WO2019051851A1 - 一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2019051851A1
WO2019051851A1 PCT/CN2017/102237 CN2017102237W WO2019051851A1 WO 2019051851 A1 WO2019051851 A1 WO 2019051851A1 CN 2017102237 W CN2017102237 W CN 2017102237W WO 2019051851 A1 WO2019051851 A1 WO 2019051851A1
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zinc
trace element
rich
fertilizer
sulfur
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PCT/CN2017/102237
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English (en)
French (fr)
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操素芬
王应宗
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湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
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Priority to MA47628A priority Critical patent/MA47628B2/fr
Publication of WO2019051851A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019051851A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel fertilizer manufacturing and seed coating, in particular to the manufacture and application of a trace element nutrient synergist rich in sulfur and zinc.
  • Nitrogen The basic constituents of various substances, the most basic living substances, plants can not be separated from nitrogen in any growth and development process. Leafy vegetables require more nitrogen.
  • Phosphorus is a component of nucleic acids, adenosine phosphate, and phytic acid.
  • Adenosine phosphate is an energy carrier, and phytate makes plants form reproductive organs such as seeds and fruits, so phosphorus promotes grain fullness and promotes quality.
  • Potassium 1. Promote the transportation of nutrients such as sugar, promote photosynthesis, promote the conversion of small molecules such as sugar and amino acids into macromolecules such as cellulose, lignin and protein, and increase nutrient accumulation. Therefore, potassium can enhance quality and promote coloring. Resistance to lodging, drought, cold, and pests. Micro-agricultural resources, agricultural resources WeChat marketing platform, access to more agricultural information, plant protection technology, agricultural marketing story, please Baidu micro-agricultural resources 2. Promote more than 60 enzymes to activate, maintain normal organ development. 3. Potassium ion regulates osmotic pressure, regulates stomata switch to control transpiration, and enhances drought resistance. 4. Fruits need more potassium.
  • Magnesium 1. The central atom of the chlorophyll molecule, photosynthesis is inseparable from magnesium. 2. Promote the synthesis of amino acids and the accumulation of magnesium-deficient amino acids, so plants are susceptible to disease. 3. Magnesium participates in the phosphoric acid conversion process, and no magnesium can form the yield. 4. Magnesium and sulfur work at the same time, and the oil content of plants is greatly improved.
  • Sulfur 1. Participates in the synthesis of proteins, most of which contain sulfur-containing amino acids. 2. Sulfur is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of fat. 3. Sulfur is not a component of chlorophyll, but affects the synthesis of chlorophyll. 4. Make onions, garlic, mustard, etc. have a special spicy smell.
  • Iron 1. It is a component of enzymes such as iron-sulfur protein, which plays a redox role in both photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. 2. It is a component of iron phosphoprotein, which is necessary for the function and function. 3. It is a component of iron molybdenum protein (nitrogenase), which is a plant that has a nitrogen fixation effect.
  • Zinc 1. It is a constituent of 59 enzymes known and plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis, and hormone synthesis. 2. Promote the synthesis of auxin (indole acetic acid) and promote the growth of new organs. 3. Protect the root surface and the role of the cell membrane in the root to improve the drought resistance of the plant.
  • Manganese 1. It is a constituent of many enzymes. 2. Manganese deficiency inhibits the synthesis of proteins, causing nitrates to accumulate in plants and making plants harmful. 3. It can promote the oxidation of indoleacetic acid. High concentration of manganese promotes the decomposition of auxin. Excess manganese can inhibit plant growth.
  • Copper 1. A variety of enzyme components, involved in protein and sugar metabolism, stabilize chlorophyll function, prevent premature chlorophyll destruction. 2. Participate in respiratory metabolism. 3. Participate in the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules.
  • Boron It is not a component of the structural material of plants, but it is very important. 1. Promote the transportation of sugar and auxin, produce nectar, attract insect pollination, promote the concentration of sugar and auxin, and promote the development of reproductive organs. 2. Let auxin want to transport vascular bundles so that the xylem is formed normally. 3. Boron and calcium work together to form an intercellular gel structure, maintain cell wall structure integrity, and enhance plant cold resistance and disease resistance. 4. Conducive to the nitrogen fixation of legumes.
  • Molybdenum 1. Plants have the least demand for molybdenum and are components of iron-molybdenum-secured nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. 2. Molybdenum yellow protein can not be synthesized in the absence of molybdenum, resulting in the accumulation of nitrate in plants, making plant foods harmful. 3. Molybdenum deficiency affects nitrogen fixation by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 4. Can eliminate the toxicity of aluminum to plants. 5. Promote the absorption of phosphorus and promote the synthesis of vitamin C.
  • Chlorine maintains charge balance with cations, maintains pH, maintains cell expansion, and regulates stomatal closure with potassium. Balance photosynthesis and water transpiration.
  • the main function of the seed coating agent is to protect the seeds from the erosion of bacteria and pests. At the same time, the seeds need nutrients when they germinate. The first thing is zinc nutrition, but the seeds can not be exposed to inorganic salts. Therefore, it is required to develop a salt-free one.
  • a seed coating agent that provides zinc nutrition and bactericidal function.
