Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/74—Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
  • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
  • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
  • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
  • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
  • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
  • G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
  • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
  • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning

Definitions

• the invention relates to a LIDAR (light detection and ranging) device for scanning solid angles with at least one beam, with at least one horizontally rotatable radiation source for generating at least one beam, with at least one generating optics for shaping the at least one generated beam, with a horizontally rotatable LIDAR (light detection and ranging) device for scanning solid angles with at least one beam, with at least one horizontally rotatable radiation source for generating at least one beam, with at least one generating optics for shaping the at least one generated beam, with a horizontally rotatable
• LIDAR light detection and ranging
• Receiving optics for receiving at least one reflected beam on an object and for deflecting the at least one reflected beam to a detector.
• microscanners and, on the other hand, macroscanners can be used.
• a transmitting unit and a receiving unit can be arranged on a rotor and rotate or pivot together about an axis of rotation. It can be exposed and scanned, for example, a horizontal scanning angle of 360 °.
• Such LIDAR devices usually have a limited vertical resolution and a relatively small vertical scanning angle, which can not be changed depending on the situation. Disclosure of the invention
• the object underlying the invention can be seen to provide a LIDAR device that can adapt an exposure of solid angles depending on the situation.
• a LIDAR device for scanning solid angles with at least one beam.
• the LIDAR device has at least one horizontally rotatable arranged
• Radiation source for generating at least one beam.
• Generating optics is used to shape the at least one generated beam.
• the generating optics may consist of a plurality of optical elements, such as lenses, diffractive optical elements, holographic optical elements, and the like.
• the LIDAR device has a horizontally rotatable receiving optics, which receives at least one reflected beam on an object and directs to a detector.
• the radiation source can form a transmitting unit together with the generating optics or a part of the generating optics.
• the radiation source can form a transmitting unit together with the generating optics or a part of the generating optics.
• the radiation source can thus generate electromagnetic radiation continuously or pulsed.
• a receiving unit consists of a receiving optics and the detector.
• the detector may be, for example, a column detector which is subdivided into detector pixels.
• the detector may be a single photon avalanche diode detector (SPAD).
• the SPAD detector can achieve high resolution with low sensitivity due to its high sensitivity
• TCSPC time-correlated single photon counting
• the transmitting unit and the receiving unit can rotate horizontally in synchronism with each other and thus expose and detect a horizontal scanning angle.
• the transmitting unit and the receiving unit can be operated in time both in parallel and in series. For example, the
• Transmitting unit and the receiving unit can be arranged side by side rotatable or axially arranged with each other along a rotation axis.
• the transmitting unit may generate one or more vertically stacked beams that define and expose a vertical scanning angle. A vertical resolution of the LIDAR device can then be realized by the column detector.
• the generating optics serves to shape the at least one generated beam and has at least one changeable lens which can adapt or change the at least one generated beam.
• a variable generation optics for example, a focus and / or a
• the generating optics can be both rotatable as a whole with the radiation source, as well as partially rotatable and partially stationary.
• beams generated by the radiation source can be influenced and variably shaped such that the LIDAR device can be optimally adapted to specific environments, speeds, orientations, and the like. In such a
• LIDAR device can, for example, depending on the situation, the vertical
• Resolution and / or the range can be varied. For example, a vertical scanning angle can be reduced by focusing more sharply and the
• Range of a scanning range can be increased.
• a vertical scanning angle can be increased while the range is shorter or a vertical scanning angle can be displaced axially.
• the edge regions may be scanned by the LIDAR device at a lower resolution through the detector and at a larger vertical scan angle.
• the detector for example, every second or every third detector pixel can be used for this purpose Evaluation can be used.
• a high range at a low vertical scanning angle can be useful and feasible.
• the exposure of the LIDAR device can be varied depending on the situation. For example, the exposure to a mountain drive, downhill,
• the generation optics can also consist of several changeable and
• the LIDAR device can switch between
• variable lens or an adaptive optics can be used for localization in complex environments.
• changeable lenses based on electroactive polymers can be used.
• the radiation source has individual emitters and generates at least two vertical to each other
• the radiation source can
• Emitter can thus generate at least one electromagnetic beam.
• a plurality of semiconductor lasers can be arranged next to one another.
• the radiation source can be a pixel-by-pixel or dot-shaped or one
• the vertical scanning angle can be partially or completely exposed by the generated beams.
