WO2019042399A1 - Procédé et système d'égalisation de batterie, véhicule, support d'informations, et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'égalisation de batterie, véhicule, support d'informations, et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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WO2019042399A1
WO2019042399A1 PCT/CN2018/103469 CN2018103469W WO2019042399A1 WO 2019042399 A1 WO2019042399 A1 WO 2019042399A1 CN 2018103469 W CN2018103469 W CN 2018103469W WO 2019042399 A1 WO2019042399 A1 WO 2019042399A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
value
equalization
soc
equalized
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PCT/CN2018/103469
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
刘苑红
张祥
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019042399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042399A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of control technologies, and in particular, to a battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium, and electronic device.
  • a vehicle power battery generally consists of a plurality of single cells connected in series to form a module. With the use of the battery, the difference between the individual cells gradually expands, and the consistency between the cells is poor. Due to the short board effect of the battery, the capacity of the battery pack is limited, so that the capacity of the battery pack cannot be fully exerted, resulting in the battery pack. The overall capacity is reduced. On the other hand, the gradual enlargement of the differences between the individual cells will cause over-charging of some single cells, over-discharge of some single cells, affecting battery life, damaging the battery, and possibly generating a large amount of heat to cause the battery. Burning or exploding.
  • the effective balanced management of the electric vehicle power battery is beneficial to improve the consistency of each battery in the battery pack, reduce the battery capacity loss, extend the service life of the battery and the driving range of the electric vehicle, which is of great significance.
  • the battery pack is balancedly managed, and the battery information of each single battery in the battery pack is usually collected in real time, and then according to the collected battery information, it is determined whether there is a need for the single battery to be balanced, and when there is a need for a single battery to be balanced.
  • Balance the cells that need to be balanced. In the process of equalizing the single cells, if the equalization time of the single cells is too long, it will increase the inconsistency of each single cell in the battery pack in which it is located, resulting in lower equalization efficiency; if the equalization time of the single cells If it is too short, it will not reach the balance effect. Therefore, how to accurately determine the equalization time of the unit cells that need to be balanced is a problem to be solved.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a battery equalization method, where the method includes:
  • the equalization of the cells to be equalized is controlled according to the target equalization duration.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a battery equalization system, including:
  • Equalization module acquisition module and control module
  • the collecting module is configured to: acquire an SOC value of a single battery to be equalized in the battery group;
  • the control module is configured to: obtain a reference SOC value required for equalization, and determine a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized unit battery according to the SOC value of the to-be-equalized unit battery and the reference SOC value;
  • the equalization module is configured to: equalize the to-equalize cells according to the target equalization duration.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect of the present application.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
  • One or more processors for executing a program in the computer readable storage medium.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides a vehicle including: a battery pack and the battery equalization system according to the second aspect of the present application.
  • the target equalization time of the single cell to be equalized is determined, and then the cell balancing needs to be performed according to the determined target equalization time length. balanced. Since the target equalization time period based on the equalization process is calculated according to the difference between the SOC value of the unit cell to be equalized and the reference SOC value, it is more accurate, thereby making the equalization process more accurate and avoiding the equilibrium time being too long. Or too short a situation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single cells share an equalization module according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization system in which two single cells share an equalization module according to another embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the OCV-SOC curve of a single cell.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery internal resistance model according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery equalization system includes a control module 101, an acquisition module 102, an equalization module 103, and a battery pack 104.
  • each unit cell corresponds to one acquisition module 102 and one equalization module 103.
  • the acquisition module 102 and the equalization module 103 corresponding to the same single cell are respectively connected to the control module 101 through different control channels.
  • the control module may include a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are in one-to-one correspondence with the two channels.
  • control module 101 controls the collection module 102 and the equalization module 103 to be turned on and off according to the unit cycle, respectively, to collect battery information and equalize the battery, so that battery information collection and equalization are performed in a time-sharing manner. Avoid the impact of equalizing current on the accuracy of battery information collection when battery information acquisition and equalization are performed simultaneously.
  • each of the cells in the battery is coupled to an acquisition module 102 and an equalization module 103, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single cells, there are N acquisition modules 102 and N equalization modules 103. Thus, the control module 101 passes through 2 ⁇ N control channels, respectively, with N acquisition modules and N equalization modules. connection.
