WO2019042507A1 - Procédé de montage ou de démontage d'un élément d'éolienne - Google Patents

Procédé de montage ou de démontage d'un élément d'éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042507A1
WO2019042507A1 PCT/DK2018/050202 DK2018050202W WO2019042507A1 WO 2019042507 A1 WO2019042507 A1 WO 2019042507A1 DK 2018050202 W DK2018050202 W DK 2018050202W WO 2019042507 A1 WO2019042507 A1 WO 2019042507A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
turbine component
nacelle
unmounted
mounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2018/050202
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Riccardo CINGOLANI
Joris KOFMAN
Kim Bredo Rahbek
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems A/S filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems A/S
Publication of WO2019042507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042507A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for mounting or unmounting a wind turbine component.
  • the method of the invention comprises mounting one or more cable guiding structures in an interior part of a nacelle of the wind turbine.
  • wind turbine components e.g. moving drive train components in the nacelle or hoisting or lowering other wind turbine components, such as wind turbine blades, hub, etc.
  • wind turbine components e.g. moving drive train components in the nacelle or hoisting or lowering other wind turbine components, such as wind turbine blades, hub, etc.
  • unmount or dismantle a wind turbine component replace a wind turbine component or perform maintenance or repair on a wind turbine component.
  • EP 1 291 521 Al discloses a wind turbine comprising a nacelle on a tower, the nacelle being provided with an overhead frame from which a generator is suspended. Wind turbine parts being housed by the nacelle can be hoisted and lowered by a ground based winch, using the overhead frame as a bridge to which pulleys are attached.
  • the invention provides a method for mounting or unmounting a wind turbine component of a wind turbine comprising a tower and one or more nacelles mounted on the tower, the method comprising the steps of: mounting one or more cable guiding structures in an interior part of one of the nacelle(s), at least one cable guiding structure comprising one or more pulleys, interconnecting at least one hoisting mechanism and a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted by means of a cable, via at least one of the pulleys of at least one cable guiding structure, moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted using the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s).
  • the invention provides a method for mounting or unmounting a wind turbine component of a wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine comprises a tower and one or more nacelles mounted on the tower. It should be noted that the wind turbine may have only one nacelle mounted on the tower. In this case the nacelle may
  • Such wind turbines are sometimes referred to as 'single rotor wind turbines'.
  • the wind turbine may have two or more nacelles mounted on the tower.
  • Such wind turbines are sometimes referred to as 'multi rotor wind turbines'.
  • the tower may be provided with one or more arms extending from a main tower part, each arm carrying one or more nacelles.
  • the nacelle' should be interpreted to mean the nacelle mounted on top of the tower in the case that the wind turbine is a single rotor wind turbine, and one of the two or more nacelles mounted on the tower in the case that the wind turbine is a multi rotor wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine component being mounted or unmounted could, e.g., be a drive train component, such as a main bearing, a main shaft, a gearbox or a generator, a part of a drive train component, e.g. a stage of a gearbox, etc.
  • the wind turbine component could be a hub, a wind turbine blade, a rotor, or any other suitable kind of wind turbine component.
  • one or more cable guiding structures are initially mounted in an interior part of one of the nacelle(s).
  • the term 'cable guiding structure' should be interpreted to mean a structure which is capable of guiding a cable or a similar structure in order to allow the cable to be arranged along a desired path.
  • At least one of the cable guiding structures comprises one or more pulleys.
  • at least one hoisting mechanism and a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted are interconnected by means of a cable, and via at least one of the pulleys of at least one cable guiding structure. Thereby the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted can be moved by means of the hoisting mechanism and the cable.
  • the cable interconnects the hoisting mechanism and the wind turbine component via at least one of the pulleys of the cable guiding structure(s), the cable follows a path defined by the cable guiding structure(s), and it is allowed to move relative to the cable guiding structure(s), via the pulley(s).
  • the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted is moved using the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s).
  • the cable guiding structure(s) is/are mounted in the interior part of the nacelle as part of the method for mounting or unmounting the wind turbine component, because thereby the cable guiding structure(s) need not be permanently present in the interior part of the nacelle. Accordingly, the cable guiding structures only take up space in the interior part of the nacelle when they are required in order to move a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted. Accordingly, during normal operation of the wind turbine, more space will be available in the interior part of the nacelle.
  • the cable guiding structure(s) is/are mounted in the interior part of the nacelle as part of the mounting or unmounting of the wind turbine component, because there is no need for removing the roof of the nacelle which means a sheltered environment is preserved for the duration of the mounting and or unmounting operations.
  • the step of mounting one or more cable guiding structures in an interior part of the nacelle may comprise attaching the cable guiding structure(s) to a load carrying frame of the nacelle.
  • loads related to the movement of the wind turbine component are at least partly transferred to the load carrying frame of the nacelle, via the cable guiding structure(s).
  • the load carrying frame of the nacelle is normally capable of handling loads of this order of magnitude, and of transferring the loads in an appropriate manner to the tower. Accordingly, it is hereby ensured that the loads related to the movement of the wind turbine component are handled in an appropriate manner, and that no excessive loads are applied to various parts of the wind turbine.
