WO2019038335A1 - Système de génération d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de génération d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019038335A1
WO2019038335A1 PCT/EP2018/072683 EP2018072683W WO2019038335A1 WO 2019038335 A1 WO2019038335 A1 WO 2019038335A1 EP 2018072683 W EP2018072683 W EP 2018072683W WO 2019038335 A1 WO2019038335 A1 WO 2019038335A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magneto
power
matching
generating system
load
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/072683
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Sach
Original Assignee
Smidsy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1713652.4A external-priority patent/GB201713652D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1717867.4A external-priority patent/GB201717867D0/en
Application filed by Smidsy Ltd filed Critical Smidsy Ltd
Priority to EP18762796.3A priority Critical patent/EP3673559A1/fr
Publication of WO2019038335A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019038335A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1407—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle on vehicles not being driven by a motor, e.g. bicycles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J6/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices on cycles; Mounting or supporting thereof; Circuits therefor
    • B62J6/01—Electric circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magneto matching system for bicycles and bicycles including that system.
  • dynamos to power their various components including lighting.
  • These dynamos are generators that normally generate AC so are more properly called alternators or magnetos. They generate electricity by the relative motion of wires, normally in the form of a coil, and a magnetic field. The magnetic field may be produced by a permanent magnet or other coils. This invention can be applied to magnetos or other AC generators.
  • any AC power source for example the mains or a magneto is connected to a load the power transferred from source to load depends on the voltage the current and the power factor.
  • the power transferred to a load is the product of the voltage the current and the power factor.
  • the power factor is the cosine of the angle between the AC voltage and current.
  • the maximum value of the power factor is 1 and this occurs when the load is purely resistive.
  • the power factor of a load may be improved by power factor correction.
  • the impedance of the load to be corrected has both resistive and reactive components. Power factor correction is achieved by cancelling the reactive component of the load by adding a reactive component of opposite sign such as a capacitor or an inductor.
  • the added reactive component would need to vary with bicycle speed and hence magneto frequency.
  • variable reactive components of suitable value are not practical for these low frequencies.
  • Use of one or more fixed value components is also cumbersome and is a compromise.
  • a method of peak power matching the magneto to the load over a suitable frequency range without needing a variable reactance is sought. This forms the subject of the present application.
  • the present invention aims to provide solutions to the problems identified in the previous section.
  • a typical magneto as used on a bicycle has 10 or more poles to generate a convenient frequency from the relatively slow rotation of the bicycle wheels.
  • the frequency generated at a minimum stable cycling speed of 8KPH will typically be around 15 Hz and a typical touring speed will be 16KPH giving 30Hz.
  • the typical bike magneto will have an internal leakage inductance of about 0.12 Henry and a resistance of about 4 Ohms. It can thus be seen that even at 15Hz the reactance of the inductor is about 3 times the resistance. Thus, at all practical bike speeds the power output of the magneto is limited by its internal reactance by a factor of 3 or more.
  • the objective of this invention is to null out all or part of this internal reactance by presenting to the magneto a suitably matched load. This increases the power output significantly.
  • Such a capacitor would need to be AC rated and hence bulky. It would also need to vary with frequency to keep the resonance it forms with the internal inductance of the magneto tuned to the varying frequency of the magneto as the bike varies in speed.
  • This application takes a different approach. If one examines what a capacitor is doing in this situation it is absorbing power at some points in each cycle of the magneto, storing that energy, and then returning that power to the magneto at other points in the cycle. If, in the above situation, one looks at the load and the capacitor in combination they form a system that absorbs power at some points in the cycle and returns a portion of that power at other points in the cycle, the balance being the output power. Thus, if one designs an active load that mimics the situation one would have if one fitted a capacitor one can achieve the same effect without the capacitor.
  • a key aspect of this is that energy from the magneto must be stored in some way and returned to the magneto at specific times. By adjusting the timing and amount of energy transferred each way one can emulate the effects of a variable capacitor and adjust that emulated variable capacitance to optimise the power transfer at varying frequencies and bike speeds.
  • the bike's power needs vary. It may or may not be running lighting, charging a battery, or have any other varying power demands.
  • a sophisticated control system would not adjust the simulated capacitor to maximise the power generated. It would adjust the simulated capacitor to match the amount of power generated to the needs of the bike at that time. This avoids generating heat due to surplus generating capacity at higher bike speeds. It also reduces the load on the pedals by not wasting power produced by the cyclist.
  • Embodiments of the present invention have shown that it is possible to at least double the power output of the magneto at low bike speeds where otherwise there would be insufficient power to maintain lighting. Even greater gains are possible at higher speeds.
  • An embodiment of this invention may consist of a synchronous DC to AC converter where the DC side is connected to a battery or other energy storage device such as an electrolytic capacitor or supercapacitor.
  • the AC side is connected to the magneto.