  • the invention relates to a micronutrient nutrient rich in sulfur and zinc for agricultural use, which can solve the seed coating, improve the germination rate and vitality of the seed, and win the foaming property;
  • the elements provided by air and common fertilizers are mainly six kinds of large elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, neglecting to provide medium and trace elements, causing soil deficiency, just like human beings, malnutrition, it is difficult Have a good output.
  • Nitrogen The basic constituents of various substances, the most basic living substances, plants can not be separated from nitrogen in any growth and development process. Leafy vegetables require more nitrogen.
  • Phosphorus is a component of nucleic acids, adenosine phosphate, and phytic acid.
  • Adenosine phosphate is an energy carrier, and phytate makes plants form reproductive organs such as seeds and fruits, so phosphorus promotes grain fullness and promotes quality.
  • Potassium 1. Promote the transportation of nutrients such as sugar, promote photosynthesis, promote the conversion of small molecules such as sugar and amino acids into macromolecules such as cellulose, lignin and protein, and increase nutrient accumulation. Therefore, potassium can enhance quality and promote coloration. Resistance to lodging, drought, cold, and pests. Micro-agricultural resources, agricultural resources WeChat marketing platform, access to more agricultural information, plant protection technology, agricultural marketing story, please Baidu micro-agricultural resources 2. Promote more than 60 enzymes to activate, maintain normal organ development. 3. Potassium ion regulates osmotic pressure, regulates stomata switch to control transpiration, and enhances drought resistance. 4. Fruits need more potassium.
  • Magnesium 1. The central atom of the chlorophyll molecule, photosynthesis is inseparable from magnesium. 2. Promote amino acid synthesis of proteins, lacking Magnesium amino acids accumulate, so plants are susceptible to disease. 3. Magnesium participates in the phosphoric acid conversion process, and no magnesium can form the yield. 4. Magnesium and sulfur work at the same time, and the oil content of plants is greatly improved.
  • Sulfur 1. Participates in the synthesis of proteins, most of which contain sulfur-containing amino acids. 2. Sulfur is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of fat. 3. Sulfur is not a component of chlorophyll, but affects the synthesis of chlorophyll. 4. Make onions, garlic, mustard, etc. have a special spicy smell.
  • Iron 1. It is a component of enzymes such as iron-sulfur protein, which plays a redox role in both photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. 2. It is a component of iron phosphoprotein, which is necessary for the function and function. 3. It is a component of iron molybdenum protein (nitrogenase), which is a plant that has a nitrogen fixation effect.
  • Zinc 1. It is a constituent of 59 enzymes known and plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis, and hormone synthesis. 2. Promote the synthesis of auxin (indole acetic acid) and promote the growth of new organs. 3. Protect the root surface and the role of the cell membrane in the root to improve the drought resistance of the plant.
  • Manganese 1. It is a constituent of many enzymes. 2. Manganese deficiency inhibits the synthesis of proteins, causing nitrates to accumulate in plants and making plants harmful. 3. It can promote the oxidation of indoleacetic acid. High concentration of manganese promotes the decomposition of auxin. Excess manganese can inhibit plant growth.
  • Copper 1. A variety of enzyme components, involved in protein and sugar metabolism, stabilize chlorophyll function, prevent premature chlorophyll destruction. 2. Participate in respiratory metabolism. 3. Participate in the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules.
  • Boron It is not a component of the structural material of plants, but it is very important. 1. Promote the transportation of sugar and auxin, produce nectar, attract insect pollination, promote the concentration of sugar and auxin, and promote the development of reproductive organs. 2. Let auxin want to transport vascular bundles so that the xylem is formed normally. 3. Boron and calcium work together to form an intercellular gel structure, maintain cell wall structure integrity, and enhance plant cold resistance and disease resistance. 4. Conducive to the nitrogen fixation of legumes.
  • Molybdenum 1. Plants have the least demand for molybdenum and are components of iron-molybdenum-secured nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. 2. Molybdenum yellow protein can not be synthesized in the absence of molybdenum, resulting in the accumulation of nitrate in plants, making plant foods harmful. 3. Molybdenum deficiency affects nitrogen fixation by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 4. Can eliminate the toxicity of aluminum to plants. 5. Promote the absorption of phosphorus and promote the synthesis of vitamin C.
  • Chlorine maintains charge balance with cations, maintains pH, maintains cell expansion, regulates stomatal closure with potassium, balances photosynthesis and water transpiration.
  • the main function of the seed coating agent is to protect the seeds from the erosion of bacteria and pests. At the same time, the seeds need nutrients when they germinate. The first thing is zinc nutrition, but the seeds can not be exposed to inorganic salts. Therefore, it is required to develop a salt-free one.
  • a seed coating agent that provides zinc nutrition and bactericidal function.
  • the invention relates to a micronutrient nutrient rich in sulfur and zinc for agricultural use, which can solve the seed coating, improve the germination rate and vitality of the seed, and win the foaming property;
  • the invention provides a micronutrient nutritional synergist rich in sulfur zinc and application thereof.
