WO2019047546A1 - 一种直流电压协调控制方法 - Google Patents

一种直流电压协调控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047546A1
WO2019047546A1 PCT/CN2018/085842 CN2018085842W WO2019047546A1 WO 2019047546 A1 WO2019047546 A1 WO 2019047546A1 CN 2018085842 W CN2018085842 W CN 2018085842W WO 2019047546 A1 WO2019047546 A1 WO 2019047546A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
active power
inverter
converter
control mode
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PCT/CN2018/085842
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪楠楠
卢宇
董云龙
田杰
曹冬明
李海英
姜崇学
王佳成
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南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to KR1020207004544A priority Critical patent/KR102132580B1/ko
Priority to MX2020002394A priority patent/MX2020002394A/es
Priority to RU2020109724A priority patent/RU2736651C1/ru
Priority to JP2020506327A priority patent/JP6783970B2/ja
Priority to CA3074159A priority patent/CA3074159C/en
Priority to EP18854697.2A priority patent/EP3675307A4/en
Priority to US16/643,472 priority patent/US11190020B2/en
Publication of WO2019047546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047546A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/106Parallel operation of dc sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of flexible direct current transmission of power systems, and particularly relates to a DC voltage coordinated control method.
  • Multi-terminal flexible DC and flexible DC grids are more flexible in operation and reliability than flexible DC transmission at both ends.
  • it can meet grid interconnection, urban grid power supply, multiple wind farms (new energy) interconnection, etc.
  • the increase of the size of the flexible DC system the increase of the number of converters greatly increases the complexity of coordinated control between multiple converters. How to ensure the DC voltage stability of the flexible system becomes a multi-commutation station system is a flexible grid The difficulty of expanding the scale.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a scalable DC voltage coordinated control method, which adopts an upper layer control and a lower layer control together, and the upper layer control ensures the steady state performance of the system, and the lower layer control ensures the transient performance of the system. And stability, in the lower layer control, according to the power setting value of the converter, the operating characteristics of the converter are self-tuned, which avoids the problem that the fixed slope and margin cannot meet all operating conditions, and is suitable for large-scale multi-end straightening systems and softness. Direct grid system.
  • a DC voltage coordinated control method is applied to a multi-terminal flexible direct current transmission system or a flexible direct current power grid system, including a lower layer control, wherein the lower layer control generates an active power command value of the converter according to a control mode of the converter; the commutation
  • the control mode of the device is one of a DC voltage control mode or an active power control mode;
  • Some or all of the inverters of the multi-terminal flexible direct current transmission system or the flexible direct current grid system are configured to be controlled by the lower layer, and the lower layer control of any of the inverters includes the following steps:
  • step 2 according to the DC voltage command and the converter DC voltage deviation to generate the active power command value of the inverter, proceeds to step 1);
  • the active power command value of the inverter is generated, and the process proceeds to step 1).
  • the generating a DC voltage active power curve of the inverter according to the active power setting value of the converter includes the following steps:
  • the limit maximum DC voltage, the maximum DC voltage, the minimum DC voltage, and the limit minimum DC voltage are preset values, determined by system research, and the limit maximum DC voltage ⁇ maximum DC voltage ⁇ minimum DC voltage ⁇ limit minimum DC voltage,
  • the maximum active power of the inverter is the maximum active power when the inverter is operated in the inverter, and the maximum active power of the rectifier is the maximum active power when the converter is rectified, and the maximum active power and the maximum active power of the inverter are determined by the inverter.
  • Systematic research determines;
  • step 4) of the lower layer control the active power command value of the inverter is generated, and the DC power active power curve of the converter is queried, and the active power corresponding to the collected DC voltage of the converter is determined as the commutation current.
  • the active power command value of the device is determined as the commutation current.
  • the active power command value of the inverter is generated according to a deviation between the DC voltage command and the DC voltage of the converter, and the deviation is adopted. After the proportional integral controller, the active power command value of the inverter is obtained.
