by the production staff before leaving the factory.
  • the photosensitive unit 50 for calculating the statistical photosensitive sub-pixel values LSP 1 ⁇ photosensitive statistics of LSP M LSP N, photosensitive statistics LSP M may be the minimum value of the LSP 1 ⁇ LSP N photosensitive subpixel, median, or One of the averages.
  • the sensitization averaging unit 54 receives the sensation statistic LSP M and the sensation visit limit value L_th, and calculates a sensible average LSP corresponding to the photoreceptor sub-pixel values LSP 1 LSP N from the sensation limit value L_th and the sensation statistic LSP M .
  • AVE where the sense of the limit value L_th can be obtained by looking up the table.
  • the subtraction unit SUB is coupled to the sensitization unit 54 and the reference averaging unit 58 for subtracting the sensitized average value LSP AVE from the reference average value RP AVE to output the pixel value PX_out as the sensible average value LSP AVE and the reference average value RP AVE
  • the subtraction unit SUB is used to perform a common-ternal rejection (Common-tern Rejection) operation.
  • the lookup unit 52 can store the correspondence between the sensible statistic LSP M and the sensible visit limit L_th, and the corresponding relationship can be established in advance in the calibration phase of the electronic device 10t. Therefore, when the electronic device 10 performs During normal operation, the look-up table unit 52 can output its corresponding sense visit limit value L_th according to the light-sensing statistic LSP M.
  • the reference averaging unit 58 examines one by one whether the difference between the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 RP RP K and the reference statistic RP M is greater than the reference threshold D_th, wherein the difference may be any of the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 ⁇ RP K
  • the absolute value of the subtraction result of the sub-pixel value RP k and the reference statistic RP M that is,
  • the reference averaging unit 58 rejects the reference sub-pixel value RP k , i.e. not used in calculating the difference between the reference average value RP AVE
  • reference averaging unit 58 in calculating the average value of the reference sub-pixel RP AVE reference value RP k into account in calculating the reference average value RP AVE.
  • reference averaging unit 58 in calculating the average value of the reference sub-pixel RP AVE reference value RP k into account in calculating the reference average value RP AVE.
  • the reference averaging unit 58 when the difference
  • is less than or equal to the reference threshold D_th, the reference averaging unit 58 will correspond to the weight w of the reference sub-pixel value RP k k is set to 1; thus, the reference averaging unit 58 can calculate the reference average RP AVE as RP AVE ( ⁇ k w k * RP k ) / ( ⁇ k w k ) (Equation 1).
  • the reference averaging unit 58 first selects a plurality of normal reference sub-pixel values from the reference sub-pixel values RP 1 ⁇ RP K (where the difference between each normal reference sub-pixel value and the reference statistic RP M is less than or equal to the reference Threshold D_th), and then calculate the reference average RP AVE as the average of a plurality of normal reference sub-pixel values.
  • the photosensitive unit 54 one by one to view the photosensitive average sub-pixel value difference LSP N LSP 1 ⁇ and the photosensitive statistics LSP M is greater than a limit value L_th presence sensing, wherein the difference value of the LSP 1 ⁇ LSP N as photosensitive subpixel
  • L_th presence sensing wherein the difference value of the LSP 1 ⁇ LSP N as photosensitive subpixel
  • the photosensitive element AP corresponding to the photoreceptor sub-pixel value LSP n is highly susceptible to temperature, so the photosensitive averaging unit 54 rejects the photoreceptor sub-pixel value LSP n . That is, when the photosensitive average value LSP AVE is calculated, the difference
  • the photoreceptor sub-pixel value LSP n is a normal photo sub-pixel value, when the photosensitive averaging unit 54 calculates average LSP AVE photosensitive photosensitive LSP n subpixel values into consideration when calculating the average of the photosensitive LSP AVE.
  • the sensation averaging unit 54 when the difference
  • the weight c n corresponding to the photoreceptor sub-pixel value LSP n is set to 0; when the difference
  • is less than or equal to the sense limit value L_th, the photosensitive averaging unit 54 will assign a weight c corresponding to the photoreceptor sub-pixel value LSP n n is set to 1; thus, the photosensitive averaging unit 54 can calculate the photosensitive average value LSP AVE as LSP AVE ( ⁇ n c n * LSP n ) / ( ⁇ n c n ) (Equation 2).
  • the sensitization unit 54 first selects a plurality of normal photo sub-pixel values from the photo sub-pixel values LSP 1 LSP N (the difference between each normal photo sub-pixel value and the sensation statistic LSP M is less than or equal to the sense At the limit value L_th), the sensitivities LSP AVE are calculated as an average of a plurality of normal photoreceptor sub-pixel values.
  • the reference averaging unit 58 can not only reject the reference sub-pixel values generated by the temperature-sensitive reference element OBP, but also utilize the averaging operation of Equation 1, the reference averaging unit 58 can also eliminate noise; likewise, Photosensitive averaging unit 54 can remove not only temperature sensitive photosensitive elements The reference sub-pixel value generated by the AP, using the averaging operation of Equation 2, the sensitization unit 54 can also eliminate noise. In addition, with the subtraction unit SUB, the components affected by the temperature of the sensing pixel unit 30 can be eliminated (or compensated back).
  • the present application can greatly reduce the inconsistency or unevenness of the plurality of pixel values PX_out output by the plurality of sensing pixel units 30.
  • the standard deviations (Standard Deviations, STD) of the plurality of pixel values PX_out output by the plurality of sensing pixel units 30 are 0.7 and 0.9, respectively. 1.0, 1.4 unit values.
  • the degree of standard deviation is particularly significant.
  • the temperature is 41 ° C, 55 ° C, the standard deviation decreases by 2.7, 7.0 times.
  • the integration unit is not limited to being implemented in a specific manner, and may be implemented by a digital circuit such as a Register-Transfer Level (RTL) circuit or an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and may even utilize a digital signal.
  • the processor Digital Signal Processor, DSP is implemented.
  • the present application utilizes a plurality of photosensitive elements and a plurality of reference elements to form a sensing pixel unit; the reference sub-pixels generated by the light-insensitive reference elements are used to eliminate or compensate for temperature-dependent effects in the photosensitive sub-pixels. Signal components; use integrated units to eliminate temperature-sensitive components and eliminate noise.
  • the present application improves the inconsistency or unevenness caused by temperature in the prior art, and is applied in the field of optical fingerprint identification.
  • the present application enhances the accuracy of fingerprint recognition.

