WO2019033889A1 - 一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品 - Google Patents

一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019033889A1
WO2019033889A1 PCT/CN2018/096092 CN2018096092W WO2019033889A1 WO 2019033889 A1 WO2019033889 A1 WO 2019033889A1 CN 2018096092 W CN2018096092 W CN 2018096092W WO 2019033889 A1 WO2019033889 A1 WO 2019033889A1
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Prior art keywords
watermark
brightness
mesh
paper
area
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PCT/CN2018/096092
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王平
王艳英
朱西赏
李新民
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保定钞票纸业有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
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Priority to CN201880045174.6A priority Critical patent/CN110869555B/zh
Publication of WO2019033889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019033889A1/zh
Priority to PH12020550053A priority patent/PH12020550053A1/en

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a paper preparation method capable of controlling the brightness of a watermark and a paper product with a highlight watermark, and belongs to the technical field of paper product preparation.
  • the conventional watermark is formed on the net cage of the balanced dehydration only by the undulations of the mesh surface, and the watermark cannot exhibit the highlight feature.
  • the white watermark is a commonly used form of watermark, which refers to a common watermark formed by performing a conventional network pressing operation on the watermark network, and its brightness is relatively low.
  • the highlight feature of the high-light white watermark is that the anti-counterfeit material which is not dehydrated is added to the area corresponding to the white watermark on the cage, thereby realizing the highlight effect.
  • this kind of watermark can only be expressed in the form of lines.
  • the area of the high-gloss white watermark becomes larger, the paper has the risk of penetrating, and there can only be one highlight level.
  • the gray-scale watermark adds a layer to the bright color layer on the basis of the white watermark, but there can only be one layer. This bright color can extend the line to the surface and can be combined with the highlight line to form two Bright color level.
  • black watermarks can also be combined in the gray-scale watermark, thus forming 3-4 clear gray levels.
  • the gray-scale watermark is characterized by the fact that these 3-4 gray levels appear in a flat effect with no gradient effect.
  • the planar effect means that there can be only one level of brightness (or gray level) in the same area of the watermark pattern, and no change can occur.
  • CN102268841A discloses a security paper containing a single-level grayscale step watermark, and a watermark pattern with a crane gradient as a theme in the drawing of the specification shows a grayscale step watermark with four gray gradients, wherein The body and wings are bright gray, the outline of the body is white, and the body and wings of the crane are only bright gray, and there is no change. This is the plane effect.
  • the technical solution of the patent is to form a watermark by welding a metal piece, and the pursuit of the planar brightness of the watermark and the sharpness of the edge can only achieve a single layer feature in the watermark, without considering the brightness in the same region of the same watermark. Changes, the multi-layer features of the watermark cannot be achieved.
  • pixel watermark and VISION watermark have some changes in watermark brightness: firstly, pixel watermark, the brightness of this watermark can achieve high-light white watermark effect, and the area of watermark is also made from line to surface. Expansion. After the expansion, some black pixels are formed in the watermark, and these pixels thus form one of the main features of the watermark.
  • the pixel watermark is generally expressed in a planar form.
  • the VISION watermark also improves the planar form, but the pixel points are still prominent on the multi-level watermark, and the naked eye can clearly recognize.
  • Both of these watermarks are bonded to the surface of the cage by a separate watermarking device, which is costly to produce and difficult to manufacture.
  • the pixels on the appearance of the watermark cannot be removed. In portraits and other watermarks that require delicate expression, such black pixels can become an effect.
  • the present invention provides a paper preparation method capable of controlling the brightness of a watermark and a paper product with a highlight watermark.
  • the preparation method controls the brightness of the finally obtained watermark by adjusting the retention amount of the pulp fibers in a predetermined region of the watermark net to form a watermark having a higher brightness.
  • the present invention provides a paper preparation method capable of controlling the brightness of a watermark by adjusting the pore size and pore distribution of the mesh of the watermark network to control the retention of pulp fibers in the corresponding area during the papermaking process. And controlling the brightness of the corresponding region of the watermark in the paper obtained by the papermaking.
  • the "control" of the present invention can improve the brightness of different regions of the watermark, so that different regions of the watermark are contrasted in brightness to reflect a better watermark effect. For example, the brightness of the bright color area of the watermark is increased, and the brightness of the brighter area of the watermark is increased, the increasing range is successively decreased as the brightness is decreased, and the dark area is kept unchanged, thereby increasing the contrast contrast of the watermark brightness to reflect Watermark HD highlighting effect.
  • Increasing the brightness is the brightness of the multi-level watermark formed relative to the pressure net, up to the brightness of the high-light white watermark.
  • the method of the invention can make the area of the watermark brighter brighter (relative to the brightness of the corresponding area of the multi-level watermark formed by the pressure net), and the brightness thereof is improved, and The progressive relationship of dark to bright (ie, the gray value is from low to high, the brighter the gray value is), the brightness difference can be greatly increased step by step, and the darkest area in the watermark can remain unchanged (when the brightness is raised, Since the contrast of the watermark is enhanced, the darker-changing area will appear darker.)
  • This method of regulating the size of the mesh and the distribution of the mesh enables the watermark to reach a highly contrasting hierarchical state.
  • the method of the invention is realized by a pressure netting method, and the watermark version adopted by the pressure net is divided into a yin and ayang sleeve pair mold, and the watermark net is stamped to make a bending change of the mesh surface in the mold, wherein the dehydration of different areas of the watermark network needs to be controlled.
  • sexuality the dehydration of the mesh surface in the highlight watermarking area is different from other areas of the cage. It is mainly reflected in the area based on the mesh surface. The smaller the dehydration of the mesh surface, the brighter the watermark, the individual areas can be Dehydrated to achieve the brightest.
  • controlling the brightness of the watermark in the paper obtained by the papermaking comprises: making the brightness of the area where the watermark is brighter in the prepared paper is higher than the brightness of the corresponding area when the multi-layer watermark is formed by the network pressing method, that is, It is higher than the brightness that can be achieved when the multi-layer watermark is prepared according to the corresponding pattern by using the pressure net. From the brightness point of view, the brightness of the watermark brightened area of the prepared paper is brighter than the white watermark, and the high light white can be achieved. The brightness of the watermark.
  • the area having the same brightness or gray value is regarded as a rank, and at least the brightness of the area where the brightness is in the first position is higher than that of the multi-layer watermark formed by the pressure net.
  • the brightness of the area can also have more parts of the brightness than the corresponding area of the multi-layer watermark formed by the pressure network.
  • the watermark has a brightness change from dark to bright, that is, a multi-level watermark effect is formed.
  • the brightness of the watermark can be controlled as needed. For example, for a watermark pattern with 5 regions, it can have 5 levels of brightness, which reflects the change of brightness, so that contrasts between different regions are displayed, and It can make the brightness of different regions have a high brightness difference, which reflects the high contrast effect of the watermark gray level, enhances the expressive power of the watermark, and displays the content and visual effect of the watermark pattern.