  • the DC voltage coordinated control method described above is characterized in that it further comprises an upper layer control, wherein the upper layer control adjusts the control mode and the active power setting value of the lower layer control, and includes the following steps:
  • step 1 (2) monitoring the overload state of the inverter in the voltage control mode, transmitting the overload state to the lower layer control of the other converters interconnected with the DC side of the overload converter, and proceeding to step 1); the overload state One of the rectification overload or the inverter overload;
  • the lower layer control further includes the following steps:
  • step a) receiving the switching of the upper layer control to the DC voltage control mode command, proceeds to step b), otherwise proceeds to step 3);
  • step c) switching the converter control mode to the DC voltage control mode, proceeding to step c);
  • step c) receiving the switching of the upper layer control to the active power control mode command, proceeds to step d), otherwise proceeds to step e)
  • step d) switching the converter control mode to the active power control mode, proceeding to step e);
  • step f) receiving the overload state of the upper layer control, when the overload state is the rectification overload and the active power setting value of the converter is the inverter power, the process proceeds to step f), or the overload state is the inverter overload and the When the active power setting value of the inverter is rectified power, proceed to step f), otherwise proceed to step a);
  • step f reducing the active power setting value of the converter according to a preset step size, and proceeding to step a);
  • the DC side interconnection is directly connected to the DC side of the inverter or connected by a DC line.
  • the rectification overload is an overload when the inverter is in the rectification operation
  • the inverter overload is an inverter operation in the inverter operation. There was an overload.
  • the preset step size is determined according to system research, and the value ranges from 0 MW to the maximum active power of the inverter, and the commutation is reduced.
  • the active power setting value of the device reduces the active power setting value of the converter in the direction of reducing the absolute value of the active power setting value of the converter.
  • a DC voltage coordinated control method provided by the present invention avoids the problem that a fixed slope and margin cannot satisfy all operating conditions by self-tuning the operating characteristics of the converter according to the power setting value of the inverter.
  • the lower layer control can ensure the transient performance and stability of the system in the case of communication failure, and the dependence on communication is low, and the power adjustment can be adjusted by the operating personnel in the case of communication failure. Value, to avoid runaway problems when the upper control is lost.
  • a DC voltage coordinated control method provided by the present invention can be controlled only by a partial converter according to the system condition, and is suitable for a large-scale flexible DC system and has scalability.
  • the DC voltage coordinated control method provided by the present invention allocates the active power adjustment amount of each converter according to the standby adjustment capability of the converter, so that the inverter with large standby capacity adjusts more active power, Conducive to maintaining DC voltage stability.
  • a DC voltage coordinated control method provided by the present invention, the adjustment of the operating characteristics of the inverter depends only on the power setting value of the inverter, and the method is simple and reliable.
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the DC voltage active power curve of the converter.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the upper layer control.
  • the control mode and the active power setting value of the lower layer control are adjusted by the upper layer control, and the external operation characteristics of the corresponding converter are adjusted by the lower layer control, including two steps:
  • Step 101 Monitor the control mode state of each converter: when there is no converter in the DC voltage control mode in the DC converter connected to the DC side, no converter in the interconnected system is balanced by the DC voltage control mode. DC power, therefore, according to the preset priority, the switch to the DC voltage control mode command is issued to the inverter with the highest priority; when there are multiple converters in the DC converter of the DC side interconnected, the DC converter is in the DC voltage control mode.
  • the active power control mode command is issued to the inverter in the DC voltage control mode except for the inverter with the highest priority, one and only one inverter in the interconnected system is in the DC voltage control mode. ;
  • Step 102 Monitor the overload state of the inverter in the voltage control mode: send the overload state to the lower layer control of other converters interconnected with the DC side of the overload converter, wherein the overload state is a rectification overload or a reverse One of the overload changes, wherein the rectification overload is an overload when the inverter is in the rectification operation, and the inverter overload is an overload when the inverter is in the inverter operation.
  • the lower layer control adjusts the active power setting value to achieve the adjustment of the external characteristics.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the lower layer control.
  • the lower layer control includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 Receive the switch to the voltage control mode command of the upper layer control, proceeds to step 202, otherwise proceeds to step 203;
  • Step 202 Switch the converter control mode to the DC voltage control mode, and proceed to step 203;
  • Step 203 Receive the switch of the upper layer control to the active power control mode command, proceed to step 204, otherwise proceed to step 205.