  • the cable guiding structure(s) may advantageously be attached to one or more node points of the load carrying frame of the nacelle, since such node points are very suitable for handling loads in the manner described above.
  • At least two hoisting mechanisms may be connected to the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted by separate cables, and the step of moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted may comprise coordinated operation of the at least two hoisting mechanisms.
  • the combined lifting capability of the at least two hoisting mechanisms can be used for moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted. Thereby even very heavy wind turbine components can be mounted or unmounted, without requiring a hoisting mechanism with a correspondingly high lifting capability.
  • moving the wind turbine component by coordinated operation of two or more hoisting mechanisms, each being connected to the wind turbine component by separate cables allows the wind turbine component to be stabilised during the movement.
  • the attachment points of the two or more hoisting mechanisms at the wind turbine component may be arranged at any two points in a plane coinciding with the direction of gravity and the centre of gravity of the wind turbine component, and not necessarily directly above the centre of gravity.
  • the lifting points may instead be positioned in such a manner that a higher lifting height can be obtained internally inside the nacelle.
  • the at least one hoisting mechanism may be or comprise a winch.
  • a winch is a very simple and low cost hoisting mechanism, and it is therefore an advantage to use a winch for mounting or unmounting a wind turbine component.
  • the winch could, e.g., be arranged in the interior part of the nacelle, adjacent to the nacelle, inside the tower, on the ground, or in any other suitable position.
  • the method may further comprise the step of detaching the wind turbine component to be unmounted from the wind turbine.
  • the step of the detaching the wind turbine component from the wind turbine is, in this case, performed before the step of moving the wind turbine component using the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s), and the step of moving the wind turbine component is performed in such a manner that the wind turbine component is moved in a direction away from a mounting position, thereby unmounting the wind turbine component.
  • the method may further comprise the step of attaching the wind turbine component to be mounted in the wind turbine.
  • the step of attaching the wind turbine component in the wind turbine is, in this case, performed after the step of moving the wind turbine component using the hoisting
  • the step of moving the wind turbine component is performed in such a manner that the wind turbine component is moved towards a mounting position, thereby allowing the wind turbine component to be mounted by attaching it to the wind turbine at the mounting position.
  • the method may further comprise the step of removing the cable guiding structure(s) when mounting or unmounting of the wind turbine component has been completed.
  • the cable guiding structure(s) is/are not mounted in the interior part of the nacelle in a permanent manner, but is/are only mounted in a temporary manner.
  • the cable guiding structure(s) can be mounted when required in order to move a wind turbine component to be moved in order to mount or unmount the wind turbine component, and removed from the nacelle again when the mounting or unmounting of the wind turbine component has been completed.
  • the step of moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted may comprise lowering or hoisting the wind turbine component through a hatch provided in a floor of the nacelle.
  • the wind turbine component in the case that the wind turbine component is being mounted, it may be hoisted from a position on the ground towards the nacelle, and moved into the interior part of the nacelle, via the hatch, by means of the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s).
  • the in the case that the wind turbine component is being unmounted it may be moved out of the interior part of the nacelle, via the hatch, and lowered to a position at the ground, by means of the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s).
  • the method may comprise the step of lowering a wind turbine component as well as the step of hoisting a wind turbine component.
  • the wind turbine component may initially be unmounted by detaching it from the wind turbine and moving it by means of the hoisting mechanism(s) and the cables, including lowering the wind turbine component to a position on the ground.
  • a new wind turbine component which is to replace the wind turbine component which has been unmounted can be moved by means of hoisting mechanism(s) and the cable(s), including hoisting it from a position on the ground towards a mounting position, and attached at the mounting position, thereby mounting the new wind turbine component in the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted may be a drive train component.
  • the term 'drive train component' should be interpreted to mean a component of the wind turbine which forms part of the drive train of the wind turbine.
  • the drive train component could be or form part of a main bearing, a main shaft, a gearbox or a generator.
  • the drive train component could be in the form of one or more stages of a gearbox.
  • the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted may be or form part of a transformer, an electrical cabinet, a hub, a wind turbine blade or any other suitable kind of wind turbine component.
  • the method may further comprise the steps of: mounting one or more sliding rails in an interior part of the nacelle, movably mounting at least one sledge on each sliding rail, - attaching each sledge to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted, and moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted along the sliding rail(s) by means of the sledge(s).
  • At least part of the movement of the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted is performed by moving the wind turbine component along the one or more sliding rails.
  • Each sliding rail may be configured to carry a wind turbine component during movement. Accordingly, when a wind turbine component is moved along the sliding rail(s), the weight of the wind turbine component is carried by the sliding rail(s).
  • the drive train component may be supported by the sliding rail(s) from below, or it may be suspended from the sliding rail(s) .
  • the sliding rail(s) may also be configured to carry an additional wind turbine component which is not currently being moved. For instance, in the case that the wind turbine component being moved is a drive train component, one drive train component may need to be moved before another, desired drive train component can be moved. In this case the first drive train component may be carried by the sliding rail(s), thereby being temporarily 'stored' while the other drive train component is being moved.
  • Each sledge may be movably connected to a sliding rail, and may be configured to be attached to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted.