  • the nutrient synergist prepared by the method is rich in medium and trace elements, and is a flowable emulsion. It can quickly and efficiently form a layer of medium and trace element nutrient layer on the surface of fertilizer or seed without additional drying, and can provide nutrition for the seed or seed. Trace elements.
  • a trace element nutrient synergist rich in sulfur and zinc each component being characterized by mass percentage, characterized by: 38%-75% of medium trace element component, 0.5%-4% dispersant, 0.5%- 6% wetting agent, 0.5%-5% film former, 0.5%-5% film former aid, 0.5%-5% filler, 19.5%-40% water and 0.5%-2%
  • the pigment composition is such that the components are uniformly mixed and the product is a flowing emulsion, and the film forming aid is ethanol or dodecyl alcohol ester.
  • the trace element and nutrient synergist rich in sulfur and zinc wherein the medium and trace elements are trace elements in sulfur, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, copper and/or molybdenum.
  • the particle size is 325-1500 mesh.
  • Sulfur is elemental sulfur with a particle size of 325-1500 mesh
  • zinc is zinc oxide
  • its particle size is 325-1500 mesh
  • boron is boric acid or borax
  • other trace elements are calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese.
  • Copper and molybdenum are calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, manganese dioxide, copper oxide and molybdenum oxide, respectively.
  • the dispersing agent is a calcium lignin sulfonate, a copolymer of starch and calcium lignosulfonate, a sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NNO), a sodium polyacrylate, or a mixture of two or more.
  • the wetting agent is ethylene glycol, glycerin or a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
  • the film forming agent is one or a mixture of two or more of dextrin, modified starch, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the filler is one of bentonite, concave barite, diatomaceous earth or a mixture of two or more.
  • the above-mentioned zinc-rich trace element nutrient synergist is used for fertilizer coating, seed coating, plant foliar spraying or crop drip irrigation.
  • the sulphur-zinc-rich trace element nutrient synergist is used for fertilizer package, specifically: the fertilizer is built in the mixing device, and the surface of the granular fertilizer or the powdered fertilizer is sprayed directly on the surface of the fertilizer by 2-10%.
  • the zinc trace element nutrient synergist can be used.
  • the sulphur-zinc-rich trace element nutrient synergist is used for seed coating, specifically: adding phase in the mixing device In the seed of the plant, a layer of 2-10% of the seed weight should be sprayed on the surface of the seed to enrich the trace element nutrients in the sulphur zinc.
  • the product is characterized in that it can form a layer of medium and trace element nutrient layer quickly and efficiently on the surface of the fertilizer or on the surface of the seed, and can have better foliar spraying performance and suspended fertilizer performance.
  • the nutritional synergist When used for seed coating, it can improve seed vigor and germination rate and provide seedling activity;
  • the nutritional synergist can provide the crop with uniform, stable, full-cycle zinc and other trace elements nutrients, because the trace elements are in the form of metal oxides, and will not undergo metathesis reaction with phosphate ions in the fertilizer system. It causes the passivation of trace element ions to ensure the effectiveness of the added trace elements.
  • the crops are deficient in trace elements, on the one hand, the crop roots will actively secrete organic acids to activate metal oxides, and obtain effective trace element nutrients.
  • a large part of the trace element absorption comes from sulfur, which is converted into sulfuric acid by the oxidation of soil sulfur bacteria.
  • the sulfate is absorbed by the crop, and the remaining hydrogen ions acidify the zinc oxide to obtain movable zinc ions, which are then absorbed by the crop roots.
  • the absorption of trace elements by crops is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages of growth, so the product of the invention can well meet the growth requirements of crops for trace elements.
  • the nutrient synergist contains a dispersing agent and a wetting agent. When mixed with the drip irrigation fertilizer and the suspended fertilizer, the nutrient can quickly pass through the waxy layer of the plant stems and leaves, and play a nutritional synergistic effect.
  • the filler of the nutritional synergist is diatomaceous earth, concave soil, kaolin material, the material is a network porous material, the void diameter is nanometer, can absorb nutrients, and is released according to the demand for nutrients according to the action root Nutritional ingredients with good sustained release properties.
  • the fertilizer after the medium micronutrient synergist coating can carry different colors (red, chlorine, yellow, blue, etc.), which is different from ordinary fertilizer, and can better meet the color of the user when using fertilizer. Marking requirements.
  • the nutrient synergist When used in drip fertigation, the nutrient synergist enters the vicinity of the crop roots together with other large elemental fertilizers and is then absorbed by the crop roots.
  • the invention provides a micronutrient-rich nutrient synergist and application thereof, which is a method for rapidly providing nutrient components of medium and trace elements for granular fertilizers or seeds, and the specific implementation is as follows.
  • the medium trace element nutrient formulations in the following examples are all by weight.
  • the target is: heavy superphosphate + 0.8% Zn + 1% S (granular weight of super-superphosphate wrapped with 0.8% zinc and 1% sulfur)
  • the formulation is a particulate super-superphosphate product containing a medium trace element of heavy superphosphate + 0.8% Zn + 1% S.
  • the target is: corn seed + 0.16% B (boron in the compound fertilizer pellet with a mass fraction of 0.16%).