  • Step 204 Switch the converter control mode to the active power control mode, and proceed to step 205;
  • Step 205 Receive an overload state of the upper layer control. If the overload state is a rectification overload and the active power setting value of the inverter is an inverter power, the process proceeds to step 206, or the overload state is an inverter overload. When the active power setting value of the inverter is rectified power, proceed to step 206, otherwise proceed to step 207;
  • Step 206 Decrease the active power setting value of the converter according to a preset step size, and proceed to step 207; the preset step size is determined according to system research, and the value ranges from 0 MW to the maximum active power of the inverter. If the step size is 1 MW, the active power setting value is reduced by 1 MW per execution cycle; the reduction of the active power setting value of the converter is reduced in the direction of reducing the absolute value of the active power setting value of the converter.
  • the active power setting value of the current device, the active power setting value is 100MW in the above execution cycle, and the fixed value is the rectification direction, then the active power setting value of the execution cycle is 99MW, and the active power setting value is -100MW in the above execution cycle.
  • the value is the inverter direction, because the active power setting value of this execution cycle is -99 MW because only the size is reduced.
  • Step 207 When the converter control mode is the DC voltage control mode, proceed to step 208, otherwise proceed to step 209;
  • Step 208 generating an active power command value of the inverter according to the deviation between the DC voltage command and the DC voltage of the inverter, and proceeding to step 201; the step of generating the inverter by using the DC voltage controller to control the DC voltage as a target value. Active power command value.
  • Step 209 According to the converter active power setting value to generate the DC voltage active power curve of the converter, proceeds to step 210;
  • Step 210 Generate an active power command value of the inverter according to the DC voltage of the converter and the active voltage curve of the DC voltage of the inverter, and proceed to step 201.
  • the DC voltage of the converter can be used as the interelectrode voltage of the inverter.
  • Steps 201 - 206 may be omitted when upper layer control is not configured.
  • the lower layer control configuration is placed in the inverter control, placed at a lower control level to improve the reliability of the control system.
  • the upper layer control can be configured at any position as needed, control the distributed configuration with the lower layer, and interact with the lower layer control through communication.
  • only the inverter with partial adjustment capability is configured to control the lower layer according to the system condition, and the partial inverter controlled by the lower layer maintains the DC voltage stability.
  • U dmax_abs is the maximum DC voltage
  • U dmax is the maximum DC voltage
  • U dmin_abs is the minimum DC voltage
  • U dmin is the minimum DC voltage
  • P inv_max is the maximum active power of the inverter
  • P rec_max is the maximum active power of the rectifier.
  • the limit maximum DC voltage U dmax_abs can be determined according to the DC overvoltage setting
  • the maximum DC voltage U dmax can be determined according to the highest voltage value during steady state operation
  • the limit minimum DC voltage U dmin_abs can be determined according to the DC low voltage setting value.
  • the minimum DC voltage U dmin can be determined according to the lowest voltage value during steady state operation.
  • the maximum active power P inv_max of the inverter is determined according to the maximum active power when the inverter is operated in reverse, and the maximum active power P rec_max can be converted according to the commutation.
  • the maximum active power at the time of rectification operation is determined, and the above determination is to take an appropriate reliability coefficient.
  • the active power command value of the inverter can be generated.
  • the active power command can be obtained according to the DC voltage active power curve 1 .
  • the value P ref according to the DC voltage active power curve 2, can obtain the active power command value P ref '.
  • the active power setting value is adjusted from P set to P set ', the operating characteristics of the converter are automatically adjusted.
  • P set -P inv_max is the standby adjustment capability when the active power setting value is P set
  • P set '-P inv_max is the standby adjustment capability when the active power setting value is P set '.