  • each sledge is able to move relative to the sliding rail to which it is connected. Simultaneously, it is attached to a wind turbine component. Therefore, moving sledges attached to a given wind turbine component relative to the respective sliding rail(s) results in the wind turbine component performing a corresponding movement relative to the sliding rail(s).
  • the wind turbine component is moved along the sliding rail(s) by means of the sledge(s).
  • the relative movement between the sledge and the sliding rail may be a sliding movement, i.e.
  • the sledge may slide along the sliding rail and the sliding rail and the sledge may be provided with corresponding surfaces allowing this sliding movement with little friction.
  • the sledge may comprise one or more wheels arranged in contact with the sliding rail, or the sliding rail may comprise one or more wheels arranged in contact with the sledge. In this case the relative movement between the sledge and the sliding rail may take place via rotation of the one or more wheels.
  • Movement of the sledge relative to the sliding rail may, e.g., be provided by means of one or more hydraulic cylinders, e.g. mounted on or forming part of the sledge.
  • one end of the hydraulic cylinder(s) may be connected to the sliding rail, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder(s) may be connected to the sledge. Contraction and expansion of the hydraulic cylinder(s) thereby provide the relative movement between the sliding rail and the sledge.
  • the sledge may further be provided with a locking mechanism, which facilitates locking of the relative movement between the sliding rail and the sledge.
  • the main direction of movement of a given sledge relative to the sliding rail to which it is connected is preferably defined by an orientation of the sliding rail.
  • the sliding rail(s) may, e.g., be in the form of prismatic members or essentially prismatic members, defining a substantially linear direction.
  • the relative movement between the sledge and the sliding rail may mainly be a substantially linear movement along the substantially linear direction defined by the sliding rail.
  • minor movements of the sledge relative to the sliding rail take place along directions which differ from the
  • the sliding rails are in the form of non-prismatic members.
  • the sliding rails may advantageously be in the form of beams.
  • Each sledge may comprise a guiding part comprising a guiding track, the guiding part being configured to be mounted movably on a sliding rail, and a mating part comprising a protruding part being arranged in engagement with the guiding track of the guiding part, the mating part being configured to be attached to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted, and the method may further comprise the step of adjusting an orientation of the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted relative to the sliding rail(s) by performing relative movements of the guiding part and the mating part, and due to the protruding part of the mating part moving along the guiding track of the guiding part.
  • each sledge is of a kind which comprises a guiding part and a mating part.
  • the guiding part is configured to be mounted movably on a sliding rail, and the mating part is configured to be attached to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted. Furthermore, the guiding part comprises a guiding track, and the mating part comprises a protruding part being arranged in engagement with the guiding track of the guiding part. Thus, the protruding part of the mating part may move relative to the guiding part along a path defined by the guiding track, and thereby the mating part and the guiding part are allowed to perform corresponding movements relative to each other.
  • the wind turbine component Since the mating part is attached to the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted, the wind turbine component is thereby allowed to perform movements relative to the guiding part, corresponding to the path defined by the guiding track. This may be used for changing the orientation of the wind turbine component in the following manner.
  • the guiding part and the mating part may be caused to move relative to each other. Thereby the protruding part of the mating part is forced to move along the path defined by the guiding track of the guiding part.
  • This causes the mating part, and thereby the wind turbine component, to move relative to the guiding part, along the path defined by the guiding track, and this in turn causes a change in orientation of the wind turbine component relative to the sliding rail(s).
  • Causing a protruding part to move along a guiding track is a very simple and reliable way of providing a change in orientation of a wind turbine component.
  • the change in orientation of the drive train component could, e.g., be in the form of a linear movement along a direction being substantially perpendicular to the direction defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the change in orientation of the drive train component could, e.g., be a rotation of the drive train component about a rotational axis defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the change in orientation of the drive train component could, e.g., be a rotation of the drive train component about a rotational axis being substantially perpendicular to the rotational axis defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • The could, e.g., result in a change in inclination of the drive train component relative to the rotational axis defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the step of attaching each sledge to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted may comprise attaching each sledge to an interface portion on the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted.
  • the sledge e.g. a mating part of the sledge, can easily be to the wind turbine to be mounted or unmounted. Furthermore, it is easily ensured that the sledge is attached to the wind turbine component at an appropriate position and with an appropriate relative orientation between the sledge and the wind turbine component.
  • the interface portions may also be used for attaching a sliding rail to the wind turbine component.
  • the sliding rail may be attached directly to the wind turbine component via one of the interface portions.
  • interface portions can be used for attaching a sledge as well as for attaching a sliding rail
  • only one kind of interface portion is required in order to allow a sliding rail to be mounted in the nacelle in a manner which is appropriate in relation to which wind turbine component requires movement, and in order to allow any of the relevant wind turbine components to be attached to one or more sledges in order to move the wind turbine component.
  • the step of mounting one or more sliding rails in an interior part of the nacelle may comprise mounting at least two sliding rails at a position below a centre of gravity of the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted.
  • at least two sliding rails are arranged below the centre of gravity of the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted, e.g. completely below the wind turbine component, thereby allowing a wind turbine component being moved to rest on the sliding rails, i.e. the wind turbine component is supported by the sliding rails from below.