  • the brightness change of the watermark is based on a grayscale artwork (ie, an artwork that reflects image content by grayscale), and is formed according to a light and dark relationship of the shape, structure, light, and natural color of the image.
  • a gradation effect with a sense of volume and space means that the visible object represented on the plane can give a three-dimensional sense of occupying a three-dimensional space.
  • the sense of space refers to the distance, the virtual and real relationship between objects in the painting according to the principle of perspective, so that it conveys a deep three-dimensional space feeling on the plane.
  • different regions of the formed watermark have different brightnesses, and the change in brightness is a gradation transition gray scale.
  • the brightness of the watermark can vary, not just one.
  • the watermark with the highlight effect is significantly increased than the color level of the watermark formed by the traditional press net.
  • the watermark can include a large number of gray steps from light to dark, which is formed by the general pressure net.
  • the watermark contrast can be greatly improved, mainly due to the improvement of the brightness of the bright area.
  • the composition of the light and dark in the watermark is based on the sketch relationship representing the shape of the watermark image, and the high contrast effect is reflected in the watermark.
  • the invention can better reflect the stereoscopic effect of the watermark pattern by gently transitioning the gray scale, for example, the image with more details and more difficult to be represented as the watermark pattern, and the method of the invention can improve the brightness. At the same time, it reflects the three-dimensionality of the character's avatar.
  • adjusting the pore size of the mesh of the watermark network means reducing the pore area of the mesh.
  • the area reduction here also includes the case where the pores are completely closed.
  • the pore area is reduced, the remaining pulp fibers will be reduced.
  • the brightness of the corresponding region of the watermark will be increased, that is, the larger the pores of the watermark mesh, the corresponding position of the watermark in the paper obtained. The lower the brightness; the smaller the aperture of the mesh of the watermarking net, the higher the brightness of the corresponding position of the watermark in the paper produced by the papermaking.
  • adjusting the pore distribution of the mesh of the watermark net means that the pore size of the plurality of cells in the predetermined area is adjusted according to the needs of the watermark pattern.
  • the amount of dehydration in the bright color region of the watermark can be controlled, and the brightness can be improved by controlling the amount of dehydration in the bright region in the watermark (reducing the amount of dehydration) (the amount of dehydration in the dark region can be maintained. Change, the brightness also remains unchanged), the purpose of contrast improvement.
  • the predetermined area refers to an area in the watermark pattern that needs to be subjected to brightness control, and the area corresponds to a certain area of the watermark network, and the larger the total aperture area of the mesh in the area, the watermark in the paper obtained by the papermaking The lower the brightness of the corresponding position, the smaller the total pore area of the mesh in the area, and the higher the brightness of the corresponding position of the watermark in the paper produced.
  • the effect of the watermark pattern can be exhibited by controlling the pore distribution of different regions of the watermark network, either large or small, thereby reflecting the change in brightness.
  • the adjustment of the pore size and pore distribution of the mesh of the watermarking web is achieved by bonding or bonding the bonding material to the top or bottom of the web surface of the watermarking web.
  • the existing watermark is generally implemented by pressing the watermark network on the watermark network or welding the metal sheet on the watermark network.
  • the method of using the pressure network can form a multi-level watermark, the watermark brightness is low, and the watermark identification exists. Difficult problems (especially in the case of poor lighting), and the use of welded metal sheets, only suitable for line-like patterns, or surface patterns with pixels, can not form the gray level of the watermark It can not reflect the volume and spatial sense of the pattern. Therefore, it can only be used to prepare a single-level watermark pattern. It cannot be used to prepare complex patterns such as character avatars, and complex patterns such as character avatars are currently the first choice for paper watermarks in various countries.
  • the character avatar has the advantages of high recognition, strong representativeness and high forgery difficulty.
  • the inventors of the present invention unexpectedly discovered that when openings are formed on the surface of a softer sheet material, the distribution and size of the openings are controlled according to the watermark pattern, and then incorporated into the watermark network and adapted thereto.
  • the brightness of the watermark is obviously improved compared with the watermark formed by the netting method alone, and the details of the watermark pattern can be well reflected, and a high contrast is formed, which is good in this way.
  • Watermarks such as character avatars.
  • the inventors have also found that the watermarking effect is better when the sheet material is composited to the top or bottom of the mesh surface of the watermarking net before the web is pressed and pressed together with the watermarking net.
  • the bonding material employed in the present invention preferably comprises a sheet material (or sheet, composite layer).
  • the sheet material is preferably made of a polymer material such as a combination of one or more of plastic, nylon (nylon), polymer paint, and resin.
  • the sheet material has pores matching the gray scale of the watermark, that is, the sheet material is provided with openings (or pores, holes) arranged according to the brightness distribution of the watermark pattern, and at the same time, the distribution and aperture of the openings
  • the size can also be adjusted and controlled to control the total pore area of the mesh in the predetermined area on the watermark network, thereby controlling the dehydration rate.
  • the overall shape of the sheet material is consistent with the overall contour of the watermark pattern, and different regions of the sheet material correspond to different regions of the watermark pattern.
  • the openings in the sheet material may be arranged in such a manner that the openings are arranged in a regular pattern in the sheet material, for example at equal intervals (the spacing is in the center point of the opening, for example, when the opening is circular) , can be calculated according to the center of the circle, and then control the area of the opening according to the brightness required by the watermark pattern, that is, the size of the opening aperture, thereby controlling the pore size and pore distribution of the mesh of the watermarking network in the corresponding area.
  • the above opening can be obtained by processing the sheet material by laser cutting.
  • the sheet material is bonded to the top or bottom of the mesh surface of the watermark web by an adhesive to form a composite layer.
  • the sheet material is pressed together with the watermark net, and the sheet material may be formed into a shape matching the predetermined area of the watermarked mesh, and then bonded to the predetermined area. .
  • the size of the opening in the sheet material is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the top of the mesh surface of the watermark network refers to the side of the water surface of the watermark network to undertake the pulp
  • the bottom of the mesh surface of the watermark network refers to the side of the water surface of the watermark network that does not support the pulp.
  • the method provided by the present invention preferably includes the following steps:
  • the watermark pattern opening a hole in the sheet material and controlling the size of the opening
  • the watermarked network is installed on the net cage, and the net cage is placed in the pulp pool for papermaking to obtain a watermarked paper;
  • the watermark pattern opening a hole in the sheet material and controlling the size of the opening
  • the watermarked network is installed on the net cage, and the net cage is placed in the pulp pool for papermaking to obtain a watermarked paper.
  • the watermark region of the paper thus obtained has an invisible black dot-like texture effect, thereby further enhancing the anti-counterfeiting effect.
  • the adjustment of the pore size and pore distribution of the mesh of the watermarking network is achieved by coating or welding the bonding material in the mesh of the watermarking mesh.