  • the active power regulation of each converter can also be allocated according to the standby adjustment capability. The amount of inverters with large spare capacity adjusts more active power to maintain DC voltage stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一种直流电压协调控制方法。该方法应用于多端柔性直流输电系统或柔性直流电网系统,采用下层控制在有功功率控制模式时,根据换流器直流电压和换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,产生换流器的有功功率指令值;还包括上层控制用于调整下层控制的控制模式和有功功率整定值,保证系统的稳态性能。该方法对通讯的依赖程度低,避免了固定的斜率和裕度不能满足所有运行工况的问题,适用于大规模柔性直流系统,具有可扩展性。

Description

一种直流电压协调控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力系统柔性直流输电技术领域,具体涉及一种直流电压协调控制方法。
背景技术
随着电力电子器件和控制技术的进步,柔性直流系统的容量和电压等级越来越高,并向多端和直流电网方向发展。多端柔性直流和柔性直流电网在运行灵活性、可靠性上比两端柔性直流输电更好,在构建大规模柔性直流电网能够满足电网互联、城市电网供电、多个风电场(新能源)互联等具有较大的优势。但随着柔性直流系统规模的增大,换流器数量增加使多换流器间的协调控制复杂程度大大增加,如何保证柔直系统的直流电压稳定性成为多换流站系统是柔直电网规模扩大的难点。
多端柔性直流输电常用的协调控制方法有主从控制、直流电压偏差控制和直流电压裕度控制等,这些控制主要存在对通讯依赖高、斜率和裕度设置复杂等问题,随着柔直系统的规模的增大这些问题更加突出。为了解决这些问题,大规模柔性直流输电系统需要一种可扩展性强的直流电压协调控制策略,实现多换流器的协调控制,保证良好的稳态和暂态性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有可扩展性的直流电压协调控制方法,该方法采用上层控制和下层控制共同实现,由上层控制保证系统的稳态性能,由下层控制保证系统的暂态性能和稳定性,下层控制中根据换流器的功率整定值自整定换流器的运行特性,避免了固定的斜率和裕度不能满足所有运行工况的问题,适用于大规模多端柔直系统和柔直电网系统。
为了达成上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种直流电压协调控制方法,应用于多端柔性直流输电系统或柔性直流电网 系统,包括下层控制,所述下层控制根据换流器的控制模式产生换流器的有功功率指令值;所述换流器的控制模式为直流电压控制模式或有功功率控制模式之一;
所述多端柔性直流输电系统或柔性直流电网系统的部分或全部换流器配置下层控制,任一换流器的下层控制包括如下步骤:
1)该换流器控制模式为直流电压控制模式时,进入步骤2),否则进入步骤3);
2)根据直流电压指令与换流器直流电压的偏差产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤1);
3)根据换流器有功功率整定值产生换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,进入步骤4);
4)根据换流器直流电压和换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤1)。
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,所述下层控制的步骤3)中,所述根据换流器有功功率整定值产生换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线包括如下步骤:
1)根据极限最大直流电压与逆变最大有功功率,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点1;
2)根据最大直流电压与有功功率整定值,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点2;
3)根据最小直流电压与有功功率整定值,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点3;
4)根据极限最小直流电压与整流最大有功功率,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点4;
5)由上述拐点1、拐点2、拐点3、拐点4确定的分段折线产生直流电压有功功率曲线,其中直流电压大于极限最大直流电压时,有功功率为逆变最大有功功率,直流电压小于极限最小直流电压时,有功功率为整流最大有功功率;
所述极限最大直流电压、最大直流电压、最小直流电压和极限最小直流电压为预设值,由系统研究确定,且极限最大直流电压≥最大直流电压≥最小直流电压≥极限最小直流电压,所述逆变最大有功功率为换流器逆变运行时的最大有功功率,所述整流最大有功功率为换流器整流运行时的最大有功功率,所述逆变最 大有功功率和整流最大有功功率均由系统研究确定;
所述下层控制的步骤4)中,所述产生换流器的有功功率指令值为,查询换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,确定采集到的换流器直流电压对应的有功功率作为换流器的有功功率指令值。