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Abstract

Unité de pixel de détection (30). L'unité de pixel de détection (30) comprend une unité de détection de lumière de pixel (32), de multiples éléments de référence et une unité d'intégration (34). L'unité de détection de lumière de pixel (32) comprend de multiples éléments de détection de lumière utilisés pour recevoir un éclairage de lumière et émettre de multiples valeurs de sous-pixel de détection de lumière correspondant aux multiples éléments de détection de lumière. Chaque valeur de sous-pixel de détection de lumière correspond à une première zone de détection de lumière. Les multiples éléments de référence délivrent en sortie de multiples valeurs de sous-pixel de référence correspondant aux multiples éléments de référence. Chaque valeur de sous-pixel de référence correspond à une seconde zone de détection de lumière, et la seconde zone de détection de lumière est plus petite que la première zone de détection de lumière. L'unité d'intégration (34) est en connexion couplée avec les multiples éléments de détection de lumière et les multiples éléments de référence, et est utilisée pour délivrer en sortie une valeur de pixel correspondant à l'unité de pixel de détection (30) selon les multiples valeurs de sous-pixel de détection de lumière et les multiples valeurs de sous-pixel de référence.
PCT/CN2017/104941 2017-09-30 2017-09-30 Unité de pixel de détection et capteur d'empreinte digitale optique WO2019061477A1 (fr)

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CN201780001293.7A CN107820618B (zh) 2017-09-30 2017-09-30 传感像素单元及光学指纹传感器

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