  • the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the AC output of the synchronous converter are adjusted to present at all times the same instantaneous voltage to the magneto as would be present if it was loaded by an ideal value capacitor and resistive load.
  • Synchronous DC to AC converters can be made using modern components with very high efficiencies and power can flow in both directions. Power would thus flow into the AC side of the converter as it would a conventional load.
  • the DC power output passed through the synchronous converter is taken from the energy storage device.
  • Another embodiment of this invention would be to replace the synchronous DC to AC converter with an H-bridge.
  • the magneto is connected to the centre of the H-bridge.
  • the top and bottom rails of the H-bridge are connected to the energy storage device which may be some type of capacitor or a battery.
  • An H-bridge is the same structure as a bridge rectifier with the diodes of the bridge rectifier replaced with switches. These switches may be transistors.
  • the transistors should have a suitable switching speed and low on resistance. Commonly the transistors may be Field Effect Transistors (FETS).
  • FETS Field Effect Transistors
  • Such FETS typically have body diodes which function even when the transistors are off and provide a fall-back bridge rectifier action. Thus, even if the transistors are all off the magneto will provide some power to the energy storage device. This enables the system to start from a fully discharged state.
  • a control system should monitor the voltage and current flowing through the H-bridge. If this is done while the transistors in the H-bridge are off then the frequency and phase of the magneto can be determined. The control system can then turn on the transistors with appropriate timings so as to modify the phase of the currents flowing through the magneto.
  • the transistors could use a variable mark space ratio to approximate a sine wave current in the magneto. However, it is possible to switch the H-bridge transistors at the same frequency as the magneto and thereby run the system using a square wave rather than a sine wave. Since the magneto has a large inductive component the harmonics of the square wave have negligible effect and can be ignored. One does not need to exactly emulate a capacitor to achieve the desired effect.
  • phase lock If for whatever reason phase lock is lost the system can turn off the transistors to allow the phase lock to be reacquired using voltage measurements.
  • Phase locking can be achieved by several means including by measuring the real and quadrature components of the magneto current and thus determining the relative phase angle of the magneto and the H-bridge. Current can alternatively be measured in the DC output of the H-bridge rather than at the magneto.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram for a magneto matching system according to an embodiment of the present invention using an H-bridge.
  • Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment using an H-bridge.
  • the magneto is shown as the box containing V1 , L1 , and R1.
  • L1 and R1 represent the internal resistance and leakage inductance of the magneto.
  • V1 represents a perfect magneto which generates the same open circuit AC voltage as the real magneto would do at the same bike speeds but has no internal resistance or leakage inductance.
  • the box represents the key electrical characteristics of the real-world magneto.
  • D1 through D4 form a Bridge rectifier. If switches S1 through S4 remain off then the illustrated system would function as a conventional generator and bridge rectifier providing DC power at the output, shown relative to ground. The output need not be grounded and would typically be the ground plane of the control system.
  • C1 represents an energy storage device. It could be an electrolytic capacitor, a super capacitor a rechargeable battery or any other energy storage mechanism.
  • the output may be connected to other energy storage systems and voltage converters such that C1 need not store all the energy and could be omitted.
  • R2 is a small value resistor which the control system uses to continuously measure the instantaneous current flow.
  • the control system also continuously monitors the instantaneous voltage across the output of the physical magneto.
  • the control system controls the timing of the switching of switches S1 through S4 to approximately emulate the equivalent effects of placing a suitable value resonant AC capacitor in series with the leakage reactance L1. This cancels out some or all the impedance of L1 increasing the power delivered to the output.
  • the system is run with the switches turned off and the control system monitors the voltage across the magneto. From this the control system derives the frequency and phase of the magneto. The control system phase locks to the waveform from the magneto. It will be noted that when the switches are all off there is a pattern every cycle of times when the diodes D1 through D4 are in a forward conducting state. Consider the case where the controller turns on each switch S1 through S4 only during the moments in the cycle that D1 through D4 would have been forward conducting. The result is that the energy losses in the diodes D1 through D4 are eliminated but otherwise the situation is largely unchanged.
  • the timings of the switches need to be adjusted to maintain the correct power flow. Due to the emulated resonance effect the voltage generated will vary with frequency. Ideally a switching regulator will convert this voltage to that needed by the systems of the bike. Ideally the switching regulator will be controlled to harvest the power from the output of the diagram at the optimum voltage so as to match the impedance of the virtual Node P. Note that in effect the virtual Node P is realised as the physical connections to the magneto since the physical capacitor is emulated within the H-bridge.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de génération d'énergie destiné à une bicyclette en vue de fournir de l'énergie à une charge, le système de génération d'énergie comprenant une magnéto; et un système de commande comprenant une unité d'adaptation de magnéto permettant d'adapter une impédance de la magnéto à la charge.
PCT/EP2018/072683 2017-08-24 2018-08-22 Système de génération d'énergie WO2019038335A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18762796.3A EP3673559A1 (fr) 2017-08-24 2018-08-22 Système de génération d'énergie