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,所述下层控制的步骤2)中,所述根据直流电压指令与换流器直流电压的偏差产生换流器的有功功率指令值为将所述偏差经采用比例积分控制器后得到换流器的有功功率指令值。
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于,还包括上层控制,所述上层控制调整下层控制的控制模式和有功功率整定值,包括如下步骤:
(1)监视各换流器的控制模式状态,当直流侧互联的运行换流器中没有换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,根据预设的优先级,向优先级最高的换流器发出切换至直流电压控制模式命令,当直流侧互联的运行的换流器中存在多个换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,向除了优先级最高的换流器外的其他处于直流电压控制模式的换流器发出切换至有功功率控制模式命令,进入步骤2);
(2)监视处于电压控制模式换流器的过负荷状态,将过负荷状态发送至与过负荷换流器直流侧互联的其他换流器的下层控制,进入步骤1);所述过负荷状态为整流过负荷或逆变过负荷之一;
在包括上层控制时,下层控制还包括如下步骤:
a)接收到上层控制的切换至直流电压控制模式命令,进入步骤b),否则进入步骤3);
b)将该换流器控制模式切换为直流电压控制模式,进入步骤c);
c)接收到上层控制的切换至有功功率控制模式命令,进入步骤d),否则进入步骤e)
d)将该换流器控制模式切换为有功功率控制模式,进入步骤e);
e)接收到上层控制的过负荷状态,过负荷状态为整流过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为逆变功率时,进入步骤f),或者过负荷状态为逆变过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为整流功率时,进入步骤f),否则进入步骤a);
f)按照预设的步长减小该换流器有功功率整定值大小,进入步骤a);
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,上层控制的步骤(1)或(2)中,所述直流侧互联为换流器的直流侧直接连接或者通过直流线路连接。
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,上层控制的步骤(2)中,所述整流过负荷为换流器处于整流运行时出现过负荷,所述逆变过负荷为换流器处于逆变运行时出现过负荷。
上述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,下层控制的步骤f)中,所述预设的步长根据系统研究确定,取值范围为0MW至换流器的最大有功功率,所述降低该换流器有功功率整定值大小,为向降低换流器有功功率整定值绝对值大小的方向降低换流器有功功率整定值。
采用上述方案后,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的一种直流电压协调控制方法,通过根据换流器的功率整定值自整定换流器的运行特性,避免了固定的斜率和裕度不能满足所有运行工况的问题。
(2)本发明提供的一种直流电压协调控制方法,在通讯故障时下层控制能够保证系统的暂态性能和稳定性,对通讯的依赖程度低,在通讯故障时也可由运行人员调整功率整定值,避免上层控制失去时的失控问题。
(3)本发明提供的一种直流电压协调控制方法,可根据系统情况仅部分换流器采用下层控制,适用于大规模柔性直流系统,具有可扩展性。
(4)本发明提供的一种直流电压协调控制方法,根据换流器的备用调节能力分配各换流器的有功功率调节量,使备用能力大的换流器调整更多的有功功率,有利于维持直流电压稳定。
(5)本发明提供的一种直流电压协调控制方法,换流器的运行特性的调整仅依靠换流器的功率整定值,方法简单可靠。
附图说明
图1;上层控制流程图;
图2;下层控制流程图;
图3:换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
附图1为上层控制流程图。在包含上层控制时,由上层控制调整下层控制的控制模式和有功功率整定值,通过下层控制调整对应换流器的运行外特性,包括两个步骤:
步骤101:监视各换流器的控制模式状态:当直流侧互联的运行换流器中没有换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,此时互联的系统中没有换流器采用直流电压控制模式平衡直流功率,因此根据预设的优先级,向优先级最高的换流器发出切换至直流电压控制模式命令;当直流侧互联的运行的换流器中存在多个换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,向除了优先级最高的换流器外的其他处于直流电压控制模式的换流器发出切换至有功功率控制模式命令,保持互联的系统中有且仅有一个换流器处于直流电压控制模式;
步骤102:监视处于电压控制模式换流器的过负荷状态:将过负荷状态发送至与过负荷换流器直流侧互联的其他换流器的下层控制,其中过负荷状态为整流过负荷或逆变过负荷之一,其中整流过负荷为换流器处于整流运行时出现过负荷,逆变过负荷为换流器处于逆变运行时出现过负荷。下层控制在接收到过负荷状态后,调整有功功率整定值实现运行外特性的调整。
附图2为下层控制流程图。直流电压协调控制包含上层控制时,下层控制包括如下步骤:
步骤201:接收到上层控制的切换至电压控制模式命令,进入步骤202,否则进入步骤203;
