WO2019033527A1 - 用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物 - Google Patents

用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物 Download PDF

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WO2019033527A1
WO2019033527A1 PCT/CN2017/105779 CN2017105779W WO2019033527A1 WO 2019033527 A1 WO2019033527 A1 WO 2019033527A1 CN 2017105779 W CN2017105779 W CN 2017105779W WO 2019033527 A1 WO2019033527 A1 WO 2019033527A1
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cucumber
plant extract
parts
plant
whole grass
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PCT/CN2017/105779
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French (fr)
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赖进九
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赖进九
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of plant-derived pesticides and their application. Specifically, the invention relates to a plant extract for controlling cucumber anthracnose, cucumber thrips and improving nutrient content of cucumber; and specifically providing an extract from garlic bulb, sea otter underground stem, rape flower inflorescence, sorrel whole grass, thyme whole grass, strip a plant extract of zephyr, which has the effects of preventing disease, killing insects and increasing the nutrient content of cucumber;
  • Haitang a Latin name of Alocasia macrorrhiza, is a perennial herb of the genus Araceae. It has a thick stem and a height of up to 3 m. The leaves are culminated in stalks. The leaves are ovate-shaped, the ear of the stalk is slightly shorter than the bud, and the female is in the lower part. The male flowers are in the upper part and are produced in South China, Southwest China and Taiwan. They are also distributed in Southeast Asia. They are warm, humid and semi-yin environment. The growth temperature is 20-25 °C, and the winter temperature is 10-15 °C. Summer potted plants need to cover half of the shade. It is cultivated with common garden soil plus peat soil, sand or turf soil and humus soil.
  • Garlic a Latin name called Allium sativum, belongs to the genus Allium, and is bulbous.
  • the garlic bulb is spheroidal or short conical. It has grayish white or light brown membranous scales on the outside. Stripped scales are included.
  • Garlic cloves rounded around the stems, the base of the stem is disc-shaped, with many fibrous roots. Each garlic clove is covered with a film, and the film is peeled off. It is white, thick and juicy, with strong garlic and spicy taste. Garlic bulbs contain allicin.
  • Rapeseed also known as oil cabbage, bitter herbs, Latin name Brassica campestris L. Cruciferae, Brassica, the tender stems and leaves of rapeseed, native to China, its stem color is dark green, is a cross-flowered cabbage variety, The flowers are yellow; agronomically, the various species of oil in the plants are collectively referred to as rapeseed.
  • rapeseed the main types of rapeseed (cultivar) are: Brassica rapa (campestris) L., Brassica juncea L. ), Brassica napus L.; Brassinolide in rapeseed.
  • Thyme a Latin name called Thymus mongolicus, is a herb of the genus Thymus, which has improved digestive and gynecological diseases, promotes blood circulation, enhances immunity, relieves neuropathic pain, and antibacterial. Helps wound healing, treats eczema and acne skin, activates brain cells, enhances memory and attention, fights depression and soothes the wounds of the mind. It is very effective for dandruff and inhibiting hair loss.
  • the refined essential oil has a bactericidal effect, and can be added with freckle cream to eliminate freckles, repair aging skin, and can also be used to make soap and mouthwash materials.
  • the sorrel the Latin name Rumex acetosa
  • the sorrel the common name wild spinach, the perennial herb of the family Polygonaceae, the traces of most grasslands in Europe and West Asia
  • the sorrel is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and oxalic acid
  • oxalic acid causes the plant
  • Tastes have a sour taste, often used as a seasoning with tender stems and leaves, can be eaten raw, whole grass external application, treatment of skin diseases, oral administration of heat and urine; infusion can be used as pesticides
  • leaves can be fed pigs, leaves containing mushrooms Jingsu (flavonoids), leaves can extract green dyes, roots contain anthrones and tannins, and can be extracted.
  • Porphyra yezoensis red algae, red cabbage, algae fresh purple or slightly blue-green, oval or long oval, generally higher than 12-70CM, base round or heart-shaped, edge Wrinkled, cells arranged neatly, smooth and non-serrated, pigmented star-shaped, located in the center, the base cells extend into oval or long rods, monoecious, and fronds can form monospores for vegetative reproduction, common for the northern coast of China.
  • the species is the main cultivated algae to the north of the Yangtze River. It is rich in protein, polysaccharides and vitamins and is edible or medicinal.
  • Cucumber Latin name Cucumis sativus, Cucurbitaceae Cucumber, also known as courgette, cucumber.