• the at least one beam can be radially variably focused.
• Production optics can change their focal length and thus focus at least one generated beam in a focal plane, for example, point-like.
• the radial distance of the focal plane from the LIDAR device can be influenced and adjusted by the variable lens.
• the at least one beam can be axially variably focused.
• the variable lens can be changed in particular in its shape. As a result, the at least one generated beam can be deflected or offset axially. So can
• a vertical scanning angle can be realized which is higher or lower.
• a height and a position of the vertical scanning range can be actively changed.
• the at least one beam can be variably shaped in a time-dependent manner.
• the at least one generated beam can be changed on the transmitting side in such a way that, for example, the generated beams are changed every two turns of the transmitting unit or one
• Switching between two or more defined exposure modes takes place.
• an adaptation of the generated beams can also take place within one revolution of the transmitting unit.
• the at least one beam can be variably shaped as a function of a rotational position of the radiation source.
• the at least one generated beam can be adjusted or varied at least once within one revolution or rotation of the transmitting unit.
• a LIDAR device arranged on a vehicle roof can, at a rotational position in the direction of a vehicle front during a drive, focus the generated beams as far as possible from the LIDAR device and thus allow a maximum range of the exposure.
• the generated beams can have as large a vertical scanning angle as possible
• a horizontal scanning angle of 360 ° can be divided into several angle sections. Within the respective angle sections, the at least one generated beam can thus be constant or varied or changed.
• the radiation source generates at least one angle-offset or time-dependent
• offset beam may be performed by the detector
• Radiation source can be adjusted. For example, all emitters of the radiation source can be activated or only a defined part of all emitters. Alternatively, every second or third emitter of the radiation source can be activated. For applications with the maximum range, all emitters can be activated. For applications with a lower maximum distance requirement, exposure intensity may be reduced by less active emitters. In this way, it can be prevented, for example, that the detector experiences saturation or overexposure in the case of exposed objects in a near zone.
• the radiation source generates at least one angularly displaced or spatially offset beam as a function of a rotational position of the radiation source.
• the adaptation of the beam power by switching on or off of emitters of the radiation source can be time-dependent or based on a rotational position of the
• Radiation source or the transmitting unit can be realized.
• Scanning angle can thereby be divided into several angular ranges with different functions. This allows, for example, a more comprehensive measurement of a vehicle-related environment, which may be required for various functions of an environment recognition for automated driving. It can thereby be optimized, for example, a detection of a lane boundary or a navigable area can be better estimated.
• localization of the LIDAR device can be enabled even in complex environments since the LIDAR device can scan certain unrecognized or misrecognized areas of the environment multiple times with differently shaped beams to provide more information about one
• the generation optical system has at least one passive optical element.
• the generating optics may have optical elements that are not rotatably arranged. These optical elements may be other lenses, filters, diffractive optical elements such as volume holographic optical elements and the like. The optical elements can be arranged, for example, on a housing of the LIDAR device. Within an entire or partial horizontal
• Scanning range and / or vertical scanning angle is thus arranged at least one optical element in a beam path of the generated beam and thus can form the at least one generated beam before the at least one generated beam is emitted in the spatial angle to be scanned.
• a passive optical element is part of the generating optics and can be embodied, for example, in the form of a foil which is peripherally arranged stationary around the transmitting unit. As a result, different areas of the scanned solid angle can be exposed and scanned adapted. An active control can be omitted here and thus simplify such a LIDAR device technically.
• the at least one beam can be shaped by the at least one passive optical element as a function of a rotational position of the radiation source.
• the transmitting unit can be arranged axially on a different plane than the receiving unit.
• the transmitting unit may at least partially guide along its horizontal rotation at least one generated beam through at least one passive optical element.
• the passive optical elements can be continuous or only within certain
• Rotational positions may be arranged.
• the passive optical elements may be laminated or bonded to an inner side of an emission window of the LIDAR device.
• the passive optical elements may be spatially separated from each other or merge seamlessly with one another.
• the at least one passive optical element is a holographic optical element.
• the passive optical elements are advantageously designed as holographic optical elements.
• the be holographic optical elements volume holograms.
• the beam deflection can not be any optical element.
• holographic optical elements are given by refraction, but by diffraction at the volume grid.
• the holographic optical elements can be produced both in transmission and in reflection and allow a free choice of incidence and failure or diffraction angles.