步骤202:将该换流器控制模式切换为直流电压控制模式,进入步骤203;
步骤203:接收到上层控制的切换至有功功率控制模式命令,进入步骤204,否则进入步骤205
步骤204:将该换流器控制模式切换为有功功率控制模式,进入步骤205;
步骤205:接收到上层控制的过负荷状态,过负荷状态为整流过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为逆变功率时,进入步骤206,或者过负荷状态为逆变过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为整流功率时,进入步骤206,否则进入步骤207;
步骤206:按照预设的步长减小该换流器有功功率整定值大小,进入步骤207;所述预设的步长根据系统研究确定,取值范围为0MW至换流器的最大有功 功率,如选择步长为1MW,则每个执行周期降低有功功率整定值1MW;所述降低该换流器有功功率整定值大小,为向降低换流器有功功率整定值绝对值大小的方向降低换流器有功功率整定值,如上个执行周期时有功功率整定值100MW,该定值为整流方向,则本执行周期的有功功率整定值99MW,如上个执行周期时有功功率整定值-100MW,该定值为逆变方向,因为仅降低大小则本执行周期的有功功率整定值-99MW。
步骤207:该换流器控制模式为直流电压控制模式时,进入步骤208,否则进入步骤209;
步骤208:根据直流电压指令与换流器直流电压的偏差产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤201;该步骤通过采用直流电压控制器,以控制直流电压为目标值产生换流器的有功功率指令值。
步骤209:根据换流器有功功率整定值产生换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,进入步骤210;
步骤210:根据换流器直流电压和换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤201。较优地,换流器直流电压可采用换流器的极间电压。
在未配置上层控制时,步骤201-步骤206可省略。
下层控制配置在换流器控制中,放置在较低的控制层次,提高控制系统可靠性,上层控制可根据需要配置在任何位置,在与下层控制分布式配置,通过通讯与下层控制交互。在大规模柔性直流系统应用中,根据系统情况仅部分具有较强调节能力的换流器配置下层控制,由配置下层控制的部分换流器维持直流电压稳定。
附图3为换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线示意图,结合该图对上述步骤209和210进一步说明。U dmax_abs为极限最大直流电压,U dmax为最大直流电压,U dmin_abs为极限最小直流电压,U dmin为最小直流电压,P inv_max为逆变最大有功功率,P rec_max为整流最大有功功率,均根据系统研究确定。较优地,极限最大直流电压U dmax_abs可根据直流过电压定值确定,最大直流电压U dmax可根据稳态运行时的最高电压值确定,极限最小直流电压U dmin_abs可根据直流低电压定值确定,最小直流电压U dmin可根据稳态运行时的最低电压值确定,逆变最大有功功率P inv_max为根据换流器逆变运行时的最大有功功率确定,整流最大有功功率P rec_max可根据换流器 整流运行时的最大有功功率确定,上述确定为取适当的可靠系数。
当有功功率整定值为P set时,由拐点P1、P2、P3、P4可确定直流电压有功功率曲线1,其中P1=(P inv_max,U dmax_abs),P2=(P set,U dmax),P3=(P set,U dmin),P4=(P rec_max,U dmin_abs);当有功功率整定值为P set’时,由拐点P1、P2’、P3’、P4可确定另一个直流电压有功功率曲线2,其中P1=(P inv_max,U dmax_abs),P2’=(P set’,U dmax),P3’=(P set’,U dmin),P4=(P rec_max,U dmin_abs)。
根据换流器直流电压和换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,可产生换流器的有功功率指令值,如直流电压采样值为U d时,根据直流电压有功功率曲线1可得到有功功率指令值P ref,根据直流电压有功功率曲线2可得到有功功率指令值P ref’。对于同一个换流器,当有功功率整定值由P set调整为P set’时,换流器的运行特性自动进行调整,稳态时P ref=P set以及P ref’=P set’;当出现过压或欠压时时根据备用调节能力改变换流器的功率以维持直流功率平衡,如过压至直流电压U d时,换流器的功率指令值的调节量与换流器的备用调节能力成正比,即:
Figure PCTCN2018085842-appb-000001
其中,P set-P inv_max为有功功率整定值为P set时的备用调节能力,P set’-P inv_max为有功功率整定值为P set’时的备用调节能力。同理,对两个不同的换流器,有功功率整定值分别为P set和P set’时,当出现过压或欠压时,也能够根据备用调节能力分配各换流器的有功功率调节量,使备用能力大的换流器调整更多的有功功率以维持直流电压稳定。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种直流电压协调控制方法,应用于多端柔性直流输电系统或柔性直流电网系统,其特征在于,包括下层控制,所述下层控制根据换流器的控制模式产生换流器的有功功率指令值;所述换流器的控制模式为直流电压控制模式或有功功率控制模式;