  • the color of the fruit is oil green or emerald green, and the surface has soft thorns.
  • the cucumber has anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-alcoholism and blood pressure lowering effects.
  • Cucumber anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont. Arx) infection. Cucumber anthracnose can develop from seedlings to adult plants. Seedlings occur, and semi-ellipse hazel appears on the edge of cotyledons. The lesion has an orange-yellow point-like gelatinous substance, and the stem is affected. The base of the ground becomes yellowish brown and then folds back. Infected with leaves, the lesions are nearly round, 4-18 mm in diameter, taupe to reddish brown, and when severe, the leaves are dry.
  • the pteridophyte is known as the hummer, and about 3,000 species are known all over the world. About 300 species are known in China, mainly ⁇ .
  • the main types of damage to fruits and vegetables include melons, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses and horses.
  • Hummer occurs all year round, mainly in spring, summer and autumn. Born in the open field, the winter is mainly in the greenhouse, which harms crops such as eggplant, cucumber, cowpea, pepper and watermelon. The peak period occurs in the autumn or winter from November to December, and from March to May is the second peak period.
  • Female adults mainly perform parthenogenesis, occasionally sexual reproduction, and it is extremely difficult to see males.
  • the eggs are scattered in the mesophyll tissue, and 22 to 35 eggs per female.
  • Female adults live for 8 to 10 days.
  • the egg period is 6 to 7 days from May to June.
  • the nymphs stop feeding when they feed from the back of the leaf to the end of the old age and fall into the topsoil.
  • the melon horse is also called palm hummer, brown pheasant, and mainly harms melon, melon, watermelon, bitter gourd, tomato, eggplant and legumes.
  • Adults and nymphs feed on heart leaves, tender buds, flower organs and young juices with sucking mouthparts.
  • the young shoots are damaged, the tissues become hard and shrink, the hairs become grayish brown or dark brown, and the plants grow slowly and the internodes are shortened.
  • the young melon is damaged, the fruit is hardened, and the melon hair is blackened, causing the melon to fall.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plant extract for controlling cucumber anthracnose, cucumber thrips and improving the nutrient content of cucumber.
  • a plant extract for controlling cucumber diseases and improving the nutrient content of cucumber is extracted from garlic bulb, sea otter underground stem, rape flower inflorescence, sorrel whole grass, thyme whole grass, and stripe laver.
  • the ratio of the mass fraction of the preferred garlic bulb, sea otter underground stem, rape flower inflorescence, sorrel whole grass, thyme whole grass, and zebra peony is 5:1:1:1:1:1 ⁇ 5.
  • the ratio of the mass fraction of the garlic bulb, the sea otter underground stem, the rape flower inflorescence, the sorrel whole grass, the thyme whole grass, and the stripe laver is 5:1:1:1:1:4.
  • the garlic bulb, the sea otter underground stem, the rape flower inflorescence, the sorrel whole grass, and the thyme whole grass are all fresh plant tissues.
  • the stripe laver is a fresh stripe laver that washes off surface minerals with fresh water.
  • the fresh plant tissue or plant body has a moisture reduction of less than 5%.
  • the method for extracting the plant extract is as follows: garlic bulb, sea otter underground stem, rape flower inflorescence, sorrel whole grass, thyme whole grass, and stripe laver are respectively mashed by a tissue mincer and mixed together, and fatty alcohol is added. Polyoxyethylene ether, sec-butyl acetate, deionized water, stirred at 30 ° C for 90 minutes, the mixture was placed in a centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 40 minutes, and the supernatant was taken. Said plant extract.
  • the plant extract has an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont. Arx).
  • the plant extract has a good control effect on cucumber anthracnose after reaching a certain dose.
  • the application of the plant extract to a certain dose can increase the content of vitamin C and dietary fiber of the cucumber.
  • Garlic bulbs, sea otter underground stems, rape inflorescence, sorrel whole grass, thyme whole grass, and zebra porch are mashed and mixed together with a tissue mincer, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sec-butyl acetate, deionized water are added. After stirring at a temperature of 30 ° C for 90 minutes, the mixed liquid was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 40 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to prepare the plant extract.
  • Plant extracts extracted by the plant tissue extraction method described in Example 1 50 parts of garlic bulbs, 10 parts of sea otter underground stems, 10 parts of rapeseed, 10 parts of sorrel whole grass, 10 parts of thyme whole grass, and several strips of seaweed Parts: 20 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 20 parts of sec-butyl acetate, 230 parts of deionized water, and the number of parts of Porphyra yezoensis are shown in Table 1, and five different plant extracts were prepared.