  • the bonding material may include a main component and a binder, wherein the main component includes a polymer material and/or a metal material or the like.
  • the main component may be in the form of a powder, after being mixed with a binder, applied to a predetermined area of the watermarking net, or the main component may also be in the form of a sheet, which is pasted or welded to the watermarking net by an adhesive. region. In this way, you can follow these steps:
  • the bonding material is bonded or coated to a predetermined area of the watermarking net, and the mesh in the predetermined area is completely or partially closed to the brightly colored area of the watermark according to the gradation relationship of the watermark. Adjusting the pore size and pore distribution of the mesh in the predetermined area;
  • the watermarked network is installed on the net cage, and the net cage is placed in the pulp pool for papermaking to obtain a watermarked security paper.
  • the polymer material used for preparing the bonding material may include one or more of plastic, nylon (nylon), polymer coating, and resin.
  • the metal material used includes one or a combination of copper, aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel.
  • the binder is mainly used for bonding, pasting or welding the main component of the sheet material or the bonding material to the top or bottom of the water-repellent mesh surface, and any material capable of performing the function can be used.
  • the binder comprises one or a combination of a thermoplastic binder, a thermosetting binder, and a metal welding material.
  • the bonding material used may be conventional as long as the main component of the sheet material or the bonding material can be bonded or bonded to the relevant region of the watermarking web.
  • the present invention also provides a paper product with a highlight watermark which can be prepared by the above-described preparation method provided by the present invention.
  • the formed watermark is a highlight watermark; the brightness of the bright area of the highlight watermark is higher than the brightness of the corresponding area when the multi-layer watermark is formed by using a network.
  • different regions of the watermark have different brightness, and the watermark has a smooth transition gray scale, and the contrast composition of the light and dark (based on the sketch relationship) is highlighted. High contrast watermark effect.
  • the watermark in the paper product described above is a highlighted multi-level watermark.
  • the highlight portion of the highlight multi-level watermark can achieve the brightness of the high-gloss white watermark, and the brightness is remarkable compared with the multi-layer watermark formed by the simple press net molding. Increase.
  • the dark area in the watermark is unchanged (that is, the brightness of the dark area in the highlighted multi-level watermark is the same as the brightness of the dark area of the multi-level watermark formed by the method of pressing the net), and the brightness of the bright area is significantly higher than
  • the brightness of the corresponding area of the multi-level watermark formed by the pressure net method has a super strong contrast. Under strong contrast, the watermark has a clearer sense of volume and a visual sense of jumping.
  • the watermark region of the highlight watermark has an invisible black dot texture effect or no texture effect.
  • the composite layer with the designed pores is in contact with the paper during the papermaking process, so that the corresponding area of the paper formed by the papermaking will exhibit a texture effect.
  • the composite layer is located at the bottom of the mesh surface of the watermark network, the watermark network is in direct contact with the paper during the papermaking process, and the composite layer is not directly in contact with the paper. Therefore, no texture effect occurs in the paper formed by the papermaking.
  • the texture effects include, but are not limited to, dot texture patterns of different sizes. The texture effect formed by the invention is difficult to be copied, and has a good technical effect.
  • the brightness of the dark area in the highlight watermark is the same as the brightness of the dark area of the multi-layer watermark formed by the web, That is, the watermark brightness in the dark area is no longer improved, that is, the highlight watermark is only improved in bright color and the dark color remains in the original state with respect to the multi-level watermark formed by the same watermark pattern in a web-based manner.
  • the watermark prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has the characteristics of high brightness, strong contrast and high definition, and the effect of the invisible point can appear in the highlighted area of the watermark, and the invisible point does not appear in the highlighted area of the watermark. effect.
  • the watermark formed by the method of the invention has a strong visual impact, and effectively improves the volume sense and spatial sense of the watermark.
  • the brightness difference (or the gray value difference) between the color levels of the watermark is effectively enlarged, and there are many gray steps from light to dark.
  • the watermark formed by the method of the present invention is brighter in a brighter region than the multi-layer watermark formed by using the network, and the multi-level watermark formed by the darkest region in the watermark and the conventional stamping network
  • the darkest regions in the same are the same; according to the progressive relationship of the grayscale from dark to bright, the difference in luminance between the respective grayscale gradients formed by the present invention can be gradually increased to increase the contrast.
  • the watermark brightness change formed by the method of the present invention is based on the grayscale artwork, and the watermark effect with a certain volume sense and spatial gradation can be formed according to the brightness and darkness of the image, the structure, the light and the shadow, and the inherent color.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a network pressing method in the preparation process of the anti-counterfeit paper of Embodiment 1.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite mode in which the composite layer is located at the bottom of the copper mesh.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the composite mode in which the composite layer is located on the top of the copper mesh.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a network pressing method in the preparation process of the anti-counterfeit paper of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a network pressing method in the preparation process of the anti-counterfeit paper of the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the effect of a general watermark formed by a press screen.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the watermark effect of the security paper provided in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a watermark effect with a black dot texture provided by Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a watermark effect with a black dot texture provided by Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the watermark luminance L value formed by the general watermark and the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a paper-making effect diagram of a conventional watermark formed by a press screen.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing the effect of paper forming of the watermark of the security paper of the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is a watermark effect diagram of the security paper of the third embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a gray value detection line of a conventional watermark.
  • Figure 14 is a diagram showing the gray value detection line of the highlight watermark of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 15 is a graph showing the gray value detection of the highlight watermark of the second embodiment and the conventional watermark.
  • Figure 16 is a graph showing the results of the number of gradations of a conventional watermark.
  • Figure 17 is a graph showing the result of the number of gradations of the highlight watermark of the second embodiment.
  • This embodiment provides a security paper with a high-brightness watermark, which is prepared by the following steps (as shown in FIGS. 1-3):
  • the first step is to make a watermark version according to the watermark pattern, and then use the watermark plate upper die and the lower die to press the copper mesh, so that the copper mesh is bent and deformed according to the relief curvature of the plate mold, as shown in FIG.
  • the above materials are composited on the copper mesh through the binder, and the composite position is the convex portion of the copper mesh (as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3), and gradually decreases from the high-low undulation according to the convex curve.
  • the third step the net cage is placed in the pulp pool, and the paper is prepared in a conventional manner to obtain a security paper with a bright watermark.
  • the watermark in the security paper of the embodiment is a pattern of a person, and the general watermark effect (a conventional watermark formed by a pressure net) is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the watermark effect of the security paper provided in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 8 is shown. It can be seen from the comparison that the brightness of the bright portion of the watermark pattern can be improved by the method provided by the embodiment, the contrast between the bright portion and the dark portion is improved, the watermark is clear and the volume is stronger, and the visual jump is sensed. Make the overall effect of the watermark pattern better.