  • At least one of the sliding rail(s) may comprise two or more rail modules being detachably connected to each other along a longitudinal direction of the sliding rail, and the step of mounting one or more sliding rails in an interior part of the nacelle may comprise the steps of: mounting a first rail module of one or more sliding rails on a wind turbine component, and
  • At least one sliding rail may comprise two or more rail modules.
  • the rail modules may, e.g., be detachably connected to each other along a longitudinal direction of the sliding rail.
  • the longitudinal direction of the sliding rail could, e.g., define a direction of linear movement of a wind turbine component.
  • Each rail module may advantageously define a longitudinal direction, and the rail modules may be attached sequentially, one after the other or end to end, along this direction.
  • each sliding rail may be modular, i.e. it may be made from two or more separate pieces which are attached to each other in order to form the sliding rail.
  • the sliding rail(s) in a temporary manner, i.e. the rail modules may be transported to the nacelle and assembled into the sliding rail(s) when movement of a wind turbine component is required, and the sliding rail(s) may be
  • the step of mounting a first rail module may comprise attaching the rail module to an interface portion on the wind turbine component.
  • at least one of the sliding rails may be mounted on a part of the drive train by attaching at least one of the rail modules to a drive train component.
  • a rail module which forms an end of a sliding rail may be attached to a drive train component being arranged at one end of the drive train, e.g. a main bearing housing.
  • the other rail modules may then be attached to this rail module, possibly via other rail modules in the sequence of rail modules described above.
  • the drive train components which are not attached to a rail module, or other wind turbine components, can then be moved along the sliding rail, in the manner described above.
  • One advantage of attaching at least one of the rail modules directly to a drive train component as described above, or to another suitable wind turbine component, is that it is thereby possible to provide an interface portion on the wind turbine component which defines an appropriate orientation of the sliding rail, e.g. with respect to an axis of rotation of the drive train. This reduces the time required for aligning the sliding rails as well as the amount of required adjustments of the orientation of a wind turbine component during movement.
  • some of the drive train components e.g. the main bearing housing, are large and heavy, and are therefore capable of handling substantive loads. It is therefore an advantage to use such a drive train component as an attachment point, and thereby a point of load transfer, for the sliding rail.
  • At least two of the sliding rails may each have one of their rail modules attached to the same drive train component. This provides a symmetric and stable transportation system.
  • the interface portions used for attaching the rail modules on the wind turbine components may be the same interface portions used for attaching a sledge to the wind turbine components.
  • the method may further comprise the step of adjusting an inclination of each sliding rail, prior to moving the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted.
  • the inclination of the sliding rails i.e. the orientation of the substantially linear direction defined by the sliding rails
  • the desired direction of movement could, e.g., be a direction defined by a main shaft of the wind turbine. This is particularly relevant in the case that the wind turbine component is a drive train component.
  • the adjustment mechanism could, e.g., be mechanically operated, such as in the form of a threaded rod, which may be manually operated.
  • the adjustment mechanism may be of a hydraulic kind, e.g. being operated by means of one or more hydraulic pistons.
  • the method may further comprise the step of dismantling the sliding rail(s) when moving of the wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted has been completed.
  • the sliding rails are mounted in the nacelle in a temporary manner.
  • the sliding rails may be present in the nacelle only while they are required in order to mount or unmount a wind turbine component, and when they are no longer required, they are removed from the nacelle. Thereby the sliding rails only take up space inside the nacelle when they are necessary.
  • the method may further comprise the steps of: providing a movable container housing the hoisting mechanism, and arranging the movable container at a lower part of the tower, interconnecting the movable container and at least one anchoring point on the ground by means of at least one tag line, interconnecting the hoisting mechanism and at least one connecting point at the nacelle by means of at least one cable, - hoisting the movable container to a position at a lower part of the nacelle, using the hoisting mechanism and the tag line(s), mounting the movable container at the lower part of the nacelle,
  • the hoisting mechanism is arranged in a movable container, which is initially positioned at a lower part of the tower, e.g. on the ground near the tower.
  • the movable container is then connected to at least one anchoring point on the ground by means of at least one tag line, and the hoisting mechanism, arranged inside the movable container, is connected to at least one connection point at the nacelle by means of at least one cable.
  • the movable container is then hoisted to a position at a lower part of the nacelle, using the hoisting mechanism and the tag line(s).
  • the hoisting mechanism hoists itself, along with the movable container accommodating the hoisting mechanism, from the lower part of the tower towards the nacelle.
  • the movement of the movable container is controlled by means of the tag line(s) interconnecting the movable container and the anchoring point(s) on the ground.
  • the movable container including the hoisting mechanism accommodated therein, is now attached to the lower part of the nacelle.
  • the hoisting mechanism is then connected to a wind turbine component to be mounted or unmounted, and the wind turbine component is moved by means of the hoisting mechanism and the tag line(s), essentially in the manner described above.
  • the wind turbine component may be hoisted towards or lowered from the nacelle.
  • the hoisting mechanism is arranged in the movable container and the movable container is mounted at the lower part of the nacelle, the movable container will be pushed against the lower part of the nacelle during hoisting or lowering of a wind turbine component, and the lower part of the nacelle will therefore provide a counteracting force on the movable container.