  • Plant Extract number Fresh portion of seaweed Plant extract 1 10 Plant Extract 2 20
  • Plant Extract No. 3 30 Plant Extract 4 40 Plant extract 5 50
  • Example 3 The activity of the plant extract described in Example 1 on the activity of Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont. Arx) and the control of cucumber anthracnose in the greenhouse showed that the sample was at a certain dose.
  • the plant extract has an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont.) Arx, and is caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. & Mont. Arx). Cucumber anthracnose has a good control effect.
  • Example 4 The plant extracts described in Example 1 were tested for the control of cucumber anthracnose in greenhouse (spray method, 30 kg spray per acre of water, refer to GBT 17980.112-2004 pesticide field efficacy test guidelines (2) part 112 fungicide Prevention and treatment of melon anthracnose, early application of cucumber anthracnose, 14 days after drug investigation).
  • Level 1 - the area of the diseased part accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area (including 5%);
  • Level 3 The area of the diseased area accounts for 6%-15% (including 10%) of the total leaf area;
  • Level 5 The area of the diseased area accounts for 16%-25% (including 25%) of the total leaf area;
  • Level 7 The area of the diseased area accounts for 26%-50% (including 50%) of the total leaf area;
  • Grade 9 the area of the diseased area accounts for more than 51% of the total leaf area
  • Example 4 The effect of the plant extract described in Example 1 on the content of vitamin C and dietary fiber in cucumber (spray at the seedling stage, spray once at the flowering stage, spray 30 kg per acre of water, and pick the vitamin C when the cucumber fruit turns red) And the content of dietary fiber, the results of the test and the clear water comparison using Duncan's new complex range method (DMRT) for statistical analysis of the test data, the larger letters and lowercase letters in Table 5 indicate the significant difference at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels) .
  • DMRT Duncan's new complex range method
  • the results of the data shown in Table 5 indicate that the plant extract No. 1-5 (spray at the seedling stage, spraying at a flowering time of 30 kg per mu of water, and measuring the content of vitamin C and dietary fiber when picking cucumber fruit) on Youfeng 6
  • the vitamin C content and dietary fiber content of cucumber were significantly different from those of Qingshui at 0.05 and 0.01.
  • the content of vitamin C and dietary fiber of the plant extract No. 1-5 was significantly higher.