  • the watermark shown in FIG. 8 is also provided with an invisible black dot-like texture, which further improves the anti-counterfeiting function of the watermark.
  • the effect of Figure 8 is achieved by placing the composite layer on top of the copper mesh in the manner shown in Figure 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the watermark luminance L value of the watermark formed by the general watermark and the watermark formed in this embodiment.
  • the brightness of the watermark bright color area i.e., the bright area in the watermark
  • the method of the present embodiment is greatly improved by the method of the present embodiment.
  • This embodiment provides a security paper with a bright watermark, which is prepared by the following steps:
  • the first step using a polymer material or a metal material to form a sheet material, and then opening a hole in the sheet material according to the watermark pattern, and controlling the size and distribution of the opening according to the gray scale distribution of the watermark pattern, the more the watermark pattern is brighter In the high area, the smaller the opening and the less the distribution;
  • the second step bonding or welding the sheet material to a predetermined area at the bottom of the copper mesh (as shown in FIG. 2) by using a thermoplastic adhesive or a metal solder material to form a composite layer covering a predetermined area on the watermark web.
  • the mesh in the predetermined area of the copper mesh is correspondingly partially closed or completely closed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the pore size and the pore distribution of the mesh in the predetermined area;
  • the third step making a watermark version according to the watermark pattern, and then using the watermark plate upper die and the lower die to press the copper mesh at the position with the composite layer, so that the copper mesh is bent and deformed according to the relief curvature of the plate mold, as shown in FIG. Show that the net cage is made;
  • the fourth step the net cage is placed in the pulp pool, and the paper is prepared in a conventional manner to obtain a security paper with a bright watermark.
  • the papermaking effect of the watermark in the security paper of the embodiment is as shown in FIG. 10, and the papermaking effect of the watermark of the security paper provided in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. Wherein, the face area of the person's forehead, cheekbone, chin, etc.
  • the pore distribution at the corresponding position in the composite layer is less; for other areas, As the brightness of the facial structure becomes darker, the area of the pores at the corresponding position in the composite layer is gradually increased, and the pore distribution is gradually increased; the bright color area of the character's white hair, white beard and the like is the region with the highest brightness, and the pores are more Small, the pore distribution is less, or even without pores, relative to the forehead.
  • the brightness of the bright portion of the watermark pattern can be improved by the method provided by the embodiment, the contrast between the bright portion and the dark portion is improved, the watermark is clear and the volume is stronger, and the visual jump is sensed. Make the overall effect of the watermark pattern better.
  • the number of gradations of the traditional watermark and the highlight watermark of the embodiment is detected by using photoshop software, and the histograms are respectively shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, and the histogram is based on the principle of 256-color gray scale, in the picture.
  • the gradation value that appears and the number of pixels under the same gradation value are statistically obtained.
  • the larger the gradation value the greater the brightness of the corresponding pixel.
  • the two histograms in FIG. 16 respectively show the maximum gradation value and the highest gradation value of the gradation distribution of the conventional watermark.
  • the gradation distribution of the conventional watermark is 78 and 205.
  • the two histograms in FIG. 17 respectively show the maximum gradation value and the highest gradation value of the gradation distribution of the highlight watermark of the present embodiment.
  • the highlight watermark of the embodiment can achieve a larger gradation value, that is, a higher brightness, than the conventional watermark.
  • the range of the gradation values covered by the watermark pattern formed in this embodiment is also larger, which illustrates the method formed by the method of the present invention in the case of representing the same watermark pattern (the images are the same and the number of pixels is also the same).
  • the watermark pattern can exhibit more gray values and form more gray gradients, thereby better reflecting the details of the watermark pattern.
  • This embodiment provides a security paper with a bright watermark, which is prepared by the following steps:
  • the first step using a polymer material or a metal material to form a sheet material, and then opening a hole in the sheet material according to the watermark pattern, and controlling the size and distribution of the opening according to the gray scale distribution of the watermark pattern, the more the watermark pattern is brighter In the high area, the smaller the opening and the less the distribution;
  • the second step bonding or welding the sheet material to a predetermined area on the top of the copper mesh (as shown in FIG. 3) by using a thermoplastic adhesive or a metal solder material to form a composite layer covering a predetermined area on the watermark web.
  • the mesh in the predetermined area of the copper mesh is correspondingly partially closed or completely closed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the pore size and the pore distribution of the mesh in the predetermined area;
  • the third step making a watermark version according to the watermark pattern, and then using the watermark plate upper die and the lower die to press the copper mesh at the position with the composite layer, so that the copper mesh is bent and deformed according to the relief curvature of the plate mold, as shown in Fig. 5. Show that the net cage is made;
  • the fourth step the net cage is placed in the pulp pool, and the paper is prepared in a conventional manner to obtain a security paper with a bright watermark.
  • the watermark effect of the security paper of this embodiment is as shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 12, compared with the watermark effect in the security paper of Embodiment 2, the watermark formed by the embodiment further includes an invisible black dot-like texture, which further improves the anti-counterfeiting function of the watermark.
  • the invisible black dot-like texture is achieved by bonding or soldering a composite layer on top of the copper mesh, the composite layer having openings corresponding to the gray level of the watermark, wherein the higher the brightness, the smaller the aperture and the lower the brightness
  • the larger the area of the pores, the pores corresponding to the gray-scale relationship of the watermark form an invisible point-like texture in the watermark after the papermaking.