  • different single cells may share an equalization module, for example, N single cells in a battery pack, may share the same equalization module, or each preset number (eg, 2, 3, or 5 equal) single cells share an equalization module and the like.
  • the equalization module and each of the at least two single cells that need to be equalized are equalized during the equalization period of the unit period.
  • the batteries are connected alternately.
  • two single cells share an equalization module.
  • the equalization module is alternately connected with each cell during an equalization period of a unit cycle. Alternate connections may be alternate connections at a certain period. For example, referring to FIG. 2, when the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to one of the two single cells 111 is closed for 2 s under the control of the control module 14, the other of the two cells The parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to the unit cell 111 is disconnected for 2 s under the control of the control module 14.
  • the parallel switch 150 on the parallel branch 15 corresponding to each of the two single cells, in the equalization period switches from the closed state to the open state every two seconds, or from the disconnected state. Switch to the closed state. Therefore, on the basis of the time-division of the acquisition module and the equalization module, during the equalization period, the single cells sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module to achieve equalization.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery equalization system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery equalization system includes a control module 301, an acquisition module 302, an equalization module 303, and a battery pack 304.
  • the battery pack 304 includes a plurality of unit cells connected in series.
  • the control module 301 is connected to the acquisition module 302 and the equalization module 303 corresponding to the same single cell through a control channel 305.
  • the control module is configured to connect the control control module to the corresponding sampling module when it is determined that the single battery connected to the control module does not need to be equalized; or the control module is further configured to determine the requirement of the single battery connected to the control module
  • the acquisition module and the equalization module time-multiplex the channel 305 according to the unit period.
  • One unit period includes: an acquisition period and an equalization period.
  • the control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to sample the battery information of the single battery during the collection period to obtain the battery information of the single battery.
  • the battery information includes at least one of the following: voltage, current, temperature, and the like.
  • the battery information may include only voltage values, whereby voltage performance parameters of the single battery may be obtained.
  • the battery information may also include a voltage value, a current value, a temperature value, and the like, thereby obtaining performance parameters such as SOC, internal resistance, and self-discharge rate of the single battery.
  • the control module 301 determines, according to the battery information of the single battery collected by the collection module 302, the cell to be equalized that needs to be balanced.
  • the control module 301 controls an equalization module corresponding to the to-be-equalized unit cell to balance the cells to be equalized during the equalization period.
  • the acquisition module and the equalization module share the same control channel, and the control module controls the acquisition module and the equalization module, and the control channel is time-multiplexed according to the unit period, thereby avoiding battery information collection and equalization.
  • the control module controls the acquisition module and the equalization module, and the control channel is time-multiplexed according to the unit period, thereby avoiding battery information collection and equalization.
  • the influence of the equalization current on the accuracy of the battery information collection on the other hand, compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 above, the number of channels of the control module chip is reduced, and the hardware cost can be saved.
  • control channel or channel described in the embodiment of the present application refers to a transmission path of the control command of the control module 301 to the execution end (the acquisition module 302 and the equalization module 303).
  • a switch K is provided in the control channel shared by the acquisition module and the equalization module.
  • the control module 301 is connected to the switch K, and the time-sharing is connected to the acquisition module 302 or the equalization module 303 by controlling the switch K.
  • the control module 301 controls the acquisition module 302 to collect battery information for the single battery during the collection cycle.
  • the control module 301 controls the equalization module 303. The corresponding single cells are equalized.
  • each of the cells in the battery is connected to an acquisition module 302 and an equalization module 303, respectively. If the battery pack includes N single cells, the number of the acquisition modules 302 is N, and the equalization module 303 is N. Thus, the control module 301 is respectively connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module through N control channels.
  • different single cells may share an equalization module, for example, N single cells in a battery pack, may share the same equalization module, or each preset number (eg, 2, 3, or 5 equal) single cells share an equalization module and the like.
  • the equalization module and each of the at least two single cells that need to be equalized are equalized during the equalization period of the unit period.
  • the batteries are connected alternately.
  • an exemplary schematic diagram of sharing an equalization module for two single cells is shown.
  • the equalization module is alternately connected with each unit cell during the equalization period of the unit period. Alternate connections may be alternate connections at a certain period. Therefore, on the basis of the time-division of the acquisition module and the equalization module, during the equalization period, the single cells sharing the same equalization module are alternately connected with the shared equalization module to achieve equalization.
  • the acquisition module can be a voltage acquisition chip for collecting the voltage of the single battery during the acquisition period.