  • Qingshui control both increased by more than 30% compared with the control; when the amount of plant extract No. 3 was 40 g/mu, the content of vitamin C and dietary fiber increased by more than 50%.

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Abstract

一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物，该植物提取物提取自大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜。所述大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的质量份数比例为5:1:1:1:1:1～5；该提取物喷施到黄瓜叶片上具有防治黄瓜炭疽病、黄瓜蓟马及提高黄瓜维生素C和膳食纤维含量的功效。

Description

用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物 技术领域
本发明属于植物源农药及其应用领域。具体涉及一种用于防治黄瓜炭疽病、黄瓜蓟马及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物；具体提供一种提取自大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的植物提取物，该提取物具有防病、杀虫及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的功效；
背景技术
海芋，拉丁学名为Alocasia macrorrhiza，天南星科海芋属多年生草本植物，茎粗壮，高可达3m，叶聚生茎顶，叶片卵状戟形，肉穗花序稍短于佛焰苞，雌花在下部，雄花在上部，产于中国华南、西南及台湾，东南亚也有分布，喜温暖、潮湿和半阴环境，生长适温20～25℃，越冬温度10～15℃。夏季盆栽需遮半阴。用一般园土加泥炭土、砂或草皮土和腐叶土栽培，用分株、扦插和播种法繁殖，根茎富含淀粉，可作工业上代用品，但不能食用。海芋有毒，全株有剧毒，地下茎尤甚，不可生食，必须用大米共炒至焦黄，久煎(2小时以上)去毒，方可内服。
大蒜，拉丁学名为Allium sativum，属百合科葱属，以鳞茎入药；大蒜鳞茎呈扁球形或短圆锥形，外面有灰白色或淡棕色膜质鳞皮，剥去鳞叶，内有6～10个蒜瓣，轮生于花茎的周围，茎基部盘状，生有多数须根，每一蒜瓣外包薄膜，剥去薄膜，即见白色、肥厚多汁的鳞片，有浓烈的蒜辣气，味辛辣，大蒜鳞茎中含有大蒜素。
油菜，又叫油白菜，苦菜，拉丁文名为Brassica campestris L.十字花科、芸薹属植物，油菜的嫩茎叶，原产我国，其茎颜色深绿，属十字花科白菜变种，花朵为黄色；农艺学上将植物中种子含油的多个物种统称油菜，目前油菜主要栽培(品种)类型为：白菜型油菜(Brassica rapa(campestris)L.)，芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea L.)，甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)；油菜花序中含有芸苔素内酯。
百里香，拉丁学名为Thymus mongolicus，唇形科百里香属草本植物，具有改善消化系统及妇科疾病，促进血液循环，增强免疫力，减轻神经性疼痛，抗菌， 帮助伤口愈合，治疗湿疹及面疱肤质，活化脑细胞，提升记忆力及注意力，抗沮丧及抚慰心灵创伤。对头皮屑和抑制落发十分有效。抗菌、抗痉挛、抗昆虫毒液、杀菌、强身、促结疤，强化神经预防作噩梦，叶片可结合各式肉类、鱼贝类料理，泡茶能帮够助消化、消除肠胃胀气并解酒，浸剂中加蜂蜜可治痉咳、感冒和喉咙痛。泡澡亦有舒缓和镇定神经之效，提炼精油有杀菌作用，并可加入雀斑膏制作，具消除雀斑、修化老化皮肤，亦可用于制作香皂和漱口水的材料。
酸模，拉丁学名为Rumex acetosa，酸模，俗名野菠菜，蓼科多年生草本植物，欧洲和西亚大多数的草原均可见到其踪迹，酸模含有丰富的维他命A、维他命C及草酸，草酸导致此植物尝起来有酸溜口感，常被作为料理调味用嫩茎叶味酸可生食，全草外敷，治皮肤病，内服解热利大小便；浸液可作农药，叶可喂猪，叶含牡荆素(黄酮类)，叶可提取绿色染料，根含蒽酮类和鞣质，可提制栲胶。
条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)，红藻纲，红毛菜科，藻体鲜紫红色或略带蓝绿色，卵形或长卵形，一般高12-70CM以上，基部圆形或心脏形，边缘有皱褶，细胞排列整齐，平滑无锯齿，色素体星状，位于中央，基部细胞延伸为卵形或长棒形，雌雄同株，叶状体能形成单孢子进行营养生殖，为中国北方沿岸常见种类，为长江以北的主要栽培藻类，富含蛋白质、多糖和维生素，可供食用或药用。
黄瓜，拉丁学名为Cucumis sativus，葫芦科黄瓜属植物，也称胡瓜、青瓜。果实颜色呈油绿或翠绿，表面有柔软的小刺，黄瓜具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、防酒精中毒、降血压的作用。
黄瓜炭疽病是由葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)侵染引起，黄瓜炭疽病从幼苗到成株皆可发病，幼苗发病，多在子叶边缘出现半椭圆形淡褐色病斑，上有橙黄色点状胶质物，茎部发病，近地面基部变黄褐色，后折倒。成叶染病，病斑近圆形，直径4-18毫米，灰褐色至红褐色，严重时，叶片干枯。茎蔓与叶柄染病，病斑椭圆形或长圆形，黄褐色，稍凹陷，严重时病斑连接，绕茎一周，植株枯死。瓜条染病，病斑近圆形，初为淡绿色，后成黄褐色，病斑稍凹陷，表面有粉红色粘稠物，后期开裂。