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Abstract

一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品。该方法是通过对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调整以控制抄造过程中相应区域的纸浆纤维的留存量，进而控制抄造得到的纸张中的水印的亮度。该方法通过压网方式实现，压网所采用的水印版模分为阴阳套对模具，水印网在这种模具中经过冲压使网面发生弯曲变化，其中在高亮水印区的网面脱水性与网笼其它区域有所不同，主要体现在以网面为基础，水印中越亮的区域，网面脱水性越小，最亮的个别区域可以做到不脱水。

Description

一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品 技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品，属于纸制品制备技术领域。
背景技术
由于制备方法的限制，常规的水印是在均衡脱水的网笼上仅靠网面的凹凸起伏所形成，水印不能出现高亮的特征。
白水印是常用的水印形式，其是指通过对水印网进行常规压网操作而形成的普通水印，其亮度比较低。目前只有CN1563576A公开的高光白水印可以实现高亮特征，该高光白水印的高亮特征源于在网笼上对应于白水印的区域增加了不脱水的防伪材料，由此来实现高亮效果，但是这种水印只能以线条的形式表现，高光白水印的面积变大时纸张存在穿透的风险，而且只能有一个高亮层次。
为了改善白水印的单一效果，灰阶水印在白水印的基础上将亮色层次又增加一层，但是只能有一层，这种亮色可以将线条拓展到面，能够与高亮线条组合形成两个亮色层次。为了突出灰阶水印的防伪性，在灰阶水印中还可以组合应用黑水印，这样形成3-4个清晰的灰阶层次。灰阶水印的特点在于这3-4个灰阶层次都是以平面效果出现的，没有渐变的效果。所述平面效果是指：在水印图案的同一个区域内，只能有一个层次的亮度(或称灰度)，无法出现变化。例如CN102268841A公开了一种含有单层次灰度阶梯水印的防伪纸，其说明书附图中以仙鹤为题材的水印图案给出了一种具有4个灰度梯度的灰度阶梯水印，其中，仙鹤的身体和翅膀部分是亮灰色，身体轮廓呈现白色，仙鹤的身体和翅膀部分只有亮灰色一种颜色，没有变化，这就是平面效果。该专利的技术方案是通过焊接金属片的方式来形成水印，追求的是水印的平面亮度以及边缘的清晰度，在水印中只能实现单层次特征，并未考虑同一水印的同一区域内的亮度变化，不能实现水印的多层特征。
在国际上的水印种类中，像素水印和VISION水印在水印亮度上出现了一些变化：首先是像素水印，这种水印的亮度能够达到高光白水印效果，而且水印的面积也做了由线到面的拓展。拓展后，水印中形成了一些黑色的像素点，这些像素点也因此形成了这种水印的主要特征之一，像素水印一般以平面形式表现。在像素水印的基础上，VISION水印对平面形式也做了提升，但是像素点在多层次水印上依然显著，肉眼能够清晰识别。 这两种水印都是采用单独的水印器具粘合在网笼表面，该工艺生产成本高，制作难度大。水印外观上的像素点也不能去除，在人像以及其它需要细腻表现的水印中，这种黑色的像素点会成为效果上的瑕疵。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法以及带有高亮水印的纸制品。该制备方法通过调整水印网的预定区域的纸浆纤维的留存量来控制最终得到的水印的亮度，以形成具有较高亮度的水印。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法，其是通过对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调整以控制抄造过程中相应区域的纸浆纤维的留存量，进而控制抄造得到的纸张中的水印相应区域的亮度。
本发明所述的“控制”可以提高水印不同区域的亮度，使水印的不同区域在亮度上呈现出对比，以体现出更好的水印效果。例如：提高水印亮色区域的亮度，水印中越亮的区域亮度提高的幅度越大，提升幅度随着亮度的降低而依次递减，暗色区域则可以保持不变，从而增加水印亮度的对比反差，以体现水印高清高亮的效果。提高亮度是相对于压网形成的多层次水印的亮度，最高可以达到高光白水印的亮度。
对于同一水印图案，采用本发明的方法能够使水印偏亮的区域更亮(相对于采用压网的方式形成的多层次水印的相应区域的亮度)，使其亮度提升，并且，针对灰度由暗到亮(即灰度值由低到高，越亮灰度值越高)的递进关系，可以逐级拉大亮度差异，水印中最暗的区域可以保持不变(当亮度提升后，由于水印的对比关系得到增强，暗色不变的区域，看起来会显得更暗一些)。这种通过对网孔大小及网孔分布进行调控的方法能够使水印达到一种强对比的层次状态。
本发明的方法通过压网方式实现，压网所采用的水印版分为阴阳套对模具，水印网在这种模具中经过冲压使网面发生弯曲变化，其中，需要控制水印网不同区域的脱水性，在高亮水印区的网面脱水性与网笼其它区域有所不同，主要体现在以网面为基础，网面脱水性越小的区域，在水印中越亮，个别区域可以做到不脱水，从而达到最亮。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，控制抄造得到的纸张中的水印的亮度包括使制备得到的纸张中水印偏亮的区域的亮度高于采用压网方式形成多层次水印时相应区域的亮度，即高于当采用压网按照相应的图案制备多层次水印时所能够达到的亮度，从亮度上看，该制备得到的纸张中水印偏亮的区域的亮度相对于白水印更亮，能够达到高光白水印的亮度。例如：将水印图案各个区域的亮度由高到低排列之后，具有同样亮度或灰度值的 区域算是一个位次，至少亮度处于第1位的区域的亮度高于压网形成的多层次水印相应区域的亮度，当然也可以有更多部分的亮度高于压网形成的多层次水印的相应区域。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，所述水印存在由暗到亮的亮度变化，即形成多层次水印效果。水印的亮度可以根据需要进行控制，例如对于一个具有5个区域的水印图案，可以使其具有5个层次的亮度，体现出亮度的变化，使不同的区域之间呈现出亮度的对比，并且，可以使不同区域的亮度之间具有较高的亮度差，体现出水印灰度的高反差效果，增强水印的表现力，表现出水印图案的内容和视觉效果。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，所述水印的亮度变化以灰度图稿(即通过灰度体现图像内容的图稿)为基础，按照图像的形体、结构、光影、固有色的明暗关系形成具有体积感和空间感的灰度效果。体积感是指在平面上所表现的可视物体能够给人一种占有三度空间的立体感。空间感是指在绘画中依照透视的原理，描绘出物体之间的远近、虚实关系，使之在平面上传达出有深度的立体的空间感觉。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，所形成的水印的不同区域具有不同的亮度，亮度的变化为平缓过渡的灰度色阶。在某个具体的区域内，水印亮度可以有所变化，而不是只有一个亮度。在同一个水印中，带有高亮效果的水印比传统压网所形成的水印的色阶层次有显著增加，例如水印的整体可以包括由亮到暗的大量灰阶梯度，比一般压网形成的水印对比度能够大幅提高，主要体现为亮的区域的亮度的提高。水印中明暗的组成以表现水印图像形体的素描关系为依托，在水印中反映出的是高对比效果。本发明通过平缓过渡的灰度色阶可以更好地反应水印图案的立体感，例如：以人物头像这种细节较多、较难体现的图像作为水印图案，采用本发明的方法可以在提高亮度的同时，很好地体现人物头像的立体感。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，调整水印网的网孔的孔隙大小是指使网孔的孔隙面积缩小。这里的面积缩小也包括将孔隙完全封闭的情况。当孔隙面积缩小时，存留的纸浆纤维将会减少，形成水印之后，水印的相应区域的亮度就会提高，即水印网的网孔的孔隙越大，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越低；水印网的网孔的孔隙越小，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越高。