  • the battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
  • step S51 the SOC value of the battery cells to be equalized in the battery pack is acquired
  • step S52 a reference SOC value required for equalization is obtained
  • step S53 determining a target equalization duration of the to-be-equalized unit battery according to the SOC value of the unit cell to be equalized and the reference SOC value;
  • step S54 the equalization of the cells to be equalized is controlled according to the target equalization duration.
  • step S51 will be described.
  • the method of calculating the SOC value includes a first calculation mode and a second calculation mode, the first calculation mode corresponding to intervals (0, SOC1) and (SOC2, 100%), the second calculation mode Corresponding to the interval (SOC1, SOC2);
  • step S51 includes:
  • the SOC value determined according to the first calculation manner belongs to the interval (SOC1, SOC2)
  • the SOC value of the single battery is re-determined according to the second calculation manner.
  • the first calculation manner is a manner in which the single battery calculates the SOC value last time.
  • the first calculation manner is an ampere-hour integration method or an ampere-hour integration combined with a voltage correction method
  • the second calculation method is an ampere-hour integration method and an ampere-hour integration combined with a voltage correction method and the first calculation Different ways of calculation.
  • the ampere-time integration method refers to the SOC value of the single-cell battery obtained by integrating the current value of the collected single-cell battery with time; the ampere-hour integral combined with the voltage correction method first calculates the SOC value of the single-cell battery by using the ampere-hour integral method. Then, the calculated SOC value is corrected by the load voltage value of the single cell, and the corrected SOC value is used as the final SOC value of the single cell.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery.
  • the variation of the OCV value of the single cell is small. Therefore, the SOC value of the single cell cannot be accurately calculated by using the OCV value during the OCV platform period, and thus the cell that needs to be balanced cannot be accurately determined.
  • the OCV value is an open circuit voltage value of the single cell, which is different from the load voltage value.
  • the battery internal resistance model is used, and the single battery is equivalent to an ideal voltage source in series with the resistor R. Then, for a single cell, the sampled voltage value V L (ie, the load voltage value) of the single cell can be converted into an open circuit voltage value according to formula (1):
  • V L is a load voltage value collected by the acquisition module during the acquisition period
  • I is a discharge current or a charging current collected by the acquisition module during the acquisition period
  • R is an internal resistance value of the single battery.
  • the internal resistance of the single cell can be preset.
  • the internal resistance of the unit cell may be determined based on the voltage and capacity of the unit cell.
  • the internal resistance value of the unit cell is determined according to the correspondence relationship between the voltage, the capacity, and the internal resistance value of the unit cell. It should be understood that other battery models, such as the Thevenin model, the PNGV model, etc., may be used to convert the load voltage of the collected single cells into an open circuit voltage.
  • the voltage collected at the moment when the cell to be balanced stops working and reaches a steady state, or the battery just starts to work is itself an open circuit voltage or can be approximated as an open circuit voltage, so in this case
  • the OCV value of the unit cell to be equalized can be directly collected.
  • the voltage collected when the battery to be referenced stops working and reaches a steady state, or the battery just starts to work is itself an open circuit voltage or can be approximated as an open circuit voltage, so in this case, The OCV value of the reference battery is obtained directly.
  • OCV value load voltage value + battery internal resistance * battery charging current or discharge current
  • the internal resistance of the battery and the battery charging current or discharge current are constant. Therefore, the difference between the OCV value and the load voltage value is also constant. When the variation of the OCV value is small, the variation of the load voltage value is constant. Also small.
  • the present application proposes that the SOC value is not calculated by the ampere-hour integral combined with the voltage correction method during the OCV platform period, and the SOC value is calculated by the ampere-hour integral method, thereby avoiding the adoption of the OCV platform period.
  • the time integral combined with the voltage correction method calculates the SOC value and causes the calculated SOC value to be inaccurate.
  • the present application also considers that the OCV value varies greatly during the non-OCV platform period.
  • the variation of the OCV value of the single cell in the interval [0, SOC1] and [SOC2, 1] Larger. Therefore, in the non-OCV platform period, the use of the ampere-hour integral combined with the voltage correction method is more accurate than the ampere-time integration method. Therefore, the present application proposes to calculate the SOC value of the single-cell battery using the OCV value during the non-OCV platform period.