缨翅目昆虫通称为蓟马，全世界已知约3000种，中国已知约300种，主要有蓟马科和管蓟马科。在瓜果、蔬菜上发生为害的主要种类有瓜蓟马、葱蓟马等，此外还有稻蓟马、西花蓟马等。蓟马一年四季均有发生，春、夏、秋三季主要发 生在露地，冬季主要在温室大棚中，危害茄子、黄瓜、芸豆、辣椒、西瓜等作物。发生高峰期在秋季或入冬的11～12月份，3～5月份则是第二个高峰期。雌成虫主要进行孤雌生殖，偶有两性生殖，极难见到雄虫。卵散产于叶肉组织内，每雌产卵22～35粒。雌成虫寿命8～10天。卵期在5～6月份为6～7天。若虫在叶背取食到高龄末期停止取食，落入表土化蛹。瓜蓟马又称棕榈蓟马、棕黄蓟马，主要危害节瓜、冬瓜、西瓜、苦瓜、番茄、茄子及豆类蔬菜。成虫、若虫以锉吸式口器取食心叶、嫩芽、花器和幼果汁液，嫩叶嫩梢受害，组织变硬缩小，茸毛变灰褐或黑褐色，植株生长缓慢，节间缩短，幼瓜受害，果实硬化，瓜毛变黑，造成落瓜。
长期使用化学农药会对人体的健康造成危害，污染生态环境，污染水环境，污染土壤，而植物源农药来源于自然，能在自然界降解，一般不会污染环境及农产品，环境和人体中积累毒性的可能性不大，对人和牲畜相对安全，对害虫天敌伤害小，且害虫对其难以产生抗体，具有低毒、低残留的特点，能够提高农产品的品质。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种用于防治黄瓜炭疽病、黄瓜蓟马及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物。
技术方案：一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物，提取物提取自大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜。
优选的大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的质量份数比例为5:1:1:1:1:1～5。
更优选的大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的质量份数比例为5:1:1:1:1:4。
所述大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草均为新鲜植物组织。
所述条斑紫菜为用淡水洗去表面矿物质的新鲜条斑紫菜。
所述新鲜的植物组织或植物体水分减少低于5％。
所述的植物提取物提取方法如下：大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入脂肪醇 聚氧乙烯醚、醋酸仲丁酯、去离子水，30摄氏度条件下搅拌机搅拌90分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟6000转的离心机离心40分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物提取物。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、所述的植物提取物对葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)的菌丝生长具有抑制作用。
2、所述的植物提取物施用达到一定剂量后对黄瓜炭疽病具有较好的防治效果。
3、所述的植物提取物施用达到一定剂量后对黄瓜蓟马具有较好的防治效果。
4、所述的植物提取物施用达到一定剂量后能提高黄瓜维生素C和膳食纤维的含量。
具体实施方式
实施例一 植物提取物的提取。
大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、醋酸仲丁酯、去离子水，30摄氏度条件下搅拌机搅拌90分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟6000转的离心机离心40分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物提取物。
取大蒜鳞茎50份、海芋地下茎10份、油菜花序10份、酸模全草10份、百里香全草10份、条斑紫菜40份分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚20份、醋酸仲丁酯20份、去离子水230份，30摄氏度条件下搅拌机搅拌90分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟6000转的离心机离心40分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物提取物。
表1 实施例一所记载的植物组织提取方法提取的植物提取物，大蒜鳞茎50份、海芋地下茎10份、油菜花序10份、酸模全草10份、百里香全草10份，条斑紫菜若干份，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚20份、醋酸仲丁酯20份、去离子水230份，条斑紫菜的份数如表1记载，制得5种不同的植物提取物。
植物提取物编号 新鲜条斑紫菜的份数
植物提取物1号 10
植物提取物2号 20
植物提取物3号 30
植物提取物4号 40
植物提取物5号 50
实施例二 植物提取物对大棚黄瓜蓟马的防治效果试验
Figure PCTCN2017105779-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017105779-appb-000002
表2 不同植物提取物不同施用剂量对大棚黄瓜蓟马的防治效果(每亩兑水30千克喷雾，试验方法参照NYT 1464.6-2007农药田间药效试验准则第6部分：杀虫剂防治蔬菜蓟马)，结果表明实施例一所述植物提取物在一定剂量下对黄瓜蓟马具有较好的防治效果。
序号(处理) 施用剂量(克/亩) 防治效果(％)
植物提取物1号 10 22.2
植物提取物1号 20 45.1
植物提取物1号 40 81.4
植物提取物2号 10 23.7
植物提取物2号 20 47.4
植物提取物2号 40 82.5
植物提取物3号 10 25.4
植物提取物3号 20 54.2
植物提取物3号 40 85.6
植物提取物4号 10 28.8
植物提取物4号 20 56.6
植物提取物4号 40 89.3
植物提取物5号 10 25.2
植物提取物5号 20 44.8
植物提取物5号 40 82.5
10％呋虫胺可溶性粒剂 40 77.9