在上述制备方法中，优选地，调整对水印网的网孔的孔隙分布是指：根据水印图案的需要，对预定区域内的多个网孔的孔隙大小进行调整。通过进行这样的调整，可以使水印中亮色区域的脱水量得到控制，通过对水印中处于亮色区域的脱水量的控制(降低脱水量)，达到亮度的提高(处于暗色区域的脱水量可以保持不变，亮度也保持不变)， 对比度提高的目的。预定区域指的是水印图案中的某个需要进行亮度控制的区域，该区域对应于水印网的一定区域，在该区域内的网孔的孔隙总面积越大，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越低，在该区域内的网孔的孔隙总面积越小，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越高。在本发明中，可以通过对水印网的不同区域的孔隙分布进行控制，或大或小，进而体现出亮度的变化，表现出水印图案的艺术效果。
在上述制备方法中，无论是对于水印网的网孔的孔隙大小的控制，还是水印网的网孔的孔隙分布的控制，均可以采用通过外部手段来进行，并不一定要对网孔本身进行调整。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调整是通过在水印网的网面的顶部或底部粘结或粘合粘结材料实现的。
现有的水印一般是通过水印版对水印网进行压网或者在水印网上焊接金属片等实现的，其中，采用压网的方式虽然可以形成多层次水印，但是存在水印亮度较低，水印辨识存在困难的问题(尤其是在光线不好的情况下)，而采用焊接金属片的这种方式时，只适合线条状的图案，或者带有像素点的面形图案，无法形成水印的灰度层次，更无法体现出图案的体积感和空间感，因此，只能用于制备单层次的水印图案，无法用于制备人物头像等复杂图案，而人物头像等复杂图案目前是各个国家纸张水印的首选图案，因为人物头像具有辨识度高、代表性强、伪造难度高等优点。在研究水印的过程中，本发明的发明人意外地发现当在较软的片状材料表面形成开孔，按照水印图案控制开孔的分布和大小，然后将其结合到水印网上并使其适应压网时，抄造得到的纸张中，水印的亮度相对于单独采用压网方式形成的水印明显提高，而且能够很好地反映水印图案的细节，形成较高的对比，采用这种方式能够很好地表现人物头像等水印图案。发明人还发现：在压网之前将片状材料复合到水印网的网面的顶部或底部，并使其随同水印网一起进行压网时，所得到的水印效果更好。
在这种优选的实施方式中，本发明所采用的粘结材料优选包括片状材料(或称片材、复合层)。该片状材料优选是由高分子材料制成的，例如塑料、锦纶(尼龙)、高分子涂料和树脂等中的一种或几种的组合。
该片状材料带有与水印灰度相匹配的孔隙，即该片状材料上设有按照水印图案的亮度分布设置的开孔(或称孔隙、孔洞)，同时，对于开孔的分布以及孔径的大小也可以进行调整、控制，以控制水印网上预定区域的网孔的孔隙总面积，进而控制脱水率。其中，在该片状材料中，对应于水印中亮度越高的区域的部分开孔越小、开孔分布越少， 对应于水印中亮度越低的区域的部分开孔越大、开孔分布越多，孔隙规律完全按照水印的灰度关系形成。该片状材料的整体外形与水印图案的整体轮廓一致，片状材料的不同区域则对应于水印图案的不同区域。该片状材料中的开孔可以采用以下方式设置：使开孔在片状材料中按照一定的规律排布，例如以等间距(间距以开孔的中心点计，例如开孔为圆形时，可以以其圆心计算)排布，然后根据水印图案所需要的亮度的不同而控制开孔的面积，即开孔孔径的大小，进而控制相应区域的水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布。上述开孔可以采用激光切割的方式对片状材料进行处理而获得。
该片状材料通过粘结剂粘合到水印网的网面的顶部或底部，形成复合层。根据实际技术方案的需要，该片状材料随水印网一起进行压网，也可以将该片状材料制成与压网后的水印网的预定区域相匹配的形状，然后粘合到该预定区域。片状材料中的开孔的大小优选为0.2mm-1.0mm。其中，水印网的网面的顶部指的是水印网的网面承接纸浆的一面，水印网的网面的底部指的是水印网的网面不承接纸浆的一面。
当采用片状材料粘合到水印网上形成复合层时，本发明所提供的方法优选包括以下步骤：
按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔并控制开孔的大小；
将片状材料粘合到水印网的网面的预定区域的顶部或底部，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网带有复合层的预定区域进行压网；
将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的纸张；
或者，
按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔并控制开孔的大小；
采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网的预定区域进行压网；
将片状材料粘合到水印网的网面的预定区域的顶部或底部，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的纸张。
在制备过程中，当将所述片状材料粘合到水印网的网面顶部时，由此抄造得到的纸张的水印区域中带有隐形黑色点状纹理效果，进一步提升防伪效果。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调 整是通过在水印网的网孔涂布或焊接粘结材料实现的。该粘结材料可以包括主成分和粘结剂，其中，主成分包括高分子材料和/或金属材料等。该主成分可以是粉末的形式，与粘结剂混合之后，涂布到水印网的预定区域，或者，该主成分也可以是片状的形式，通过粘结剂粘贴或焊接到水印网的预定区域。采用这种方式时，可以按照以下步骤进行：
按照水印图案，将所述粘结材料粘结或涂布到水印网的预定区域，将该预定区域内的网孔按照水印的灰度关系对水印中处于亮色的区域进行全部或部分封闭，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网带有复合层的预定区域进行压网；
将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的防伪纸。
在本发明中，制备粘结材料(包括片状材料、粉末形式的主成分)所采用的高分子材料可以包括塑料、锦纶(尼龙)、高分子涂料和树脂等中的一种或几种的组合，所采用的金属材料包括铜、铝、镍和不锈钢等中的一种或几种的组合。
在上述制备方法中，粘结剂主要是用于将片状材料或粘结材料的主成分粘结、粘贴或焊接到水印网网面的顶部或底部，任何能够起到该作用的材料均可以使用，优选地，所述粘结剂包括热塑性粘合剂、热固性粘合剂以及金属焊接材料等中的一种或几种的组合。所采用的粘结材料可以是常规的，只要能够将片状材料或粘结材料的主成分粘结或粘合在水印网的相关区域即可。
本发明还提供了一种带有高亮水印的纸制品，该纸制品可以是通过本发明所提供的上述的制备方法制备得到的。其中，所形成的水印为高亮水印；该高亮水印的偏亮的区域的亮度高于采用压网的方式形成多层次水印时相应区域的亮度。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，优选地，所述水印的不同区域具有不同的亮度，所述水印中具有平缓过渡的灰度色阶，其明暗的对比组成(以素描关系为依托)为高亮、高对比的水印效果。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，优选地，上述纸制品中的水印为高亮的多层次水印。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，优选地，在上述纸制品中，所述高亮多层次水印中的高亮部分能够达到高光白水印的亮度，与单纯压网成型的多层次水印比较，亮度显著增高。此时水印中的暗色区域不变(即高亮的多层次水印中的暗的区域的亮度与通过压网的方式形成的多层次水印的暗色区域的亮度相同)，亮色区域的亮度明显高于采用压网方式形成的多层次水印的相应区域的亮度，整体效果具有超强的对比度，在强对比下， 水印清晰体积感更强，具有视觉上的跳跃感。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，优选地，在上述纸制品中，所述高亮水印的水印区域中带有隐形黑色点状纹理效果或不带有任何纹理效果。当复合层位于水印网的网面顶部时，带有设计孔隙的复合层在抄纸过程中与纸张接触，因此，抄造得到的成纸的相应区域就会体现出纹理效果。当复合层位于水印网的网面底部时，水印网在抄纸过程中与纸张直接接触，复合层不会直接与纸张接触，因此，抄造得到的成纸中不会出现纹理效果。所述纹理效果包括但不限于大小不一的点状纹理图案。本发明所形成的纹理效果是难以被仿制的，具有良好的技术效果。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，优选地，在上述纸制品中，所述高亮水印(高亮多层次)中的暗的区域的亮度与压网形成的多层次水印的暗色区域的亮度相同，即处于暗色区域的水印亮度不再提高，也就是说，相对于基于同样的水印图案以压网方式形成的多层次水印，高亮水印只做亮色提高，暗色保持原始状态。