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1713652.4 2017-08-24
GBGB1713652.4A GB201713652D0 (en) 2017-08-24 2017-08-24 Magneto matching method and apparatus
GB1717867.4 2017-10-30
GBGB1717867.4A GB201717867D0 (en) 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Power-generating system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019038335A1 true WO2019038335A1 (fr) 2019-02-28

Family

ID=63452623

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/072683 WO2019038335A1 (fr) 2017-08-24 2018-08-22 Système de génération d'énergie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3673559A1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI783028B (fr)
WO (1) WO2019038335A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7802318A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-09-04 Hazemeijer Bv Bicycle or scooter lighting system - has inductive internal impedance of generator with series capacitor forming resonance circuit at low wheel speeds
US4860176A (en) * 1986-03-13 1989-08-22 Frank Bauwens Lighting device for vehicle
US20130113283A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Charging and distribution control

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1095778C (zh) * 1999-09-27 2002-12-11 谢斌辉 自行车磨电灯
JP3963634B2 (ja) * 2000-05-17 2007-08-22 三洋電機株式会社 自転車用ハブダイナモ及び自転車
JP4145839B2 (ja) * 2004-06-29 2008-09-03 株式会社シマノ 自転車用変速システム及び自転車
TWI359765B (en) * 2008-08-28 2012-03-11 Hsuan Chang Chiang Power generation bicycle and the application there
CN201283940Y (zh) * 2008-09-26 2009-08-05 久裕交通器材(深圳)有限公司 发电花鼓
WO2010145663A1 (fr) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-23 Reelight Aps Générateur à induction pour une bicyclette
JP2013090559A (ja) * 2011-10-17 2013-05-13 Tamio Miki 浮体物の回転による発電

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7802318A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-09-04 Hazemeijer Bv Bicycle or scooter lighting system - has inductive internal impedance of generator with series capacitor forming resonance circuit at low wheel speeds
US4860176A (en) * 1986-03-13 1989-08-22 Frank Bauwens Lighting device for vehicle
US20130113283A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Charging and distribution control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TWI783028B (zh) 2022-11-11
EP3673559A1 (fr) 2020-07-01
TW201924178A (zh) 2019-06-16

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