  • a separate counterweight on the ground is not required, even in the case that the wind turbine component being hoisted or lowered is very heavy. This is a great advantage, because providing appropriate counterweights at a wind turbine site may be very cumbersome, and it may add considerably to the costs involved in mounting or unmounting a wind turbine component.
  • a further advantage is that the structure of the wind turbine, in particular the structure of the tower, may be dimensioned for stability in high wind situations, these properties being transferred to the hoisting mechanism. This means that the operating window of the crane is relatively large, allowing for the operations to be done at any time without having to worry about the weather window.
  • the hoisting mechanism may comprise at least two winches, and the step of hoisting the movable container may comprise coordinated operation of the winches. As described above, this allows a high total lifting capability to be obtained from smaller, less expensive, hoisting mechanisms. Furthermore, a stable movement of the wind turbine component can be obtained.
  • the invention provides a wind turbine comprising a tower and one or more nacelles mounted on the tower, wherein one or more cable guiding structures is/are mounted in an interior part of the nacelle, at least one cable guiding structure comprising one or more pulleys.
  • the wind turbine according to the second aspect of the invention has already been described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the cable guiding structure(s) may be attached to a load carrying frame of the nacelle. This has also been described in detail above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Figs. 1-29 illustrate a wind turbine and a method according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figs. 30-32 illustrate a sledge for use in a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a single rotor wind turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the wind turbine 1 comprises a tower 2 and a nacelle 3 mounted on the tower 2.
  • the wind turbine 1 further comprises a rotor 4 carrying three wind turbine blades 5.
  • a rail module 6 is in the process of being hoisted towards the nacelle 3 in order to allow the rail module 6 to pass through a hatch 7 formed in a lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • the rail module 6 may, e.g., be hoisted by means of an onboard crane (not visible) arranged in the nacelle 3.
  • Fig. 2 the rail module 6 has been hoisted to the nacelle 3, and is now being handled inside the nacelle 3 by means of an onboard crane 8.
  • the rail module 6 is being moved along a drive train comprising a number of drive train components in the form of a main bearing housing 9, a gearbox 10 and a generator 11.
  • the main bearing housing 9 houses a main bearing which rotatably supports the main shaft of the wind turbine, and the main shaft.
  • the gearbox 10 houses a gear system.
  • the main bearing housing 9 is provided with interface portions 12 configured to have a rail module 6 attached thereto.
  • This allows the rail module 6 to be mounted on the main bearing housing 9 accurately at a desired position and with a desired orientation or inclination with respect to the main bearing housing 9. Furthermore, it allows easy attachment of the rail module 6 to the main bearing housing 9.
  • the gearbox 10 and/or the generator 11 could be provided with similar interface portions, thereby allowing a rail module 6 to be attached to the gearbox 10 or to the generator 11.
  • the interface portions 12 may also be used for attaching a sledge to one of the drive train components 9, 10, 11 in order to move the drive train component 9, 10, 11. This will be described in further detail below. In this case it is only necessary to provide a given drive train component 9, 10, 11 with a single kind of interface portion 12 in order to allow easy attachment of a rail module 6 as well as easy attachment of a sledge to the drive train component 9, 10, 11.
  • the rail module 6 has been bolted to the main bearing housing 9 at the interface portions 12. It can be seen that the orientation or inclination of the rail module 6 is determined by the position and design of the interface portions 12. It can also be seen that the orientation or inclination of the rail module 6 is such that it extends along a direction which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the drive train, i.e. parallel to a direction defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • a second rail module 13 has been hoisted into the nacelle 3 and attached to an end part of the first rail module 6, which is illustrated in Fig. 3. Accordingly, the second rail module 13 is arranged in continuation of the first rail module 6, and the rail modules 6, 13 extend along the same direction.
  • the second rail module 13 is only attached to the first rail module 6, i.e. the second rail module 13 is not attached to the gearbox 10 or the generator 11. Thereby it is possible for the gearbox 10 and the generator 11 to move relative to the rail modules 6, 13. This will be described in further detail below.
  • a third rail module 14 has been hoisted into the nacelle 3 and attached to an end part of the second rail module 13, in a similar manner as the second rail module 13 is attached to the first rail module 6.
  • the three rail modules 6, 13, 14 thereby form a modular sliding rail 15 extending along a direction which is defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the sliding rail 15 is modular, because this allows the rail modules 6, 13, 14 to be provided and handled separately, and assembled to form the sliding rail 15 inside the nacelle 3. For instance, it is thereby possible to pass the rail modules 6, 13, 14 through the service hatch 7 of the nacelle 3, and the rail modules 6, 13, 14 can be handled by the onboard crane 8. Yet, it is still possible to form long sliding rails 15 capable of handling large and heavy drive train components 9, 10, 11, in a manner which will be described below.
  • Fig. 6 it can be seen that a corresponding modular sliding rail 15 has been assembled on the opposite side of the drive train. Thereby the sliding rails 15 extend in parallel on opposite sides of the drive train components 9, 10, 11, and at a level which is below the centre of gravity of the drive train components 9, 10, 11. This allows the drive train components 9, 10, 11 to be supported by the sliding rails 15 from below.