采用本发明的技术方案能够带来以下技术效果：
采用本发明的技术方案所制备的水印具有高亮度、强对比、高清晰度的特点，可以在水印中高亮区域出现带有隐形点的效果，也可以在水印的高亮区域不出现隐形点的效果。
本发明的方法所形成的水印具有很强的视觉冲击力，有效提高水印的体积感和空间感。
在亮度提升后，水印的色阶层次之间的亮度差距(或称灰度值差距)被有效拉大，具有很多由亮到暗的灰阶梯度。
对于同一水印图案，相对于采用压网的方式形成的多层次水印，采用本发明的方法所形成的水印在偏亮的区域更亮，水印中最暗的区域与传统压网形成的多层次水印中的最暗的区域相同；根据灰度由暗到亮的递进关系，本发明所形成的各个灰度梯度之间的亮度差异可以逐级拉大，提高对比度。
本发明的方法所形成的水印亮度变化以灰度图稿为基础，按照图像的形体、结构、光影、固有色等明暗关系能够形成具有一定体积感和空间感灰度的水印效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的防伪纸制备过程中的压网方式示意图。
图2为复合层位于铜网底部的复合方式示意图。
图3为复合层位于铜网顶部的复合方式示意图。
图4为实施例2的防伪纸制备过程中的压网方式示意图。
图5为实施例3的防伪纸制备过程中的压网方式示意图。
图6为压网形成的一般水印的效果图。
图7为实施例1提供的防伪纸的水印效果示意图。
图8为实施例1提供的带有黑色点状纹理的水印效果示意图。
图9为一般的水印与实施例1形成的水印亮度L值的对比示意图。
图10为压网形成的传统水印的成纸效果图。
图11为实施例2的防伪纸的水印的成纸效果图。
图12为实施例3的防伪纸的水印效果图。
图13为传统水印的灰度值检测线示意图。
图14为实施例2的高亮水印的灰度值检测线示意图。
图15为实施例2的高亮水印与传统水印的灰度值检测曲线图。
图16为传统水印的色阶数量结果图。
图17为实施例2的高亮水印的色阶数量结果图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明，但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种带有高亮水印的防伪纸，其是通过以下步骤制备的(如图1-图3所示)：
第一步、根据水印图案制作水印版，然后利用水印版上模与下模对压铜网，使铜网根据版模的浮雕曲度发生弯曲变形，如图1所示。
第二步：在成型后的铜网的顶部或底部粘合复合层，复合层的材料可以为：高分子材料(包括塑料、锦纶、高分子涂料、树脂等中的一种或几种的组合)，或金属材料(包括铜、铝、镍、不锈钢等中的一种或几种的组合)，所采用的粘结剂包括特塑型粘合剂、热固性粘合剂以及金属焊接材料等，将以上材料通过粘结剂复合在铜网上，并且复合位置为铜网的凸起部位(如图2和图3所示)，并按照凸起曲线由高向低的起伏逐渐递减。
第三步：网笼放入浆池，按照常规的方式进行抄造，得到带有高亮水印的防伪纸。
本实施例的防伪纸中的水印以人物为图案，一般的水印效果(采用压网的方式形成的传统水印)如图6所示，本实施例提供的防伪纸的水印效果如图7、图8所示。通过 对比可以看出，采用本实施例提供的方法可以使水印图案中亮的部分的亮度提高，亮的部分与暗的部分的对比度提高，水印清晰体积感更强，具有视觉上的跳跃感，使水印图案的整体效果更好。图8所示的水印中还设置了隐形黑色点状纹理，进一步提高了水印的防伪功能。图8的效果是采用图3所示的方式将复合层设置在铜网顶部而实现的。
图9为一般的水印与本实施例形成的水印的水印亮度L值对比示意图。由图9可以看出，采用本实施例的方法大幅提高了水印亮色区(即水印中偏亮的区域)的亮度。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种带有高亮水印的防伪纸，其是通过以下步骤制备的：
第一步：利用高分子材料或金属材料制作片状材料，然后按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔，并根据水印图案的灰度分布控制开孔的大小以及分布，水印图案亮度越高的区域，开孔越小、分布越少；
第二步：采用热塑性粘合剂或者金属焊接材料将片状材料粘合或焊接到铜网底部的预定区域(如图2所示)，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，复合之后，铜网上位于该预定区域内的网孔也会相应地被部分封闭或全部封闭，实现对于该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布的调整；
第三步：根据水印图案制作水印版，然后利用水印版上模与下模在带有复合层的位置对压铜网，使铜网根据版模的浮雕曲度发生弯曲变形，如图4所示，制得网笼；
第四步：将网笼放入浆池，按照常规的方式进行抄造，得到带有高亮水印的防伪纸。
本实施例的防伪纸中的水印以人物为图案，通过压网形成的传统水印的成纸效果如图10所示，本实施例提供的防伪纸的水印的成纸效果如图11所示，其中，人物的额头、颧骨、下巴等面部区域为亮色区域(水印中偏亮的区域)，即亮度相对较高的区域，复合层中相应位置处的孔隙分布较少；对于其他的区域，随着面部结构亮度变暗，复合层中相应位置处的孔隙的面积也逐步增大，孔隙分布也逐渐增多；人物的白色头发、白色胡须等线条形的亮色区域是亮度最高的区域，孔隙更小，孔隙分布相对于额头等区域更少，甚至不带有孔隙。
通过对比可以看出，采用本实施例提供的方法可以使水印图案中亮的部分的亮度提高，亮的部分与暗的部分的对比度提高，水印清晰体积感更强，具有视觉上的跳跃感，使水印图案的整体效果更好。
对图10、图11的水印进行灰度值检测，按照图13和图14中所示的直线A-B(位于水印图案的相同位置)分别选取25个点，检测其灰度值，并据此形成灰度值曲线， 如图15所示。由图15可以看出：对于水印图案中偏亮的区域，本实施例所形成的水印这一区域的亮度明显高于压网形成的传统水印；而偏暗的区域，二者的亮度是相同的。
利用photoshop软件对传统水印和本实施例的高亮水印的色阶数量进行检测，其直方图分别如图16、图17所示，该直方图是基于256色灰度色阶原理，对图片中出现的色阶值以及同一色阶值下的像素数量进行统计得出的，色阶值越大，其对应的像素的亮度越大。其中，图16中的两个直方图分别显示了传统水印的灰度分布的最大色阶值和最高色阶值，由图16可以看出，传统水印的灰度分布在78、205这两个色阶值之间，灰度色阶数量为205-78＝127。图17中的两个直方图分别显示了本实施例的高亮水印的灰度分布的最大色阶值和最高色阶值，由图17可以看出，本实施例的高亮水印的灰度分布在56、242这两个色阶值之间，灰度色阶数量为242-56＝186。通过比较可以看出：相对于传统水印，本实施例的高亮水印能够达到更大的色阶值，也就是能够达到更高的亮度。而且，本实施例所形成的水印图案所覆盖的色阶值的范围也更大，这说明在表现相同的水印图案(图像相同，像素数量也相同)的情况下，本发明的方法所形成的水印图案可以表现出更多的灰度值，形成更多的灰度梯度，由此就能够更好地体现水印图案的细节。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种带有高亮水印的防伪纸，其是通过以下步骤制备的：
第一步：利用高分子材料或金属材料制作片状材料，然后按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔，并根据水印图案的灰度分布控制开孔的大小以及分布，水印图案亮度越高的区域，开孔越小、分布越少；