实施例三 实施例一所述的植物提取物对葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)的活性测定及对大棚黄瓜炭疽病的防治试验，结果表明在一定剂量下实施例一所述植物提取物对葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)的菌丝生长具有抑制作用，对葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)引起的黄瓜炭疽病具有较好的防治效果。
Figure PCTCN2017105779-appb-000003
表3 实施例一所述植物提取物对葫芦科刺盘孢(Colletotrichum orbiculare(Berk.&Mont.)Arx)的室内活性测定结果(抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验-平皿法，参照NY/T 1156.2-2006，接种后7天调查)。
序号(处理) 使用浓度(毫克/千克) 菌丝生长抑制率(％)
植物提取物1号 15 25.7
植物提取物1号 30 46.8
植物提取物1号 60 69.2
植物提取物2号 15 26.8
植物提取物2号 30 47.2
植物提取物2号 60 71.4
植物提取物3号 15 26.1
植物提取物3号 30 50.4
植物提取物3号 60 72.5
植物提取物4号 15 27.9
植物提取物4号 30 54.6
植物提取物4号 60 75.2
植物提取物4号 120 89.6
植物提取物4号 240 100.0
植物提取物5号 15 23.3
植物提取物5号 30 46.3
植物提取物5号 60 67.8
表4 实施例一所记载的植物提取物对大棚黄瓜炭疽病的防治试验(喷雾法，每亩兑水30千克喷雾，参照GBT 17980.112-2004农药田间药效试验准则(二)第112部分杀菌剂防治瓜类炭疽病，黄瓜炭疽病发病初期施药，药后14天调查)。
分级方法：
0级--叶片无病斑；
1级--病部面积占整个叶片面积的5％以下(含5％)；
3级--病部面积占整个叶片面积的6％-15％(含10％)；
5级--病部面积占整个叶片面积的16％-25％(含25％)；
7级--病部面积占整个叶片面积的26％-50％(含50％)；
9级--病部面积占整个叶片面积的51％以上；
病情指数＝∑[(各级病叶数×相对级数值)÷(调查总叶数×9)]×100
Figure PCTCN2017105779-appb-000004
序号(处理) 使用剂量(克/亩) 防治效果(％)
植物提取物1号 10 33.7
植物提取物1号 20 55.8
植物提取物1号 40 77.1
植物提取物2号 10 36.6
植物提取物2号 20 58.2
植物提取物2号 40 79.9
植物提取物3号 10 35.2
植物提取物3号 20 61.7
植物提取物3号 40 82.2
植物提取物4号 10 37.7
植物提取物4号 20 62.9
植物提取物4号 40 86.4
植物提取物4号 80 93.5
植物提取物5号 10 30.7
植物提取物5号 20 52.8
植物提取物5号 40 75.1
50％咪鲜胺悬浮剂 40 79.2
实施例四 实施例一所记载的植物提取物对黄瓜维生素C及膳食纤维含量的影响实验(苗期喷雾一次，花期喷雾一次，每亩兑水30千克喷雾，黄瓜果实变红时采摘测定维生素C及膳食纤维的含量，测定结果与清水对照采用邓肯氏新复极差法(DMRT)对试验数据进行统计分析，表5中大些字母和小写字母表示在0.01和0.05水平上的差异显著性)。
表5 植物提取物对黄瓜(品种为优丰6号)的维生素C及膳食纤维含量的影响。
Figure PCTCN2017105779-appb-000005
表5记载的数据结果表明，植物提取物1-5号(苗期喷雾一次，花期喷雾一次每亩兑水30千克喷雾，黄瓜果采摘时测定维生素C及膳食纤维的含量)对优丰6号黄瓜的维生素C含量及膳食纤维含量提高与清水对照在0.05和0.01水平上均存在显著差异，植物提取物1-5号处理过的优丰6号黄瓜的维生素C及膳食纤维的含量显著高于清水对照，均比对照增加30％以上；其中植物提取物3号用量40克/亩时，维生素C及膳食纤维的含量增加50％以上。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物，其特征在于：提取物提取自大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜；所述大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的质量份数比例为5:1:1:1:1:1～5；
    所述大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草均为新鲜植物组织；所述条斑紫菜为用淡水洗去表面矿物质的新鲜条斑紫菜；所述新鲜的植物组织或植物体水分减少低于5％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物，其特征在于：所述大蒜鳞茎、海芋地下茎、油菜花序、酸模全草、百里香全草、条斑紫菜的质量份数比例为5:1:1:1:1:4。
  3. 一种权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物提取方法，其特征在于：大蒜鳞茎50份、海芋地下茎10份、油菜花序10份、酸模全草10份、百里香全草10份、条斑紫菜40份分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚20份、醋酸仲丁酯20份、去离子水230份，30摄氏度条件下搅拌机搅拌90分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟6000转的离心机离心40分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物提取物。
  4. 权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物在防治黄瓜炭疽病、蓟马上的应用。
  5. 权利要求1所述的一种用于防治黄瓜病害及提高黄瓜营养成分含量的植物提取物在提高黄瓜维生素C和膳食纤维含量上的应用。
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