  • a support structure 16 has been arranged between a load carrying structure 17 of the nacelle 3 and end parts of the sliding rails 15 corresponding to free ends of the third rail modules 14.
  • the support structure 16 ensures that the sliding rails 15 are supported on the load carrying structure 17 of the nacelle 3. Accordingly, the sliding rails 15 are each supported at one end by the connection between the first rail module 6 and the interface portion 12 of the main bearing housing 9, and at the opposite end by the support structure 16.
  • Fig. 7 the inclination of the sliding rails 15 is adjusted as indicated by arrows 18. This could, e.g., be in order to ensure that the sliding rails 15 are accurately aligned with the direction defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the adjustment of the inclination could, e.g., take place manually, such as by rotating a threaded rod engaging a mating inner thread.
  • the adjustment mechanism may comprise hydraulic pistons, and the adjustment may be performed by operating the hydraulic pistons.
  • a part of a sledge 19 has been mounted on one of the sliding rails 15.
  • Arrow 20 indicates that the sledge 19 can move along the length of the sliding rail 15, and that the sledge 19 has been pushed onto the sliding rail 15 at its free end.
  • the sledge 19 is provided with a holding part 57 being configured to hold a relative position between a guiding part and a mating part of the sledge 19.
  • a guiding part 21 has been mounted on the sledge 19, the guiding part 21 being provided with a guiding track 22.
  • the guiding track 22 is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sliding rail 15. This will be described in further detail below.
  • the guiding part 21 can be moved with respect to the sledge 19 by means of piston 23.
  • an additional sledge 19, including a guiding part 21, has been mounted movably on the sliding rail 15. Furthermore, two interface portions 24 have been attached to the generator 11, and the sledges 19 have been moved along the sliding rail 15 to positions corresponding to the positions of the interface portions 24.
  • a mating part 25 has been mounted on each of the interface portions 24.
  • Each mating part 25 is provided with a protruding part 26 which is arranged in engagement with the guiding track 22 of the guiding part 21 of one of the sledges 19. Since the mating parts 25 are attached to the interface portions 24 they are fixed relative to the generator 11.
  • the guiding part 21 of one of the sledges 19 When the guiding part 21 of one of the sledges 19 is moved relative to the sledge 19, in particular relative to the holding part 57, by means of the piston 23, the guiding part 21 will also move relative to the corresponding mating part 25. This will cause a corresponding relative movement between the guiding track 22 and the protruding part 26 engaging the guiding track 22. This will cause the protruding part 26 to follow the path defined by the guiding track 22. Since the guiding track 22 is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the sliding rail 15, the movement of the protruding part 26 along the guiding track 22 differs from a linear movement along the sliding rail 15. Thereby the orientation of the generator 11 can be adjusted by performing relative movements between the guiding parts 21 and the sledges 19.
  • the holding part 57 ensures that no relative movements between the guiding part 21 and the mating part 25 take place whenever such relative movements are not desired. Thereby it is ensured that a given relative position between the guiding part 21 and the mating part 25, and thereby a given orientation if the generator 11, can be maintained.
  • the generator 11 will be tilted in such a manner that a rotational axis defined by the generator 11 is tilted relative to the direction defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine. If the guiding parts 21 of both of the sledges 19 shown in Fig. 11 are moved in the same direction while the guiding part 21 of one or more similar sledges arranged on the opposite sliding rail 15 (not visible in Fig. 11) is not moved or is moved in an opposite direction, then the generator 11 will be rotated about an axis defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine.
  • the generator 11 will be moved in a translational manner in an upwards or downwards direction.
  • the generator 11, or one of the other drive train components 9, 10 can be adjusted with respect to six degrees of freedom by means of only three sledges 19, two of the sledges 19 being arranged on one side of the drive train component 9, 10, 11, as shown in Fig. 11, and the third being arranged on the opposite side of the drive train components 9, 10, 11.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates part of the floor 17 of the nacelle 3 being removed, as indicated by arrow 27. This is in order to allow drive train components 9, 10, 11 to pass through a lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • FIG. 13 two cable guiding structures 29 have been mounted on a load carrying frame 30 of the nacelle 3.
  • Each cable guiding structure 29 is provided with three pulleys 31 arranged for receiving and guiding a cable.
  • cables 32 have been mounted on the pulleys 31 of the cable guiding structures 29, and are lowered through the lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • the cables 32 could, e.g., be in the form of tag lines.
  • one end of each cable 32 may be connected to a hoisting mechanism, such as a winch.
  • Fig. 15 one of the cables 32 has been connected to a hoisting mechanism at one end and to an eyelet 33 formed on the cable guiding structure 29 at the other end. This allows the hoisting mechanism to hoist itself towards the nacelle 3.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a situation similar to the situation illustrated in Fig. 11. However, in Fig. 16 the generator 11 has been detached from the gearbox 10, and thereby from the rest of the drive train. Accordingly, the generator 11 is now carried by the sledges 19 and the sliding rail 15, and it is possible to move the generator 11 relative to the main bearing housing 9 and the gearbox 10, by means of the sledges 19.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a situation similar to the situation illustrated in Fig. 11. However, in Fig. 16 the generator 11 has been detached from the gearbox 10, and thereby from the rest of the drive train. Accordingly, the generator 11 is now carried by the sledges 19 and the sliding rail 15, and it is possible to move the generator 11 relative to the main bearing housing 9 and the gearbox 10, by means of
  • the generator 11 is in the process of being moved away from the main bearing housing 9 and the gearbox 10 as indicated by arrow 34.