  • the disc coating machine add 20 kg of the above medium and trace element coating agent to 1 ton of corn seed granules, and mix quickly until the surface of all the compound fertilizers is uniform blue, that is, the formula is compound fertilizer + 0.16% B of granular compound fertilizer product containing medium and trace elements.
  • UAN water-soluble fertilizer and urea ammonium nitrate solution
  • UAN water-soluble fertilizer and urea ammonium nitrate solution
  • the goal is: UAN+1.6% Zn+3%S, used in the mixing of urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) is the ratio of adding 1.6% zinc element and 3% sulfur element with mass fraction of UAN.
  • the target is: rice spraying 0.16% Zn + 0.3% S
  • a sprayer was used to uniformly inject 10 kg of the above-mentioned medium and trace element coating agent, which supplemented the rice with the required zinc nutrition.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用,营养增效剂由38％-75％中微量元素成分、0.5％-4％分散剂、0.5％-6％润湿剂、0.5％-5％成膜剂、0.5％-5％成膜剂助剂，0.5％-5％填料、19.5％-40％水和0.5％-2％色素组成，各组分混合均匀后产品为流动的乳液，所述的成膜助剂为乙醇或者十二醇酯。其特点是不仅能在肥料表面或在种子表面，无需干燥，快速高效形成一层中微量元素营养层，而且具有较好的叶面喷施性能和悬浮肥料性能，其应用如下：用于颗粒大量元素肥料、粉状肥料包膜，为肥料提供硫锌等中微量元素营养；用于种子包衣，提高种子活力和发芽率，提供秧苗活性；用于叶面喷施，为作物快速提供硫锌等中微量元素营养；用于滴灌施肥，与其他大量元素肥料一起进入作物根系附近，进而被作物根系吸收。

Description

一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及新型肥料制造和种子包衣，具体为一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂的制造及其应用。
背景技术
中国是一个农业大国，各种肥料，尤其是化肥对我国粮食安全发挥不可磨灭的贡献,其中主要化肥是尿素、磷肥和钾肥，以及以上述三种原料制备的N:P:K各种不同配比的复合肥。这些肥料的使用，给农民的增产发挥了重要作用。但是近年来，农民普遍反映，化肥不管怎么多用，增产效果不明显，也就是产量与化肥的使用量形成一种S曲线。除此之外，人们也发现在的果蔬，个头很大，但是口味一般，，没有小时候的水果那么香甜。农业科学家解释，造成作物产量天花板现象和农产品口味平淡的主要原因是我们的土壤缺乏中微量元素，它们是：4种中量元素：钙、镁、硫、硅。7种微量元素：铁、锰、硼、锌、铜、钼、硒。空气和常用的化肥提供的元素，主要为6种大量元素：碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾，忽视提供中微量元素，造成土壤缺素，就好比人一样，营养不良，很难能有好的产出。
中微量元素对作物和土壤的作用机理如下：
氮：各种物质的基本组成成分，最基本的生命物质，植物在任何一个生长发育过程离不开氮。叶菜类需氮多。
磷：是核酸，磷酸腺苷，肌醇六磷酸的组成部分。磷酸腺苷是能量载体，肌醇六磷酸使植物形成种子和果实等繁殖器官，所以磷促使籽粒饱满，促进品质。
钾：1.促进糖等营养物质的运输，促进光合作用，促进糖、氨基酸等小分子转化成纤维素、木质素、蛋白质等大分子，增加营养积累，所以钾能增进品质，促进上色。抗倒伏、抗旱、抗寒、抗病虫。微农资，农资微信营销平台，获取更多农业资讯，植保技术，农资营销故事请百度微农资2.促使60多种酶被激活，维持器官正常发育。3.钾离子调节渗透压，调节气孔开关控制蒸腾，增强抗旱力。4.果类需钾多。
钙：1.与果胶固定在细胞壁中，稳定细胞壁，加固植物结构，增强植物抗病力和抗 倒伏能力。2.保持一些重要酶的活性，是植物正常发育。3.调节细胞内ph值，防治有机酸在植物体内积累而中毒。4.促进植物对硝态氮的吸收。5.改善土壤理化性质。