• a holographic material may be applied to a carrier foil and subsequently exposed in a pickup process to introduce the optical function into the material. This exposure method can be printed analogously, for example, pixel by pixel.
• the holographic optical element additionally has a characteristic wavelength and angle selectivity or a filter function.
• the generation optical system has at least one changeable optical system.
• the variable or adaptive optics can be a liquid lens and form part of the generation optics. Such lenses may vary their focal length depending on an applied voltage. This function can for example be based on the principle of electrowetting. With a liquid lens is not just a different one
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a LIDAR device according to a first embodiment
• FIG. 2a is a schematic representation of a transmitting unit of a LIDAR device according to a second embodiment
• 2b is a schematic representation of a transmitting unit of a LIDAR device according to a third embodiment
• 3a is a schematic representation of a LIDAR device according to a fourth embodiment
• Fig. 3b is a schematic plan view of a passive optical element of
• the LIDAR device 1 shows a schematic representation of a LIDAR device 1 according to a first embodiment.
• the LIDAR device 1 has a radiation source 2.
• the radiation source 2 according to the embodiment may be, for example, a semiconductor laser 2 capable of generating laser beams 3.
• the generated beams 3 can subsequently be shaped or adapted by a production optical system 4.
• the shaped beams 5 are then emitted from the LIDAR device 1 in the direction of a solid angle A.
• Generating optics 4 is a liquid lens 4, which can be supplied via electrical connections, not shown, with electrical voltage and thus can change their optical properties depending on the voltage.
• the radiation source 2 and the generating optics together form a transmitting unit 6.
• the shaped beams 5 can be reflected or scattered on the objects 8.
• the scattered or reflected beams 7 can be received by a receiving optical system 10 and directed to a detector 12.
• the detector 12 is a column detector consisting of a plurality of detector pixels arranged in a row and defining a vertical resolution of the LIDAR device 1.
• the detector 12 and the receiving optics 10 form here a receiving unit 14 of the LIDAR device 1.
• the transmitting unit 6 and the receiving unit 14 are horizontal by one
• Rotation axis R rotatable by 360 ° and are arranged axially one above the other.
• FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are schematic representations of transmission units 6 of a LIDAR device 1 according to a second and a third
• the radiation sources 2 are here as each Laser bar 2, each with five individual emitters 16 executed. Shown is an application of the radiation source 2 with a reduced number of activated emitters 16. According to the embodiment, three of the five individual emitters 16 of the radiation source 2 are activated and thus generated beams 3. The generated beams 3 are varied or adapted by the liquid lens 4.
• the shaped beams 5 have a common focal plane B and are in the
• the respective generated beams 3 can by the generating optics 4 also to a in the
• Focal plane B linear beam are combined.
• the generating optics 4 or the at least one liquid lens 4 of the generating optics can focus the generated beams 3 differently depending on an applied voltage, so that the focal plane B of the shaped beams 5 can be displaced.
• the shaped beams 5 may be deflected in a vertical, axial or horizontal direction depending on another applied voltage and thus locally offset their focal points within the focal plane B.
• FIG. 3a shows a schematic representation of a LIDAR device 1 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.
• the LIDAR device 1 here has a generating optical system 4 with a passive optical element 18.
• the generating optics 4 can have variable lenses 4 as well as invariable lenses.
• the passive optical element 18 is here a volume hologram 18, which is designed as a foil.
• the film is peripherally arranged stationary around the rotatable transmitting unit 6 around. During a rotation of the transmitting unit 6 about the rotation axis R, all regions of the film are thus exposed in succession.
• the different regions of the film consist of different volume holograms 18, which have different or identical optical functions.
• FIG. 3b shows such a film in a deployed state. It will be an angular range of 0 ° to 360 ° with different rectangular

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
• Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=62530216

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2017
  • 2017-07-11 DE DE102017211817.2A patent/DE102017211817A1/de active Pending
• 2018
  • 2018-06-04 CN CN201880058832.5A patent/CN111051920A/zh active Pending
  • 2018-06-04 JP JP2020501209A patent/JP2020526764A/ja active Pending
  • 2018-06-04 EP EP18729388.1A patent/EP3652561B1/de active Active
  • 2018-06-04 KR KR1020207002857A patent/KR20200026919A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2018-06-04 WO PCT/EP2018/064548 patent/WO2019011525A1/de unknown
  • 2018-06-04 US US16/629,441 patent/US20200408883A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events