    所述多端柔性直流输电系统或柔性直流电网系统的部分或全部换流器配置下层控制,任一换流器的下层控制包括如下步骤:
    1)该换流器控制模式为直流电压控制模式时,进入步骤2),否则进入步骤3);
    2)根据直流电压指令与换流器直流电压的偏差产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤1);
    3)根据换流器有功功率整定值产生换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,进入步骤4);
    4)根据换流器直流电压和换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,产生换流器的有功功率指令值,进入步骤1)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于:所述下层控制的步骤3)中,所述根据换流器有功功率整定值产生换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线包括如下步骤:
    301)根据极限最大直流电压与逆变最大有功功率,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点1;
    302)根据最大直流电压与有功功率整定值,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点2;
    303)根据最小直流电压与有功功率整定值,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点3;
    304)根据极限最小直流电压与整流最大有功功率,确定直流电压有功功率曲线的拐点4;
    305)由上述拐点1、拐点2、拐点3、拐点4确定的分段折线产生直流电压有功功率曲线,其中直流电压大于极限最大直流电压时,有功功率为逆变最大有功功率,直流电压小于极限最小直流电压时,有功功率为整流最大有功功率;
    所述极限最大直流电压、最大直流电压、最小直流电压和极限最小直流电压为预设值,且极限最大直流电压≥最大直流电压≥最小直流电压≥极限最小直流电压,所述逆变最大有功功率为换流器逆变运行时的最大有功功率,所述整流最大有功功率为换流器整流运行时的最大有功功率,所述逆变最大有功功率和整流最大有功功率均由系统设置确定;
    所述下层控制的步骤4)中,所述产生换流器的有功功率指令值为,查询换流器的直流电压有功功率曲线,确定采集到的换流器直流电压对应的有功功率作为换流器的有功功率指令值。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于:所述下层控制的步骤2)中,所述根据直流电压指令与换流器直流电压的偏差产生换流器的有功功率指令值为将所述偏差经采用比例积分控制器后得到换流器的有功功率指令值。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括上层控制,所述上层控制调整下层控制的控制模式和有功功率整定值,包括如下步骤:
    (1)监视各换流器的控制模式状态,当直流侧互联的运行换流器中没有换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,根据预设的优先级,向优先级最高的换流器发出切换至直流电压控制模式命令;当直流侧互联的运行的换流器中存在多个换流器处于直流电压控制模式时,向除了优先级最高的换流器外的其他处于直流电压控制模式的换流器发出切换至有功功率控制模式命令,进入步骤2);
    (2)监视处于电压控制模式换流器的过负荷状态,将过负荷状态发送至与过负荷换流器直流侧互联的其他换流器的下层控制,进入步骤1);所述过负荷状态为整流过负荷或逆变过负荷之一;
    在包括上层控制时,下层控制还包括如下步骤:
    a)接收到上层控制的切换至直流电压控制模式命令,进入步骤b),否则进入步骤c);
    b)将该换流器控制模式切换为直流电压控制模式,进入步骤c);
    c)接收到上层控制的切换至有功功率控制模式命令,进入步骤d),否则进入步骤5)
    d)将该换流器控制模式切换为有功功率控制模式,进入步骤e);
    e)接收到上层控制的过负荷状态,过负荷状态为整流过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为逆变功率时,进入步骤f),或者过负荷状态为逆变过负荷且该换流器的有功功率整定值为整流功率时,进入步骤f),否则进入步骤a);
    f)按照预设的步长减小该换流器有功功率整定值大小,进入步骤a);
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于:上层控制的步骤(1)或(2)中,所述直流侧互联为换流器的直流侧直接连接或者通过直流线路连接。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,其特征在于:上层控制的步骤(2)中,所述整流过负荷为换流器处于整流运行时出现过负荷,所述逆变过负荷为换流器处于逆变运行时出现过负荷。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的一种直流电压协调控制方法,下层控制的步骤f)中,所述预设的步长根据系统研究确定,取值范围为0MW至换流器的最大有功功率,所述降低该换流器有功功率整定值大小,为向降低换流器有功功率整定值绝对值大小的方向降低换流器有功功率整定值。
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