镁：1.叶绿素分子的中心原子，光合作用离不开镁。2.促进氨基酸合成蛋白质，缺镁氨基酸积累，所以植物易染病。3.镁参与磷酸转化过程，没有镁就形成不了产量。4.镁与硫同时起作用，植物的含油量大大提高。
硫：1.参与蛋白质的合成，大部分蛋白质中都有含硫氨基酸。2.硫参与脂肪的合成与代谢。3.硫不是叶绿素的组成部分，但影响叶绿素的合成。4.使葱、蒜、芥菜等具有特殊辛辣气味。
铁：1.是铁硫蛋白等酶的组成成分，在光合和呼吸两个代谢中起到氧化还原作用。2.是铁磷蛋白的组成成分，是关和作用所必须的。3.是铁钼蛋白(固氮酶)的组成成分，是植物具有固氮作用。
锌：1.是已知59种酶的构成成分，在光合、呼吸、蛋白质合成、激素合成中起重要作用。2.促进生长素(吲哚乙酸)的合成，促进新器官的生长。3.保护根表和根内细胞膜的作用，提高植物抗旱能力。
锰：1.是许多酶的组成成分。2.缺锰抑制蛋白质的合成，造成硝酸盐在植物体内积累，使植物变的有害。3.能促进吲哚乙酸氧化，高浓度的锰促进生长素分解，过量锰会抑制植物生长。
铜：1.多种酶的组成成分，参与蛋白质和糖代谢，稳定叶绿素功能，防止叶绿素过早破坏。2.参与呼吸代谢。3.参与固氮根瘤的形成。
硼：不是植物的结构物质的组成成分，但很重要。1.促进了糖和生长素的运输，产生花蜜，吸引昆虫授粉，促进糖和生长素想花果集中，促进生殖器官的发育。2.使生长素想维管束运输，使木质部正常形成。3.硼和钙共同作用形成细胞间胶结构，保持细胞壁结构完整，增强植物抗寒力和抗病力。4.有利于豆科植物固氮。
钼：1.植物对钼需求最少，是铁钼担保固氮酶和硝酸还原酶的组成成分。2.缺钼时钼黄蛋白不能合成，导致硝酸盐在植物体内积累，使植物食品变的有害。3.缺钼影响固氮菌固氮。4.能消除铝对植物的毒害。5.促进磷的吸收，并促进维C的合成。
氯：与阳离子保持电荷平衡，维持ph值，维持细胞膨大，与钾一起调节气孔关闭， 平衡光合作用和水分蒸腾。
鉴于上述原因，中国农业部，农业专家呼吁，农民要使用富含中微量元素的化肥，鼓励肥料企业生产富含中微量元素的复合肥或者尿素、磷肥、钾肥。
但是肥料企业在生产含中微量元素的肥料过程中，遇到一个问题：在作物所需的10中微量元素中，除了硫磺、硼和硅外，其他元素都是金属元素类，这些金属元素只有保持离子态或者螯合态或者活化态，才能被作物吸收。问题的关键是我们的磷肥生产、复合肥生产中均含有大量磷酸根离子、硫酸根离子，在肥料生产过程中，在水分和温度的双重作用下，极易与这些金属离子发生反应，形成磷酸锌、磷酸锰等一系列复杂的沉淀物，造成这些微量元素无法被作物吸收，造成营养成分浪费。
我们知道，不同地区土壤情况不一样，缺乏的中微量元素营养不一致，不同作物对不同中微量元素营养需求也不一样，微量元素的缺乏与中毒之间的范围也非常窄，因此中微量元素营养必须适时适量添加，且要在肥料中均匀分布，这样才能既有效解决微量元素缺乏问题，又不至于让作物中毒。
因此在肥料中添加中微量元素营养剂，需同时解决好均匀分散、简单、柔性化三个要素。过去几年，我们依然没有找到很好的方式，能高效地在氮磷钾肥料中添加中微量元素，因为这一问题，在一定程度上影响了农产品产量的提高和农产品品质提升，制约了我国农业的发展。
种子包衣剂，其主要功能是保护种子避免受细菌和害虫的侵蚀，同时种子发芽时也需要营养，首当其冲的是锌元素营养，但是种子不能接触无机盐分，因此要求开发一种无盐分的又能提供锌营养和杀菌功能的种子包衣剂。
随着人们对作物产量要求和品质要求的提升，除了土施一些微量元素肥料，科学上会搭配叶面喷施一些中微量元素叶面肥和滴灌施肥，尤其是经济作物，例如果蔬类作物，会用到大量的叶面肥，一般大量使用一些水溶性无机盐类例如硫酸锌等来补充中微量元素营养，这种方式成本非常高，因此限制了应用范围，使得大量的作物因为成本原因，只采取单一土施肥料方法，影响了作物的产量和品质的提升
在这样的背景下，开发一种在本发明涉及一种农用富含硫锌中微量元素营养剂，既能解决种子包衣，提高种子发芽率和活力，赢在起泡性上；
也能灵活、简单、高效地加入中微量元素营养成分的方法；
同时又能作为叶面喷施和滴灌，完全颠覆了叶面肥和滴灌肥使用全水溶的无机盐作为中微量元素的历史，
此种产品的开发，将对农业的发展带来重大影响中国是一个农业大国，各种肥料，尤其是化肥对我国粮食安全发挥不可磨灭的贡献,其中主要化肥是尿素、磷肥和钾肥，以及以上述三种原料制备的N:P:K各种不同配比的复合肥。这些肥料的使用，给农民的增产发挥了重要作用。但是近年来，农民普遍反映，化肥不管怎么多用，增产效果不明显，也就是产量与化肥的使用量形成一种S曲线。除此之外，人们也发现在的果蔬，个头很大，但是口味一般，没有小时候的水果那么香甜。农业科学家解释，造成作物产量天花板现象和农产品口味平淡的主要原因是我们的土壤缺乏中微量元素，它们是：4种中量元素：钙、镁、硫、硅。7种微量元素：铁、锰、硼、锌、铜、钼、硒。空气和常用的化肥提供的元素，主要为6种大量元素：碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾，忽视提供中微量元素，造成土壤缺素，就好比人一样，营养不良，很难能有好的产出。
中微量元素对作物和土壤的作用机理如下：
氮：各种物质的基本组成成分，最基本的生命物质，植物在任何一个生长发育过程离不开氮。叶菜类需氮多。
磷：是核酸，磷酸腺苷，肌醇六磷酸的组成部分。磷酸腺苷是能量载体，肌醇六磷酸使植物形成种子和果实等繁殖器官，所以磷促使籽粒饱满，促进品质。