  • the generator 11 is moved along the sliding rails 15 due to the sledges 19 sliding along the sliding rails 15. Since the sliding rails 15 are essentially aligned with a direction defined by the main shaft of the wind turbine, the generator 11 is moved essentially along this direction.
  • Fig. 18 the movement of the generator 11 along the sliding rails 15 has been completed, and the generator 11 has thereby been moved to a position where it is free of the gearbox 10, i.e. it is no longer connected to the rest of the drive train.
  • the cables 32 have been connected to the generator 11 via connecting parts 35. Thereby the generator 11 is connected to the hoisting mechanism, via the cables 32.
  • Fig. 19 the generator 11 has been lifted upwards, as indicated by arrow 36, by means of the hoisting mechanism and the cables 32. Thereby the protruding part 26 of the mating part 25 of each sledge 19 has been moved out of engagement with the guiding track 22 of the guiding part 21.
  • the generator 11, with the mating parts 25 attached thereto is now free to move relative to the guiding parts 21.
  • the sledges 19, along with the guiding parts 21, have been moved along the sliding rails 15, away from the mating parts 25, as indicated by arrows 37.
  • the mating parts 25 are in the process of being removed from the interface portions 24, as indicated by arrows 38. This will allow the generator 11 to pass the sliding rails 15 in a downwards direction.
  • Fig. 21 is a perspective view of the wind turbine 1 which was also illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • a container 39 accommodating a hoisting mechanism (not visible) is arranged on the ground next to the tower 2, i.e. at the base of the wind turbine 1.
  • An anchoring point 40 is also provided on the ground in the vicinity of the wind turbine 1.
  • a tag line 41 interconnects a cable 32, which is attached to the hoisting mechanism inside the container 39, and the anchoring point 40, via a connecting point in the nacelle 3.
  • the tag line 41 could, e.g., have been lowered from the nacelle 3.
  • the connecting point could, e.g., form part of a cable guiding structure as illustrated in Figs. 13-20 and described above.
  • the cable 32 is hoisted towards the nacelle 3, as indicated by arrows 42.
  • the cable 32 may be attached to a cable guiding structure, as illustrated in Fig. 15 and described above.
  • the hoisting mechanism accommodated in the container 39 is connected to the cable guiding structure, via the cable 32.
  • Fig. 22 shows the container 39 where two cables 32 have been hoisted to the nacelle and a third cable 32 is in the process of being hoisted towards the nacelle.
  • the container 39 will be connected to the nacelle via all three cables 32, and the container 39 is thereby ready to be hoisted towards the nacelle by means of the hoisting mechanism accommodated in the container 39.
  • Fig. 23 the container 39 is in the process of being hoisted towards the nacelle 3 by means of the hoisting mechanism accommodated in the container 39 and the cables 32.
  • two tag lines 41 are provided which connect the container 39 to anchoring points 40 on the ground.
  • the container 39 is hoisted towards the nacelle 3 in such a manner that mounting interfaces 43 formed on the container 39 are moved into contact with corresponding mounting interfaces 44 formed on the lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • a locking mechanism will lock the interfaces 43, 44 together, thereby attaching the container 39 to the lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • a hatch 7 formed in the lower part of the nacelle 3 has been opened, and the generator 11 can be seen through the opening which is thereby formed in the lower part of the nacelle 3.
  • the generator 11 has been detached from the drive train and is connected to the hoisting mechanism accommodated in the container 39 via the cables 32. Thereby the generator 11 can be lowered towards the ground by means of the hoisting mechanism accommodated in the container 39.
  • the container 39 will stem against the lower part of the nacelle 3, and the nacelle 3 thereby performs the function of a counterweight. Accordingly, a separate counterweight is not required in order to lower the generator 11 towards the ground. This is a great advantage, because the costs involved with replacing a heavy drive train component can thereby be reduced considerably.
  • Fig. 26 illustrates the generator 11 being lowered towards the ground through the opening formed in the lower part of the nacelle 3, as indicated by arrow 45.
  • Fig. 27 shows the generator 11 being lowered towards the ground by means of the hosting mechanism accommodated in the container 39.
  • the movement of the generator 11 is controlled by means of two tag lines 41, each being connected to an anchoring point 40 on the ground.
  • Fig. 28 shows the generator 11 being loaded onto a truck 46. The movements of the generator 11 are still controlled by means of the tag lines 41.
  • Fig. 29 shows an alternative embodiment in which the generator 11 is lowered towards the ground by means of two ground based winches 47 instead of by means of a hoisting mechanism accommodated in a container.
  • the movements of the generator 11 are controlled partly by means of two tag lines 41, and partly by appropriately controlling operation of the two ground based winches 47 in dependence of each other.
  • Figs. 30-32 show the sledges 19 described above in further detail.
  • Fig. 30 is a perspective view of two sledges 19 mounted movably on a sliding rail 15.