  • the application divides the range of the SOC value of the single battery into three intervals: the first interval, the second interval, and the third interval, and the second interval is the OCV platform period corresponding to
  • the SOC section is, for example, the [SOC1, SOC2] section in FIG. 6; the first section and the third section are SOC sections corresponding to the non-OCV platform period, for example, the [0, SOC1] section and [SOC2, 1 in FIG. ].
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes that the SOC value of the single battery is calculated by the ampere-hour integration method in the SOC interval corresponding to the OCV platform period, and the SOC value of the single battery is calculated by using the ampere-hour integral and the voltage correction method in the SOC interval corresponding to the non-OCV platform period.
  • the OCV is an Open Circuit Voltage and the SOC is a State of Charge.
  • the SOC value of the battery can be calculated by adjusting the real-time voltage of the battery (in this case, the load voltage). Because the rate of change of the battery voltage is small in the second interval, the accuracy of calculating the SOC value by introducing the voltage variable is not high, so the SOC value can be directly calculated by the ampere-time integration method. In this way, it is possible to further determine how to obtain the SOC value of the single cell for the difference in the SOC value interval of the single cell, so that the obtained SOC value of the single cell is relatively accurate, thereby making the determined need Balanced single cells are also more accurate.
  • the battery SOC value can also be calculated by using an open circuit voltage method, that is, the voltage value of the battery is collected (the equivalent is an open circuit voltage value), and the OCV-SOC correspondence can be checked. Calculate the battery SOC value.
  • the SOC value of the single cell is calculated by using any one of the hourly integration method and the ampere-hour integration combined with the voltage correction method, and the calculation method adopted at this time is the first calculation. the way. Then, it is determined whether the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC interval corresponding to the OCV platform period. If the calculated SOC value does not belong to the SOC interval corresponding to the OCV platform period, the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC interval corresponding to the non-OCV platform period.
  • the SOC value of the single battery is recalculated according to the ampere-hour integral combined with the voltage correction method, optionally, In this case, if the SOC value of the single battery is calculated again, the hourly integration combined with the voltage correction method may be used as the first calculation method; if the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC interval corresponding to the OCV platform period, the calculated calculation is performed. The SOC value is accurate, and there is no need to recalculate the SOC value of the single battery. Alternatively, in this case, if the SOC value of the single battery is calculated again, the ampere-hour integration method can be used as the first calculation method.
  • the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC interval corresponding to the non-OCV platform period, and if the calculated SOC value does not belong to the SOC interval corresponding to the non-OCV platform period, the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC corresponding to the OCV platform period.
  • the use of the ampere-time integration method is more accurate than the ampere-hour integration combined with the voltage correction method, so the SOC value of the single battery is recalculated according to the ampere-hour integration method, optionally, in this case
  • the ampere-hour integration method may be used as the first calculation method; if the calculated SOC value belongs to the SOC interval corresponding to the non-OCV platform period, the calculated SOC value is accurate. There is no need to recalculate the SOC value of the single battery.
  • the ampere-hour integration combined with the voltage correction method can be used as the first calculation method.
  • the reference SOC value may be the SOC value of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack, for example, the SOC value of the single battery cell having the largest SOC value in the battery pack, or the single battery cell having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack.
  • the reference SOC value may also be calculated according to the SOC value of each single battery in the battery pack, for example, the average value of the SOC values of the individual cells in the pool group, or the SOC value in the battery pack is ranked in the middle.
  • the average of the SOC values of the two single cells for the case where the battery pack includes an even number of single cells).
  • the target equalization time of the unit to be equalized is determined according to the SOC value of the unit cell to be equalized and the reference SOC value, and is not limited to the following two determination methods:
  • the first method of determination includes the following steps:
  • the second method of determination includes the following steps:
  • the correspondence between the SOC difference value and the target equalization time length is obtained by measurement. After obtaining the SOC difference between the SOC value of the cell to be equalized and the reference SOC value, the correspondence between the SOC difference value and the target equalization time length is queried, and the target equalization time length can be determined.
  • the process of equalizing the cells that need to be equalized is different depending on the reference SOC value.
  • the reference SOC value is the minimum value, the maximum value, and the average value among the SOC values of the respective unit cells in the battery pack.
  • the discharge of the cells to be equalized is controlled in accordance with the target equalization period.