钾：1.促进糖等营养物质的运输，促进光合作用，促进糖，氨基酸等小分子转化成纤维素、木质素、蛋白质等大分子，增加营养积累，所以钾能增进品质，促进上色。抗倒伏、抗旱、抗寒、抗病虫。微农资，农资微信营销平台，获取更多农业资讯，植保技术，农资营销故事请百度微农资2.促使60多种酶被激活，维持器官正常发育。3.钾离子调节渗透压，调节气孔开关控制蒸腾，增强抗旱力。4.果类需钾多。
钙：1.与果胶固定在细胞壁中，稳定细胞壁，加固植物结构，增强植物抗病力和抗倒伏能力。2.保持一些重要酶的活性，是植物正常发育。3.调节细胞内ph值，防治有机酸在植物体内积累而中毒。4.促进植物对硝态氮的吸收。5.改善土壤理化性质。
镁：1.叶绿素分子的中心原子，光合作用离不开镁。2.促进氨基酸合成蛋白质，缺 镁氨基酸积累，所以植物易染病。3.镁参与磷酸转化过程，没有镁就形成不了产量。4.镁与硫同时起作用，植物的含油量大大提高。
硫：1.参与蛋白质的合成，大部分蛋白质中都有含硫氨基酸。2.硫参与脂肪的合成与代谢。3.硫不是叶绿素的组成部分，但影响叶绿素的合成。4.使葱、蒜、芥菜等具有特殊辛辣气味。
铁：1.是铁硫蛋白等酶的组成成分，在光合和呼吸两个代谢中起到氧化还原作用。2.是铁磷蛋白的组成成分，是关和作用所必须的。3.是铁钼蛋白(固氮酶)的组成成分，是植物具有固氮作用。
锌：1.是已知59种酶的构成成分，在光合、呼吸、蛋白质合成、激素合成中起重要作用。2.促进生长素(吲哚乙酸)的合成，促进新器官的生长。3.保护根表和根内细胞膜的作用，提高植物抗旱能力。
锰：1.是许多酶的组成成分。2.缺锰抑制蛋白质的合成，造成硝酸盐在植物体内积累，使植物变的有害。3.能促进吲哚乙酸氧化，高浓度的锰促进生长素分解，过量锰会抑制植物生长。
铜：1.多种酶的组成成分，参与蛋白质和糖代谢，稳定叶绿素功能，防止叶绿素过早破坏。2.参与呼吸代谢。3.参与固氮根瘤的形成。
硼：不是植物的结构物质的组成成分，但很重要。1.促进了糖和生长素的运输，产生花蜜，吸引昆虫授粉，促进糖和生长素想花果集中，促进生殖器官的发育。2.使生长素想维管束运输，使木质部正常形成。3.硼和钙共同作用形成细胞间胶结构，保持细胞壁结构完整，增强植物抗寒力和抗病力。4.有利于豆科植物固氮。
钼：1.植物对钼需求最少，是铁钼担保固氮酶和硝酸还原酶的组成成分。2.缺钼时钼黄蛋白不能合成，导致硝酸盐在植物体内积累，使植物食品变的有害。3.缺钼影响固氮菌固氮。4.能消除铝对植物的毒害。5.促进磷的吸收，并促进维C的合成。
氯：与阳离子保持电荷平衡，维持ph值，维持细胞膨大，与钾一起调节气孔关闭，平衡光合作用和水分蒸腾。
鉴于上述原因，中国农业部，农业专家呼吁，农民要使用富含中微量元素的化肥，鼓励肥料企业生产富含中微量元素的复合肥或者尿素、磷肥、钾肥。
但是肥料企业在生产含中微量元素的肥料过程中，遇到一个问题：在作物所需的10中微量元素中，除了硫磺、硼和硅外，其他元素都是金属元素类，这些金属元素只有保持离子态或者螯合态或者活化态，才能被作物吸收。问题的关键是我们的磷肥生产、复合肥生产中均含有大量磷酸根离子、硫酸根离子，在肥料生产过程中，在水分和温度的双重作用下，极易与这些金属离子发生反应，形成磷酸锌、磷酸锰等一系列复杂的沉淀物，造成这些微量元素无法被作物吸收，造成营养成分浪费。
我们知道，不同地区土壤情况不一样，缺乏的中微量元素营养不一致，不同作物对不同中微量元素营养需求也不一样，微量元素的缺乏与中毒之间的范围也非常窄，因此中微量元素营养必须适时适量添加，且要在肥料中均匀分布，这样才能既有效解决微量元素缺乏问题，又不至于让作物中毒。
因此在肥料中添加中微量元素营养剂，需同时解决好均匀分散、简单、柔性化三个要素。过去几年，我们依然没有找到很好的方式，能高效地在氮磷钾肥料中添加中微量元素，因为这一问题，在一定程度上影响了农产品产量的提高和农产品品质提升，制约了我国农业的发展。
种子包衣剂，其主要功能是保护种子避免受细菌和害虫的侵蚀，同时种子发芽时也需要营养，首当其冲的是锌元素营养，但是种子不能接触无机盐分，因此要求开发一种无盐分的又能提供锌营养和杀菌功能的种子包衣剂。
随着人们对作物产量要求和品质要求的提升，除了土施一些微量元素肥料，科学上会搭配叶面喷施一些中微量元素叶面肥和滴灌施肥，尤其是经济作物，例如果蔬类作物，会用到大量的叶面肥，一般大量使用一些水溶性无机盐类例如硫酸锌等来补充中微量元素营养，这种方式成本非常高，因此限制了应用范围，使得大量的作物因为成本原因，只采取单一土施肥料方法，影响了作物的产量和品质的提升
在这样的背景下，开发一种在本发明涉及一种农用富含硫锌中微量元素营养剂，既能解决种子包衣，提高种子发芽率和活力，赢在起泡性上；
也能灵活、简单、高效地加入中微量元素营养成分的方法；
同时又能作为叶面喷施和滴灌，完全颠覆了叶面肥和滴灌肥使用全水溶的无机盐作为中微量元素的历史，
此种产品的开发，将对农业的发展带来重大影响。
发明内容
本发明在于提供一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用。该方法制备的营养增效剂富含中微量元素，为可流动的乳液状，无需额外烘干就可在肥料或种子表面快速高效形成一层中微量元素营养层，可为作为或种子提供营养微量元素。