  • Each sledge 19 comprises a guiding part 21 and a mating part 25 mounted on a drive train component, e.g. in the form of a gearbox 10.
  • the guiding part 21 is provided with a guiding track 22, and the mating part 25 is provided with a protruding part 26 which is arranged in engagement with the guiding track 22 of the guiding part 21.
  • a hydraulic piston 23 is arranged for providing relative movements between the guiding part 21 and the mating part 25 along a direction defined by the sliding rail 15.
  • Fig. 31 is a side view of the sledges 19 of Fig. 31.
  • Arrows 48 illustrate the relative movement between the protruding part 26 and the guiding track 22 of one of the sledges 19 as a consequence of operation of the hydraulic piston 23.
  • One of the sledges 19 is provided with two hydraulic pistons 49 which are used for moving the sledge 19 along the sliding rail 15. This takes place in the following manner.
  • the hydraulic pistons 49 are each arranged in engagement with one of a number of recesses 50 formed in the sliding rail 15.
  • One of the hydraulic pistons 49 is then operated in order to move the sledge 19 as indicated by arrows 51.
  • one of the hydraulic pistons 49 is moved into engagement with another one of the recesses 50 while the other hydraulic piston 49 remains engaged with the recess 50, before one of the hydraulic pistons 49 is once again operated in order to move the sledge 19 further along the sliding rail 15.
  • one of the hydraulic pistons 49 is once again operated in order to move the sledge 19 further along the sliding rail 15.
  • the other sledge 19 is provided with an alternative moving mechanism comprising a toothed gear wheel 52 arranged the sledge 19 and a toothed rack 53 arranged on the sliding rail 15.
  • a toothed gear wheel 52 arranged the sledge 19 and a toothed rack 53 arranged on the sliding rail 15.
  • the sledge 19 can be moved along the sliding rail 15 as indicated by arrows 51 by rotating the gear wheel 52 while it engages the toothed rack 53.
  • Fig. 32 is a top view of one of the sledges 19 of Figs. 30 and 31. It can be seen from Fig. 32 that the sledge 19 is provided with an additional hydraulic piston 54 which causes relative movements of the guiding part 21 and the mating part 25 along the direction indicated by arrows 55, thereby allowing the position and/or the orientation of the gearbox 10 to be adjusted along this direction.
  • a spherical joint 56 is provided in the protruding part 26 of the mating part 25. This allows the protruding part 26 and the portion of the mating part 25 which is attached to the drive train component to perform relative movements. This, in turn, allows the guiding part 21 and the mating part 25 to move freely relative to each other when the hydraulic pistons 23, 54 are operated. Accordingly, it is possible to adjust the position and/or the orientation of the gearbox 10 with respect to six degrees of freedom.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de montage ou de démontage d'un élément d'éolienne (9, 10, 11) d'une éolienne (1) comprenant une tour (2) et une ou plusieurs nacelles (3) montées sur la tour (2). Une ou plusieurs structures de guidage de câble (29) comprenant une ou plusieurs poulies (31) sont montées dans une partie intérieure de l'une des nacelles (3). Au moins un mécanisme de levage et un élément d'éolienne (9, 10, 11), devant être monté ou démonté, sont reliés au moyen d'un câble (32) par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une des poulies (31) d'au moins une des structures de guidage de câble (29). L'élément d'éolienne (9, 10, 11) devant être monté ou démonté est déplacé à l'aide du mécanisme de levage et du câble (32).
PCT/DK2018/050202 2017-08-29 2018-08-20 Procédé de montage ou de démontage d'un élément d'éolienne WO2019042507A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DKPA201770644 2017-08-29
DKPA201770644 2017-08-29

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WO2019042507A1 true WO2019042507A1 (fr) 2019-03-07

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4047205A1 (fr) 2021-02-19 2022-08-24 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Système de toit coulissant pour une nacelle
EP3676493B1 (fr) * 2017-08-29 2023-03-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Éolienne dotée d'un système de transport pour déplacer des composants de chaîne cinématique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100011575A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2010-01-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method of replacing wind turbine equipment
DE102010016840A1 (de) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Eickhoff Antriebstechnik Gmbh Montagevorrichtung
WO2012079575A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Outil et procédé pour le déplacement d'un composant de transmission d'éolienne
EP2835335A1 (fr) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Procédé et système de remplacement de composant de turbine éolienne
EP3026263A1 (fr) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Agencement pour hisser un composant d'éolienne

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100011575A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2010-01-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method of replacing wind turbine equipment
DE102010016840A1 (de) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Eickhoff Antriebstechnik Gmbh Montagevorrichtung
WO2012079575A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Outil et procédé pour le déplacement d'un composant de transmission d'éolienne
EP2835335A1 (fr) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Procédé et système de remplacement de composant de turbine éolienne
EP3026263A1 (fr) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Agencement pour hisser un composant d'éolienne

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3676493B1 (fr) * 2017-08-29 2023-03-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Éolienne dotée d'un système de transport pour déplacer des composants de chaîne cinématique
EP4047205A1 (fr) 2021-02-19 2022-08-24 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Système de toit coulissant pour une nacelle
WO2022174970A1 (fr) 2021-02-19 2022-08-25 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Système de toit coulissant pour une nacelle

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