  • the reference SOC value is the minimum value among the SOC values of the individual cells in the battery pack
  • only the SOC value of the single cell having the largest SOC value in the battery pack may be made to be different from the reference SOC value, thereby further It is judged whether the single cell having the largest SOC value in the battery pack is a single cell that needs to be balanced.
  • Such an embodiment can only determine if a single cell requires equalization.
  • the SOC value of the other cells other than the cell battery having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack may be used, and the reference The SOC value is poor, and it is judged whether the battery cells other than the single cell having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack are the single cells that need to be balanced.
  • This embodiment is a batch judgment method, and it is possible to determine at a time whether the single battery other than the single battery cell having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack is a single battery that needs to be balanced.
  • the process of equalizing the cells that need to be equalized is: passive equalization is used regardless of whether the battery pack is in a charged state or a discharged state. , discharge the battery cells that need to be balanced.
  • the charging of the cells to be equalized is controlled in accordance with the target equalization time.
  • the reference SOC value is the maximum value among the SOC values of the individual cells in the battery pack
  • only the SOC value of the single cell having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack may be made to be different from the reference SOC value, thereby further It is judged whether the single cell in the battery pack having the smallest SOC value is a single cell that needs to be balanced.
  • Such an embodiment can only determine if a single cell requires equalization.
  • the SOC value of the other cells other than the cell having the largest SOC value in the battery pack can also be referred to
  • the SOC value is poor, and it is judged whether the battery cells other than the single cell having the smallest SOC value in the battery pack are the single cells that need to be balanced.
  • This embodiment is a batch judgment method, and can determine at a time whether the battery cells other than the single cell having the largest SOC value in the battery pack are single cells that need to be balanced.
  • the process of equalizing the cells that need to be equalized is: active equalization regardless of whether the battery pack is in a charged state or a discharged state. Charge the battery cells that need to be balanced.
  • the reference SOC value is an average value of the SOC values of the individual cells in the battery pack, according to the target equalization time length, when the SOC value of the to-be-equalized unit battery is greater than the reference SOC value, controlling the The unit battery is discharged, and when the SOC value of the unit to be balanced is less than the reference SOC value, the unit battery is controlled to be charged.
  • the SOC value of each of the single cells in the battery pack may be made different from the reference SOC value, thereby determining each of the battery packs. Whether the single cell is a single cell that needs to be balanced.
  • This embodiment is a batch judgment method, and can determine at a time whether each single battery in the battery pack is a single battery that needs to be balanced.
  • the process of equalizing the cells that need to be equalized is: whether the battery pack is in a charged state or a discharged state,
  • the single cell in the bulk battery with the SOC value greater than the average value adopts passive equalization, and discharges the single cell in which the SOC value of the single cell that needs to be equalized is greater than the average value; and the SOC value in the single cell that needs to be equalized is less than
  • the single cells of the average value are all actively balanced, and the single cells in which the SOC value is smaller than the average value in the cell to be balanced are charged.
  • the self-discharge rate of the single cell is used to characterize the capacity loss and capacity loss rate of the single cell.
  • the open circuit voltage value V1 of each battery cell of the battery pack is detected and recorded; when the battery pack starts again to start working (time t2), Detecting and recording the open circuit voltage value V2 of each unit battery of the battery pack; calculating the self-discharge rate ⁇ of each unit battery according to the open circuit voltage values of the individual cells obtained by the two tests, and calculating the self-discharge rate value ⁇ is :
  • the voltage change rate of the unit cell may be a voltage change amount when the unit of the specified physical quantity of the unit cell is changed.
  • a predetermined amount of power is charged or discharged to a single battery, a voltage variation (dv/dq) of the single battery, or a preset time for charging or discharging the single battery, and a voltage change of the single battery.
  • the amount (dv/dt) is taken as an example for explanation.
  • the rate of change in the amount of electricity (dq/dv) of the unit cell may be the amount of change in the amount of electricity when the unit of the specified physical quantity of the unit cell changes.
  • the amount of charge required to increase the voltage of the unit cell by one unit voltage from the initial voltage, or the amount of decrease in the voltage of the unit cell from the initial voltage by one unit voltage will be described as an example.
  • the time change rate (dt/dv) of the unit cell may be the length of time required for the unit change of the specified physical quantity of the unit cell.
  • the charging time required for the voltage of the unit cell to rise by one unit voltage from the initial voltage or the discharge time required for the voltage of the unit cell to decrease by one unit voltage from the initial voltage will be described as an example.