一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：由38％-75％的中微量元素成分、0.5％-4％的分散剂、0.5％-6％的润湿剂、0.5％-5％的成膜剂、0.5％-5％成膜剂助剂，0.5％-5％的填料、19.5％-40％的水和0.5％-2％的色素组成，各组分混合均匀后产品为流动的乳液，所述的成膜助剂为乙醇或者十二醇酯。
所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的中微量元素为硫、锌、钙、镁、铁、锰、硼、铜和/或钼中微量元素成分，粒径为325-1500目。
硫元素为单质硫，其粒径为325-1500目，锌元素为氧化锌，其粒径为325-1500目，硼元素为硼酸或硼砂，其它中微量元素成分钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和钼分别为氧化钙、氧化镁、三氧化二铁、二氧化锰、氧化铜和氧化钼。
所述的分散剂为木质素磺酸钙、淀粉与木质素磺酸钙的共聚物、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物(NNO)、聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或两种以上混合物。
所述的润湿剂为乙二醇、甘油或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
所述的成膜剂为糊精、改性淀粉、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的填料为：膨润土、凹土棒土、硅藻土中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
将上述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于肥料包裹、种子包衣、植物叶面喷施或作物滴灌。
所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于肥料包裹具体为：在混合装置内置入肥料，直接在颗粒肥料或者粉状肥料表面喷涂一层占肥料重量2－10％富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂即可。
所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于种子包衣具体为：在混合设备中加入相 应植物的种子，在种子表面喷涂一层占种子重量2－10％富含硫锌中微量元素营养即可。
本产品的特点是，可在肥料表面或在种子表面，快速高效形成一层中微量元素营养层，且能具有较好叶面喷施性能和悬浮肥料性能。
该营养增效剂用于种子包衣时，能提高种子活力和发芽率，提供秧苗活性；
该营养增效剂用于颗粒大量元素肥料、粉状肥料包膜时：
1)添加工艺极简；
2)无需额外烘干，即可在肥料颗粒表面快速高效形成一层中微量元素营养层；
3)因为为包裹环节加入，因此根据测土结果和作物养分需求模型，来灵活切换中微量元素营养增效剂的配方与包膜量，更适合测土配肥的发展和需要；
4)该营养增效剂可以为作物提供均匀、稳定的、全周期的硫锌等中微量元素营养，因为微量元素均为金属氧化物形态，不会与与肥料体系中磷酸盐离子发生复分解反应造成微量元素离子钝化，从而保证所加入中微量元素的有效性，；当作物出现微量元素匮乏时，一方面作物根系会主动分泌有机酸来活化金属氧化物，获取有效的微量元素营养，更大一部分的微量元素吸收来自于，硫受土壤硫细菌的氧化作用变成硫酸，硫酸根被作物吸收，剩下的氢离子会酸化氧化锌，得到可以移动的锌离子，进而被作物根系吸收，作物对微量元素的吸收主要集中在生长的中后期，因此本发明产品能很好的满足作物对微量元素的生长需求。
5)该营养增效剂含有分散剂、润湿剂，与滴灌肥、悬浮肥同时混用时，通过润湿作用能养分迅速通过植物茎叶瓜果的蜡质层，发挥营养增效作用。
6)该营养增效剂的填料为硅藻土、凹土棒土、高岭土材料，该类材料为网状多孔材料，空隙直径为纳米级，可以吸附营养元素，根据作用根性对养分的需求释放营养成分，有良好的缓释性能。
5)颜色标识，中微量营养增效剂包膜后的肥料，可携带不同颜色(红、氯、黄、蓝等)，既区别于普通肥料，也可以更好的满足用户用肥时的颜色标记要求。
该营养增效剂用于滴灌施肥时，与其他大量元素肥料一起进入作物根系附近，进而被作物根系吸收。
具体实施例
结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述，本发明所用的原料均为现有的，直接市场购买得到。
本发明在于提供一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂及其应用，即一种快速为颗粒肥料或种子提供中微量元素营养成分的方法，具体实施如下。以下实施例中中微量元素营养剂配方均按重量百分比计。
实施案例1
为颗粒重过磷酸钙提供锌和硫元素，目标为：重过磷酸钙+0.8％Zn+1％S(颗粒重过磷酸钙外包裹质量分数为0.8％锌元素和1％的硫元素)
中微量元素营养剂配方：
氧化锌粉末25％+硫磺粉25％+38％水+1％NNO+5％乙二醇+1％糊精+1.5％乙醇+3％膨润土+0.5％亮蓝色素。