第二步：采用热塑性粘合剂或者金属焊接材料将片状材料粘合或焊接到铜网顶部的预定区域(如图3所示)，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，复合之后，铜网上位于该预定区域内的网孔也会相应地被部分封闭或全部封闭，实现对于该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布的调整；
第三步：根据水印图案制作水印版，然后利用水印版上模与下模在带有复合层的位置对压铜网，使铜网根据版模的浮雕曲度发生弯曲变形，如图5所示，制得网笼；
第四步：将网笼放入浆池，按照常规的方式进行抄造，得到带有高亮水印的防伪纸。
本实施例的防伪纸的水印效果如图12所示。由图12可以看出，相比于实施例2的防伪纸中的水印效果，本实施例所形成的水印中还包含了隐形黑色点状纹理，进一步提高了水印的防伪功能。
该隐形黑色点状纹理是通过在铜网的顶部粘合或焊接复合层实现的，复合层带有与水印灰度相匹配的开孔，其中，亮度越高的区域孔隙越小，亮度越低的区域孔隙越大，这种与水印灰度关系相对应的孔隙在抄造之后形成了水印中的隐形点状纹理。当复合层位于铜网底部时，在纸面上不会出现纹理效果。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种能够控制水印亮度的纸张制备方法，其是通过对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调整以控制抄造过程中相应区域的纸浆纤维的留存量，进而控制抄造得到的纸张中的水印的亮度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，控制抄造得到的纸张中的水印的亮度包括使制备得到的纸张中水印偏亮的区域的亮度高于采用压网的方式形成多层次水印时相应区域的亮度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述水印的亮度变化以灰度图稿为基础，按照图像的形体、结构、光影、固有色的明暗关系形成具有体积感和空间感的灰度效果。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述水印的不同区域具有不同的亮度，亮度的变化为平缓过渡的灰度色阶。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，调整水印网的网孔的孔隙大小是指使网孔的孔隙面积缩小。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的方法，其中，调整水印网的网孔的孔隙分布是指：根据水印图案的需要，对预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小进行调整。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的方法，其中，预定区域内的网孔的孔隙总面积越大，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越低；
    预定区域内的网孔的孔隙总面积越小，抄造得到的纸张中的水印的相应位置的亮度越高。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对水印网的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布进行调整是通过在水印网的网面的顶部或底部粘结、粘合、涂布或焊接粘结材料实现的。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述粘结材料包括片状材料，该片状材料是由高分子材料制成的，该片状材料上设有按照水印图案的亮度分布设置的开孔；
    所述片状材料通过粘结剂粘合到所述水印网的网面的顶部或底部，然后随水印网一起进行压网，或者，先进行压网，然后再将所述片状材料通过粘结剂粘合到所述水印网的网面的顶部或底部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述开孔在所述片状材料上以等间距排布，间距以开孔的中心点计。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述开孔的大小为0.2mm-1.0mm。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的方法，其中，该方法包括以下步骤：
    按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔并控制开孔的大小；
    将片状材料粘合到水印网的网面的预定区域的顶部或底部，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
    采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网带有复合层的预定区域进行压网；
    将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的纸张；
    或者，
    按照水印图案，在片状材料上开设开孔并控制开孔的大小；
    采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网的预定区域进行压网；
    将片状材料粘合到水印网的网面的预定区域的顶部或底部，形成复合层，该复合层覆盖水印网上的预定区域，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
    将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的纸张。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述片状材料粘合到水印网的网面顶部，由此抄造得到的纸张的水印区域中带有隐形黑色点状纹理效果。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述粘结材料包括主成分和粘结剂，所述主成分包括高分子材料和/或金属材料制成的粉末，并且，所述粘结材料粘结或涂布到水印网的预定区域。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，该方法包括以下步骤：
    按照水印图案，将所述粘结材料粘结或涂布到水印网的预定区域，将该预定区域内的网孔按照水印的灰度关系对水印中处于亮色的区域进行全部或部分封闭，以调整该预定区域内的网孔的孔隙大小、孔隙分布；
    采用水印版的上模和下模对水印网带有复合层的预定区域进行压网；
    将经过压网的水印网安装到网笼上，将网笼放入纸浆池进行抄造，得到带有水印的防伪纸。
  16. 根据权利要求9-15任一项所述的方法，其中，所述高分子材料包括塑料、锦纶、高分子涂料和树脂中的一种或几种的组合；
    所述金属材料包括铜、铝、镍和不锈钢中的一种或几种的组合；
    所述粘结剂包括热塑性粘合剂、热固性粘合剂以及金属焊接材料中的一种或几种的组合。
  17. 一种带有高亮水印的纸制品，其是通过权利要求1-16任一项所述的方法制备的，其中，所述水印为高亮水印；
    该高亮水印的偏亮的区域的亮度高于采用压网的方式形成多层次水印时相应区域的亮度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的纸制品，其中，所述水印的不同区域具有不同的亮度；
    所述水印具有平缓过渡的灰度色阶，其明暗的对比组成为高亮、高对比的水印效果。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的纸制品，其中，所述水印为高亮的多层次水印，该高亮的多层次水印中的高亮部分达到高光白水印的亮度。
  20. 根据权利要求17-19任一项所述的纸制品，其中，所述高亮水印的水印区域中带有隐形黑色点状纹理效果或不带有任何纹理效果。
  21. 根据权利要求17或19所述的纸制品，其中，所述高亮的多层次水印中的暗的区域的亮度与通过压网的方式形成的多层次水印的暗色区域的亮度相同。
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