  • the corresponding equalization determination method in Table 1 is used to determine the single cell in the battery pack that needs to be balanced.
  • control module may not operate, so that the equalization module corresponding to any battery is not turned on.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equalization module according to an embodiment of the present application. Controlling the cells to be equalized for equalization needs to be performed in conjunction with the above-described equalization judgment. According to the steps of the equalization judgment, it is determined that the equalization mode of the cells to be balanced is passive equalization (ie, discharging the cells to be equalized), or active equalization (ie, charging the cells to be equalized), and turning on the corresponding equalization module. .
  • the equalization module includes: a resistor 811, each of which corresponds to an equalization module, that is, a resistor is connected in parallel with each end of each unit cell.
  • the control module controls parallel circuit conduction between the cell to be equalized and its corresponding resistor to perform passive equalization of the cell.
  • the control module is turned on by controlling the switch module 812 to realize conduction of a parallel circuit between the cell to be equalized and its corresponding resistor.
  • the resistor 811 can be a fixed value resistor or a variable resistor.
  • the resistor 811 can be a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, which can be varied with temperature, thereby adjusting the equalization current generated during equalization, thereby automatically adjusting the heat generation of the battery equalization system, and finally The temperature of the battery equalization system is effectively controlled.
  • the equalization module includes a charging branch 94 connected in parallel with each of the unit cells 95 in the battery pack.
  • the charging branch 94 is in one-to-one correspondence with the unit cells 95, and each charging branch 94 is provided. Both are coupled to a generator 92 that is mechanically coupled to the engine 91 via a gear.
  • the control module controls the charging branch 94 corresponding to the battery to be equalized to be turned on for the unit to be balanced that needs to be actively equalized.
  • the generator 92 is driven to generate electricity, so that the electric power generated by the generator 92 is supplied to the unit cells to be equalized, so that the electric quantity of the unit to be equalized is increased.
  • the equalization module when the generator 92 is an alternator, the equalization module further includes a rectifier 93 in series with the generator 92, each of the charging branches 130 being connected in series with the rectifier 132. After the alternating current generated by the generator 92 is converted to direct current by the rectifier 93, the generator 92 can be enabled to charge the individual cells to be equalized.
  • control module can be turned on by controlling the switch 96 corresponding to the cell to be balanced, so that the charging branch corresponding to the cell to be balanced is turned on, and the active equalization of the cell to be equalized is performed.
  • the battery to be equalized in addition to charging the single battery with the generator as shown in FIG. 8, the battery to be equalized can also be charged by the starting battery in the vehicle.
  • the battery to be equalized in addition to the parallel resistor and the unit cell to be balanced, as shown in FIG. 8, the battery to be equalized can be connected in parallel with the starting battery of the vehicle, and the battery to be balanced can be charged. The battery is activated to achieve equalization of the cells to be balanced while effectively avoiding waste of energy.
  • a plurality of single cells can share one equalization module.
  • the equalization module and the Each of the at least two single cells that need to be balanced is alternately connected and equalized separately.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, where computer program instructions are stored, and the program instructions are implemented by the processor to implement the battery balancing method described above.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including: the foregoing computer readable storage medium; and one or more processors, for executing a program in the computer readable storage medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'égalisation de batterie comprenant : l'obtention de valeurs de SOC de cellules devant être égalisées dans un bloc-batterie (104) ; l'obtention de valeurs de SOC de référence requises pour l'égalisation ; la détermination, en fonction des valeurs de SOC des cellules devant être égalisées et de la valeur de SOC de référence, d'une durée d'égalisation cible des cellules devant être égalisées ; et la commande, en fonction de la durée d'égalisation cible, de l'égalisation des cellules devant être égalisées. La durée d'égalisation cible sur laquelle le processus d'égalisation est basé est calculée en fonction des différences entre les valeurs de SOC de cellules devant être égalisées et les valeurs de SOC de référence, et la durée d'égalisation est par conséquent plus précise, ce qui rend le processus de durée d'égalisation également plus précis de manière à éviter que la durée d'égalisation ne soit trop longue ou trop courte. L'invention concerne également un appareil d'égalisation de batterie, un véhicule, un support d'informations et un dispositif électronique.
PCT/CN2018/103469 2017-08-31 2018-08-31 Procédé et système d'égalisation de batterie, véhicule, support d'informations, et dispositif électronique WO2019042399A1 (fr)

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