包膜步骤：
在圆盘包衣机内，1吨颗粒重过磷酸钙上，加入40公斤的上述中微量元素包膜剂，快速搅均匀，直至所有颗粒重过磷酸钙表面呈现均匀的蓝色，即得到了配方为重过磷酸钙+0.8％Zn+1％S的含中微量元素的颗粒重过磷酸钙产品。
实施案例2
为玉米种子提供硼元素。目标为：玉米种子+0.16％B(在复合肥颗粒外包裹质量分数为0.16％的硼元素)。
中微量元素营养剂配方：
600目氧化硼粉末50％+36％水+5％木质素磺酸钙+3％甘油+1％糊精+1.5％乙醇+3％膨润土+0.5％亮蓝色素。
包膜步骤：
在圆盘包衣机内，1吨玉米种子颗粒上，加入20公斤的上述中微量元素包膜剂，快速搅均匀，直至所有复合肥表面呈现均匀的蓝色，即得到了配方为复合肥+0.16％B的含中微量元素的颗粒复合肥产品。
实施案例3
与水溶肥，尿素硝铵溶液(UAN)一起进入滴灌系统，为作物提供锌和硫元素。目标为： UAN+1.6％Zn+3％S，在尿素硝铵溶液(UAN)混合的使用是的比例是，加入质量分数为UAN的1.6％的锌元素和3％的硫元素。
中微量元素营养剂配方：
氧化锌粉末20％+硫磺粉30％+39％水+2％NNO+2％乙二醇+2％聚乙二醇+1.5％乙醇+3％膨润土+0.5％亮蓝色素。
包膜步骤：
在尿素硝铵溶液(UAN)中加入100公斤的上述中微量元素包膜剂，快速搅均匀，即得到了配方为UAN+1.6％Zn+3％S的含中微量元素的滴灌肥料产品
实施案例4
为水稻叶面喷施提供锌和硫。目标为：水稻喷施0.16％Zn+0.3％S
中微量元素营养剂配方：
氧化锌粉末20％+硫磺粉30％+32％水+3％NNO+5％乙二醇+5％糊精+1.5％乙醇+3％硅藻土+0.5％亮蓝色素。
包膜步骤：
向水稻叶面，使用喷雾器，均匀喷入10公斤的上述中微量元素包膜剂，即为水稻补充了所需的锌营养。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：由38％-75％的中微量元素成分、0.5％-4％的分散剂、0.5％-6％的润湿剂、0.5％-5％的成膜剂、0.5％-5％成膜剂助剂，0.5％-5％的填料、19.5％-40％的水和0.5％-2％的色素组成，各组分混合均匀后产品为流动的乳液，所述的成膜助剂为乙醇或者十二醇酯。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的中微量元素为硫、锌、钙、镁、铁、锰、硼、铜和/或钼中微量元素成分，粒径为325-1500目。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：硫元素为单质硫，其粒径为325-1500目，锌元素为氧化锌，其粒径为325-1500目，硼元素为硼酸或硼砂，其它中微量元素成分钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和钼分别为氧化钙、氧化镁、三氧化二铁、二氧化锰、氧化铜和氧化钼。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的分散剂为木质素磺酸钙、淀粉与木质素磺酸钙的共聚物、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物(NNO)、聚丙烯酸钠中的一种或两种以上混合物。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的润湿剂为乙二醇、甘油或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的成膜剂为糊精、改性淀粉、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂，其特征在于：所述的填料为：膨润土、凹土棒土、硅藻土中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
  8. 一种如权利要求1－7之一所述富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂的应用，其特征在于：将权利要求1－7之一的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于肥料包裹、种子包衣、植物叶面喷施或作物滴灌。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂的应用，其特征在于：所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于肥料包裹具体为：在混合装置内置入肥料，直接 在颗粒肥料或者粉状肥料表面喷涂一层占肥料重量2－10％富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂即可。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂的应用，其特征在于：所述的富含硫锌中微量元素营养增效剂用于种子包衣具体为：在混合设备中加入相应植物的种子，在种子表面喷涂一层占种子重量2－10％富含硫锌中微量元素营养即可。
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